// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Resizable virtual memory filesystem for Linux.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2000 Linus Torvalds.
 *               2000 Transmeta Corp.
 *               2000-2001 Christoph Rohland
 *               2000-2001 SAP AG
 *               2002 Red Hat Inc.
 * Copyright (C) 2002-2011 Hugh Dickins.
 * Copyright (C) 2011 Google Inc.
 * Copyright (C) 2002-2005 VERITAS Software Corporation.
 * Copyright (C) 2004 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
 *
 * Extended attribute support for tmpfs:
 * Copyright (c) 2004, Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton <lkcl@lkcl.net>
 * Copyright (c) 2004 Red Hat, Inc., James Morris <jmorris@redhat.com>
 *
 * tiny-shmem:
 * Copyright (c) 2004, 2008 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
 */

#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/vfs.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/ramfs.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fileattr.h>
#include <linux/filelock.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/fs_parser.h>
#include <linux/swapfile.h>
#include <linux/iversion.h>
#include <linux/unicode.h>
#include "swap.h"

static struct vfsmount *shm_mnt __ro_after_init;

#ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM
/*
 * This virtual memory filesystem is heavily based on the ramfs. It
 * extends ramfs by the ability to use swap and honor resource limits
 * which makes it a completely usable filesystem.
 */

#include <linux/xattr.h>
#include <linux/exportfs.h>
#include <linux/posix_acl.h>
#include <linux/posix_acl_xattr.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/splice.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/leafops.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/namei.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/magic.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <uapi/linux/memfd.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/uuid.h>
#include <linux/quotaops.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>

#include <linux/uaccess.h>

#include "internal.h"

#define VM_ACCT(size)    (PAGE_ALIGN(size) >> PAGE_SHIFT)

/* Pretend that each entry is of this size in directory's i_size */
#define BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE 20

/* Pretend that one inode + its dentry occupy this much memory */
#define BOGO_INODE_SIZE 1024

/* Symlink up to this size is kmalloc'ed instead of using a swappable page */
#define SHORT_SYMLINK_LEN 128

/*
 * shmem_fallocate communicates with shmem_fault or shmem_writeout via
 * inode->i_private (with i_rwsem making sure that it has only one user at
 * a time): we would prefer not to enlarge the shmem inode just for that.
 */
struct shmem_falloc {
        wait_queue_head_t *waitq; /* faults into hole wait for punch to end */
        pgoff_t start;          /* start of range currently being fallocated */
        pgoff_t next;           /* the next page offset to be fallocated */
        pgoff_t nr_falloced;    /* how many new pages have been fallocated */
        pgoff_t nr_unswapped;   /* how often writeout refused to swap out */
};

struct shmem_options {
        unsigned long long blocks;
        unsigned long long inodes;
        struct mempolicy *mpol;
        kuid_t uid;
        kgid_t gid;
        umode_t mode;
        bool full_inums;
        int huge;
        int seen;
        bool noswap;
        unsigned short quota_types;
        struct shmem_quota_limits qlimits;
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE)
        struct unicode_map *encoding;
        bool strict_encoding;
#endif
#define SHMEM_SEEN_BLOCKS 1
#define SHMEM_SEEN_INODES 2
#define SHMEM_SEEN_HUGE 4
#define SHMEM_SEEN_INUMS 8
#define SHMEM_SEEN_QUOTA 16
};

#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
static unsigned long huge_shmem_orders_always __read_mostly;
static unsigned long huge_shmem_orders_madvise __read_mostly;
static unsigned long huge_shmem_orders_inherit __read_mostly;
static unsigned long huge_shmem_orders_within_size __read_mostly;
static bool shmem_orders_configured __initdata;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
static unsigned long shmem_default_max_blocks(void)
{
        return totalram_pages() / 2;
}

static unsigned long shmem_default_max_inodes(void)
{
        unsigned long nr_pages = totalram_pages();

        return min3(nr_pages - totalhigh_pages(), nr_pages / 2,
                        ULONG_MAX / BOGO_INODE_SIZE);
}
#endif

static int shmem_swapin_folio(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
                        struct folio **foliop, enum sgp_type sgp, gfp_t gfp,
                        struct vm_area_struct *vma, vm_fault_t *fault_type);

static inline struct shmem_sb_info *SHMEM_SB(struct super_block *sb)
{
        return sb->s_fs_info;
}

/*
 * shmem_file_setup pre-accounts the whole fixed size of a VM object,
 * for shared memory and for shared anonymous (/dev/zero) mappings
 * (unless MAP_NORESERVE and sysctl_overcommit_memory <= 1),
 * consistent with the pre-accounting of private mappings ...
 */
static inline int shmem_acct_size(unsigned long flags, loff_t size)
{
        return (flags & SHMEM_F_NORESERVE) ?
                0 : security_vm_enough_memory_mm(current->mm, VM_ACCT(size));
}

static inline void shmem_unacct_size(unsigned long flags, loff_t size)
{
        if (!(flags & SHMEM_F_NORESERVE))
                vm_unacct_memory(VM_ACCT(size));
}

static inline int shmem_reacct_size(unsigned long flags,
                loff_t oldsize, loff_t newsize)
{
        if (!(flags & SHMEM_F_NORESERVE)) {
                if (VM_ACCT(newsize) > VM_ACCT(oldsize))
                        return security_vm_enough_memory_mm(current->mm,
                                        VM_ACCT(newsize) - VM_ACCT(oldsize));
                else if (VM_ACCT(newsize) < VM_ACCT(oldsize))
                        vm_unacct_memory(VM_ACCT(oldsize) - VM_ACCT(newsize));
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * ... whereas tmpfs objects are accounted incrementally as
 * pages are allocated, in order to allow large sparse files.
 * shmem_get_folio reports shmem_acct_blocks failure as -ENOSPC not -ENOMEM,
 * so that a failure on a sparse tmpfs mapping will give SIGBUS not OOM.
 */
static inline int shmem_acct_blocks(unsigned long flags, long pages)
{
        if (!(flags & SHMEM_F_NORESERVE))
                return 0;

        return security_vm_enough_memory_mm(current->mm,
                        pages * VM_ACCT(PAGE_SIZE));
}

static inline void shmem_unacct_blocks(unsigned long flags, long pages)
{
        if (flags & SHMEM_F_NORESERVE)
                vm_unacct_memory(pages * VM_ACCT(PAGE_SIZE));
}

int shmem_inode_acct_blocks(struct inode *inode, long pages)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
        int err = -ENOSPC;

        if (shmem_acct_blocks(info->flags, pages))
                return err;

        might_sleep();  /* when quotas */
        if (sbinfo->max_blocks) {
                if (!percpu_counter_limited_add(&sbinfo->used_blocks,
                                                sbinfo->max_blocks, pages))
                        goto unacct;

                err = dquot_alloc_block_nodirty(inode, pages);
                if (err) {
                        percpu_counter_sub(&sbinfo->used_blocks, pages);
                        goto unacct;
                }
        } else {
                err = dquot_alloc_block_nodirty(inode, pages);
                if (err)
                        goto unacct;
        }

        return 0;

unacct:
        shmem_unacct_blocks(info->flags, pages);
        return err;
}

static void shmem_inode_unacct_blocks(struct inode *inode, long pages)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);

        might_sleep();  /* when quotas */
        dquot_free_block_nodirty(inode, pages);

        if (sbinfo->max_blocks)
                percpu_counter_sub(&sbinfo->used_blocks, pages);
        shmem_unacct_blocks(info->flags, pages);
}

static const struct super_operations shmem_ops;
static const struct address_space_operations shmem_aops;
static const struct file_operations shmem_file_operations;
static const struct inode_operations shmem_inode_operations;
static const struct inode_operations shmem_dir_inode_operations;
static const struct inode_operations shmem_special_inode_operations;
static const struct vm_operations_struct shmem_vm_ops;
static const struct vm_operations_struct shmem_anon_vm_ops;
static struct file_system_type shmem_fs_type;

bool shmem_mapping(const struct address_space *mapping)
{
        return mapping->a_ops == &shmem_aops;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_mapping);

bool vma_is_anon_shmem(const struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        return vma->vm_ops == &shmem_anon_vm_ops;
}

bool vma_is_shmem(const struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        return vma_is_anon_shmem(vma) || vma->vm_ops == &shmem_vm_ops;
}

static LIST_HEAD(shmem_swaplist);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(shmem_swaplist_lock);

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA

static int shmem_enable_quotas(struct super_block *sb,
                               unsigned short quota_types)
{
        int type, err = 0;

        sb_dqopt(sb)->flags |= DQUOT_QUOTA_SYS_FILE | DQUOT_NOLIST_DIRTY;
        for (type = 0; type < SHMEM_MAXQUOTAS; type++) {
                if (!(quota_types & (1 << type)))
                        continue;
                err = dquot_load_quota_sb(sb, type, QFMT_SHMEM,
                                          DQUOT_USAGE_ENABLED |
                                          DQUOT_LIMITS_ENABLED);
                if (err)
                        goto out_err;
        }
        return 0;

out_err:
        pr_warn("tmpfs: failed to enable quota tracking (type=%d, err=%d)\n",
                type, err);
        for (type--; type >= 0; type--)
                dquot_quota_off(sb, type);
        return err;
}

static void shmem_disable_quotas(struct super_block *sb)
{
        int type;

        for (type = 0; type < SHMEM_MAXQUOTAS; type++)
                dquot_quota_off(sb, type);
}

static struct dquot __rcu **shmem_get_dquots(struct inode *inode)
{
        return SHMEM_I(inode)->i_dquot;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA */

/*
 * shmem_reserve_inode() performs bookkeeping to reserve a shmem inode, and
 * produces a novel ino for the newly allocated inode.
 *
 * It may also be called when making a hard link to permit the space needed by
 * each dentry. However, in that case, no new inode number is needed since that
 * internally draws from another pool of inode numbers (currently global
 * get_next_ino()). This case is indicated by passing NULL as inop.
 */
#define SHMEM_INO_BATCH 1024
static int shmem_reserve_inode(struct super_block *sb, ino_t *inop)
{
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);
        ino_t ino;

        if (!(sb->s_flags & SB_KERNMOUNT)) {
                raw_spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                if (sbinfo->max_inodes) {
                        if (sbinfo->free_ispace < BOGO_INODE_SIZE) {
                                raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                                return -ENOSPC;
                        }
                        sbinfo->free_ispace -= BOGO_INODE_SIZE;
                }
                if (inop) {
                        ino = sbinfo->next_ino++;
                        if (unlikely(is_zero_ino(ino)))
                                ino = sbinfo->next_ino++;
                        if (unlikely(!sbinfo->full_inums &&
                                     ino > UINT_MAX)) {
                                /*
                                 * Emulate get_next_ino uint wraparound for
                                 * compatibility
                                 */
                                if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT))
                                        pr_warn("%s: inode number overflow on device %d, consider using inode64 mount option\n",
                                                __func__, MINOR(sb->s_dev));
                                sbinfo->next_ino = 1;
                                ino = sbinfo->next_ino++;
                        }
                        *inop = ino;
                }
                raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
        } else if (inop) {
                /*
                 * __shmem_file_setup, one of our callers, is lock-free: it
                 * doesn't hold stat_lock in shmem_reserve_inode since
                 * max_inodes is always 0, and is called from potentially
                 * unknown contexts. As such, use a per-cpu batched allocator
                 * which doesn't require the per-sb stat_lock unless we are at
                 * the batch boundary.
                 *
                 * We don't need to worry about inode{32,64} since SB_KERNMOUNT
                 * shmem mounts are not exposed to userspace, so we don't need
                 * to worry about things like glibc compatibility.
                 */
                ino_t *next_ino;

                next_ino = per_cpu_ptr(sbinfo->ino_batch, get_cpu());
                ino = *next_ino;
                if (unlikely(ino % SHMEM_INO_BATCH == 0)) {
                        raw_spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                        ino = sbinfo->next_ino;
                        sbinfo->next_ino += SHMEM_INO_BATCH;
                        raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                        if (unlikely(is_zero_ino(ino)))
                                ino++;
                }
                *inop = ino;
                *next_ino = ++ino;
                put_cpu();
        }

        return 0;
}

static void shmem_free_inode(struct super_block *sb, size_t freed_ispace)
{
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);
        if (sbinfo->max_inodes) {
                raw_spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                sbinfo->free_ispace += BOGO_INODE_SIZE + freed_ispace;
                raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
        }
}

/**
 * shmem_recalc_inode - recalculate the block usage of an inode
 * @inode: inode to recalc
 * @alloced: the change in number of pages allocated to inode
 * @swapped: the change in number of pages swapped from inode
 *
 * We have to calculate the free blocks since the mm can drop
 * undirtied hole pages behind our back.
 *
 * But normally   info->alloced == inode->i_mapping->nrpages + info->swapped
 * So mm freed is info->alloced - (inode->i_mapping->nrpages + info->swapped)
 *
 * Return: true if swapped was incremented from 0, for shmem_writeout().
 */
bool shmem_recalc_inode(struct inode *inode, long alloced, long swapped)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        bool first_swapped = false;
        long freed;

        spin_lock(&info->lock);
        info->alloced += alloced;
        info->swapped += swapped;
        freed = info->alloced - info->swapped -
                READ_ONCE(inode->i_mapping->nrpages);
        /*
         * Special case: whereas normally shmem_recalc_inode() is called
         * after i_mapping->nrpages has already been adjusted (up or down),
         * shmem_writeout() has to raise swapped before nrpages is lowered -
         * to stop a racing shmem_recalc_inode() from thinking that a page has
         * been freed.  Compensate here, to avoid the need for a followup call.
         */
        if (swapped > 0) {
                if (info->swapped == swapped)
                        first_swapped = true;
                freed += swapped;
        }
        if (freed > 0)
                info->alloced -= freed;
        spin_unlock(&info->lock);

        /* The quota case may block */
        if (freed > 0)
                shmem_inode_unacct_blocks(inode, freed);
        return first_swapped;
}

bool shmem_charge(struct inode *inode, long pages)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;

        if (shmem_inode_acct_blocks(inode, pages))
                return false;

        /* nrpages adjustment first, then shmem_recalc_inode() when balanced */
        xa_lock_irq(&mapping->i_pages);
        mapping->nrpages += pages;
        xa_unlock_irq(&mapping->i_pages);

        shmem_recalc_inode(inode, pages, 0);
        return true;
}

void shmem_uncharge(struct inode *inode, long pages)
{
        /* pages argument is currently unused: keep it to help debugging */
        /* nrpages adjustment done by __filemap_remove_folio() or caller */

        shmem_recalc_inode(inode, 0, 0);
}

/*
 * Replace item expected in xarray by a new item, while holding xa_lock.
 */
static int shmem_replace_entry(struct address_space *mapping,
                        pgoff_t index, void *expected, void *replacement)
{
        XA_STATE(xas, &mapping->i_pages, index);
        void *item;

        VM_BUG_ON(!expected);
        VM_BUG_ON(!replacement);
        item = xas_load(&xas);
        if (item != expected)
                return -ENOENT;
        xas_store(&xas, replacement);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Sometimes, before we decide whether to proceed or to fail, we must check
 * that an entry was not already brought back or split by a racing thread.
 *
 * Checking folio is not enough: by the time a swapcache folio is locked, it
 * might be reused, and again be swapcache, using the same swap as before.
 * Returns the swap entry's order if it still presents, else returns -1.
 */
static int shmem_confirm_swap(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t index,
                              swp_entry_t swap)
{
        XA_STATE(xas, &mapping->i_pages, index);
        int ret = -1;
        void *entry;

        rcu_read_lock();
        do {
                entry = xas_load(&xas);
                if (entry == swp_to_radix_entry(swap))
                        ret = xas_get_order(&xas);
        } while (xas_retry(&xas, entry));
        rcu_read_unlock();
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Definitions for "huge tmpfs": tmpfs mounted with the huge= option
 *
 * SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER:
 *      disables huge pages for the mount;
 * SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS:
 *      enables huge pages for the mount;
 * SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE:
 *      only allocate huge pages if the page will be fully within i_size,
 *      also respect madvise() hints;
 * SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE:
 *      only allocate huge pages if requested with madvise();
 */

#define SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER        0
#define SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS       1
#define SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE  2
#define SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE       3

/*
 * Special values.
 * Only can be set via /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/shmem_enabled:
 *
 * SHMEM_HUGE_DENY:
 *      disables huge on shm_mnt and all mounts, for emergency use;
 * SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE:
 *      enables huge on shm_mnt and all mounts, w/o needing option, for testing;
 *
 */
#define SHMEM_HUGE_DENY         (-1)
#define SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE        (-2)

#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
/* ifdef here to avoid bloating shmem.o when not necessary */

#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER)
#define SHMEM_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER
#elif defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS)
#define SHMEM_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS
#elif defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE)
#define SHMEM_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE
#elif defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE)
#define SHMEM_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE
#else
#define SHMEM_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER
#endif

static int shmem_huge __read_mostly = SHMEM_HUGE_DEFAULT;

#undef SHMEM_HUGE_DEFAULT

#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_TMPFS_HUGE_NEVER)
#define TMPFS_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER
#elif defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_TMPFS_HUGE_ALWAYS)
#define TMPFS_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS
#elif defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_TMPFS_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE)
#define TMPFS_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE
#elif defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_TMPFS_HUGE_ADVISE)
#define TMPFS_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE
#else
#define TMPFS_HUGE_DEFAULT SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER
#endif

static int tmpfs_huge __read_mostly = TMPFS_HUGE_DEFAULT;

#undef TMPFS_HUGE_DEFAULT

static unsigned int shmem_get_orders_within_size(struct inode *inode,
                unsigned long within_size_orders, pgoff_t index,
                loff_t write_end)
{
        pgoff_t aligned_index;
        unsigned long order;
        loff_t i_size;

        order = highest_order(within_size_orders);
        while (within_size_orders) {
                aligned_index = round_up(index + 1, 1 << order);
                i_size = max(write_end, i_size_read(inode));
                i_size = round_up(i_size, PAGE_SIZE);
                if (i_size >> PAGE_SHIFT >= aligned_index)
                        return within_size_orders;

                order = next_order(&within_size_orders, order);
        }

        return 0;
}

static unsigned int shmem_huge_global_enabled(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
                                              loff_t write_end, bool shmem_huge_force,
                                              struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                              vm_flags_t vm_flags)
{
        unsigned int maybe_pmd_order = HPAGE_PMD_ORDER > MAX_PAGECACHE_ORDER ?
                0 : BIT(HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
        unsigned long within_size_orders;

        if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                return 0;
        if (shmem_huge == SHMEM_HUGE_DENY)
                return 0;
        if (shmem_huge_force || shmem_huge == SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE)
                return maybe_pmd_order;

        /*
         * The huge order allocation for anon shmem is controlled through
         * the mTHP interface, so we still use PMD-sized huge order to
         * check whether global control is enabled.
         *
         * For tmpfs with 'huge=always' or 'huge=within_size' mount option,
         * we will always try PMD-sized order first. If that failed, it will
         * fall back to small large folios.
         */
        switch (SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb)->huge) {
        case SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS:
                return THP_ORDERS_ALL_FILE_DEFAULT;
        case SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE:
                within_size_orders = shmem_get_orders_within_size(inode,
                                THP_ORDERS_ALL_FILE_DEFAULT, index, write_end);
                if (within_size_orders > 0)
                        return within_size_orders;

                fallthrough;
        case SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE:
                if (vm_flags & VM_HUGEPAGE)
                        return THP_ORDERS_ALL_FILE_DEFAULT;
                fallthrough;
        default:
                return 0;
        }
}

static int shmem_parse_huge(const char *str)
{
        int huge;

        if (!str)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!strcmp(str, "never"))
                huge = SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER;
        else if (!strcmp(str, "always"))
                huge = SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS;
        else if (!strcmp(str, "within_size"))
                huge = SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE;
        else if (!strcmp(str, "advise"))
                huge = SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE;
        else if (!strcmp(str, "deny"))
                huge = SHMEM_HUGE_DENY;
        else if (!strcmp(str, "force"))
                huge = SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE;
        else
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!has_transparent_hugepage() &&
            huge != SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER && huge != SHMEM_HUGE_DENY)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* Do not override huge allocation policy with non-PMD sized mTHP */
        if (huge == SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE &&
            huge_shmem_orders_inherit != BIT(HPAGE_PMD_ORDER))
                return -EINVAL;

        return huge;
}

#if defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) || defined(CONFIG_TMPFS)
static const char *shmem_format_huge(int huge)
{
        switch (huge) {
        case SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER:
                return "never";
        case SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS:
                return "always";
        case SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE:
                return "within_size";
        case SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE:
                return "advise";
        case SHMEM_HUGE_DENY:
                return "deny";
        case SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE:
                return "force";
        default:
                VM_BUG_ON(1);
                return "bad_val";
        }
}
#endif

static unsigned long shmem_unused_huge_shrink(struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo,
                struct shrink_control *sc, unsigned long nr_to_free)
{
        LIST_HEAD(list), *pos, *next;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct shmem_inode_info *info;
        struct folio *folio;
        unsigned long batch = sc ? sc->nr_to_scan : 128;
        unsigned long split = 0, freed = 0;

        if (list_empty(&sbinfo->shrinklist))
                return SHRINK_STOP;

        spin_lock(&sbinfo->shrinklist_lock);
        list_for_each_safe(pos, next, &sbinfo->shrinklist) {
                info = list_entry(pos, struct shmem_inode_info, shrinklist);

                /* pin the inode */
                inode = igrab(&info->vfs_inode);

                /* inode is about to be evicted */
                if (!inode) {
                        list_del_init(&info->shrinklist);
                        goto next;
                }

                list_move(&info->shrinklist, &list);
next:
                sbinfo->shrinklist_len--;
                if (!--batch)
                        break;
        }
        spin_unlock(&sbinfo->shrinklist_lock);

        list_for_each_safe(pos, next, &list) {
                pgoff_t next, end;
                loff_t i_size;
                int ret;

                info = list_entry(pos, struct shmem_inode_info, shrinklist);
                inode = &info->vfs_inode;

                if (nr_to_free && freed >= nr_to_free)
                        goto move_back;

                i_size = i_size_read(inode);
                folio = filemap_get_entry(inode->i_mapping, i_size / PAGE_SIZE);
                if (!folio || xa_is_value(folio))
                        goto drop;

                /* No large folio at the end of the file: nothing to split */
                if (!folio_test_large(folio)) {
                        folio_put(folio);
                        goto drop;
                }

                /* Check if there is anything to gain from splitting */
                next = folio_next_index(folio);
                end = shmem_fallocend(inode, DIV_ROUND_UP(i_size, PAGE_SIZE));
                if (end <= folio->index || end >= next) {
                        folio_put(folio);
                        goto drop;
                }

                /*
                 * Move the inode on the list back to shrinklist if we failed
                 * to lock the page at this time.
                 *
                 * Waiting for the lock may lead to deadlock in the
                 * reclaim path.
                 */
                if (!folio_trylock(folio)) {
                        folio_put(folio);
                        goto move_back;
                }

                ret = split_folio(folio);
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);

                /* If split failed move the inode on the list back to shrinklist */
                if (ret)
                        goto move_back;

                freed += next - end;
                split++;
drop:
                list_del_init(&info->shrinklist);
                goto put;
move_back:
                /*
                 * Make sure the inode is either on the global list or deleted
                 * from any local list before iput() since it could be deleted
                 * in another thread once we put the inode (then the local list
                 * is corrupted).
                 */
                spin_lock(&sbinfo->shrinklist_lock);
                list_move(&info->shrinklist, &sbinfo->shrinklist);
                sbinfo->shrinklist_len++;
                spin_unlock(&sbinfo->shrinklist_lock);
put:
                iput(inode);
        }

        return split;
}

static long shmem_unused_huge_scan(struct super_block *sb,
                struct shrink_control *sc)
{
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);

        if (!READ_ONCE(sbinfo->shrinklist_len))
                return SHRINK_STOP;

        return shmem_unused_huge_shrink(sbinfo, sc, 0);
}

static long shmem_unused_huge_count(struct super_block *sb,
                struct shrink_control *sc)
{
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);
        return READ_ONCE(sbinfo->shrinklist_len);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */

#define shmem_huge SHMEM_HUGE_DENY

static unsigned long shmem_unused_huge_shrink(struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo,
                struct shrink_control *sc, unsigned long nr_to_free)
{
        return 0;
}

static unsigned int shmem_huge_global_enabled(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
                                              loff_t write_end, bool shmem_huge_force,
                                              struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                              vm_flags_t vm_flags)
{
        return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */

static void shmem_update_stats(struct folio *folio, int nr_pages)
{
        if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio))
                lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_SHMEM_THPS, nr_pages);
        lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_FILE_PAGES, nr_pages);
        lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_SHMEM, nr_pages);
}

/*
 * Somewhat like filemap_add_folio, but error if expected item has gone.
 */
int shmem_add_to_page_cache(struct folio *folio,
                            struct address_space *mapping,
                            pgoff_t index, void *expected, gfp_t gfp)
{
        XA_STATE_ORDER(xas, &mapping->i_pages, index, folio_order(folio));
        unsigned long nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
        swp_entry_t iter, swap;
        void *entry;

        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(index != round_down(index, nr), folio);
        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_swapbacked(folio), folio);

        folio_ref_add(folio, nr);
        folio->mapping = mapping;
        folio->index = index;

        gfp &= GFP_RECLAIM_MASK;
        folio_throttle_swaprate(folio, gfp);
        swap = radix_to_swp_entry(expected);

        do {
                iter = swap;
                xas_lock_irq(&xas);
                xas_for_each_conflict(&xas, entry) {
                        /*
                         * The range must either be empty, or filled with
                         * expected swap entries. Shmem swap entries are never
                         * partially freed without split of both entry and
                         * folio, so there shouldn't be any holes.
                         */
                        if (!expected || entry != swp_to_radix_entry(iter)) {
                                xas_set_err(&xas, -EEXIST);
                                goto unlock;
                        }
                        iter.val += 1 << xas_get_order(&xas);
                }
                if (expected && iter.val - nr != swap.val) {
                        xas_set_err(&xas, -EEXIST);
                        goto unlock;
                }
                xas_store(&xas, folio);
                if (xas_error(&xas))
                        goto unlock;
                shmem_update_stats(folio, nr);
                mapping->nrpages += nr;
unlock:
                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
        } while (xas_nomem(&xas, gfp));

        if (xas_error(&xas)) {
                folio->mapping = NULL;
                folio_ref_sub(folio, nr);
                return xas_error(&xas);
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Somewhat like filemap_remove_folio, but substitutes swap for @folio.
 */
static void shmem_delete_from_page_cache(struct folio *folio, void *radswap)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping;
        long nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);
        int error;

        xa_lock_irq(&mapping->i_pages);
        error = shmem_replace_entry(mapping, folio->index, folio, radswap);
        folio->mapping = NULL;
        mapping->nrpages -= nr;
        shmem_update_stats(folio, -nr);
        xa_unlock_irq(&mapping->i_pages);
        folio_put_refs(folio, nr);
        BUG_ON(error);
}

/*
 * Remove swap entry from page cache, free the swap and its page cache. Returns
 * the number of pages being freed. 0 means entry not found in XArray (0 pages
 * being freed).
 */
static long shmem_free_swap(struct address_space *mapping,
                            pgoff_t index, pgoff_t end, void *radswap)
{
        XA_STATE(xas, &mapping->i_pages, index);
        unsigned int nr_pages = 0;
        pgoff_t base;
        void *entry;

        xas_lock_irq(&xas);
        entry = xas_load(&xas);
        if (entry == radswap) {
                nr_pages = 1 << xas_get_order(&xas);
                base = round_down(xas.xa_index, nr_pages);
                if (base < index || base + nr_pages - 1 > end)
                        nr_pages = 0;
                else
                        xas_store(&xas, NULL);
        }
        xas_unlock_irq(&xas);

        if (nr_pages)
                swap_put_entries_direct(radix_to_swp_entry(radswap), nr_pages);

        return nr_pages;
}

/*
 * Determine (in bytes) how many of the shmem object's pages mapped by the
 * given offsets are swapped out.
 *
 * This is safe to call without i_rwsem or the i_pages lock thanks to RCU,
 * as long as the inode doesn't go away and racy results are not a problem.
 */
unsigned long shmem_partial_swap_usage(struct address_space *mapping,
                                                pgoff_t start, pgoff_t end)
{
        XA_STATE(xas, &mapping->i_pages, start);
        struct folio *folio;
        unsigned long swapped = 0;
        unsigned long max = end - 1;

        rcu_read_lock();
        xas_for_each(&xas, folio, max) {
                if (xas_retry(&xas, folio))
                        continue;
                if (xa_is_value(folio))
                        swapped += 1 << xas_get_order(&xas);
                if (xas.xa_index == max)
                        break;
                if (need_resched()) {
                        xas_pause(&xas);
                        cond_resched_rcu();
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        return swapped << PAGE_SHIFT;
}

/*
 * Determine (in bytes) how many of the shmem object's pages mapped by the
 * given vma is swapped out.
 *
 * This is safe to call without i_rwsem or the i_pages lock thanks to RCU,
 * as long as the inode doesn't go away and racy results are not a problem.
 */
unsigned long shmem_swap_usage(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        unsigned long swapped;

        /* Be careful as we don't hold info->lock */
        swapped = READ_ONCE(info->swapped);

        /*
         * The easier cases are when the shmem object has nothing in swap, or
         * the vma maps it whole. Then we can simply use the stats that we
         * already track.
         */
        if (!swapped)
                return 0;

        if (!vma->vm_pgoff && vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start >= inode->i_size)
                return swapped << PAGE_SHIFT;

        /* Here comes the more involved part */
        return shmem_partial_swap_usage(mapping, vma->vm_pgoff,
                                        vma->vm_pgoff + vma_pages(vma));
}

/*
 * SysV IPC SHM_UNLOCK restore Unevictable pages to their evictable lists.
 */
void shmem_unlock_mapping(struct address_space *mapping)
{
        struct folio_batch fbatch;
        pgoff_t index = 0;

        folio_batch_init(&fbatch);
        /*
         * Minor point, but we might as well stop if someone else SHM_LOCKs it.
         */
        while (!mapping_unevictable(mapping) &&
               filemap_get_folios(mapping, &index, ~0UL, &fbatch)) {
                check_move_unevictable_folios(&fbatch);
                folio_batch_release(&fbatch);
                cond_resched();
        }
}

static struct folio *shmem_get_partial_folio(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index)
{
        struct folio *folio;

        /*
         * At first avoid shmem_get_folio(,,,SGP_READ): that fails
         * beyond i_size, and reports fallocated folios as holes.
         */
        folio = filemap_get_entry(inode->i_mapping, index);
        if (!folio)
                return folio;
        if (!xa_is_value(folio)) {
                folio_lock(folio);
                if (folio->mapping == inode->i_mapping)
                        return folio;
                /* The folio has been swapped out */
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
        }
        /*
         * But read a folio back from swap if any of it is within i_size
         * (although in some cases this is just a waste of time).
         */
        folio = NULL;
        shmem_get_folio(inode, index, 0, &folio, SGP_READ);
        return folio;
}

/*
 * Remove range of pages and swap entries from page cache, and free them.
 * If !unfalloc, truncate or punch hole; if unfalloc, undo failed fallocate.
 */
static void shmem_undo_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart, uoff_t lend,
                                                                 bool unfalloc)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        pgoff_t start = (lstart + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        pgoff_t end = (lend + 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        struct folio_batch fbatch;
        pgoff_t indices[PAGEVEC_SIZE];
        struct folio *folio;
        bool same_folio;
        long nr_swaps_freed = 0;
        pgoff_t index;
        int i;

        if (lend == -1)
                end = -1;       /* unsigned, so actually very big */

        if (info->fallocend > start && info->fallocend <= end && !unfalloc)
                info->fallocend = start;

        folio_batch_init(&fbatch);
        index = start;
        while (index < end && find_lock_entries(mapping, &index, end - 1,
                        &fbatch, indices)) {
                for (i = 0; i < folio_batch_count(&fbatch); i++) {
                        folio = fbatch.folios[i];

                        if (xa_is_value(folio)) {
                                if (unfalloc)
                                        continue;
                                nr_swaps_freed += shmem_free_swap(mapping, indices[i],
                                                                  end - 1, folio);
                                continue;
                        }

                        if (!unfalloc || !folio_test_uptodate(folio))
                                truncate_inode_folio(mapping, folio);
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                }
                folio_batch_remove_exceptionals(&fbatch);
                folio_batch_release(&fbatch);
                cond_resched();
        }

        /*
         * When undoing a failed fallocate, we want none of the partial folio
         * zeroing and splitting below, but shall want to truncate the whole
         * folio when !uptodate indicates that it was added by this fallocate,
         * even when [lstart, lend] covers only a part of the folio.
         */
        if (unfalloc)
                goto whole_folios;

        same_folio = (lstart >> PAGE_SHIFT) == (lend >> PAGE_SHIFT);
        folio = shmem_get_partial_folio(inode, lstart >> PAGE_SHIFT);
        if (folio) {
                same_folio = lend < folio_next_pos(folio);
                folio_mark_dirty(folio);
                if (!truncate_inode_partial_folio(folio, lstart, lend)) {
                        start = folio_next_index(folio);
                        if (same_folio)
                                end = folio->index;
                }
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
                folio = NULL;
        }

        if (!same_folio)
                folio = shmem_get_partial_folio(inode, lend >> PAGE_SHIFT);
        if (folio) {
                folio_mark_dirty(folio);
                if (!truncate_inode_partial_folio(folio, lstart, lend))
                        end = folio->index;
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
        }

whole_folios:

        index = start;
        while (index < end) {
                cond_resched();

                if (!find_get_entries(mapping, &index, end - 1, &fbatch,
                                indices)) {
                        /* If all gone or hole-punch or unfalloc, we're done */
                        if (index == start || end != -1)
                                break;
                        /* But if truncating, restart to make sure all gone */
                        index = start;
                        continue;
                }
                for (i = 0; i < folio_batch_count(&fbatch); i++) {
                        folio = fbatch.folios[i];

                        if (xa_is_value(folio)) {
                                int order;
                                long swaps_freed;

                                if (unfalloc)
                                        continue;
                                swaps_freed = shmem_free_swap(mapping, indices[i],
                                                              end - 1, folio);
                                if (!swaps_freed) {
                                        pgoff_t base = indices[i];

                                        order = shmem_confirm_swap(mapping, indices[i],
                                                                   radix_to_swp_entry(folio));
                                        /*
                                         * If found a large swap entry cross the end or start
                                         * border, skip it as the truncate_inode_partial_folio
                                         * above should have at least zerod its content once.
                                         */
                                        if (order > 0) {
                                                base = round_down(base, 1 << order);
                                                if (base < start || base + (1 << order) > end)
                                                        continue;
                                        }
                                        /* Swap was replaced by page or extended, retry */
                                        index = base;
                                        break;
                                }
                                nr_swaps_freed += swaps_freed;
                                continue;
                        }

                        folio_lock(folio);

                        if (!unfalloc || !folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                                if (folio_mapping(folio) != mapping) {
                                        /* Page was replaced by swap: retry */
                                        folio_unlock(folio);
                                        index = indices[i];
                                        break;
                                }
                                VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_writeback(folio),
                                                folio);

                                if (!folio_test_large(folio)) {
                                        truncate_inode_folio(mapping, folio);
                                } else if (truncate_inode_partial_folio(folio, lstart, lend)) {
                                        /*
                                         * If we split a page, reset the loop so
                                         * that we pick up the new sub pages.
                                         * Otherwise the THP was entirely
                                         * dropped or the target range was
                                         * zeroed, so just continue the loop as
                                         * is.
                                         */
                                        if (!folio_test_large(folio)) {
                                                folio_unlock(folio);
                                                index = start;
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                }
                folio_batch_remove_exceptionals(&fbatch);
                folio_batch_release(&fbatch);
        }

        shmem_recalc_inode(inode, 0, -nr_swaps_freed);
}

void shmem_truncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart, uoff_t lend)
{
        shmem_undo_range(inode, lstart, lend, false);
        inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, inode_set_ctime_current(inode));
        inode_inc_iversion(inode);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_truncate_range);

static int shmem_getattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                         const struct path *path, struct kstat *stat,
                         u32 request_mask, unsigned int query_flags)
{
        struct inode *inode = path->dentry->d_inode;
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);

        if (info->alloced - info->swapped != inode->i_mapping->nrpages)
                shmem_recalc_inode(inode, 0, 0);

        if (info->fsflags & FS_APPEND_FL)
                stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_APPEND;
        if (info->fsflags & FS_IMMUTABLE_FL)
                stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE;
        if (info->fsflags & FS_NODUMP_FL)
                stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_NODUMP;
        stat->attributes_mask |= (STATX_ATTR_APPEND |
                        STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE |
                        STATX_ATTR_NODUMP);
        generic_fillattr(idmap, request_mask, inode, stat);

        if (shmem_huge_global_enabled(inode, 0, 0, false, NULL, 0))
                stat->blksize = HPAGE_PMD_SIZE;

        if (request_mask & STATX_BTIME) {
                stat->result_mask |= STATX_BTIME;
                stat->btime.tv_sec = info->i_crtime.tv_sec;
                stat->btime.tv_nsec = info->i_crtime.tv_nsec;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int shmem_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                         struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
{
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        int error;
        bool update_mtime = false;
        bool update_ctime = true;

        error = setattr_prepare(idmap, dentry, attr);
        if (error)
                return error;

        if ((info->seals & F_SEAL_EXEC) && (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE)) {
                if ((inode->i_mode ^ attr->ia_mode) & 0111) {
                        return -EPERM;
                }
        }

        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE)) {
                loff_t oldsize = inode->i_size;
                loff_t newsize = attr->ia_size;

                /* protected by i_rwsem */
                if ((newsize < oldsize && (info->seals & F_SEAL_SHRINK)) ||
                    (newsize > oldsize && (info->seals & F_SEAL_GROW)))
                        return -EPERM;

                if (newsize != oldsize) {
                        if (info->flags & SHMEM_F_MAPPING_FROZEN)
                                return -EPERM;
                        error = shmem_reacct_size(SHMEM_I(inode)->flags,
                                        oldsize, newsize);
                        if (error)
                                return error;
                        i_size_write(inode, newsize);
                        update_mtime = true;
                } else {
                        update_ctime = false;
                }
                if (newsize <= oldsize) {
                        loff_t holebegin = round_up(newsize, PAGE_SIZE);
                        if (oldsize > holebegin)
                                unmap_mapping_range(inode->i_mapping,
                                                        holebegin, 0, 1);
                        if (info->alloced)
                                shmem_truncate_range(inode,
                                                        newsize, (loff_t)-1);
                        /* unmap again to remove racily COWed private pages */
                        if (oldsize > holebegin)
                                unmap_mapping_range(inode->i_mapping,
                                                        holebegin, 0, 1);
                }
        }

        if (is_quota_modification(idmap, inode, attr)) {
                error = dquot_initialize(inode);
                if (error)
                        return error;
        }

        /* Transfer quota accounting */
        if (i_uid_needs_update(idmap, attr, inode) ||
            i_gid_needs_update(idmap, attr, inode)) {
                error = dquot_transfer(idmap, inode, attr);
                if (error)
                        return error;
        }

        setattr_copy(idmap, inode, attr);
        if (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE)
                error = posix_acl_chmod(idmap, dentry, inode->i_mode);
        if (!error && update_ctime) {
                inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
                if (update_mtime)
                        inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, inode_get_ctime(inode));
                inode_inc_iversion(inode);
        }
        return error;
}

static void shmem_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
        size_t freed = 0;

        if (shmem_mapping(inode->i_mapping)) {
                shmem_unacct_size(info->flags, inode->i_size);
                inode->i_size = 0;
                mapping_set_exiting(inode->i_mapping);
                shmem_truncate_range(inode, 0, (loff_t)-1);
                if (!list_empty(&info->shrinklist)) {
                        spin_lock(&sbinfo->shrinklist_lock);
                        if (!list_empty(&info->shrinklist)) {
                                list_del_init(&info->shrinklist);
                                sbinfo->shrinklist_len--;
                        }
                        spin_unlock(&sbinfo->shrinklist_lock);
                }
                while (!list_empty(&info->swaplist)) {
                        /* Wait while shmem_unuse() is scanning this inode... */
                        wait_var_event(&info->stop_eviction,
                                       !atomic_read(&info->stop_eviction));
                        spin_lock(&shmem_swaplist_lock);
                        /* ...but beware of the race if we peeked too early */
                        if (!atomic_read(&info->stop_eviction))
                                list_del_init(&info->swaplist);
                        spin_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_lock);
                }
        }

        simple_xattrs_free(&info->xattrs, sbinfo->max_inodes ? &freed : NULL);
        shmem_free_inode(inode->i_sb, freed);
        WARN_ON(inode->i_blocks);
        clear_inode(inode);
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
        dquot_free_inode(inode);
        dquot_drop(inode);
#endif
}

static unsigned int shmem_find_swap_entries(struct address_space *mapping,
                                pgoff_t start, struct folio_batch *fbatch,
                                pgoff_t *indices, unsigned int type)
{
        XA_STATE(xas, &mapping->i_pages, start);
        struct folio *folio;
        swp_entry_t entry;

        rcu_read_lock();
        xas_for_each(&xas, folio, ULONG_MAX) {
                if (xas_retry(&xas, folio))
                        continue;

                if (!xa_is_value(folio))
                        continue;

                entry = radix_to_swp_entry(folio);
                /*
                 * swapin error entries can be found in the mapping. But they're
                 * deliberately ignored here as we've done everything we can do.
                 */
                if (swp_type(entry) != type)
                        continue;

                indices[folio_batch_count(fbatch)] = xas.xa_index;
                if (!folio_batch_add(fbatch, folio))
                        break;

                if (need_resched()) {
                        xas_pause(&xas);
                        cond_resched_rcu();
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        return folio_batch_count(fbatch);
}

/*
 * Move the swapped pages for an inode to page cache. Returns the count
 * of pages swapped in, or the error in case of failure.
 */
static int shmem_unuse_swap_entries(struct inode *inode,
                struct folio_batch *fbatch, pgoff_t *indices)
{
        int i = 0;
        int ret = 0;
        int error = 0;
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;

        for (i = 0; i < folio_batch_count(fbatch); i++) {
                struct folio *folio = fbatch->folios[i];

                error = shmem_swapin_folio(inode, indices[i], &folio, SGP_CACHE,
                                        mapping_gfp_mask(mapping), NULL, NULL);
                if (error == 0) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                        folio_put(folio);
                        ret++;
                }
                if (error == -ENOMEM)
                        break;
                error = 0;
        }
        return error ? error : ret;
}

/*
 * If swap found in inode, free it and move page from swapcache to filecache.
 */
static int shmem_unuse_inode(struct inode *inode, unsigned int type)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        pgoff_t start = 0;
        struct folio_batch fbatch;
        pgoff_t indices[PAGEVEC_SIZE];
        int ret = 0;

        do {
                folio_batch_init(&fbatch);
                if (!shmem_find_swap_entries(mapping, start, &fbatch,
                                             indices, type)) {
                        ret = 0;
                        break;
                }

                ret = shmem_unuse_swap_entries(inode, &fbatch, indices);
                if (ret < 0)
                        break;

                start = indices[folio_batch_count(&fbatch) - 1];
        } while (true);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * Read all the shared memory data that resides in the swap
 * device 'type' back into memory, so the swap device can be
 * unused.
 */
int shmem_unuse(unsigned int type)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info, *next;
        int error = 0;

        if (list_empty(&shmem_swaplist))
                return 0;

        spin_lock(&shmem_swaplist_lock);
start_over:
        list_for_each_entry_safe(info, next, &shmem_swaplist, swaplist) {
                if (!info->swapped) {
                        list_del_init(&info->swaplist);
                        continue;
                }
                /*
                 * Drop the swaplist mutex while searching the inode for swap;
                 * but before doing so, make sure shmem_evict_inode() will not
                 * remove placeholder inode from swaplist, nor let it be freed
                 * (igrab() would protect from unlink, but not from unmount).
                 */
                atomic_inc(&info->stop_eviction);
                spin_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_lock);

                error = shmem_unuse_inode(&info->vfs_inode, type);
                cond_resched();

                spin_lock(&shmem_swaplist_lock);
                if (atomic_dec_and_test(&info->stop_eviction))
                        wake_up_var(&info->stop_eviction);
                if (error)
                        break;
                if (list_empty(&info->swaplist))
                        goto start_over;
                next = list_next_entry(info, swaplist);
                if (!info->swapped)
                        list_del_init(&info->swaplist);
        }
        spin_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_lock);

        return error;
}

/**
 * shmem_writeout - Write the folio to swap
 * @folio: The folio to write
 * @plug: swap plug
 * @folio_list: list to put back folios on split
 *
 * Move the folio from the page cache to the swap cache.
 */
int shmem_writeout(struct folio *folio, struct swap_iocb **plug,
                struct list_head *folio_list)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping;
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
        pgoff_t index;
        int nr_pages;
        bool split = false;

        if ((info->flags & SHMEM_F_LOCKED) || sbinfo->noswap)
                goto redirty;

        if (!total_swap_pages)
                goto redirty;

        /*
         * If CONFIG_THP_SWAP is not enabled, the large folio should be
         * split when swapping.
         *
         * And shrinkage of pages beyond i_size does not split swap, so
         * swapout of a large folio crossing i_size needs to split too
         * (unless fallocate has been used to preallocate beyond EOF).
         */
        if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
                index = shmem_fallocend(inode,
                        DIV_ROUND_UP(i_size_read(inode), PAGE_SIZE));
                if ((index > folio->index && index < folio_next_index(folio)) ||
                    !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_THP_SWAP))
                        split = true;
        }

        if (split) {
                int order;

try_split:
                order = folio_order(folio);
                /* Ensure the subpages are still dirty */
                folio_test_set_dirty(folio);
                if (split_folio_to_list(folio, folio_list))
                        goto redirty;

#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
                if (order >= HPAGE_PMD_ORDER) {
                        count_memcg_folio_events(folio, THP_SWPOUT_FALLBACK, 1);
                        count_vm_event(THP_SWPOUT_FALLBACK);
                }
#endif
                count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_SWPOUT_FALLBACK);

                folio_clear_dirty(folio);
        }

        index = folio->index;
        nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);

        /*
         * This is somewhat ridiculous, but without plumbing a SWAP_MAP_FALLOC
         * value into swapfile.c, the only way we can correctly account for a
         * fallocated folio arriving here is now to initialize it and write it.
         *
         * That's okay for a folio already fallocated earlier, but if we have
         * not yet completed the fallocation, then (a) we want to keep track
         * of this folio in case we have to undo it, and (b) it may not be a
         * good idea to continue anyway, once we're pushing into swap.  So
         * reactivate the folio, and let shmem_fallocate() quit when too many.
         */
        if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                if (inode->i_private) {
                        struct shmem_falloc *shmem_falloc;
                        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
                        shmem_falloc = inode->i_private;
                        if (shmem_falloc &&
                            !shmem_falloc->waitq &&
                            index >= shmem_falloc->start &&
                            index < shmem_falloc->next)
                                shmem_falloc->nr_unswapped += nr_pages;
                        else
                                shmem_falloc = NULL;
                        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
                        if (shmem_falloc)
                                goto redirty;
                }
                folio_zero_range(folio, 0, folio_size(folio));
                flush_dcache_folio(folio);
                folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
        }

        if (!folio_alloc_swap(folio)) {
                bool first_swapped = shmem_recalc_inode(inode, 0, nr_pages);
                int error;

                /*
                 * Add inode to shmem_unuse()'s list of swapped-out inodes,
                 * if it's not already there.  Do it now before the folio is
                 * removed from page cache, when its pagelock no longer
                 * protects the inode from eviction.  And do it now, after
                 * we've incremented swapped, because shmem_unuse() will
                 * prune a !swapped inode from the swaplist.
                 */
                if (first_swapped) {
                        spin_lock(&shmem_swaplist_lock);
                        if (list_empty(&info->swaplist))
                                list_add(&info->swaplist, &shmem_swaplist);
                        spin_unlock(&shmem_swaplist_lock);
                }

                folio_dup_swap(folio, NULL);
                shmem_delete_from_page_cache(folio, swp_to_radix_entry(folio->swap));

                BUG_ON(folio_mapped(folio));
                error = swap_writeout(folio, plug);
                if (error != AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE) {
                        /* folio has been unlocked */
                        return error;
                }

                /*
                 * The intention here is to avoid holding on to the swap when
                 * zswap was unable to compress and unable to writeback; but
                 * it will be appropriate if other reactivate cases are added.
                 */
                error = shmem_add_to_page_cache(folio, mapping, index,
                                swp_to_radix_entry(folio->swap),
                                __GFP_HIGH | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN);
                /* Swap entry might be erased by racing shmem_free_swap() */
                if (!error) {
                        shmem_recalc_inode(inode, 0, -nr_pages);
                        folio_put_swap(folio, NULL);
                }

                /*
                 * The swap_cache_del_folio() below could be left for
                 * shrink_folio_list()'s folio_free_swap() to dispose of;
                 * but I'm a little nervous about letting this folio out of
                 * shmem_writeout() in a hybrid half-tmpfs-half-swap state
                 * e.g. folio_mapping(folio) might give an unexpected answer.
                 */
                swap_cache_del_folio(folio);
                goto redirty;
        }
        if (nr_pages > 1)
                goto try_split;
redirty:
        folio_mark_dirty(folio);
        return AOP_WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE;  /* Return with folio locked */
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_writeout);

#if defined(CONFIG_NUMA) && defined(CONFIG_TMPFS)
static void shmem_show_mpol(struct seq_file *seq, struct mempolicy *mpol)
{
        char buffer[64];

        if (!mpol || mpol->mode == MPOL_DEFAULT)
                return;         /* show nothing */

        mpol_to_str(buffer, sizeof(buffer), mpol);

        seq_printf(seq, ",mpol=%s", buffer);
}

static struct mempolicy *shmem_get_sbmpol(struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo)
{
        struct mempolicy *mpol = NULL;
        if (sbinfo->mpol) {
                raw_spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);      /* prevent replace/use races */
                mpol = sbinfo->mpol;
                mpol_get(mpol);
                raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
        }
        return mpol;
}
#else /* !CONFIG_NUMA || !CONFIG_TMPFS */
static inline void shmem_show_mpol(struct seq_file *seq, struct mempolicy *mpol)
{
}
static inline struct mempolicy *shmem_get_sbmpol(struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo)
{
        return NULL;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA && CONFIG_TMPFS */

static struct mempolicy *shmem_get_pgoff_policy(struct shmem_inode_info *info,
                        pgoff_t index, unsigned int order, pgoff_t *ilx);

static struct folio *shmem_swapin_cluster(swp_entry_t swap, gfp_t gfp,
                        struct shmem_inode_info *info, pgoff_t index)
{
        struct mempolicy *mpol;
        pgoff_t ilx;
        struct folio *folio;

        mpol = shmem_get_pgoff_policy(info, index, 0, &ilx);
        folio = swap_cluster_readahead(swap, gfp, mpol, ilx);
        mpol_cond_put(mpol);

        return folio;
}

/*
 * Make sure huge_gfp is always more limited than limit_gfp.
 * Some of the flags set permissions, while others set limitations.
 */
static gfp_t limit_gfp_mask(gfp_t huge_gfp, gfp_t limit_gfp)
{
        gfp_t allowflags = __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | __GFP_RECLAIM;
        gfp_t denyflags = __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_NORETRY;
        gfp_t zoneflags = limit_gfp & GFP_ZONEMASK;
        gfp_t result = huge_gfp & ~(allowflags | GFP_ZONEMASK);

        /* Allow allocations only from the originally specified zones. */
        result |= zoneflags;

        /*
         * Minimize the result gfp by taking the union with the deny flags,
         * and the intersection of the allow flags.
         */
        result |= (limit_gfp & denyflags);
        result |= (huge_gfp & limit_gfp) & allowflags;

        return result;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
bool shmem_hpage_pmd_enabled(void)
{
        if (shmem_huge == SHMEM_HUGE_DENY)
                return false;
        if (test_bit(HPAGE_PMD_ORDER, &huge_shmem_orders_always))
                return true;
        if (test_bit(HPAGE_PMD_ORDER, &huge_shmem_orders_madvise))
                return true;
        if (test_bit(HPAGE_PMD_ORDER, &huge_shmem_orders_within_size))
                return true;
        if (test_bit(HPAGE_PMD_ORDER, &huge_shmem_orders_inherit) &&
            shmem_huge != SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER)
                return true;

        return false;
}

unsigned long shmem_allowable_huge_orders(struct inode *inode,
                                struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgoff_t index,
                                loff_t write_end, bool shmem_huge_force)
{
        unsigned long mask = READ_ONCE(huge_shmem_orders_always);
        unsigned long within_size_orders = READ_ONCE(huge_shmem_orders_within_size);
        vm_flags_t vm_flags = vma ? vma->vm_flags : 0;
        unsigned int global_orders;

        if (thp_disabled_by_hw() || (vma && vma_thp_disabled(vma, vm_flags, shmem_huge_force)))
                return 0;

        global_orders = shmem_huge_global_enabled(inode, index, write_end,
                                                  shmem_huge_force, vma, vm_flags);
        /* Tmpfs huge pages allocation */
        if (!vma || !vma_is_anon_shmem(vma))
                return global_orders;

        /*
         * Following the 'deny' semantics of the top level, force the huge
         * option off from all mounts.
         */
        if (shmem_huge == SHMEM_HUGE_DENY)
                return 0;

        /*
         * Only allow inherit orders if the top-level value is 'force', which
         * means non-PMD sized THP can not override 'huge' mount option now.
         */
        if (shmem_huge == SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE)
                return READ_ONCE(huge_shmem_orders_inherit);

        /* Allow mTHP that will be fully within i_size. */
        mask |= shmem_get_orders_within_size(inode, within_size_orders, index, 0);

        if (vm_flags & VM_HUGEPAGE)
                mask |= READ_ONCE(huge_shmem_orders_madvise);

        if (global_orders > 0)
                mask |= READ_ONCE(huge_shmem_orders_inherit);

        return THP_ORDERS_ALL_FILE_DEFAULT & mask;
}

static unsigned long shmem_suitable_orders(struct inode *inode, struct vm_fault *vmf,
                                           struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t index,
                                           unsigned long orders)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf ? vmf->vma : NULL;
        pgoff_t aligned_index;
        unsigned long pages;
        int order;

        if (vma) {
                orders = thp_vma_suitable_orders(vma, vmf->address, orders);
                if (!orders)
                        return 0;
        }

        /* Find the highest order that can add into the page cache */
        order = highest_order(orders);
        while (orders) {
                pages = 1UL << order;
                aligned_index = round_down(index, pages);
                /*
                 * Check for conflict before waiting on a huge allocation.
                 * Conflict might be that a huge page has just been allocated
                 * and added to page cache by a racing thread, or that there
                 * is already at least one small page in the huge extent.
                 * Be careful to retry when appropriate, but not forever!
                 * Elsewhere -EEXIST would be the right code, but not here.
                 */
                if (!xa_find(&mapping->i_pages, &aligned_index,
                             aligned_index + pages - 1, XA_PRESENT))
                        break;
                order = next_order(&orders, order);
        }

        return orders;
}
#else
static unsigned long shmem_suitable_orders(struct inode *inode, struct vm_fault *vmf,
                                           struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t index,
                                           unsigned long orders)
{
        return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */

static struct folio *shmem_alloc_folio(gfp_t gfp, int order,
                struct shmem_inode_info *info, pgoff_t index)
{
        struct mempolicy *mpol;
        pgoff_t ilx;
        struct folio *folio;

        mpol = shmem_get_pgoff_policy(info, index, order, &ilx);
        folio = folio_alloc_mpol(gfp, order, mpol, ilx, numa_node_id());
        mpol_cond_put(mpol);

        return folio;
}

static struct folio *shmem_alloc_and_add_folio(struct vm_fault *vmf,
                gfp_t gfp, struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
                struct mm_struct *fault_mm, unsigned long orders)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        unsigned long suitable_orders = 0;
        struct folio *folio = NULL;
        pgoff_t aligned_index;
        long pages;
        int error, order;

        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE))
                orders = 0;

        if (orders > 0) {
                suitable_orders = shmem_suitable_orders(inode, vmf,
                                                        mapping, index, orders);

                order = highest_order(suitable_orders);
                while (suitable_orders) {
                        pages = 1UL << order;
                        aligned_index = round_down(index, pages);
                        folio = shmem_alloc_folio(gfp, order, info, aligned_index);
                        if (folio) {
                                index = aligned_index;
                                goto allocated;
                        }

                        if (pages == HPAGE_PMD_NR)
                                count_vm_event(THP_FILE_FALLBACK);
                        count_mthp_stat(order, MTHP_STAT_SHMEM_FALLBACK);
                        order = next_order(&suitable_orders, order);
                }
        } else {
                pages = 1;
                folio = shmem_alloc_folio(gfp, 0, info, index);
        }
        if (!folio)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

allocated:
        __folio_set_locked(folio);
        __folio_set_swapbacked(folio);

        gfp &= GFP_RECLAIM_MASK;
        error = mem_cgroup_charge(folio, fault_mm, gfp);
        if (error) {
                if (xa_find(&mapping->i_pages, &index,
                                index + pages - 1, XA_PRESENT)) {
                        error = -EEXIST;
                } else if (pages > 1) {
                        if (pages == HPAGE_PMD_NR) {
                                count_vm_event(THP_FILE_FALLBACK);
                                count_vm_event(THP_FILE_FALLBACK_CHARGE);
                        }
                        count_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_SHMEM_FALLBACK);
                        count_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_SHMEM_FALLBACK_CHARGE);
                }
                goto unlock;
        }

        error = shmem_add_to_page_cache(folio, mapping, index, NULL, gfp);
        if (error)
                goto unlock;

        error = shmem_inode_acct_blocks(inode, pages);
        if (error) {
                struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
                long freed;
                /*
                 * Try to reclaim some space by splitting a few
                 * large folios beyond i_size on the filesystem.
                 */
                shmem_unused_huge_shrink(sbinfo, NULL, pages);
                /*
                 * And do a shmem_recalc_inode() to account for freed pages:
                 * except our folio is there in cache, so not quite balanced.
                 */
                spin_lock(&info->lock);
                freed = pages + info->alloced - info->swapped -
                        READ_ONCE(mapping->nrpages);
                if (freed > 0)
                        info->alloced -= freed;
                spin_unlock(&info->lock);
                if (freed > 0)
                        shmem_inode_unacct_blocks(inode, freed);
                error = shmem_inode_acct_blocks(inode, pages);
                if (error) {
                        filemap_remove_folio(folio);
                        goto unlock;
                }
        }

        shmem_recalc_inode(inode, pages, 0);
        folio_add_lru(folio);
        return folio;

unlock:
        folio_unlock(folio);
        folio_put(folio);
        return ERR_PTR(error);
}

static struct folio *shmem_swap_alloc_folio(struct inode *inode,
                struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgoff_t index,
                swp_entry_t entry, int order, gfp_t gfp)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct folio *new, *swapcache;
        int nr_pages = 1 << order;
        gfp_t alloc_gfp;

        /*
         * We have arrived here because our zones are constrained, so don't
         * limit chance of success with further cpuset and node constraints.
         */
        gfp &= ~GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK;
        alloc_gfp = gfp;
        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE)) {
                if (WARN_ON_ONCE(order))
                        return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
        } else if (order) {
                /*
                 * If uffd is active for the vma, we need per-page fault
                 * fidelity to maintain the uffd semantics, then fallback
                 * to swapin order-0 folio, as well as for zswap case.
                 * Any existing sub folio in the swap cache also blocks
                 * mTHP swapin.
                 */
                if ((vma && unlikely(userfaultfd_armed(vma))) ||
                     !zswap_never_enabled() ||
                     non_swapcache_batch(entry, nr_pages) != nr_pages)
                        goto fallback;

                alloc_gfp = limit_gfp_mask(vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma), gfp);
        }
retry:
        new = shmem_alloc_folio(alloc_gfp, order, info, index);
        if (!new) {
                new = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
                goto fallback;
        }

        if (mem_cgroup_swapin_charge_folio(new, vma ? vma->vm_mm : NULL,
                                           alloc_gfp, entry)) {
                folio_put(new);
                new = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
                goto fallback;
        }

        swapcache = swapin_folio(entry, new);
        if (swapcache != new) {
                folio_put(new);
                if (!swapcache) {
                        /*
                         * The new folio is charged already, swapin can
                         * only fail due to another raced swapin.
                         */
                        new = ERR_PTR(-EEXIST);
                        goto fallback;
                }
        }
        return swapcache;
fallback:
        /* Order 0 swapin failed, nothing to fallback to, abort */
        if (!order)
                return new;
        entry.val += index - round_down(index, nr_pages);
        alloc_gfp = gfp;
        nr_pages = 1;
        order = 0;
        goto retry;
}

/*
 * When a page is moved from swapcache to shmem filecache (either by the
 * usual swapin of shmem_get_folio_gfp(), or by the less common swapoff of
 * shmem_unuse_inode()), it may have been read in earlier from swap, in
 * ignorance of the mapping it belongs to.  If that mapping has special
 * constraints (like the gma500 GEM driver, which requires RAM below 4GB),
 * we may need to copy to a suitable page before moving to filecache.
 *
 * In a future release, this may well be extended to respect cpuset and
 * NUMA mempolicy, and applied also to anonymous pages in do_swap_page();
 * but for now it is a simple matter of zone.
 */
static bool shmem_should_replace_folio(struct folio *folio, gfp_t gfp)
{
        return folio_zonenum(folio) > gfp_zone(gfp);
}

static int shmem_replace_folio(struct folio **foliop, gfp_t gfp,
                                struct shmem_inode_info *info, pgoff_t index,
                                struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
        struct folio *new, *old = *foliop;
        swp_entry_t entry = old->swap;
        int nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(old);
        int error = 0;

        /*
         * We have arrived here because our zones are constrained, so don't
         * limit chance of success by further cpuset and node constraints.
         */
        gfp &= ~GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK;
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
        if (nr_pages > 1) {
                gfp_t huge_gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma);

                gfp = limit_gfp_mask(huge_gfp, gfp);
        }
#endif

        new = shmem_alloc_folio(gfp, folio_order(old), info, index);
        if (!new)
                return -ENOMEM;

        folio_ref_add(new, nr_pages);
        folio_copy(new, old);
        flush_dcache_folio(new);

        __folio_set_locked(new);
        __folio_set_swapbacked(new);
        folio_mark_uptodate(new);
        new->swap = entry;
        folio_set_swapcache(new);

        ci = swap_cluster_get_and_lock_irq(old);
        __swap_cache_replace_folio(ci, old, new);
        mem_cgroup_replace_folio(old, new);
        shmem_update_stats(new, nr_pages);
        shmem_update_stats(old, -nr_pages);
        swap_cluster_unlock_irq(ci);

        folio_add_lru(new);
        *foliop = new;

        folio_clear_swapcache(old);
        old->private = NULL;

        folio_unlock(old);
        /*
         * The old folio are removed from swap cache, drop the 'nr_pages'
         * reference, as well as one temporary reference getting from swap
         * cache.
         */
        folio_put_refs(old, nr_pages + 1);
        return error;
}

static void shmem_set_folio_swapin_error(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
                                         struct folio *folio, swp_entry_t swap)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        swp_entry_t swapin_error;
        void *old;
        int nr_pages;

        swapin_error = make_poisoned_swp_entry();
        old = xa_cmpxchg_irq(&mapping->i_pages, index,
                             swp_to_radix_entry(swap),
                             swp_to_radix_entry(swapin_error), 0);
        if (old != swp_to_radix_entry(swap))
                return;

        nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
        folio_wait_writeback(folio);
        folio_put_swap(folio, NULL);
        swap_cache_del_folio(folio);
        /*
         * Don't treat swapin error folio as alloced. Otherwise inode->i_blocks
         * won't be 0 when inode is released and thus trigger WARN_ON(i_blocks)
         * in shmem_evict_inode().
         */
        shmem_recalc_inode(inode, -nr_pages, -nr_pages);
}

static int shmem_split_large_entry(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
                                   swp_entry_t swap, gfp_t gfp)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        XA_STATE_ORDER(xas, &mapping->i_pages, index, 0);
        int split_order = 0;
        int i;

        /* Convert user data gfp flags to xarray node gfp flags */
        gfp &= GFP_RECLAIM_MASK;

        for (;;) {
                void *old = NULL;
                int cur_order;
                pgoff_t swap_index;

                xas_lock_irq(&xas);
                old = xas_load(&xas);
                if (!xa_is_value(old) || swp_to_radix_entry(swap) != old) {
                        xas_set_err(&xas, -EEXIST);
                        goto unlock;
                }

                cur_order = xas_get_order(&xas);
                if (!cur_order)
                        goto unlock;

                /* Try to split large swap entry in pagecache */
                swap_index = round_down(index, 1 << cur_order);
                split_order = xas_try_split_min_order(cur_order);

                while (cur_order > 0) {
                        pgoff_t aligned_index =
                                round_down(index, 1 << cur_order);
                        pgoff_t swap_offset = aligned_index - swap_index;

                        xas_set_order(&xas, index, split_order);
                        xas_try_split(&xas, old, cur_order);
                        if (xas_error(&xas))
                                goto unlock;

                        /*
                         * Re-set the swap entry after splitting, and the swap
                         * offset of the original large entry must be continuous.
                         */
                        for (i = 0; i < 1 << cur_order;
                             i += (1 << split_order)) {
                                swp_entry_t tmp;

                                tmp = swp_entry(swp_type(swap),
                                                swp_offset(swap) + swap_offset +
                                                        i);
                                __xa_store(&mapping->i_pages, aligned_index + i,
                                           swp_to_radix_entry(tmp), 0);
                        }
                        cur_order = split_order;
                        split_order = xas_try_split_min_order(split_order);
                }

unlock:
                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);

                if (!xas_nomem(&xas, gfp))
                        break;
        }

        if (xas_error(&xas))
                return xas_error(&xas);

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Swap in the folio pointed to by *foliop.
 * Caller has to make sure that *foliop contains a valid swapped folio.
 * Returns 0 and the folio in foliop if success. On failure, returns the
 * error code and NULL in *foliop.
 */
static int shmem_swapin_folio(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
                             struct folio **foliop, enum sgp_type sgp,
                             gfp_t gfp, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                             vm_fault_t *fault_type)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        struct mm_struct *fault_mm = vma ? vma->vm_mm : NULL;
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        swp_entry_t swap;
        softleaf_t index_entry;
        struct swap_info_struct *si;
        struct folio *folio = NULL;
        int error, nr_pages, order;
        pgoff_t offset;

        VM_BUG_ON(!*foliop || !xa_is_value(*foliop));
        index_entry = radix_to_swp_entry(*foliop);
        swap = index_entry;
        *foliop = NULL;

        if (softleaf_is_poison_marker(index_entry))
                return -EIO;

        si = get_swap_device(index_entry);
        order = shmem_confirm_swap(mapping, index, index_entry);
        if (unlikely(!si)) {
                if (order < 0)
                        return -EEXIST;
                else
                        return -EINVAL;
        }
        if (unlikely(order < 0)) {
                put_swap_device(si);
                return -EEXIST;
        }

        /* index may point to the middle of a large entry, get the sub entry */
        if (order) {
                offset = index - round_down(index, 1 << order);
                swap = swp_entry(swp_type(swap), swp_offset(swap) + offset);
        }

        /* Look it up and read it in.. */
        folio = swap_cache_get_folio(swap);
        if (!folio) {
                if (data_race(si->flags & SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO)) {
                        /* Direct swapin skipping swap cache & readahead */
                        folio = shmem_swap_alloc_folio(inode, vma, index,
                                                       index_entry, order, gfp);
                        if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
                                error = PTR_ERR(folio);
                                folio = NULL;
                                goto failed;
                        }
                } else {
                        /* Cached swapin only supports order 0 folio */
                        folio = shmem_swapin_cluster(swap, gfp, info, index);
                        if (!folio) {
                                error = -ENOMEM;
                                goto failed;
                        }
                }
                if (fault_type) {
                        *fault_type |= VM_FAULT_MAJOR;
                        count_vm_event(PGMAJFAULT);
                        count_memcg_event_mm(fault_mm, PGMAJFAULT);
                }
        } else {
                swap_update_readahead(folio, NULL, 0);
        }

        if (order > folio_order(folio)) {
                /*
                 * Swapin may get smaller folios due to various reasons:
                 * It may fallback to order 0 due to memory pressure or race,
                 * swap readahead may swap in order 0 folios into swapcache
                 * asynchronously, while the shmem mapping can still stores
                 * large swap entries. In such cases, we should split the
                 * large swap entry to prevent possible data corruption.
                 */
                error = shmem_split_large_entry(inode, index, index_entry, gfp);
                if (error)
                        goto failed_nolock;
        }

        /*
         * If the folio is large, round down swap and index by folio size.
         * No matter what race occurs, the swap layer ensures we either get
         * a valid folio that has its swap entry aligned by size, or a
         * temporarily invalid one which we'll abort very soon and retry.
         *
         * shmem_add_to_page_cache ensures the whole range contains expected
         * entries and prevents any corruption, so any race split is fine
         * too, it will succeed as long as the entries are still there.
         */
        nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
        if (nr_pages > 1) {
                swap.val = round_down(swap.val, nr_pages);
                index = round_down(index, nr_pages);
        }

        /*
         * We have to do this with the folio locked to prevent races.
         * The shmem_confirm_swap below only checks if the first swap
         * entry matches the folio, that's enough to ensure the folio
         * is not used outside of shmem, as shmem swap entries
         * and swap cache folios are never partially freed.
         */
        folio_lock(folio);
        if (!folio_matches_swap_entry(folio, swap) ||
            shmem_confirm_swap(mapping, index, swap) < 0) {
                error = -EEXIST;
                goto unlock;
        }
        if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                error = -EIO;
                goto failed;
        }
        folio_wait_writeback(folio);

        /*
         * Some architectures may have to restore extra metadata to the
         * folio after reading from swap.
         */
        arch_swap_restore(folio_swap(swap, folio), folio);

        if (shmem_should_replace_folio(folio, gfp)) {
                error = shmem_replace_folio(&folio, gfp, info, index, vma);
                if (error)
                        goto failed;
        }

        error = shmem_add_to_page_cache(folio, mapping, index,
                                        swp_to_radix_entry(swap), gfp);
        if (error)
                goto failed;

        shmem_recalc_inode(inode, 0, -nr_pages);

        if (sgp == SGP_WRITE)
                folio_mark_accessed(folio);

        folio_put_swap(folio, NULL);
        swap_cache_del_folio(folio);
        folio_mark_dirty(folio);
        put_swap_device(si);

        *foliop = folio;
        return 0;
failed:
        if (shmem_confirm_swap(mapping, index, swap) < 0)
                error = -EEXIST;
        if (error == -EIO)
                shmem_set_folio_swapin_error(inode, index, folio, swap);
unlock:
        if (folio)
                folio_unlock(folio);
failed_nolock:
        if (folio)
                folio_put(folio);
        put_swap_device(si);

        return error;
}

/*
 * shmem_get_folio_gfp - find page in cache, or get from swap, or allocate
 *
 * If we allocate a new one we do not mark it dirty. That's up to the
 * vm. If we swap it in we mark it dirty since we also free the swap
 * entry since a page cannot live in both the swap and page cache.
 *
 * vmf and fault_type are only supplied by shmem_fault: otherwise they are NULL.
 */
static int shmem_get_folio_gfp(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index,
                loff_t write_end, struct folio **foliop, enum sgp_type sgp,
                gfp_t gfp, struct vm_fault *vmf, vm_fault_t *fault_type)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf ? vmf->vma : NULL;
        struct mm_struct *fault_mm;
        struct folio *folio;
        int error;
        bool alloced;
        unsigned long orders = 0;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!shmem_mapping(inode->i_mapping)))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (index > (MAX_LFS_FILESIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT))
                return -EFBIG;
repeat:
        if (sgp <= SGP_CACHE &&
            ((loff_t)index << PAGE_SHIFT) >= i_size_read(inode))
                return -EINVAL;

        alloced = false;
        fault_mm = vma ? vma->vm_mm : NULL;

        folio = filemap_get_entry(inode->i_mapping, index);
        if (folio && vma && userfaultfd_minor(vma)) {
                if (!xa_is_value(folio))
                        folio_put(folio);
                *fault_type = handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MINOR);
                return 0;
        }

        if (xa_is_value(folio)) {
                error = shmem_swapin_folio(inode, index, &folio,
                                           sgp, gfp, vma, fault_type);
                if (error == -EEXIST)
                        goto repeat;

                *foliop = folio;
                return error;
        }

        if (folio) {
                folio_lock(folio);

                /* Has the folio been truncated or swapped out? */
                if (unlikely(folio->mapping != inode->i_mapping)) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                        folio_put(folio);
                        goto repeat;
                }
                if (sgp == SGP_WRITE)
                        folio_mark_accessed(folio);
                if (folio_test_uptodate(folio))
                        goto out;
                /* fallocated folio */
                if (sgp != SGP_READ)
                        goto clear;
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
        }

        /*
         * SGP_READ: succeed on hole, with NULL folio, letting caller zero.
         * SGP_NOALLOC: fail on hole, with NULL folio, letting caller fail.
         */
        *foliop = NULL;
        if (sgp == SGP_READ)
                return 0;
        if (sgp == SGP_NOALLOC)
                return -ENOENT;

        /*
         * Fast cache lookup and swap lookup did not find it: allocate.
         */

        if (vma && userfaultfd_missing(vma)) {
                *fault_type = handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MISSING);
                return 0;
        }

        /* Find hugepage orders that are allowed for anonymous shmem and tmpfs. */
        orders = shmem_allowable_huge_orders(inode, vma, index, write_end, false);
        if (orders > 0) {
                gfp_t huge_gfp;

                huge_gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma);
                huge_gfp = limit_gfp_mask(huge_gfp, gfp);
                folio = shmem_alloc_and_add_folio(vmf, huge_gfp,
                                inode, index, fault_mm, orders);
                if (!IS_ERR(folio)) {
                        if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio))
                                count_vm_event(THP_FILE_ALLOC);
                        count_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_SHMEM_ALLOC);
                        goto alloced;
                }
                if (PTR_ERR(folio) == -EEXIST)
                        goto repeat;
        }

        folio = shmem_alloc_and_add_folio(vmf, gfp, inode, index, fault_mm, 0);
        if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
                error = PTR_ERR(folio);
                if (error == -EEXIST)
                        goto repeat;
                folio = NULL;
                goto unlock;
        }

alloced:
        alloced = true;
        if (folio_test_large(folio) &&
            DIV_ROUND_UP(i_size_read(inode), PAGE_SIZE) <
                                        folio_next_index(folio)) {
                struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
                struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
                /*
                 * Part of the large folio is beyond i_size: subject
                 * to shrink under memory pressure.
                 */
                spin_lock(&sbinfo->shrinklist_lock);
                /*
                 * _careful to defend against unlocked access to
                 * ->shrink_list in shmem_unused_huge_shrink()
                 */
                if (list_empty_careful(&info->shrinklist)) {
                        list_add_tail(&info->shrinklist,
                                      &sbinfo->shrinklist);
                        sbinfo->shrinklist_len++;
                }
                spin_unlock(&sbinfo->shrinklist_lock);
        }

        if (sgp == SGP_WRITE)
                folio_set_referenced(folio);
        /*
         * Let SGP_FALLOC use the SGP_WRITE optimization on a new folio.
         */
        if (sgp == SGP_FALLOC)
                sgp = SGP_WRITE;
clear:
        /*
         * Let SGP_WRITE caller clear ends if write does not fill folio;
         * but SGP_FALLOC on a folio fallocated earlier must initialize
         * it now, lest undo on failure cancel our earlier guarantee.
         */
        if (sgp != SGP_WRITE && !folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                long i, n = folio_nr_pages(folio);

                for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
                        clear_highpage(folio_page(folio, i));
                flush_dcache_folio(folio);
                folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
        }

        /* Perhaps the file has been truncated since we checked */
        if (sgp <= SGP_CACHE &&
            ((loff_t)index << PAGE_SHIFT) >= i_size_read(inode)) {
                error = -EINVAL;
                goto unlock;
        }
out:
        *foliop = folio;
        return 0;

        /*
         * Error recovery.
         */
unlock:
        if (alloced)
                filemap_remove_folio(folio);
        shmem_recalc_inode(inode, 0, 0);
        if (folio) {
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
        }
        return error;
}

/**
 * shmem_get_folio - find, and lock a shmem folio.
 * @inode:      inode to search
 * @index:      the page index.
 * @write_end:  end of a write, could extend inode size
 * @foliop:     pointer to the folio if found
 * @sgp:        SGP_* flags to control behavior
 *
 * Looks up the page cache entry at @inode & @index.  If a folio is
 * present, it is returned locked with an increased refcount.
 *
 * If the caller modifies data in the folio, it must call folio_mark_dirty()
 * before unlocking the folio to ensure that the folio is not reclaimed.
 * There is no need to reserve space before calling folio_mark_dirty().
 *
 * When no folio is found, the behavior depends on @sgp:
 *  - for SGP_READ, *@foliop is %NULL and 0 is returned
 *  - for SGP_NOALLOC, *@foliop is %NULL and -ENOENT is returned
 *  - for all other flags a new folio is allocated, inserted into the
 *    page cache and returned locked in @foliop.
 *
 * Context: May sleep.
 * Return: 0 if successful, else a negative error code.
 */
int shmem_get_folio(struct inode *inode, pgoff_t index, loff_t write_end,
                    struct folio **foliop, enum sgp_type sgp)
{
        return shmem_get_folio_gfp(inode, index, write_end, foliop, sgp,
                        mapping_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping), NULL, NULL);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_get_folio);

/*
 * This is like autoremove_wake_function, but it removes the wait queue
 * entry unconditionally - even if something else had already woken the
 * target.
 */
static int synchronous_wake_function(wait_queue_entry_t *wait,
                        unsigned int mode, int sync, void *key)
{
        int ret = default_wake_function(wait, mode, sync, key);
        list_del_init(&wait->entry);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Trinity finds that probing a hole which tmpfs is punching can
 * prevent the hole-punch from ever completing: which in turn
 * locks writers out with its hold on i_rwsem.  So refrain from
 * faulting pages into the hole while it's being punched.  Although
 * shmem_undo_range() does remove the additions, it may be unable to
 * keep up, as each new page needs its own unmap_mapping_range() call,
 * and the i_mmap tree grows ever slower to scan if new vmas are added.
 *
 * It does not matter if we sometimes reach this check just before the
 * hole-punch begins, so that one fault then races with the punch:
 * we just need to make racing faults a rare case.
 *
 * The implementation below would be much simpler if we just used a
 * standard mutex or completion: but we cannot take i_rwsem in fault,
 * and bloating every shmem inode for this unlikely case would be sad.
 */
static vm_fault_t shmem_falloc_wait(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct inode *inode)
{
        struct shmem_falloc *shmem_falloc;
        struct file *fpin = NULL;
        vm_fault_t ret = 0;

        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
        shmem_falloc = inode->i_private;
        if (shmem_falloc &&
            shmem_falloc->waitq &&
            vmf->pgoff >= shmem_falloc->start &&
            vmf->pgoff < shmem_falloc->next) {
                wait_queue_head_t *shmem_falloc_waitq;
                DEFINE_WAIT_FUNC(shmem_fault_wait, synchronous_wake_function);

                ret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
                fpin = maybe_unlock_mmap_for_io(vmf, NULL);
                shmem_falloc_waitq = shmem_falloc->waitq;
                prepare_to_wait(shmem_falloc_waitq, &shmem_fault_wait,
                                TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
                spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
                schedule();

                /*
                 * shmem_falloc_waitq points into the shmem_fallocate()
                 * stack of the hole-punching task: shmem_falloc_waitq
                 * is usually invalid by the time we reach here, but
                 * finish_wait() does not dereference it in that case;
                 * though i_lock needed lest racing with wake_up_all().
                 */
                spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
                finish_wait(shmem_falloc_waitq, &shmem_fault_wait);
        }
        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
        if (fpin) {
                fput(fpin);
                ret = VM_FAULT_RETRY;
        }
        return ret;
}

static vm_fault_t shmem_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(vmf->vma->vm_file);
        gfp_t gfp = mapping_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping);
        struct folio *folio = NULL;
        vm_fault_t ret = 0;
        int err;

        /*
         * Trinity finds that probing a hole which tmpfs is punching can
         * prevent the hole-punch from ever completing: noted in i_private.
         */
        if (unlikely(inode->i_private)) {
                ret = shmem_falloc_wait(vmf, inode);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        WARN_ON_ONCE(vmf->page != NULL);
        err = shmem_get_folio_gfp(inode, vmf->pgoff, 0, &folio, SGP_CACHE,
                                  gfp, vmf, &ret);
        if (err)
                return vmf_error(err);
        if (folio) {
                vmf->page = folio_file_page(folio, vmf->pgoff);
                ret |= VM_FAULT_LOCKED;
        }
        return ret;
}

unsigned long shmem_get_unmapped_area(struct file *file,
                                      unsigned long uaddr, unsigned long len,
                                      unsigned long pgoff, unsigned long flags)
{
        unsigned long addr;
        unsigned long offset;
        unsigned long inflated_len;
        unsigned long inflated_addr;
        unsigned long inflated_offset;
        unsigned long hpage_size;

        if (len > TASK_SIZE)
                return -ENOMEM;

        addr = mm_get_unmapped_area(file, uaddr, len, pgoff, flags);

        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE))
                return addr;
        if (IS_ERR_VALUE(addr))
                return addr;
        if (addr & ~PAGE_MASK)
                return addr;
        if (addr > TASK_SIZE - len)
                return addr;

        if (shmem_huge == SHMEM_HUGE_DENY)
                return addr;
        if (flags & MAP_FIXED)
                return addr;
        /*
         * Our priority is to support MAP_SHARED mapped hugely;
         * and support MAP_PRIVATE mapped hugely too, until it is COWed.
         * But if caller specified an address hint and we allocated area there
         * successfully, respect that as before.
         */
        if (uaddr == addr)
                return addr;

        hpage_size = HPAGE_PMD_SIZE;
        if (shmem_huge != SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE) {
                struct super_block *sb;
                unsigned long __maybe_unused hpage_orders;
                int order = 0;

                if (file) {
                        VM_BUG_ON(file->f_op != &shmem_file_operations);
                        sb = file_inode(file)->i_sb;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Called directly from mm/mmap.c, or drivers/char/mem.c
                         * for "/dev/zero", to create a shared anonymous object.
                         */
                        if (IS_ERR(shm_mnt))
                                return addr;
                        sb = shm_mnt->mnt_sb;

                        /*
                         * Find the highest mTHP order used for anonymous shmem to
                         * provide a suitable alignment address.
                         */
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
                        hpage_orders = READ_ONCE(huge_shmem_orders_always);
                        hpage_orders |= READ_ONCE(huge_shmem_orders_within_size);
                        hpage_orders |= READ_ONCE(huge_shmem_orders_madvise);
                        if (SHMEM_SB(sb)->huge != SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER)
                                hpage_orders |= READ_ONCE(huge_shmem_orders_inherit);

                        if (hpage_orders > 0) {
                                order = highest_order(hpage_orders);
                                hpage_size = PAGE_SIZE << order;
                        }
#endif
                }
                if (SHMEM_SB(sb)->huge == SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER && !order)
                        return addr;
        }

        if (len < hpage_size)
                return addr;

        offset = (pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) & (hpage_size - 1);
        if (offset && offset + len < 2 * hpage_size)
                return addr;
        if ((addr & (hpage_size - 1)) == offset)
                return addr;

        inflated_len = len + hpage_size - PAGE_SIZE;
        if (inflated_len > TASK_SIZE)
                return addr;
        if (inflated_len < len)
                return addr;

        inflated_addr = mm_get_unmapped_area(NULL, uaddr, inflated_len, 0, flags);
        if (IS_ERR_VALUE(inflated_addr))
                return addr;
        if (inflated_addr & ~PAGE_MASK)
                return addr;

        inflated_offset = inflated_addr & (hpage_size - 1);
        inflated_addr += offset - inflated_offset;
        if (inflated_offset > offset)
                inflated_addr += hpage_size;

        if (inflated_addr > TASK_SIZE - len)
                return addr;
        return inflated_addr;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
static int shmem_set_policy(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mempolicy *mpol)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
        return mpol_set_shared_policy(&SHMEM_I(inode)->policy, vma, mpol);
}

static struct mempolicy *shmem_get_policy(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                          unsigned long addr, pgoff_t *ilx)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
        pgoff_t index;

        /*
         * Bias interleave by inode number to distribute better across nodes;
         * but this interface is independent of which page order is used, so
         * supplies only that bias, letting caller apply the offset (adjusted
         * by page order, as in shmem_get_pgoff_policy() and get_vma_policy()).
         */
        *ilx = inode->i_ino;
        index = ((addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_pgoff;
        return mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&SHMEM_I(inode)->policy, index);
}

static struct mempolicy *shmem_get_pgoff_policy(struct shmem_inode_info *info,
                        pgoff_t index, unsigned int order, pgoff_t *ilx)
{
        struct mempolicy *mpol;

        /* Bias interleave by inode number to distribute better across nodes */
        *ilx = info->vfs_inode.i_ino + (index >> order);

        mpol = mpol_shared_policy_lookup(&info->policy, index);
        return mpol ? mpol : get_task_policy(current);
}
#else
static struct mempolicy *shmem_get_pgoff_policy(struct shmem_inode_info *info,
                        pgoff_t index, unsigned int order, pgoff_t *ilx)
{
        *ilx = 0;
        return NULL;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */

int shmem_lock(struct file *file, int lock, struct ucounts *ucounts)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        int retval = -ENOMEM;

        /*
         * What serializes the accesses to info->flags?
         * ipc_lock_object() when called from shmctl_do_lock(),
         * no serialization needed when called from shm_destroy().
         */
        if (lock && !(info->flags & SHMEM_F_LOCKED)) {
                if (!user_shm_lock(inode->i_size, ucounts))
                        goto out_nomem;
                info->flags |= SHMEM_F_LOCKED;
                mapping_set_unevictable(file->f_mapping);
        }
        if (!lock && (info->flags & SHMEM_F_LOCKED) && ucounts) {
                user_shm_unlock(inode->i_size, ucounts);
                info->flags &= ~SHMEM_F_LOCKED;
                mapping_clear_unevictable(file->f_mapping);
        }
        retval = 0;

out_nomem:
        return retval;
}

static int shmem_mmap_prepare(struct vm_area_desc *desc)
{
        struct file *file = desc->file;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);

        file_accessed(file);
        /* This is anonymous shared memory if it is unlinked at the time of mmap */
        if (inode->i_nlink)
                desc->vm_ops = &shmem_vm_ops;
        else
                desc->vm_ops = &shmem_anon_vm_ops;
        return 0;
}

static int shmem_file_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        file->f_mode |= FMODE_CAN_ODIRECT;
        return generic_file_open(inode, file);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
static int shmem_initxattrs(struct inode *, const struct xattr *, void *);

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE)
/*
 * shmem_inode_casefold_flags - Deal with casefold file attribute flag
 *
 * The casefold file attribute needs some special checks. I can just be added to
 * an empty dir, and can't be removed from a non-empty dir.
 */
static int shmem_inode_casefold_flags(struct inode *inode, unsigned int fsflags,
                                      struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int *i_flags)
{
        unsigned int old = inode->i_flags;
        struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;

        if (fsflags & FS_CASEFOLD_FL) {
                if (!(old & S_CASEFOLD)) {
                        if (!sb->s_encoding)
                                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

                        if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                                return -ENOTDIR;

                        if (dentry && !simple_empty(dentry))
                                return -ENOTEMPTY;
                }

                *i_flags = *i_flags | S_CASEFOLD;
        } else if (old & S_CASEFOLD) {
                if (dentry && !simple_empty(dentry))
                        return -ENOTEMPTY;
        }

        return 0;
}
#else
static int shmem_inode_casefold_flags(struct inode *inode, unsigned int fsflags,
                                      struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int *i_flags)
{
        if (fsflags & FS_CASEFOLD_FL)
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * chattr's fsflags are unrelated to extended attributes,
 * but tmpfs has chosen to enable them under the same config option.
 */
static int shmem_set_inode_flags(struct inode *inode, unsigned int fsflags, struct dentry *dentry)
{
        unsigned int i_flags = 0;
        int ret;

        ret = shmem_inode_casefold_flags(inode, fsflags, dentry, &i_flags);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (fsflags & FS_NOATIME_FL)
                i_flags |= S_NOATIME;
        if (fsflags & FS_APPEND_FL)
                i_flags |= S_APPEND;
        if (fsflags & FS_IMMUTABLE_FL)
                i_flags |= S_IMMUTABLE;
        /*
         * But FS_NODUMP_FL does not require any action in i_flags.
         */
        inode_set_flags(inode, i_flags, S_NOATIME | S_APPEND | S_IMMUTABLE | S_CASEFOLD);

        return 0;
}
#else
static void shmem_set_inode_flags(struct inode *inode, unsigned int fsflags, struct dentry *dentry)
{
}
#define shmem_initxattrs NULL
#endif

static struct offset_ctx *shmem_get_offset_ctx(struct inode *inode)
{
        return &SHMEM_I(inode)->dir_offsets;
}

static struct inode *__shmem_get_inode(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                                       struct super_block *sb,
                                       struct inode *dir, umode_t mode,
                                       dev_t dev, vma_flags_t flags)
{
        struct inode *inode;
        struct shmem_inode_info *info;
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);
        ino_t ino;
        int err;

        err = shmem_reserve_inode(sb, &ino);
        if (err)
                return ERR_PTR(err);

        inode = new_inode(sb);
        if (!inode) {
                shmem_free_inode(sb, 0);
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
        }

        inode->i_ino = ino;
        inode_init_owner(idmap, inode, dir, mode);
        inode->i_blocks = 0;
        simple_inode_init_ts(inode);
        inode->i_generation = get_random_u32();
        info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        memset(info, 0, (char *)inode - (char *)info);
        spin_lock_init(&info->lock);
        atomic_set(&info->stop_eviction, 0);
        info->seals = F_SEAL_SEAL;
        info->flags = vma_flags_test(&flags, VMA_NORESERVE_BIT)
                ? SHMEM_F_NORESERVE : 0;
        info->i_crtime = inode_get_mtime(inode);
        info->fsflags = (dir == NULL) ? 0 :
                SHMEM_I(dir)->fsflags & SHMEM_FL_INHERITED;
        if (info->fsflags)
                shmem_set_inode_flags(inode, info->fsflags, NULL);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&info->shrinklist);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&info->swaplist);
        simple_xattrs_init(&info->xattrs);
        cache_no_acl(inode);
        if (sbinfo->noswap)
                mapping_set_unevictable(inode->i_mapping);

        /* Don't consider 'deny' for emergencies and 'force' for testing */
        if (sbinfo->huge)
                mapping_set_large_folios(inode->i_mapping);

        switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
        default:
                inode->i_op = &shmem_special_inode_operations;
                init_special_inode(inode, mode, dev);
                break;
        case S_IFREG:
                inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &shmem_aops;
                inode->i_op = &shmem_inode_operations;
                inode->i_fop = &shmem_file_operations;
                mpol_shared_policy_init(&info->policy,
                                         shmem_get_sbmpol(sbinfo));
                break;
        case S_IFDIR:
                inc_nlink(inode);
                /* Some things misbehave if size == 0 on a directory */
                inode->i_size = 2 * BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
                inode->i_op = &shmem_dir_inode_operations;
                inode->i_fop = &simple_offset_dir_operations;
                simple_offset_init(shmem_get_offset_ctx(inode));
                break;
        case S_IFLNK:
                /*
                 * Must not load anything in the rbtree,
                 * mpol_free_shared_policy will not be called.
                 */
                mpol_shared_policy_init(&info->policy, NULL);
                break;
        }

        lockdep_annotate_inode_mutex_key(inode);
        return inode;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
static struct inode *shmem_get_inode(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                                     struct super_block *sb, struct inode *dir,
                                     umode_t mode, dev_t dev, vma_flags_t flags)
{
        int err;
        struct inode *inode;

        inode = __shmem_get_inode(idmap, sb, dir, mode, dev, flags);
        if (IS_ERR(inode))
                return inode;

        err = dquot_initialize(inode);
        if (err)
                goto errout;

        err = dquot_alloc_inode(inode);
        if (err) {
                dquot_drop(inode);
                goto errout;
        }
        return inode;

errout:
        inode->i_flags |= S_NOQUOTA;
        iput(inode);
        return ERR_PTR(err);
}
#else
static struct inode *shmem_get_inode(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                                     struct super_block *sb, struct inode *dir,
                                     umode_t mode, dev_t dev, vma_flags_t flags)
{
        return __shmem_get_inode(idmap, sb, dir, mode, dev, flags);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA */

#ifdef CONFIG_USERFAULTFD
int shmem_mfill_atomic_pte(pmd_t *dst_pmd,
                           struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma,
                           unsigned long dst_addr,
                           unsigned long src_addr,
                           uffd_flags_t flags,
                           struct folio **foliop)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(dst_vma->vm_file);
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        gfp_t gfp = mapping_gfp_mask(mapping);
        pgoff_t pgoff = linear_page_index(dst_vma, dst_addr);
        void *page_kaddr;
        struct folio *folio;
        int ret;
        pgoff_t max_off;

        if (shmem_inode_acct_blocks(inode, 1)) {
                /*
                 * We may have got a page, returned -ENOENT triggering a retry,
                 * and now we find ourselves with -ENOMEM. Release the page, to
                 * avoid a BUG_ON in our caller.
                 */
                if (unlikely(*foliop)) {
                        folio_put(*foliop);
                        *foliop = NULL;
                }
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        if (!*foliop) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                folio = shmem_alloc_folio(gfp, 0, info, pgoff);
                if (!folio)
                        goto out_unacct_blocks;

                if (uffd_flags_mode_is(flags, MFILL_ATOMIC_COPY)) {
                        page_kaddr = kmap_local_folio(folio, 0);
                        /*
                         * The read mmap_lock is held here.  Despite the
                         * mmap_lock being read recursive a deadlock is still
                         * possible if a writer has taken a lock.  For example:
                         *
                         * process A thread 1 takes read lock on own mmap_lock
                         * process A thread 2 calls mmap, blocks taking write lock
                         * process B thread 1 takes page fault, read lock on own mmap lock
                         * process B thread 2 calls mmap, blocks taking write lock
                         * process A thread 1 blocks taking read lock on process B
                         * process B thread 1 blocks taking read lock on process A
                         *
                         * Disable page faults to prevent potential deadlock
                         * and retry the copy outside the mmap_lock.
                         */
                        pagefault_disable();
                        ret = copy_from_user(page_kaddr,
                                             (const void __user *)src_addr,
                                             PAGE_SIZE);
                        pagefault_enable();
                        kunmap_local(page_kaddr);

                        /* fallback to copy_from_user outside mmap_lock */
                        if (unlikely(ret)) {
                                *foliop = folio;
                                ret = -ENOENT;
                                /* don't free the page */
                                goto out_unacct_blocks;
                        }

                        flush_dcache_folio(folio);
                } else {                /* ZEROPAGE */
                        clear_user_highpage(&folio->page, dst_addr);
                }
        } else {
                folio = *foliop;
                VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_large(folio), folio);
                *foliop = NULL;
        }

        VM_BUG_ON(folio_test_locked(folio));
        VM_BUG_ON(folio_test_swapbacked(folio));
        __folio_set_locked(folio);
        __folio_set_swapbacked(folio);
        __folio_mark_uptodate(folio);

        ret = -EFAULT;
        max_off = DIV_ROUND_UP(i_size_read(inode), PAGE_SIZE);
        if (unlikely(pgoff >= max_off))
                goto out_release;

        ret = mem_cgroup_charge(folio, dst_vma->vm_mm, gfp);
        if (ret)
                goto out_release;
        ret = shmem_add_to_page_cache(folio, mapping, pgoff, NULL, gfp);
        if (ret)
                goto out_release;

        ret = mfill_atomic_install_pte(dst_pmd, dst_vma, dst_addr,
                                       &folio->page, true, flags);
        if (ret)
                goto out_delete_from_cache;

        shmem_recalc_inode(inode, 1, 0);
        folio_unlock(folio);
        return 0;
out_delete_from_cache:
        filemap_remove_folio(folio);
out_release:
        folio_unlock(folio);
        folio_put(folio);
out_unacct_blocks:
        shmem_inode_unacct_blocks(inode, 1);
        return ret;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_USERFAULTFD */

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
static const struct inode_operations shmem_symlink_inode_operations;
static const struct inode_operations shmem_short_symlink_operations;

static int
shmem_write_begin(const struct kiocb *iocb, struct address_space *mapping,
                  loff_t pos, unsigned len,
                  struct folio **foliop, void **fsdata)
{
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        pgoff_t index = pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        struct folio *folio;
        int ret = 0;

        /* i_rwsem is held by caller */
        if (unlikely(info->seals & (F_SEAL_GROW |
                                   F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE))) {
                if (info->seals & (F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE))
                        return -EPERM;
                if ((info->seals & F_SEAL_GROW) && pos + len > inode->i_size)
                        return -EPERM;
        }

        if (unlikely((info->flags & SHMEM_F_MAPPING_FROZEN) &&
                     pos + len > inode->i_size))
                return -EPERM;

        ret = shmem_get_folio(inode, index, pos + len, &folio, SGP_WRITE);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (folio_contain_hwpoisoned_page(folio)) {
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
                return -EIO;
        }

        *foliop = folio;
        return 0;
}

static int
shmem_write_end(const struct kiocb *iocb, struct address_space *mapping,
                loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
                struct folio *folio, void *fsdata)
{
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;

        if (pos + copied > inode->i_size)
                i_size_write(inode, pos + copied);

        if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                if (copied < folio_size(folio)) {
                        size_t from = offset_in_folio(folio, pos);
                        folio_zero_segments(folio, 0, from,
                                        from + copied, folio_size(folio));
                }
                folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
        }
        folio_mark_dirty(folio);
        folio_unlock(folio);
        folio_put(folio);

        return copied;
}

static ssize_t shmem_file_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
{
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        pgoff_t index;
        unsigned long offset;
        int error = 0;
        ssize_t retval = 0;

        for (;;) {
                struct folio *folio = NULL;
                struct page *page = NULL;
                unsigned long nr, ret;
                loff_t end_offset, i_size = i_size_read(inode);
                bool fallback_page_copy = false;
                size_t fsize;

                if (unlikely(iocb->ki_pos >= i_size))
                        break;

                index = iocb->ki_pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                error = shmem_get_folio(inode, index, 0, &folio, SGP_READ);
                if (error) {
                        if (error == -EINVAL)
                                error = 0;
                        break;
                }
                if (folio) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);

                        page = folio_file_page(folio, index);
                        if (PageHWPoison(page)) {
                                folio_put(folio);
                                error = -EIO;
                                break;
                        }

                        if (folio_test_large(folio) &&
                            folio_test_has_hwpoisoned(folio))
                                fallback_page_copy = true;
                }

                /*
                 * We must evaluate after, since reads (unlike writes)
                 * are called without i_rwsem protection against truncate
                 */
                i_size = i_size_read(inode);
                if (unlikely(iocb->ki_pos >= i_size)) {
                        if (folio)
                                folio_put(folio);
                        break;
                }
                end_offset = min_t(loff_t, i_size, iocb->ki_pos + to->count);
                if (folio && likely(!fallback_page_copy))
                        fsize = folio_size(folio);
                else
                        fsize = PAGE_SIZE;
                offset = iocb->ki_pos & (fsize - 1);
                nr = min_t(loff_t, end_offset - iocb->ki_pos, fsize - offset);

                if (folio) {
                        /*
                         * If users can be writing to this page using arbitrary
                         * virtual addresses, take care about potential aliasing
                         * before reading the page on the kernel side.
                         */
                        if (mapping_writably_mapped(mapping)) {
                                if (likely(!fallback_page_copy))
                                        flush_dcache_folio(folio);
                                else
                                        flush_dcache_page(page);
                        }

                        /*
                         * Mark the folio accessed if we read the beginning.
                         */
                        if (!offset)
                                folio_mark_accessed(folio);
                        /*
                         * Ok, we have the page, and it's up-to-date, so
                         * now we can copy it to user space...
                         */
                        if (likely(!fallback_page_copy))
                                ret = copy_folio_to_iter(folio, offset, nr, to);
                        else
                                ret = copy_page_to_iter(page, offset, nr, to);
                        folio_put(folio);
                } else if (user_backed_iter(to)) {
                        /*
                         * Copy to user tends to be so well optimized, but
                         * clear_user() not so much, that it is noticeably
                         * faster to copy the zero page instead of clearing.
                         */
                        ret = copy_page_to_iter(ZERO_PAGE(0), offset, nr, to);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * But submitting the same page twice in a row to
                         * splice() - or others? - can result in confusion:
                         * so don't attempt that optimization on pipes etc.
                         */
                        ret = iov_iter_zero(nr, to);
                }

                retval += ret;
                iocb->ki_pos += ret;

                if (!iov_iter_count(to))
                        break;
                if (ret < nr) {
                        error = -EFAULT;
                        break;
                }
                cond_resched();
        }

        file_accessed(file);
        return retval ? retval : error;
}

static ssize_t shmem_file_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
{
        struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
        struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
        ssize_t ret;

        inode_lock(inode);
        ret = generic_write_checks(iocb, from);
        if (ret <= 0)
                goto unlock;
        ret = file_remove_privs(file);
        if (ret)
                goto unlock;
        ret = file_update_time(file);
        if (ret)
                goto unlock;
        ret = generic_perform_write(iocb, from);
unlock:
        inode_unlock(inode);
        return ret;
}

static bool zero_pipe_buf_get(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe,
                              struct pipe_buffer *buf)
{
        return true;
}

static void zero_pipe_buf_release(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe,
                                  struct pipe_buffer *buf)
{
}

static bool zero_pipe_buf_try_steal(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe,
                                    struct pipe_buffer *buf)
{
        return false;
}

static const struct pipe_buf_operations zero_pipe_buf_ops = {
        .release        = zero_pipe_buf_release,
        .try_steal      = zero_pipe_buf_try_steal,
        .get            = zero_pipe_buf_get,
};

static size_t splice_zeropage_into_pipe(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe,
                                        loff_t fpos, size_t size)
{
        size_t offset = fpos & ~PAGE_MASK;

        size = min_t(size_t, size, PAGE_SIZE - offset);

        if (!pipe_is_full(pipe)) {
                struct pipe_buffer *buf = pipe_head_buf(pipe);

                *buf = (struct pipe_buffer) {
                        .ops    = &zero_pipe_buf_ops,
                        .page   = ZERO_PAGE(0),
                        .offset = offset,
                        .len    = size,
                };
                pipe->head++;
        }

        return size;
}

static ssize_t shmem_file_splice_read(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
                                      struct pipe_inode_info *pipe,
                                      size_t len, unsigned int flags)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(in);
        struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        struct folio *folio = NULL;
        size_t total_spliced = 0, used, npages, n, part;
        loff_t isize;
        int error = 0;

        /* Work out how much data we can actually add into the pipe */
        used = pipe_buf_usage(pipe);
        npages = max_t(ssize_t, pipe->max_usage - used, 0);
        len = min_t(size_t, len, npages * PAGE_SIZE);

        do {
                bool fallback_page_splice = false;
                struct page *page = NULL;
                pgoff_t index;
                size_t size;

                if (*ppos >= i_size_read(inode))
                        break;

                index = *ppos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                error = shmem_get_folio(inode, index, 0, &folio, SGP_READ);
                if (error) {
                        if (error == -EINVAL)
                                error = 0;
                        break;
                }
                if (folio) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);

                        page = folio_file_page(folio, index);
                        if (PageHWPoison(page)) {
                                error = -EIO;
                                break;
                        }

                        if (folio_test_large(folio) &&
                            folio_test_has_hwpoisoned(folio))
                                fallback_page_splice = true;
                }

                /*
                 * i_size must be checked after we know the pages are Uptodate.
                 *
                 * Checking i_size after the check allows us to calculate
                 * the correct value for "nr", which means the zero-filled
                 * part of the page is not copied back to userspace (unless
                 * another truncate extends the file - this is desired though).
                 */
                isize = i_size_read(inode);
                if (unlikely(*ppos >= isize))
                        break;
                /*
                 * Fallback to PAGE_SIZE splice if the large folio has hwpoisoned
                 * pages.
                 */
                size = len;
                if (unlikely(fallback_page_splice)) {
                        size_t offset = *ppos & ~PAGE_MASK;

                        size = umin(size, PAGE_SIZE - offset);
                }
                part = min_t(loff_t, isize - *ppos, size);

                if (folio) {
                        /*
                         * If users can be writing to this page using arbitrary
                         * virtual addresses, take care about potential aliasing
                         * before reading the page on the kernel side.
                         */
                        if (mapping_writably_mapped(mapping)) {
                                if (likely(!fallback_page_splice))
                                        flush_dcache_folio(folio);
                                else
                                        flush_dcache_page(page);
                        }
                        folio_mark_accessed(folio);
                        /*
                         * Ok, we have the page, and it's up-to-date, so we can
                         * now splice it into the pipe.
                         */
                        n = splice_folio_into_pipe(pipe, folio, *ppos, part);
                        folio_put(folio);
                        folio = NULL;
                } else {
                        n = splice_zeropage_into_pipe(pipe, *ppos, part);
                }

                if (!n)
                        break;
                len -= n;
                total_spliced += n;
                *ppos += n;
                in->f_ra.prev_pos = *ppos;
                if (pipe_is_full(pipe))
                        break;

                cond_resched();
        } while (len);

        if (folio)
                folio_put(folio);

        file_accessed(in);
        return total_spliced ? total_spliced : error;
}

static loff_t shmem_file_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;

        if (whence != SEEK_DATA && whence != SEEK_HOLE)
                return generic_file_llseek_size(file, offset, whence,
                                        MAX_LFS_FILESIZE, i_size_read(inode));
        if (offset < 0)
                return -ENXIO;

        inode_lock(inode);
        /* We're holding i_rwsem so we can access i_size directly */
        offset = mapping_seek_hole_data(mapping, offset, inode->i_size, whence);
        if (offset >= 0)
                offset = vfs_setpos(file, offset, MAX_LFS_FILESIZE);
        inode_unlock(inode);
        return offset;
}

static long shmem_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
                                                         loff_t len)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct shmem_falloc shmem_falloc;
        pgoff_t start, index, end, undo_fallocend;
        int error;

        if (mode & ~(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE))
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        inode_lock(inode);

        if (info->flags & SHMEM_F_MAPPING_FROZEN) {
                error = -EPERM;
                goto out;
        }

        if (mode & FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE) {
                struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
                loff_t unmap_start = round_up(offset, PAGE_SIZE);
                loff_t unmap_end = round_down(offset + len, PAGE_SIZE) - 1;
                DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_ONSTACK(shmem_falloc_waitq);

                /* protected by i_rwsem */
                if (info->seals & (F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE)) {
                        error = -EPERM;
                        goto out;
                }

                shmem_falloc.waitq = &shmem_falloc_waitq;
                shmem_falloc.start = (u64)unmap_start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                shmem_falloc.next = (unmap_end + 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
                inode->i_private = &shmem_falloc;
                spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);

                if ((u64)unmap_end > (u64)unmap_start)
                        unmap_mapping_range(mapping, unmap_start,
                                            1 + unmap_end - unmap_start, 0);
                shmem_truncate_range(inode, offset, offset + len - 1);
                /* No need to unmap again: hole-punching leaves COWed pages */

                spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
                inode->i_private = NULL;
                wake_up_all(&shmem_falloc_waitq);
                WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&shmem_falloc_waitq.head));
                spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
                error = 0;
                goto out;
        }

        /* We need to check rlimit even when FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE */
        error = inode_newsize_ok(inode, offset + len);
        if (error)
                goto out;

        if ((info->seals & F_SEAL_GROW) && offset + len > inode->i_size) {
                error = -EPERM;
                goto out;
        }

        start = offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        end = (offset + len + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        /* Try to avoid a swapstorm if len is impossible to satisfy */
        if (sbinfo->max_blocks && end - start > sbinfo->max_blocks) {
                error = -ENOSPC;
                goto out;
        }

        shmem_falloc.waitq = NULL;
        shmem_falloc.start = start;
        shmem_falloc.next  = start;
        shmem_falloc.nr_falloced = 0;
        shmem_falloc.nr_unswapped = 0;
        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
        inode->i_private = &shmem_falloc;
        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);

        /*
         * info->fallocend is only relevant when huge pages might be
         * involved: to prevent split_huge_page() freeing fallocated
         * pages when FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE committed beyond i_size.
         */
        undo_fallocend = info->fallocend;
        if (info->fallocend < end)
                info->fallocend = end;

        for (index = start; index < end; ) {
                struct folio *folio;

                /*
                 * Check for fatal signal so that we abort early in OOM
                 * situations. We don't want to abort in case of non-fatal
                 * signals as large fallocate can take noticeable time and
                 * e.g. periodic timers may result in fallocate constantly
                 * restarting.
                 */
                if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
                        error = -EINTR;
                else if (shmem_falloc.nr_unswapped > shmem_falloc.nr_falloced)
                        error = -ENOMEM;
                else
                        error = shmem_get_folio(inode, index, offset + len,
                                                &folio, SGP_FALLOC);
                if (error) {
                        info->fallocend = undo_fallocend;
                        /* Remove the !uptodate folios we added */
                        if (index > start) {
                                shmem_undo_range(inode,
                                    (loff_t)start << PAGE_SHIFT,
                                    ((loff_t)index << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1, true);
                        }
                        goto undone;
                }

                /*
                 * Here is a more important optimization than it appears:
                 * a second SGP_FALLOC on the same large folio will clear it,
                 * making it uptodate and un-undoable if we fail later.
                 */
                index = folio_next_index(folio);
                /* Beware 32-bit wraparound */
                if (!index)
                        index--;

                /*
                 * Inform shmem_writeout() how far we have reached.
                 * No need for lock or barrier: we have the page lock.
                 */
                if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio))
                        shmem_falloc.nr_falloced += index - shmem_falloc.next;
                shmem_falloc.next = index;

                /*
                 * If !uptodate, leave it that way so that freeable folios
                 * can be recognized if we need to rollback on error later.
                 * But mark it dirty so that memory pressure will swap rather
                 * than free the folios we are allocating (and SGP_CACHE folios
                 * might still be clean: we now need to mark those dirty too).
                 */
                folio_mark_dirty(folio);
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
                cond_resched();
        }

        if (!(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) && offset + len > inode->i_size)
                i_size_write(inode, offset + len);
undone:
        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
        inode->i_private = NULL;
        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
out:
        if (!error)
                file_modified(file);
        inode_unlock(inode);
        return error;
}

static int shmem_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf)
{
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(dentry->d_sb);

        buf->f_type = TMPFS_MAGIC;
        buf->f_bsize = PAGE_SIZE;
        buf->f_namelen = NAME_MAX;
        if (sbinfo->max_blocks) {
                buf->f_blocks = sbinfo->max_blocks;
                buf->f_bavail =
                buf->f_bfree  = sbinfo->max_blocks -
                                percpu_counter_sum(&sbinfo->used_blocks);
        }
        if (sbinfo->max_inodes) {
                buf->f_files = sbinfo->max_inodes;
                buf->f_ffree = sbinfo->free_ispace / BOGO_INODE_SIZE;
        }
        /* else leave those fields 0 like simple_statfs */

        buf->f_fsid = uuid_to_fsid(dentry->d_sb->s_uuid.b);

        return 0;
}

/*
 * File creation. Allocate an inode, and we're done..
 */
static int
shmem_mknod(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
            struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, dev_t dev)
{
        struct inode *inode;
        int error;

        if (!generic_ci_validate_strict_name(dir, &dentry->d_name))
                return -EINVAL;

        inode = shmem_get_inode(idmap, dir->i_sb, dir, mode, dev,
                                mk_vma_flags(VMA_NORESERVE_BIT));
        if (IS_ERR(inode))
                return PTR_ERR(inode);

        error = simple_acl_create(dir, inode);
        if (error)
                goto out_iput;
        error = security_inode_init_security(inode, dir, &dentry->d_name,
                                             shmem_initxattrs, NULL);
        if (error && error != -EOPNOTSUPP)
                goto out_iput;

        error = simple_offset_add(shmem_get_offset_ctx(dir), dentry);
        if (error)
                goto out_iput;

        dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
        inode_set_mtime_to_ts(dir, inode_set_ctime_current(dir));
        inode_inc_iversion(dir);

        d_make_persistent(dentry, inode);
        return error;

out_iput:
        iput(inode);
        return error;
}

static int
shmem_tmpfile(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
              struct file *file, umode_t mode)
{
        struct inode *inode;
        int error;

        inode = shmem_get_inode(idmap, dir->i_sb, dir, mode, 0,
                                mk_vma_flags(VMA_NORESERVE_BIT));
        if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
                error = PTR_ERR(inode);
                goto err_out;
        }
        error = security_inode_init_security(inode, dir, NULL,
                                             shmem_initxattrs, NULL);
        if (error && error != -EOPNOTSUPP)
                goto out_iput;
        error = simple_acl_create(dir, inode);
        if (error)
                goto out_iput;
        d_tmpfile(file, inode);

err_out:
        return finish_open_simple(file, error);
out_iput:
        iput(inode);
        return error;
}

static struct dentry *shmem_mkdir(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
                                  struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
{
        int error;

        error = shmem_mknod(idmap, dir, dentry, mode | S_IFDIR, 0);
        if (error)
                return ERR_PTR(error);
        inc_nlink(dir);
        return NULL;
}

static int shmem_create(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
                        struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, bool excl)
{
        return shmem_mknod(idmap, dir, dentry, mode | S_IFREG, 0);
}

/*
 * Link a file..
 */
static int shmem_link(struct dentry *old_dentry, struct inode *dir,
                      struct dentry *dentry)
{
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(old_dentry);
        int ret;

        /*
         * No ordinary (disk based) filesystem counts links as inodes;
         * but each new link needs a new dentry, pinning lowmem, and
         * tmpfs dentries cannot be pruned until they are unlinked.
         * But if an O_TMPFILE file is linked into the tmpfs, the
         * first link must skip that, to get the accounting right.
         */
        if (inode->i_nlink) {
                ret = shmem_reserve_inode(inode->i_sb, NULL);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        ret = simple_offset_add(shmem_get_offset_ctx(dir), dentry);
        if (ret) {
                if (inode->i_nlink)
                        shmem_free_inode(inode->i_sb, 0);
                return ret;
        }

        dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
        inode_inc_iversion(dir);
        return simple_link(old_dentry, dir, dentry);
}

static int shmem_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);

        if (inode->i_nlink > 1 && !S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                shmem_free_inode(inode->i_sb, 0);

        simple_offset_remove(shmem_get_offset_ctx(dir), dentry);

        dir->i_size -= BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
        inode_inc_iversion(dir);
        simple_unlink(dir, dentry);

        /*
         * For now, VFS can't deal with case-insensitive negative dentries, so
         * we invalidate them
         */
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE) && IS_CASEFOLDED(dir))
                d_invalidate(dentry);

        return 0;
}

static int shmem_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
{
        if (!simple_empty(dentry))
                return -ENOTEMPTY;

        drop_nlink(d_inode(dentry));
        drop_nlink(dir);
        return shmem_unlink(dir, dentry);
}

static int shmem_whiteout(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                          struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry)
{
        struct dentry *whiteout;
        int error;

        whiteout = d_alloc(old_dentry->d_parent, &old_dentry->d_name);
        if (!whiteout)
                return -ENOMEM;
        error = shmem_mknod(idmap, old_dir, whiteout,
                            S_IFCHR | WHITEOUT_MODE, WHITEOUT_DEV);
        dput(whiteout);
        return error;
}

/*
 * The VFS layer already does all the dentry stuff for rename,
 * we just have to decrement the usage count for the target if
 * it exists so that the VFS layer correctly free's it when it
 * gets overwritten.
 */
static int shmem_rename2(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                         struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
                         struct inode *new_dir, struct dentry *new_dentry,
                         unsigned int flags)
{
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(old_dentry);
        int they_are_dirs = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode);
        bool had_offset = false;
        int error;

        if (flags & ~(RENAME_NOREPLACE | RENAME_EXCHANGE | RENAME_WHITEOUT))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (flags & RENAME_EXCHANGE)
                return simple_offset_rename_exchange(old_dir, old_dentry,
                                                     new_dir, new_dentry);

        if (!simple_empty(new_dentry))
                return -ENOTEMPTY;

        error = simple_offset_add(shmem_get_offset_ctx(new_dir), new_dentry);
        if (error == -EBUSY)
                had_offset = true;
        else if (unlikely(error))
                return error;

        if (flags & RENAME_WHITEOUT) {
                error = shmem_whiteout(idmap, old_dir, old_dentry);
                if (error) {
                        if (!had_offset)
                                simple_offset_remove(shmem_get_offset_ctx(new_dir),
                                                     new_dentry);
                        return error;
                }
        }

        simple_offset_rename(old_dir, old_dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);
        if (d_really_is_positive(new_dentry)) {
                (void) shmem_unlink(new_dir, new_dentry);
                if (they_are_dirs) {
                        drop_nlink(d_inode(new_dentry));
                        drop_nlink(old_dir);
                }
        } else if (they_are_dirs) {
                drop_nlink(old_dir);
                inc_nlink(new_dir);
        }

        old_dir->i_size -= BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
        new_dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
        simple_rename_timestamp(old_dir, old_dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);
        inode_inc_iversion(old_dir);
        inode_inc_iversion(new_dir);
        return 0;
}

static int shmem_symlink(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
                         struct dentry *dentry, const char *symname)
{
        int error;
        int len;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct folio *folio;
        char *link;

        len = strlen(symname) + 1;
        if (len > PAGE_SIZE)
                return -ENAMETOOLONG;

        inode = shmem_get_inode(idmap, dir->i_sb, dir, S_IFLNK | 0777, 0,
                                mk_vma_flags(VMA_NORESERVE_BIT));
        if (IS_ERR(inode))
                return PTR_ERR(inode);

        error = security_inode_init_security(inode, dir, &dentry->d_name,
                                             shmem_initxattrs, NULL);
        if (error && error != -EOPNOTSUPP)
                goto out_iput;

        error = simple_offset_add(shmem_get_offset_ctx(dir), dentry);
        if (error)
                goto out_iput;

        inode->i_size = len-1;
        if (len <= SHORT_SYMLINK_LEN) {
                link = kmemdup(symname, len, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!link) {
                        error = -ENOMEM;
                        goto out_remove_offset;
                }
                inode->i_op = &shmem_short_symlink_operations;
                inode_set_cached_link(inode, link, len - 1);
        } else {
                inode_nohighmem(inode);
                inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &shmem_aops;
                error = shmem_get_folio(inode, 0, 0, &folio, SGP_WRITE);
                if (error)
                        goto out_remove_offset;
                inode->i_op = &shmem_symlink_inode_operations;
                memcpy(folio_address(folio), symname, len);
                folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
                folio_mark_dirty(folio);
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
        }
        dir->i_size += BOGO_DIRENT_SIZE;
        inode_set_mtime_to_ts(dir, inode_set_ctime_current(dir));
        inode_inc_iversion(dir);
        d_make_persistent(dentry, inode);
        return 0;

out_remove_offset:
        simple_offset_remove(shmem_get_offset_ctx(dir), dentry);
out_iput:
        iput(inode);
        return error;
}

static void shmem_put_link(void *arg)
{
        folio_mark_accessed(arg);
        folio_put(arg);
}

static const char *shmem_get_link(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode,
                                  struct delayed_call *done)
{
        struct folio *folio = NULL;
        int error;

        if (!dentry) {
                folio = filemap_get_folio(inode->i_mapping, 0);
                if (IS_ERR(folio))
                        return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
                if (PageHWPoison(folio_page(folio, 0)) ||
                    !folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                        folio_put(folio);
                        return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
                }
        } else {
                error = shmem_get_folio(inode, 0, 0, &folio, SGP_READ);
                if (error)
                        return ERR_PTR(error);
                if (!folio)
                        return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
                if (PageHWPoison(folio_page(folio, 0))) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                        folio_put(folio);
                        return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
                }
                folio_unlock(folio);
        }
        set_delayed_call(done, shmem_put_link, folio);
        return folio_address(folio);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR

static int shmem_fileattr_get(struct dentry *dentry, struct file_kattr *fa)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(d_inode(dentry));

        fileattr_fill_flags(fa, info->fsflags & SHMEM_FL_USER_VISIBLE);

        return 0;
}

static int shmem_fileattr_set(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                              struct dentry *dentry, struct file_kattr *fa)
{
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        int ret, flags;

        if (fileattr_has_fsx(fa))
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
        if (fa->flags & ~SHMEM_FL_USER_MODIFIABLE)
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        flags = (info->fsflags & ~SHMEM_FL_USER_MODIFIABLE) |
                (fa->flags & SHMEM_FL_USER_MODIFIABLE);

        ret = shmem_set_inode_flags(inode, flags, dentry);

        if (ret)
                return ret;

        info->fsflags = flags;

        inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
        inode_inc_iversion(inode);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Superblocks without xattr inode operations may get some security.* xattr
 * support from the LSM "for free". As soon as we have any other xattrs
 * like ACLs, we also need to implement the security.* handlers at
 * filesystem level, though.
 */

/*
 * Callback for security_inode_init_security() for acquiring xattrs.
 */
static int shmem_initxattrs(struct inode *inode,
                            const struct xattr *xattr_array, void *fs_info)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
        const struct xattr *xattr;
        struct simple_xattr *new_xattr;
        size_t ispace = 0;
        size_t len;

        if (sbinfo->max_inodes) {
                for (xattr = xattr_array; xattr->name != NULL; xattr++) {
                        ispace += simple_xattr_space(xattr->name,
                                xattr->value_len + XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN);
                }
                if (ispace) {
                        raw_spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                        if (sbinfo->free_ispace < ispace)
                                ispace = 0;
                        else
                                sbinfo->free_ispace -= ispace;
                        raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                        if (!ispace)
                                return -ENOSPC;
                }
        }

        for (xattr = xattr_array; xattr->name != NULL; xattr++) {
                new_xattr = simple_xattr_alloc(xattr->value, xattr->value_len);
                if (!new_xattr)
                        break;

                len = strlen(xattr->name) + 1;
                new_xattr->name = kmalloc(XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN + len,
                                          GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
                if (!new_xattr->name) {
                        kvfree(new_xattr);
                        break;
                }

                memcpy(new_xattr->name, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX,
                       XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN);
                memcpy(new_xattr->name + XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN,
                       xattr->name, len);

                simple_xattr_add(&info->xattrs, new_xattr);
        }

        if (xattr->name != NULL) {
                if (ispace) {
                        raw_spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                        sbinfo->free_ispace += ispace;
                        raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                }
                simple_xattrs_free(&info->xattrs, NULL);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int shmem_xattr_handler_get(const struct xattr_handler *handler,
                                   struct dentry *unused, struct inode *inode,
                                   const char *name, void *buffer, size_t size)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);

        name = xattr_full_name(handler, name);
        return simple_xattr_get(&info->xattrs, name, buffer, size);
}

static int shmem_xattr_handler_set(const struct xattr_handler *handler,
                                   struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                                   struct dentry *unused, struct inode *inode,
                                   const char *name, const void *value,
                                   size_t size, int flags)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(inode);
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(inode->i_sb);
        struct simple_xattr *old_xattr;
        size_t ispace = 0;

        name = xattr_full_name(handler, name);
        if (value && sbinfo->max_inodes) {
                ispace = simple_xattr_space(name, size);
                raw_spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                if (sbinfo->free_ispace < ispace)
                        ispace = 0;
                else
                        sbinfo->free_ispace -= ispace;
                raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                if (!ispace)
                        return -ENOSPC;
        }

        old_xattr = simple_xattr_set(&info->xattrs, name, value, size, flags);
        if (!IS_ERR(old_xattr)) {
                ispace = 0;
                if (old_xattr && sbinfo->max_inodes)
                        ispace = simple_xattr_space(old_xattr->name,
                                                    old_xattr->size);
                simple_xattr_free(old_xattr);
                old_xattr = NULL;
                inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
                inode_inc_iversion(inode);
        }
        if (ispace) {
                raw_spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
                sbinfo->free_ispace += ispace;
                raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
        }
        return PTR_ERR(old_xattr);
}

static const struct xattr_handler shmem_security_xattr_handler = {
        .prefix = XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX,
        .get = shmem_xattr_handler_get,
        .set = shmem_xattr_handler_set,
};

static const struct xattr_handler shmem_trusted_xattr_handler = {
        .prefix = XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX,
        .get = shmem_xattr_handler_get,
        .set = shmem_xattr_handler_set,
};

static const struct xattr_handler shmem_user_xattr_handler = {
        .prefix = XATTR_USER_PREFIX,
        .get = shmem_xattr_handler_get,
        .set = shmem_xattr_handler_set,
};

static const struct xattr_handler * const shmem_xattr_handlers[] = {
        &shmem_security_xattr_handler,
        &shmem_trusted_xattr_handler,
        &shmem_user_xattr_handler,
        NULL
};

static ssize_t shmem_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, size_t size)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = SHMEM_I(d_inode(dentry));
        return simple_xattr_list(d_inode(dentry), &info->xattrs, buffer, size);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR */

static const struct inode_operations shmem_short_symlink_operations = {
        .getattr        = shmem_getattr,
        .setattr        = shmem_setattr,
        .get_link       = simple_get_link,
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
        .listxattr      = shmem_listxattr,
#endif
};

static const struct inode_operations shmem_symlink_inode_operations = {
        .getattr        = shmem_getattr,
        .setattr        = shmem_setattr,
        .get_link       = shmem_get_link,
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
        .listxattr      = shmem_listxattr,
#endif
};

static struct dentry *shmem_get_parent(struct dentry *child)
{
        return ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
}

static int shmem_match(struct inode *ino, void *vfh)
{
        __u32 *fh = vfh;
        __u64 inum = fh[2];
        inum = (inum << 32) | fh[1];
        return ino->i_ino == inum && fh[0] == ino->i_generation;
}

/* Find any alias of inode, but prefer a hashed alias */
static struct dentry *shmem_find_alias(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct dentry *alias = d_find_alias(inode);

        return alias ?: d_find_any_alias(inode);
}

static struct dentry *shmem_fh_to_dentry(struct super_block *sb,
                struct fid *fid, int fh_len, int fh_type)
{
        struct inode *inode;
        struct dentry *dentry = NULL;
        u64 inum;

        if (fh_len < 3)
                return NULL;

        inum = fid->raw[2];
        inum = (inum << 32) | fid->raw[1];

        inode = ilookup5(sb, (unsigned long)(inum + fid->raw[0]),
                        shmem_match, fid->raw);
        if (inode) {
                dentry = shmem_find_alias(inode);
                iput(inode);
        }

        return dentry;
}

static int shmem_encode_fh(struct inode *inode, __u32 *fh, int *len,
                                struct inode *parent)
{
        if (*len < 3) {
                *len = 3;
                return FILEID_INVALID;
        }

        if (inode_unhashed(inode)) {
                /* Unfortunately insert_inode_hash is not idempotent,
                 * so as we hash inodes here rather than at creation
                 * time, we need a lock to ensure we only try
                 * to do it once
                 */
                static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(lock);
                spin_lock(&lock);
                if (inode_unhashed(inode))
                        __insert_inode_hash(inode,
                                            inode->i_ino + inode->i_generation);
                spin_unlock(&lock);
        }

        fh[0] = inode->i_generation;
        fh[1] = inode->i_ino;
        fh[2] = ((__u64)inode->i_ino) >> 32;

        *len = 3;
        return 1;
}

static const struct export_operations shmem_export_ops = {
        .get_parent     = shmem_get_parent,
        .encode_fh      = shmem_encode_fh,
        .fh_to_dentry   = shmem_fh_to_dentry,
};

enum shmem_param {
        Opt_gid,
        Opt_huge,
        Opt_mode,
        Opt_mpol,
        Opt_nr_blocks,
        Opt_nr_inodes,
        Opt_size,
        Opt_uid,
        Opt_inode32,
        Opt_inode64,
        Opt_noswap,
        Opt_quota,
        Opt_usrquota,
        Opt_grpquota,
        Opt_usrquota_block_hardlimit,
        Opt_usrquota_inode_hardlimit,
        Opt_grpquota_block_hardlimit,
        Opt_grpquota_inode_hardlimit,
        Opt_casefold_version,
        Opt_casefold,
        Opt_strict_encoding,
};

static const struct constant_table shmem_param_enums_huge[] = {
        {"never",       SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER },
        {"always",      SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS },
        {"within_size", SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE },
        {"advise",      SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE },
        {}
};

const struct fs_parameter_spec shmem_fs_parameters[] = {
        fsparam_gid   ("gid",           Opt_gid),
        fsparam_enum  ("huge",          Opt_huge,  shmem_param_enums_huge),
        fsparam_u32oct("mode",          Opt_mode),
        fsparam_string("mpol",          Opt_mpol),
        fsparam_string("nr_blocks",     Opt_nr_blocks),
        fsparam_string("nr_inodes",     Opt_nr_inodes),
        fsparam_string("size",          Opt_size),
        fsparam_uid   ("uid",           Opt_uid),
        fsparam_flag  ("inode32",       Opt_inode32),
        fsparam_flag  ("inode64",       Opt_inode64),
        fsparam_flag  ("noswap",        Opt_noswap),
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
        fsparam_flag  ("quota",         Opt_quota),
        fsparam_flag  ("usrquota",      Opt_usrquota),
        fsparam_flag  ("grpquota",      Opt_grpquota),
        fsparam_string("usrquota_block_hardlimit", Opt_usrquota_block_hardlimit),
        fsparam_string("usrquota_inode_hardlimit", Opt_usrquota_inode_hardlimit),
        fsparam_string("grpquota_block_hardlimit", Opt_grpquota_block_hardlimit),
        fsparam_string("grpquota_inode_hardlimit", Opt_grpquota_inode_hardlimit),
#endif
        fsparam_string("casefold",      Opt_casefold_version),
        fsparam_flag  ("casefold",      Opt_casefold),
        fsparam_flag  ("strict_encoding", Opt_strict_encoding),
        {}
};

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE)
static int shmem_parse_opt_casefold(struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_parameter *param,
                                    bool latest_version)
{
        struct shmem_options *ctx = fc->fs_private;
        int version = UTF8_LATEST;
        struct unicode_map *encoding;
        char *version_str = param->string + 5;

        if (!latest_version) {
                if (strncmp(param->string, "utf8-", 5))
                        return invalfc(fc, "Only UTF-8 encodings are supported "
                                       "in the format: utf8-<version number>");

                version = utf8_parse_version(version_str);
                if (version < 0)
                        return invalfc(fc, "Invalid UTF-8 version: %s", version_str);
        }

        encoding = utf8_load(version);

        if (IS_ERR(encoding)) {
                return invalfc(fc, "Failed loading UTF-8 version: utf8-%u.%u.%u\n",
                               unicode_major(version), unicode_minor(version),
                               unicode_rev(version));
        }

        pr_info("tmpfs: Using encoding : utf8-%u.%u.%u\n",
                unicode_major(version), unicode_minor(version), unicode_rev(version));

        ctx->encoding = encoding;

        return 0;
}
#else
static int shmem_parse_opt_casefold(struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_parameter *param,
                                    bool latest_version)
{
        return invalfc(fc, "tmpfs: Kernel not built with CONFIG_UNICODE\n");
}
#endif

static int shmem_parse_one(struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_parameter *param)
{
        struct shmem_options *ctx = fc->fs_private;
        struct fs_parse_result result;
        unsigned long long size;
        char *rest;
        int opt;
        kuid_t kuid;
        kgid_t kgid;

        opt = fs_parse(fc, shmem_fs_parameters, param, &result);
        if (opt < 0)
                return opt;

        switch (opt) {
        case Opt_size:
                size = memparse(param->string, &rest);
                if (*rest == '%') {
                        size <<= PAGE_SHIFT;
                        size *= totalram_pages();
                        do_div(size, 100);
                        rest++;
                }
                if (*rest)
                        goto bad_value;
                ctx->blocks = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, PAGE_SIZE);
                ctx->seen |= SHMEM_SEEN_BLOCKS;
                break;
        case Opt_nr_blocks:
                ctx->blocks = memparse(param->string, &rest);
                if (*rest || ctx->blocks > LONG_MAX)
                        goto bad_value;
                ctx->seen |= SHMEM_SEEN_BLOCKS;
                break;
        case Opt_nr_inodes:
                ctx->inodes = memparse(param->string, &rest);
                if (*rest || ctx->inodes > ULONG_MAX / BOGO_INODE_SIZE)
                        goto bad_value;
                ctx->seen |= SHMEM_SEEN_INODES;
                break;
        case Opt_mode:
                ctx->mode = result.uint_32 & 07777;
                break;
        case Opt_uid:
                kuid = result.uid;

                /*
                 * The requested uid must be representable in the
                 * filesystem's idmapping.
                 */
                if (!kuid_has_mapping(fc->user_ns, kuid))
                        goto bad_value;

                ctx->uid = kuid;
                break;
        case Opt_gid:
                kgid = result.gid;

                /*
                 * The requested gid must be representable in the
                 * filesystem's idmapping.
                 */
                if (!kgid_has_mapping(fc->user_ns, kgid))
                        goto bad_value;

                ctx->gid = kgid;
                break;
        case Opt_huge:
                ctx->huge = result.uint_32;
                if (ctx->huge != SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER &&
                    !(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) &&
                      has_transparent_hugepage()))
                        goto unsupported_parameter;
                ctx->seen |= SHMEM_SEEN_HUGE;
                break;
        case Opt_mpol:
                if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA)) {
                        mpol_put(ctx->mpol);
                        ctx->mpol = NULL;
                        if (mpol_parse_str(param->string, &ctx->mpol))
                                goto bad_value;
                        break;
                }
                goto unsupported_parameter;
        case Opt_inode32:
                ctx->full_inums = false;
                ctx->seen |= SHMEM_SEEN_INUMS;
                break;
        case Opt_inode64:
                if (sizeof(ino_t) < 8) {
                        return invalfc(fc,
                                       "Cannot use inode64 with <64bit inums in kernel\n");
                }
                ctx->full_inums = true;
                ctx->seen |= SHMEM_SEEN_INUMS;
                break;
        case Opt_noswap:
                if ((fc->user_ns != &init_user_ns) || !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
                        return invalfc(fc,
                                       "Turning off swap in unprivileged tmpfs mounts unsupported");
                }
                ctx->noswap = true;
                break;
        case Opt_quota:
                if (fc->user_ns != &init_user_ns)
                        return invalfc(fc, "Quotas in unprivileged tmpfs mounts are unsupported");
                ctx->seen |= SHMEM_SEEN_QUOTA;
                ctx->quota_types |= (QTYPE_MASK_USR | QTYPE_MASK_GRP);
                break;
        case Opt_usrquota:
                if (fc->user_ns != &init_user_ns)
                        return invalfc(fc, "Quotas in unprivileged tmpfs mounts are unsupported");
                ctx->seen |= SHMEM_SEEN_QUOTA;
                ctx->quota_types |= QTYPE_MASK_USR;
                break;
        case Opt_grpquota:
                if (fc->user_ns != &init_user_ns)
                        return invalfc(fc, "Quotas in unprivileged tmpfs mounts are unsupported");
                ctx->seen |= SHMEM_SEEN_QUOTA;
                ctx->quota_types |= QTYPE_MASK_GRP;
                break;
        case Opt_usrquota_block_hardlimit:
                size = memparse(param->string, &rest);
                if (*rest || !size)
                        goto bad_value;
                if (size > SHMEM_QUOTA_MAX_SPC_LIMIT)
                        return invalfc(fc,
                                       "User quota block hardlimit too large.");
                ctx->qlimits.usrquota_bhardlimit = size;
                break;
        case Opt_grpquota_block_hardlimit:
                size = memparse(param->string, &rest);
                if (*rest || !size)
                        goto bad_value;
                if (size > SHMEM_QUOTA_MAX_SPC_LIMIT)
                        return invalfc(fc,
                                       "Group quota block hardlimit too large.");
                ctx->qlimits.grpquota_bhardlimit = size;
                break;
        case Opt_usrquota_inode_hardlimit:
                size = memparse(param->string, &rest);
                if (*rest || !size)
                        goto bad_value;
                if (size > SHMEM_QUOTA_MAX_INO_LIMIT)
                        return invalfc(fc,
                                       "User quota inode hardlimit too large.");
                ctx->qlimits.usrquota_ihardlimit = size;
                break;
        case Opt_grpquota_inode_hardlimit:
                size = memparse(param->string, &rest);
                if (*rest || !size)
                        goto bad_value;
                if (size > SHMEM_QUOTA_MAX_INO_LIMIT)
                        return invalfc(fc,
                                       "Group quota inode hardlimit too large.");
                ctx->qlimits.grpquota_ihardlimit = size;
                break;
        case Opt_casefold_version:
                return shmem_parse_opt_casefold(fc, param, false);
        case Opt_casefold:
                return shmem_parse_opt_casefold(fc, param, true);
        case Opt_strict_encoding:
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE)
                ctx->strict_encoding = true;
                break;
#else
                return invalfc(fc, "tmpfs: Kernel not built with CONFIG_UNICODE\n");
#endif
        }
        return 0;

unsupported_parameter:
        return invalfc(fc, "Unsupported parameter '%s'", param->key);
bad_value:
        return invalfc(fc, "Bad value for '%s'", param->key);
}

static char *shmem_next_opt(char **s)
{
        char *sbegin = *s;
        char *p;

        if (sbegin == NULL)
                return NULL;

        /*
         * NUL-terminate this option: unfortunately,
         * mount options form a comma-separated list,
         * but mpol's nodelist may also contain commas.
         */
        for (;;) {
                p = strchr(*s, ',');
                if (p == NULL)
                        break;
                *s = p + 1;
                if (!isdigit(*(p+1))) {
                        *p = '\0';
                        return sbegin;
                }
        }

        *s = NULL;
        return sbegin;
}

static int shmem_parse_monolithic(struct fs_context *fc, void *data)
{
        return vfs_parse_monolithic_sep(fc, data, shmem_next_opt);
}

/*
 * Reconfigure a shmem filesystem.
 */
static int shmem_reconfigure(struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct shmem_options *ctx = fc->fs_private;
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(fc->root->d_sb);
        unsigned long used_isp;
        struct mempolicy *mpol = NULL;
        const char *err;

        raw_spin_lock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
        used_isp = sbinfo->max_inodes * BOGO_INODE_SIZE - sbinfo->free_ispace;

        if ((ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_BLOCKS) && ctx->blocks) {
                if (!sbinfo->max_blocks) {
                        err = "Cannot retroactively limit size";
                        goto out;
                }
                if (percpu_counter_compare(&sbinfo->used_blocks,
                                           ctx->blocks) > 0) {
                        err = "Too small a size for current use";
                        goto out;
                }
        }
        if ((ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_INODES) && ctx->inodes) {
                if (!sbinfo->max_inodes) {
                        err = "Cannot retroactively limit inodes";
                        goto out;
                }
                if (ctx->inodes * BOGO_INODE_SIZE < used_isp) {
                        err = "Too few inodes for current use";
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        if ((ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_INUMS) && !ctx->full_inums &&
            sbinfo->next_ino > UINT_MAX) {
                err = "Current inum too high to switch to 32-bit inums";
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * "noswap" doesn't use fsparam_flag_no, i.e. there's no "swap"
         * counterpart for (re-)enabling swap.
         */
        if (ctx->noswap && !sbinfo->noswap) {
                err = "Cannot disable swap on remount";
                goto out;
        }

        if (ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_QUOTA &&
            !sb_any_quota_loaded(fc->root->d_sb)) {
                err = "Cannot enable quota on remount";
                goto out;
        }

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
#define CHANGED_LIMIT(name)                                             \
        (ctx->qlimits.name## hardlimit &&                               \
        (ctx->qlimits.name## hardlimit != sbinfo->qlimits.name## hardlimit))

        if (CHANGED_LIMIT(usrquota_b) || CHANGED_LIMIT(usrquota_i) ||
            CHANGED_LIMIT(grpquota_b) || CHANGED_LIMIT(grpquota_i)) {
                err = "Cannot change global quota limit on remount";
                goto out;
        }
#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA */

        if (ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_HUGE)
                sbinfo->huge = ctx->huge;
        if (ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_INUMS)
                sbinfo->full_inums = ctx->full_inums;
        if (ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_BLOCKS)
                sbinfo->max_blocks  = ctx->blocks;
        if (ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_INODES) {
                sbinfo->max_inodes  = ctx->inodes;
                sbinfo->free_ispace = ctx->inodes * BOGO_INODE_SIZE - used_isp;
        }

        /*
         * Preserve previous mempolicy unless mpol remount option was specified.
         */
        if (ctx->mpol) {
                mpol = sbinfo->mpol;
                sbinfo->mpol = ctx->mpol;       /* transfers initial ref */
                ctx->mpol = NULL;
        }

        if (ctx->noswap)
                sbinfo->noswap = true;

        raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
        mpol_put(mpol);
        return 0;
out:
        raw_spin_unlock(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
        return invalfc(fc, "%s", err);
}

static int shmem_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *root)
{
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(root->d_sb);
        struct mempolicy *mpol;

        if (sbinfo->max_blocks != shmem_default_max_blocks())
                seq_printf(seq, ",size=%luk", K(sbinfo->max_blocks));
        if (sbinfo->max_inodes != shmem_default_max_inodes())
                seq_printf(seq, ",nr_inodes=%lu", sbinfo->max_inodes);
        if (sbinfo->mode != (0777 | S_ISVTX))
                seq_printf(seq, ",mode=%03ho", sbinfo->mode);
        if (!uid_eq(sbinfo->uid, GLOBAL_ROOT_UID))
                seq_printf(seq, ",uid=%u",
                                from_kuid_munged(&init_user_ns, sbinfo->uid));
        if (!gid_eq(sbinfo->gid, GLOBAL_ROOT_GID))
                seq_printf(seq, ",gid=%u",
                                from_kgid_munged(&init_user_ns, sbinfo->gid));

        /*
         * Showing inode{64,32} might be useful even if it's the system default,
         * since then people don't have to resort to checking both here and
         * /proc/config.gz to confirm 64-bit inums were successfully applied
         * (which may not even exist if IKCONFIG_PROC isn't enabled).
         *
         * We hide it when inode64 isn't the default and we are using 32-bit
         * inodes, since that probably just means the feature isn't even under
         * consideration.
         *
         * As such:
         *
         *                     +-----------------+-----------------+
         *                     | TMPFS_INODE64=y | TMPFS_INODE64=n |
         *  +------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
         *  | full_inums=true  | show            | show            |
         *  | full_inums=false | show            | hide            |
         *  +------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
         *
         */
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TMPFS_INODE64) || sbinfo->full_inums)
                seq_printf(seq, ",inode%d", (sbinfo->full_inums ? 64 : 32));
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
        /* Rightly or wrongly, show huge mount option unmasked by shmem_huge */
        if (sbinfo->huge)
                seq_printf(seq, ",huge=%s", shmem_format_huge(sbinfo->huge));
#endif
        mpol = shmem_get_sbmpol(sbinfo);
        shmem_show_mpol(seq, mpol);
        mpol_put(mpol);
        if (sbinfo->noswap)
                seq_printf(seq, ",noswap");
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
        if (sb_has_quota_active(root->d_sb, USRQUOTA))
                seq_printf(seq, ",usrquota");
        if (sb_has_quota_active(root->d_sb, GRPQUOTA))
                seq_printf(seq, ",grpquota");
        if (sbinfo->qlimits.usrquota_bhardlimit)
                seq_printf(seq, ",usrquota_block_hardlimit=%lld",
                           sbinfo->qlimits.usrquota_bhardlimit);
        if (sbinfo->qlimits.grpquota_bhardlimit)
                seq_printf(seq, ",grpquota_block_hardlimit=%lld",
                           sbinfo->qlimits.grpquota_bhardlimit);
        if (sbinfo->qlimits.usrquota_ihardlimit)
                seq_printf(seq, ",usrquota_inode_hardlimit=%lld",
                           sbinfo->qlimits.usrquota_ihardlimit);
        if (sbinfo->qlimits.grpquota_ihardlimit)
                seq_printf(seq, ",grpquota_inode_hardlimit=%lld",
                           sbinfo->qlimits.grpquota_ihardlimit);
#endif
        return 0;
}

#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS */

static void shmem_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
{
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo = SHMEM_SB(sb);

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE)
        if (sb->s_encoding)
                utf8_unload(sb->s_encoding);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
        shmem_disable_quotas(sb);
#endif
        free_percpu(sbinfo->ino_batch);
        percpu_counter_destroy(&sbinfo->used_blocks);
        mpol_put(sbinfo->mpol);
        kfree(sbinfo);
        sb->s_fs_info = NULL;
}

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE) && defined(CONFIG_TMPFS)
static const struct dentry_operations shmem_ci_dentry_ops = {
        .d_hash = generic_ci_d_hash,
        .d_compare = generic_ci_d_compare,
};
#endif

static int shmem_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct shmem_options *ctx = fc->fs_private;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct shmem_sb_info *sbinfo;
        int error = -ENOMEM;

        /* Round up to L1_CACHE_BYTES to resist false sharing */
        sbinfo = kzalloc(max((int)sizeof(struct shmem_sb_info),
                                L1_CACHE_BYTES), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!sbinfo)
                return error;

        sb->s_fs_info = sbinfo;

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
        /*
         * Per default we only allow half of the physical ram per
         * tmpfs instance, limiting inodes to one per page of lowmem;
         * but the internal instance is left unlimited.
         */
        if (!(sb->s_flags & SB_KERNMOUNT)) {
                if (!(ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_BLOCKS))
                        ctx->blocks = shmem_default_max_blocks();
                if (!(ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_INODES))
                        ctx->inodes = shmem_default_max_inodes();
                if (!(ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_INUMS))
                        ctx->full_inums = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TMPFS_INODE64);
                sbinfo->noswap = ctx->noswap;
        } else {
                sb->s_flags |= SB_NOUSER;
        }
        sb->s_export_op = &shmem_export_ops;
        sb->s_flags |= SB_NOSEC;

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE)
        if (!ctx->encoding && ctx->strict_encoding) {
                pr_err("tmpfs: strict_encoding option without encoding is forbidden\n");
                error = -EINVAL;
                goto failed;
        }

        if (ctx->encoding) {
                sb->s_encoding = ctx->encoding;
                set_default_d_op(sb, &shmem_ci_dentry_ops);
                if (ctx->strict_encoding)
                        sb->s_encoding_flags = SB_ENC_STRICT_MODE_FL;
        }
#endif

#else
        sb->s_flags |= SB_NOUSER;
#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS */
        sb->s_d_flags |= DCACHE_DONTCACHE;
        sbinfo->max_blocks = ctx->blocks;
        sbinfo->max_inodes = ctx->inodes;
        sbinfo->free_ispace = sbinfo->max_inodes * BOGO_INODE_SIZE;
        if (sb->s_flags & SB_KERNMOUNT) {
                sbinfo->ino_batch = alloc_percpu(ino_t);
                if (!sbinfo->ino_batch)
                        goto failed;
        }
        sbinfo->uid = ctx->uid;
        sbinfo->gid = ctx->gid;
        sbinfo->full_inums = ctx->full_inums;
        sbinfo->mode = ctx->mode;
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
        if (ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_HUGE)
                sbinfo->huge = ctx->huge;
        else
                sbinfo->huge = tmpfs_huge;
#endif
        sbinfo->mpol = ctx->mpol;
        ctx->mpol = NULL;

        raw_spin_lock_init(&sbinfo->stat_lock);
        if (percpu_counter_init(&sbinfo->used_blocks, 0, GFP_KERNEL))
                goto failed;
        spin_lock_init(&sbinfo->shrinklist_lock);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sbinfo->shrinklist);

        sb->s_maxbytes = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
        sb->s_blocksize = PAGE_SIZE;
        sb->s_blocksize_bits = PAGE_SHIFT;
        sb->s_magic = TMPFS_MAGIC;
        sb->s_op = &shmem_ops;
        sb->s_time_gran = 1;
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
        sb->s_xattr = shmem_xattr_handlers;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
        sb->s_flags |= SB_POSIXACL;
#endif
        uuid_t uuid;
        uuid_gen(&uuid);
        super_set_uuid(sb, uuid.b, sizeof(uuid));

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
        if (ctx->seen & SHMEM_SEEN_QUOTA) {
                sb->dq_op = &shmem_quota_operations;
                sb->s_qcop = &dquot_quotactl_sysfile_ops;
                sb->s_quota_types = QTYPE_MASK_USR | QTYPE_MASK_GRP;

                /* Copy the default limits from ctx into sbinfo */
                memcpy(&sbinfo->qlimits, &ctx->qlimits,
                       sizeof(struct shmem_quota_limits));

                if (shmem_enable_quotas(sb, ctx->quota_types))
                        goto failed;
        }
#endif /* CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA */

        inode = shmem_get_inode(&nop_mnt_idmap, sb, NULL,
                                S_IFDIR | sbinfo->mode, 0,
                                mk_vma_flags(VMA_NORESERVE_BIT));
        if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
                error = PTR_ERR(inode);
                goto failed;
        }
        inode->i_uid = sbinfo->uid;
        inode->i_gid = sbinfo->gid;
        sb->s_root = d_make_root(inode);
        if (!sb->s_root)
                goto failed;
        return 0;

failed:
        shmem_put_super(sb);
        return error;
}

static int shmem_get_tree(struct fs_context *fc)
{
        return get_tree_nodev(fc, shmem_fill_super);
}

static void shmem_free_fc(struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct shmem_options *ctx = fc->fs_private;

        if (ctx) {
                mpol_put(ctx->mpol);
                kfree(ctx);
        }
}

static const struct fs_context_operations shmem_fs_context_ops = {
        .free                   = shmem_free_fc,
        .get_tree               = shmem_get_tree,
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
        .parse_monolithic       = shmem_parse_monolithic,
        .parse_param            = shmem_parse_one,
        .reconfigure            = shmem_reconfigure,
#endif
};

static struct kmem_cache *shmem_inode_cachep __ro_after_init;

static struct inode *shmem_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info;
        info = alloc_inode_sb(sb, shmem_inode_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!info)
                return NULL;
        return &info->vfs_inode;
}

static void shmem_free_in_core_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
                kfree(inode->i_link);
        kmem_cache_free(shmem_inode_cachep, SHMEM_I(inode));
}

static void shmem_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                mpol_free_shared_policy(&SHMEM_I(inode)->policy);
        if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
                simple_offset_destroy(shmem_get_offset_ctx(inode));
}

static void shmem_init_inode(void *foo)
{
        struct shmem_inode_info *info = foo;
        inode_init_once(&info->vfs_inode);
}

static void __init shmem_init_inodecache(void)
{
        shmem_inode_cachep = kmem_cache_create("shmem_inode_cache",
                                sizeof(struct shmem_inode_info),
                                0, SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT, shmem_init_inode);
}

static void __init shmem_destroy_inodecache(void)
{
        kmem_cache_destroy(shmem_inode_cachep);
}

/* Keep the page in page cache instead of truncating it */
static int shmem_error_remove_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
                                   struct folio *folio)
{
        return 0;
}

static const struct address_space_operations shmem_aops = {
        .dirty_folio    = noop_dirty_folio,
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
        .write_begin    = shmem_write_begin,
        .write_end      = shmem_write_end,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
        .migrate_folio  = migrate_folio,
#endif
        .error_remove_folio = shmem_error_remove_folio,
};

static const struct file_operations shmem_file_operations = {
        .mmap_prepare   = shmem_mmap_prepare,
        .open           = shmem_file_open,
        .get_unmapped_area = shmem_get_unmapped_area,
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
        .llseek         = shmem_file_llseek,
        .read_iter      = shmem_file_read_iter,
        .write_iter     = shmem_file_write_iter,
        .fsync          = noop_fsync,
        .splice_read    = shmem_file_splice_read,
        .splice_write   = iter_file_splice_write,
        .fallocate      = shmem_fallocate,
        .setlease       = generic_setlease,
#endif
};

static const struct inode_operations shmem_inode_operations = {
        .getattr        = shmem_getattr,
        .setattr        = shmem_setattr,
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
        .listxattr      = shmem_listxattr,
        .set_acl        = simple_set_acl,
        .fileattr_get   = shmem_fileattr_get,
        .fileattr_set   = shmem_fileattr_set,
#endif
};

static const struct inode_operations shmem_dir_inode_operations = {
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
        .getattr        = shmem_getattr,
        .create         = shmem_create,
        .lookup         = simple_lookup,
        .link           = shmem_link,
        .unlink         = shmem_unlink,
        .symlink        = shmem_symlink,
        .mkdir          = shmem_mkdir,
        .rmdir          = shmem_rmdir,
        .mknod          = shmem_mknod,
        .rename         = shmem_rename2,
        .tmpfile        = shmem_tmpfile,
        .get_offset_ctx = shmem_get_offset_ctx,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
        .listxattr      = shmem_listxattr,
        .fileattr_get   = shmem_fileattr_get,
        .fileattr_set   = shmem_fileattr_set,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
        .setattr        = shmem_setattr,
        .set_acl        = simple_set_acl,
#endif
};

static const struct inode_operations shmem_special_inode_operations = {
        .getattr        = shmem_getattr,
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
        .listxattr      = shmem_listxattr,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
        .setattr        = shmem_setattr,
        .set_acl        = simple_set_acl,
#endif
};

static const struct super_operations shmem_ops = {
        .alloc_inode    = shmem_alloc_inode,
        .free_inode     = shmem_free_in_core_inode,
        .destroy_inode  = shmem_destroy_inode,
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
        .statfs         = shmem_statfs,
        .show_options   = shmem_show_options,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
        .get_dquots     = shmem_get_dquots,
#endif
        .evict_inode    = shmem_evict_inode,
        .drop_inode     = inode_just_drop,
        .put_super      = shmem_put_super,
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
        .nr_cached_objects      = shmem_unused_huge_count,
        .free_cached_objects    = shmem_unused_huge_scan,
#endif
};

static const struct vm_operations_struct shmem_vm_ops = {
        .fault          = shmem_fault,
        .map_pages      = filemap_map_pages,
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
        .set_policy     = shmem_set_policy,
        .get_policy     = shmem_get_policy,
#endif
};

static const struct vm_operations_struct shmem_anon_vm_ops = {
        .fault          = shmem_fault,
        .map_pages      = filemap_map_pages,
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
        .set_policy     = shmem_set_policy,
        .get_policy     = shmem_get_policy,
#endif
};

int shmem_init_fs_context(struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct shmem_options *ctx;

        ctx = kzalloc_obj(struct shmem_options);
        if (!ctx)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ctx->mode = 0777 | S_ISVTX;
        ctx->uid = current_fsuid();
        ctx->gid = current_fsgid();

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE)
        ctx->encoding = NULL;
#endif

        fc->fs_private = ctx;
        fc->ops = &shmem_fs_context_ops;
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
        fc->sb_flags |= SB_I_VERSION;
#endif
        return 0;
}

static struct file_system_type shmem_fs_type = {
        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
        .name           = "tmpfs",
        .init_fs_context = shmem_init_fs_context,
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS
        .parameters     = shmem_fs_parameters,
#endif
        .kill_sb        = kill_anon_super,
        .fs_flags       = FS_USERNS_MOUNT | FS_ALLOW_IDMAP | FS_MGTIME,
};

#if defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_TMPFS)

#define __INIT_KOBJ_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store)                   \
{                                                                       \
        .attr   = { .name = __stringify(_name), .mode = _mode },        \
        .show   = _show,                                                \
        .store  = _store,                                               \
}

#define TMPFS_ATTR_W(_name, _store)                             \
        static struct kobj_attribute tmpfs_attr_##_name =       \
                        __INIT_KOBJ_ATTR(_name, 0200, NULL, _store)

#define TMPFS_ATTR_RW(_name, _show, _store)                     \
        static struct kobj_attribute tmpfs_attr_##_name =       \
                        __INIT_KOBJ_ATTR(_name, 0644, _show, _store)

#define TMPFS_ATTR_RO(_name, _show)                             \
        static struct kobj_attribute tmpfs_attr_##_name =       \
                        __INIT_KOBJ_ATTR(_name, 0444, _show, NULL)

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE)
static ssize_t casefold_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *a,
                        char *buf)
{
                return sysfs_emit(buf, "supported\n");
}
TMPFS_ATTR_RO(casefold, casefold_show);
#endif

static struct attribute *tmpfs_attributes[] = {
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UNICODE)
        &tmpfs_attr_casefold.attr,
#endif
        NULL
};

static const struct attribute_group tmpfs_attribute_group = {
        .attrs = tmpfs_attributes,
        .name = "features"
};

static struct kobject *tmpfs_kobj;

static int __init tmpfs_sysfs_init(void)
{
        int ret;

        tmpfs_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("tmpfs", fs_kobj);
        if (!tmpfs_kobj)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ret = sysfs_create_group(tmpfs_kobj, &tmpfs_attribute_group);
        if (ret)
                kobject_put(tmpfs_kobj);

        return ret;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS && CONFIG_TMPFS */

void __init shmem_init(void)
{
        int error;

        shmem_init_inodecache();

#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
        register_quota_format(&shmem_quota_format);
#endif

        error = register_filesystem(&shmem_fs_type);
        if (error) {
                pr_err("Could not register tmpfs\n");
                goto out2;
        }

        shm_mnt = kern_mount(&shmem_fs_type);
        if (IS_ERR(shm_mnt)) {
                error = PTR_ERR(shm_mnt);
                pr_err("Could not kern_mount tmpfs\n");
                goto out1;
        }

#if defined(CONFIG_SYSFS) && defined(CONFIG_TMPFS)
        error = tmpfs_sysfs_init();
        if (error) {
                pr_err("Could not init tmpfs sysfs\n");
                goto out1;
        }
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
        if (has_transparent_hugepage() && shmem_huge > SHMEM_HUGE_DENY)
                SHMEM_SB(shm_mnt->mnt_sb)->huge = shmem_huge;
        else
                shmem_huge = SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER; /* just in case it was patched */

        /*
         * Default to setting PMD-sized THP to inherit the global setting and
         * disable all other multi-size THPs.
         */
        if (!shmem_orders_configured)
                huge_shmem_orders_inherit = BIT(HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
#endif
        return;

out1:
        unregister_filesystem(&shmem_fs_type);
out2:
#ifdef CONFIG_TMPFS_QUOTA
        unregister_quota_format(&shmem_quota_format);
#endif
        shmem_destroy_inodecache();
        shm_mnt = ERR_PTR(error);
}

#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) && defined(CONFIG_SYSFS)
static ssize_t shmem_enabled_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                  struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        static const int values[] = {
                SHMEM_HUGE_ALWAYS,
                SHMEM_HUGE_WITHIN_SIZE,
                SHMEM_HUGE_ADVISE,
                SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER,
                SHMEM_HUGE_DENY,
                SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE,
        };
        int len = 0;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(values); i++) {
                len += sysfs_emit_at(buf, len,
                                shmem_huge == values[i] ? "%s[%s]" : "%s%s",
                                i ? " " : "", shmem_format_huge(values[i]));
        }
        len += sysfs_emit_at(buf, len, "\n");

        return len;
}

static ssize_t shmem_enabled_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        char tmp[16];
        int huge, err;

        if (count + 1 > sizeof(tmp))
                return -EINVAL;
        memcpy(tmp, buf, count);
        tmp[count] = '\0';
        if (count && tmp[count - 1] == '\n')
                tmp[count - 1] = '\0';

        huge = shmem_parse_huge(tmp);
        if (huge == -EINVAL)
                return huge;

        shmem_huge = huge;
        if (shmem_huge > SHMEM_HUGE_DENY)
                SHMEM_SB(shm_mnt->mnt_sb)->huge = shmem_huge;

        err = start_stop_khugepaged();
        return err ? err : count;
}

struct kobj_attribute shmem_enabled_attr = __ATTR_RW(shmem_enabled);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(huge_shmem_orders_lock);

static ssize_t thpsize_shmem_enabled_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                          struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        int order = to_thpsize(kobj)->order;
        const char *output;

        if (test_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_always))
                output = "[always] inherit within_size advise never";
        else if (test_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_inherit))
                output = "always [inherit] within_size advise never";
        else if (test_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_within_size))
                output = "always inherit [within_size] advise never";
        else if (test_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_madvise))
                output = "always inherit within_size [advise] never";
        else
                output = "always inherit within_size advise [never]";

        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", output);
}

static ssize_t thpsize_shmem_enabled_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                                           struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                           const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        int order = to_thpsize(kobj)->order;
        ssize_t ret = count;

        if (sysfs_streq(buf, "always")) {
                spin_lock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_inherit);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_madvise);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_within_size);
                set_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_always);
                spin_unlock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "inherit")) {
                /* Do not override huge allocation policy with non-PMD sized mTHP */
                if (shmem_huge == SHMEM_HUGE_FORCE &&
                    order != HPAGE_PMD_ORDER)
                        return -EINVAL;

                spin_lock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_always);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_madvise);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_within_size);
                set_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_inherit);
                spin_unlock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "within_size")) {
                spin_lock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_always);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_inherit);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_madvise);
                set_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_within_size);
                spin_unlock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "advise")) {
                spin_lock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_always);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_inherit);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_within_size);
                set_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_madvise);
                spin_unlock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "never")) {
                spin_lock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_always);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_inherit);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_within_size);
                clear_bit(order, &huge_shmem_orders_madvise);
                spin_unlock(&huge_shmem_orders_lock);
        } else {
                ret = -EINVAL;
        }

        if (ret > 0) {
                int err = start_stop_khugepaged();

                if (err)
                        ret = err;
        }
        return ret;
}

struct kobj_attribute thpsize_shmem_enabled_attr =
        __ATTR(shmem_enabled, 0644, thpsize_shmem_enabled_show, thpsize_shmem_enabled_store);
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE && CONFIG_SYSFS */

#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE)

static int __init setup_transparent_hugepage_shmem(char *str)
{
        int huge;

        huge = shmem_parse_huge(str);
        if (huge == -EINVAL) {
                pr_warn("transparent_hugepage_shmem= cannot parse, ignored\n");
                return huge;
        }

        shmem_huge = huge;
        return 1;
}
__setup("transparent_hugepage_shmem=", setup_transparent_hugepage_shmem);

static int __init setup_transparent_hugepage_tmpfs(char *str)
{
        int huge;

        huge = shmem_parse_huge(str);
        if (huge < 0) {
                pr_warn("transparent_hugepage_tmpfs= cannot parse, ignored\n");
                return huge;
        }

        tmpfs_huge = huge;
        return 1;
}
__setup("transparent_hugepage_tmpfs=", setup_transparent_hugepage_tmpfs);

static char str_dup[PAGE_SIZE] __initdata;
static int __init setup_thp_shmem(char *str)
{
        char *token, *range, *policy, *subtoken;
        unsigned long always, inherit, madvise, within_size;
        char *start_size, *end_size;
        int start, end, nr;
        char *p;

        if (!str || strlen(str) + 1 > PAGE_SIZE)
                goto err;
        strscpy(str_dup, str);

        always = huge_shmem_orders_always;
        inherit = huge_shmem_orders_inherit;
        madvise = huge_shmem_orders_madvise;
        within_size = huge_shmem_orders_within_size;
        p = str_dup;
        while ((token = strsep(&p, ";")) != NULL) {
                range = strsep(&token, ":");
                policy = token;

                if (!policy)
                        goto err;

                while ((subtoken = strsep(&range, ",")) != NULL) {
                        if (strchr(subtoken, '-')) {
                                start_size = strsep(&subtoken, "-");
                                end_size = subtoken;

                                start = get_order_from_str(start_size,
                                                           THP_ORDERS_ALL_FILE_DEFAULT);
                                end = get_order_from_str(end_size,
                                                         THP_ORDERS_ALL_FILE_DEFAULT);
                        } else {
                                start_size = end_size = subtoken;
                                start = end = get_order_from_str(subtoken,
                                                                 THP_ORDERS_ALL_FILE_DEFAULT);
                        }

                        if (start < 0) {
                                pr_err("invalid size %s in thp_shmem boot parameter\n",
                                       start_size);
                                goto err;
                        }

                        if (end < 0) {
                                pr_err("invalid size %s in thp_shmem boot parameter\n",
                                       end_size);
                                goto err;
                        }

                        if (start > end)
                                goto err;

                        nr = end - start + 1;
                        if (!strcmp(policy, "always")) {
                                bitmap_set(&always, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&inherit, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&madvise, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&within_size, start, nr);
                        } else if (!strcmp(policy, "advise")) {
                                bitmap_set(&madvise, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&inherit, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&always, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&within_size, start, nr);
                        } else if (!strcmp(policy, "inherit")) {
                                bitmap_set(&inherit, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&madvise, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&always, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&within_size, start, nr);
                        } else if (!strcmp(policy, "within_size")) {
                                bitmap_set(&within_size, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&inherit, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&madvise, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&always, start, nr);
                        } else if (!strcmp(policy, "never")) {
                                bitmap_clear(&inherit, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&madvise, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&always, start, nr);
                                bitmap_clear(&within_size, start, nr);
                        } else {
                                pr_err("invalid policy %s in thp_shmem boot parameter\n", policy);
                                goto err;
                        }
                }
        }

        huge_shmem_orders_always = always;
        huge_shmem_orders_madvise = madvise;
        huge_shmem_orders_inherit = inherit;
        huge_shmem_orders_within_size = within_size;
        shmem_orders_configured = true;
        return 1;

err:
        pr_warn("thp_shmem=%s: error parsing string, ignoring setting\n", str);
        return 0;
}
__setup("thp_shmem=", setup_thp_shmem);

#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */

#else /* !CONFIG_SHMEM */

/*
 * tiny-shmem: simple shmemfs and tmpfs using ramfs code
 *
 * This is intended for small system where the benefits of the full
 * shmem code (swap-backed and resource-limited) are outweighed by
 * their complexity. On systems without swap this code should be
 * effectively equivalent, but much lighter weight.
 */

static struct file_system_type shmem_fs_type = {
        .name           = "tmpfs",
        .init_fs_context = ramfs_init_fs_context,
        .parameters     = ramfs_fs_parameters,
        .kill_sb        = ramfs_kill_sb,
        .fs_flags       = FS_USERNS_MOUNT,
};

void __init shmem_init(void)
{
        BUG_ON(register_filesystem(&shmem_fs_type) != 0);

        shm_mnt = kern_mount(&shmem_fs_type);
        BUG_ON(IS_ERR(shm_mnt));
}

int shmem_unuse(unsigned int type)
{
        return 0;
}

int shmem_lock(struct file *file, int lock, struct ucounts *ucounts)
{
        return 0;
}

void shmem_unlock_mapping(struct address_space *mapping)
{
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
unsigned long shmem_get_unmapped_area(struct file *file,
                                      unsigned long addr, unsigned long len,
                                      unsigned long pgoff, unsigned long flags)
{
        return mm_get_unmapped_area(file, addr, len, pgoff, flags);
}
#endif

void shmem_truncate_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t lstart, uoff_t lend)
{
        truncate_inode_pages_range(inode->i_mapping, lstart, lend);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_truncate_range);

#define shmem_vm_ops                            generic_file_vm_ops
#define shmem_anon_vm_ops                       generic_file_vm_ops
#define shmem_file_operations                   ramfs_file_operations

static inline int shmem_acct_size(unsigned long flags, loff_t size)
{
        return 0;
}

static inline void shmem_unacct_size(unsigned long flags, loff_t size)
{
}

static inline struct inode *shmem_get_inode(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
                                struct super_block *sb, struct inode *dir,
                                umode_t mode, dev_t dev, vma_flags_t flags)
{
        struct inode *inode = ramfs_get_inode(sb, dir, mode, dev);
        return inode ? inode : ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
}

#endif /* CONFIG_SHMEM */

/* common code */

static struct file *__shmem_file_setup(struct vfsmount *mnt, const char *name,
                                       loff_t size, vma_flags_t flags,
                                       unsigned int i_flags)
{
        const unsigned long shmem_flags =
                vma_flags_test(&flags, VMA_NORESERVE_BIT) ? SHMEM_F_NORESERVE : 0;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct file *res;

        if (IS_ERR(mnt))
                return ERR_CAST(mnt);

        if (size < 0 || size > MAX_LFS_FILESIZE)
                return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

        if (is_idmapped_mnt(mnt))
                return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

        if (shmem_acct_size(shmem_flags, size))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        inode = shmem_get_inode(&nop_mnt_idmap, mnt->mnt_sb, NULL,
                                S_IFREG | S_IRWXUGO, 0, flags);
        if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
                shmem_unacct_size(shmem_flags, size);
                return ERR_CAST(inode);
        }
        inode->i_flags |= i_flags;
        inode->i_size = size;
        clear_nlink(inode);     /* It is unlinked */
        res = ERR_PTR(ramfs_nommu_expand_for_mapping(inode, size));
        if (!IS_ERR(res))
                res = alloc_file_pseudo(inode, mnt, name, O_RDWR,
                                &shmem_file_operations);
        if (IS_ERR(res))
                iput(inode);
        return res;
}

/**
 * shmem_kernel_file_setup - get an unlinked file living in tmpfs which must be
 *      kernel internal.  There will be NO LSM permission checks against the
 *      underlying inode.  So users of this interface must do LSM checks at a
 *      higher layer.  The users are the big_key and shm implementations.  LSM
 *      checks are provided at the key or shm level rather than the inode.
 * @name: name for dentry (to be seen in /proc/<pid>/maps)
 * @size: size to be set for the file
 * @flags: VMA_NORESERVE_BIT suppresses pre-accounting of the entire object size
 */
struct file *shmem_kernel_file_setup(const char *name, loff_t size,
                                     vma_flags_t flags)
{
        return __shmem_file_setup(shm_mnt, name, size, flags, S_PRIVATE);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_kernel_file_setup);

/**
 * shmem_file_setup - get an unlinked file living in tmpfs
 * @name: name for dentry (to be seen in /proc/<pid>/maps)
 * @size: size to be set for the file
 * @flags: VMA_NORESERVE_BIT suppresses pre-accounting of the entire object size
 */
struct file *shmem_file_setup(const char *name, loff_t size, vma_flags_t flags)
{
        return __shmem_file_setup(shm_mnt, name, size, flags, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_file_setup);

/**
 * shmem_file_setup_with_mnt - get an unlinked file living in tmpfs
 * @mnt: the tmpfs mount where the file will be created
 * @name: name for dentry (to be seen in /proc/<pid>/maps)
 * @size: size to be set for the file
 * @flags: VMA_NORESERVE_BIT suppresses pre-accounting of the entire object size
 */
struct file *shmem_file_setup_with_mnt(struct vfsmount *mnt, const char *name,
                                       loff_t size, vma_flags_t flags)
{
        return __shmem_file_setup(mnt, name, size, flags, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_file_setup_with_mnt);

static struct file *__shmem_zero_setup(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
                vma_flags_t flags)
{
        loff_t size = end - start;

        /*
         * Cloning a new file under mmap_lock leads to a lock ordering conflict
         * between XFS directory reading and selinux: since this file is only
         * accessible to the user through its mapping, use S_PRIVATE flag to
         * bypass file security, in the same way as shmem_kernel_file_setup().
         */
        return shmem_kernel_file_setup("dev/zero", size, flags);
}

/**
 * shmem_zero_setup - setup a shared anonymous mapping
 * @vma: the vma to be mmapped is prepared by do_mmap
 * Returns: 0 on success, or error
 */
int shmem_zero_setup(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        struct file *file = __shmem_zero_setup(vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, vma->flags);

        if (IS_ERR(file))
                return PTR_ERR(file);

        if (vma->vm_file)
                fput(vma->vm_file);
        vma->vm_file = file;
        vma->vm_ops = &shmem_anon_vm_ops;

        return 0;
}

/**
 * shmem_zero_setup_desc - same as shmem_zero_setup, but determined by VMA
 * descriptor for convenience.
 * @desc: Describes VMA
 * Returns: 0 on success, or error
 */
int shmem_zero_setup_desc(struct vm_area_desc *desc)
{
        struct file *file = __shmem_zero_setup(desc->start, desc->end, desc->vma_flags);

        if (IS_ERR(file))
                return PTR_ERR(file);

        desc->vm_file = file;
        desc->vm_ops = &shmem_anon_vm_ops;

        return 0;
}

/**
 * shmem_read_folio_gfp - read into page cache, using specified page allocation flags.
 * @mapping:    the folio's address_space
 * @index:      the folio index
 * @gfp:        the page allocator flags to use if allocating
 *
 * This behaves as a tmpfs "read_cache_page_gfp(mapping, index, gfp)",
 * with any new page allocations done using the specified allocation flags.
 * But read_cache_page_gfp() uses the ->read_folio() method: which does not
 * suit tmpfs, since it may have pages in swapcache, and needs to find those
 * for itself; although drivers/gpu/drm i915 and ttm rely upon this support.
 *
 * i915_gem_object_get_pages_gtt() mixes __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOWARN in
 * with the mapping_gfp_mask(), to avoid OOMing the machine unnecessarily.
 */
struct folio *shmem_read_folio_gfp(struct address_space *mapping,
                pgoff_t index, gfp_t gfp)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        struct folio *folio;
        int error;

        error = shmem_get_folio_gfp(inode, index, i_size_read(inode),
                                    &folio, SGP_CACHE, gfp, NULL, NULL);
        if (error)
                return ERR_PTR(error);

        folio_unlock(folio);
        return folio;
#else
        /*
         * The tiny !SHMEM case uses ramfs without swap
         */
        return mapping_read_folio_gfp(mapping, index, gfp);
#endif
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_read_folio_gfp);

struct page *shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp(struct address_space *mapping,
                                         pgoff_t index, gfp_t gfp)
{
        struct folio *folio = shmem_read_folio_gfp(mapping, index, gfp);
        struct page *page;

        if (IS_ERR(folio))
                return &folio->page;

        page = folio_file_page(folio, index);
        if (PageHWPoison(page)) {
                folio_put(folio);
                return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
        }

        return page;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(shmem_read_mapping_page_gfp);