// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/khugepaged.h>
#include <linux/freezer.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/hashtable.h>
#include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
#include <linux/page_idle.h>
#include <linux/page_table_check.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate_wait.h>
#include <linux/leafops.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <linux/dax.h>
#include <linux/ksm.h>
#include <linux/pgalloc.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>

#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include "internal.h"
#include "mm_slot.h"

enum scan_result {
        SCAN_FAIL,
        SCAN_SUCCEED,
        SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE,
        SCAN_PMD_MAPPED,
        SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE,
        SCAN_EXCEED_SWAP_PTE,
        SCAN_EXCEED_SHARED_PTE,
        SCAN_PTE_NON_PRESENT,
        SCAN_PTE_UFFD_WP,
        SCAN_PTE_MAPPED_HUGEPAGE,
        SCAN_LACK_REFERENCED_PAGE,
        SCAN_PAGE_NULL,
        SCAN_SCAN_ABORT,
        SCAN_PAGE_COUNT,
        SCAN_PAGE_LRU,
        SCAN_PAGE_LOCK,
        SCAN_PAGE_ANON,
        SCAN_PAGE_COMPOUND,
        SCAN_ANY_PROCESS,
        SCAN_VMA_NULL,
        SCAN_VMA_CHECK,
        SCAN_ADDRESS_RANGE,
        SCAN_DEL_PAGE_LRU,
        SCAN_ALLOC_HUGE_PAGE_FAIL,
        SCAN_CGROUP_CHARGE_FAIL,
        SCAN_TRUNCATED,
        SCAN_PAGE_HAS_PRIVATE,
        SCAN_STORE_FAILED,
        SCAN_COPY_MC,
        SCAN_PAGE_FILLED,
        SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK,
};

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/huge_memory.h>

static struct task_struct *khugepaged_thread __read_mostly;
static DEFINE_MUTEX(khugepaged_mutex);

/* default scan 8*HPAGE_PMD_NR ptes (or vmas) every 10 second */
static unsigned int khugepaged_pages_to_scan __read_mostly;
static unsigned int khugepaged_pages_collapsed;
static unsigned int khugepaged_full_scans;
static unsigned int khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs __read_mostly = 10000;
/* during fragmentation poll the hugepage allocator once every minute */
static unsigned int khugepaged_alloc_sleep_millisecs __read_mostly = 60000;
static unsigned long khugepaged_sleep_expire;
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(khugepaged_mm_lock);
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(khugepaged_wait);
/*
 * default collapse hugepages if there is at least one pte mapped like
 * it would have happened if the vma was large enough during page
 * fault.
 *
 * Note that these are only respected if collapse was initiated by khugepaged.
 */
unsigned int khugepaged_max_ptes_none __read_mostly;
static unsigned int khugepaged_max_ptes_swap __read_mostly;
static unsigned int khugepaged_max_ptes_shared __read_mostly;

#define MM_SLOTS_HASH_BITS 10
static DEFINE_READ_MOSTLY_HASHTABLE(mm_slots_hash, MM_SLOTS_HASH_BITS);

static struct kmem_cache *mm_slot_cache __ro_after_init;

struct collapse_control {
        bool is_khugepaged;

        /* Num pages scanned per node */
        u32 node_load[MAX_NUMNODES];

        /* nodemask for allocation fallback */
        nodemask_t alloc_nmask;
};

/**
 * struct khugepaged_scan - cursor for scanning
 * @mm_head: the head of the mm list to scan
 * @mm_slot: the current mm_slot we are scanning
 * @address: the next address inside that to be scanned
 *
 * There is only the one khugepaged_scan instance of this cursor structure.
 */
struct khugepaged_scan {
        struct list_head mm_head;
        struct mm_slot *mm_slot;
        unsigned long address;
};

static struct khugepaged_scan khugepaged_scan = {
        .mm_head = LIST_HEAD_INIT(khugepaged_scan.mm_head),
};

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
static ssize_t scan_sleep_millisecs_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                         struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                         char *buf)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs);
}

static ssize_t __sleep_millisecs_store(const char *buf, size_t count,
                                       unsigned int *millisecs)
{
        unsigned int msecs;
        int err;

        err = kstrtouint(buf, 10, &msecs);
        if (err)
                return -EINVAL;

        *millisecs = msecs;
        khugepaged_sleep_expire = 0;
        wake_up_interruptible(&khugepaged_wait);

        return count;
}

static ssize_t scan_sleep_millisecs_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                                          struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                          const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        return __sleep_millisecs_store(buf, count, &khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs);
}
static struct kobj_attribute scan_sleep_millisecs_attr =
        __ATTR_RW(scan_sleep_millisecs);

static ssize_t alloc_sleep_millisecs_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                          struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                          char *buf)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_alloc_sleep_millisecs);
}

static ssize_t alloc_sleep_millisecs_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                                           struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                           const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        return __sleep_millisecs_store(buf, count, &khugepaged_alloc_sleep_millisecs);
}
static struct kobj_attribute alloc_sleep_millisecs_attr =
        __ATTR_RW(alloc_sleep_millisecs);

static ssize_t pages_to_scan_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                  struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                  char *buf)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_pages_to_scan);
}
static ssize_t pages_to_scan_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                                   struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                   const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        unsigned int pages;
        int err;

        err = kstrtouint(buf, 10, &pages);
        if (err || !pages)
                return -EINVAL;

        khugepaged_pages_to_scan = pages;

        return count;
}
static struct kobj_attribute pages_to_scan_attr =
        __ATTR_RW(pages_to_scan);

static ssize_t pages_collapsed_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                    struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                    char *buf)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_pages_collapsed);
}
static struct kobj_attribute pages_collapsed_attr =
        __ATTR_RO(pages_collapsed);

static ssize_t full_scans_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                               struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                               char *buf)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_full_scans);
}
static struct kobj_attribute full_scans_attr =
        __ATTR_RO(full_scans);

static ssize_t defrag_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                           struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        return single_hugepage_flag_show(kobj, attr, buf,
                                         TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG);
}
static ssize_t defrag_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                            struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                            const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        return single_hugepage_flag_store(kobj, attr, buf, count,
                                 TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG);
}
static struct kobj_attribute khugepaged_defrag_attr =
        __ATTR_RW(defrag);

/*
 * max_ptes_none controls if khugepaged should collapse hugepages over
 * any unmapped ptes in turn potentially increasing the memory
 * footprint of the vmas. When max_ptes_none is 0 khugepaged will not
 * reduce the available free memory in the system as it
 * runs. Increasing max_ptes_none will instead potentially reduce the
 * free memory in the system during the khugepaged scan.
 */
static ssize_t max_ptes_none_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                  struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                  char *buf)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_max_ptes_none);
}
static ssize_t max_ptes_none_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                                   struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                   const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        int err;
        unsigned long max_ptes_none;

        err = kstrtoul(buf, 10, &max_ptes_none);
        if (err || max_ptes_none > HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1)
                return -EINVAL;

        khugepaged_max_ptes_none = max_ptes_none;

        return count;
}
static struct kobj_attribute khugepaged_max_ptes_none_attr =
        __ATTR_RW(max_ptes_none);

static ssize_t max_ptes_swap_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                  struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                  char *buf)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_max_ptes_swap);
}

static ssize_t max_ptes_swap_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                                   struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                   const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        int err;
        unsigned long max_ptes_swap;

        err  = kstrtoul(buf, 10, &max_ptes_swap);
        if (err || max_ptes_swap > HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1)
                return -EINVAL;

        khugepaged_max_ptes_swap = max_ptes_swap;

        return count;
}

static struct kobj_attribute khugepaged_max_ptes_swap_attr =
        __ATTR_RW(max_ptes_swap);

static ssize_t max_ptes_shared_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                    struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                    char *buf)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_max_ptes_shared);
}

static ssize_t max_ptes_shared_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                                     struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                     const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        int err;
        unsigned long max_ptes_shared;

        err  = kstrtoul(buf, 10, &max_ptes_shared);
        if (err || max_ptes_shared > HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1)
                return -EINVAL;

        khugepaged_max_ptes_shared = max_ptes_shared;

        return count;
}

static struct kobj_attribute khugepaged_max_ptes_shared_attr =
        __ATTR_RW(max_ptes_shared);

static struct attribute *khugepaged_attr[] = {
        &khugepaged_defrag_attr.attr,
        &khugepaged_max_ptes_none_attr.attr,
        &khugepaged_max_ptes_swap_attr.attr,
        &khugepaged_max_ptes_shared_attr.attr,
        &pages_to_scan_attr.attr,
        &pages_collapsed_attr.attr,
        &full_scans_attr.attr,
        &scan_sleep_millisecs_attr.attr,
        &alloc_sleep_millisecs_attr.attr,
        NULL,
};

struct attribute_group khugepaged_attr_group = {
        .attrs = khugepaged_attr,
        .name = "khugepaged",
};
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS */

static bool pte_none_or_zero(pte_t pte)
{
        if (pte_none(pte))
                return true;
        return pte_present(pte) && is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pte));
}

int hugepage_madvise(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                     vm_flags_t *vm_flags, int advice)
{
        switch (advice) {
        case MADV_HUGEPAGE:
                *vm_flags &= ~VM_NOHUGEPAGE;
                *vm_flags |= VM_HUGEPAGE;
                /*
                 * If the vma become good for khugepaged to scan,
                 * register it here without waiting a page fault that
                 * may not happen any time soon.
                 */
                khugepaged_enter_vma(vma, *vm_flags);
                break;
        case MADV_NOHUGEPAGE:
                *vm_flags &= ~VM_HUGEPAGE;
                *vm_flags |= VM_NOHUGEPAGE;
                /*
                 * Setting VM_NOHUGEPAGE will prevent khugepaged from scanning
                 * this vma even if we leave the mm registered in khugepaged if
                 * it got registered before VM_NOHUGEPAGE was set.
                 */
                break;
        }

        return 0;
}

int __init khugepaged_init(void)
{
        mm_slot_cache = KMEM_CACHE(mm_slot, 0);
        if (!mm_slot_cache)
                return -ENOMEM;

        khugepaged_pages_to_scan = HPAGE_PMD_NR * 8;
        khugepaged_max_ptes_none = HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1;
        khugepaged_max_ptes_swap = HPAGE_PMD_NR / 8;
        khugepaged_max_ptes_shared = HPAGE_PMD_NR / 2;

        return 0;
}

void __init khugepaged_destroy(void)
{
        kmem_cache_destroy(mm_slot_cache);
}

static inline int hpage_collapse_test_exit(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        return atomic_read(&mm->mm_users) == 0;
}

static inline int hpage_collapse_test_exit_or_disable(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        return hpage_collapse_test_exit(mm) ||
                mm_flags_test(MMF_DISABLE_THP_COMPLETELY, mm);
}

static bool hugepage_pmd_enabled(void)
{
        /*
         * We cover the anon, shmem and the file-backed case here; file-backed
         * hugepages, when configured in, are determined by the global control.
         * Anon pmd-sized hugepages are determined by the pmd-size control.
         * Shmem pmd-sized hugepages are also determined by its pmd-size control,
         * except when the global shmem_huge is set to SHMEM_HUGE_DENY.
         */
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS) &&
            hugepage_global_enabled())
                return true;
        if (test_bit(PMD_ORDER, &huge_anon_orders_always))
                return true;
        if (test_bit(PMD_ORDER, &huge_anon_orders_madvise))
                return true;
        if (test_bit(PMD_ORDER, &huge_anon_orders_inherit) &&
            hugepage_global_enabled())
                return true;
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHMEM) && shmem_hpage_pmd_enabled())
                return true;
        return false;
}

void __khugepaged_enter(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        struct mm_slot *slot;
        int wakeup;

        /* __khugepaged_exit() must not run from under us */
        VM_BUG_ON_MM(hpage_collapse_test_exit(mm), mm);
        if (unlikely(mm_flags_test_and_set(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, mm)))
                return;

        slot = mm_slot_alloc(mm_slot_cache);
        if (!slot)
                return;

        spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
        mm_slot_insert(mm_slots_hash, mm, slot);
        /*
         * Insert just behind the scanning cursor, to let the area settle
         * down a little.
         */
        wakeup = list_empty(&khugepaged_scan.mm_head);
        list_add_tail(&slot->mm_node, &khugepaged_scan.mm_head);
        spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);

        mmgrab(mm);
        if (wakeup)
                wake_up_interruptible(&khugepaged_wait);
}

void khugepaged_enter_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                          vm_flags_t vm_flags)
{
        if (!mm_flags_test(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, vma->vm_mm) &&
            hugepage_pmd_enabled()) {
                if (thp_vma_allowable_order(vma, vm_flags, TVA_KHUGEPAGED, PMD_ORDER))
                        __khugepaged_enter(vma->vm_mm);
        }
}

void __khugepaged_exit(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        struct mm_slot *slot;
        int free = 0;

        spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
        slot = mm_slot_lookup(mm_slots_hash, mm);
        if (slot && khugepaged_scan.mm_slot != slot) {
                hash_del(&slot->hash);
                list_del(&slot->mm_node);
                free = 1;
        }
        spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);

        if (free) {
                mm_flags_clear(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, mm);
                mm_slot_free(mm_slot_cache, slot);
                mmdrop(mm);
        } else if (slot) {
                /*
                 * This is required to serialize against
                 * hpage_collapse_test_exit() (which is guaranteed to run
                 * under mmap sem read mode). Stop here (after we return all
                 * pagetables will be destroyed) until khugepaged has finished
                 * working on the pagetables under the mmap_lock.
                 */
                mmap_write_lock(mm);
                mmap_write_unlock(mm);
        }
}

static void release_pte_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
        node_stat_mod_folio(folio,
                        NR_ISOLATED_ANON + folio_is_file_lru(folio),
                        -folio_nr_pages(folio));
        folio_unlock(folio);
        folio_putback_lru(folio);
}

static void release_pte_pages(pte_t *pte, pte_t *_pte,
                struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
{
        struct folio *folio, *tmp;

        while (--_pte >= pte) {
                pte_t pteval = ptep_get(_pte);
                unsigned long pfn;

                if (pte_none(pteval))
                        continue;
                VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!pte_present(pteval));
                pfn = pte_pfn(pteval);
                if (is_zero_pfn(pfn))
                        continue;
                folio = pfn_folio(pfn);
                if (folio_test_large(folio))
                        continue;
                release_pte_folio(folio);
        }

        list_for_each_entry_safe(folio, tmp, compound_pagelist, lru) {
                list_del(&folio->lru);
                release_pte_folio(folio);
        }
}

static enum scan_result __collapse_huge_page_isolate(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                unsigned long start_addr, pte_t *pte, struct collapse_control *cc,
                struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
{
        struct page *page = NULL;
        struct folio *folio = NULL;
        unsigned long addr = start_addr;
        pte_t *_pte;
        int none_or_zero = 0, shared = 0, referenced = 0;
        enum scan_result result = SCAN_FAIL;

        for (_pte = pte; _pte < pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR;
             _pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
                pte_t pteval = ptep_get(_pte);
                if (pte_none_or_zero(pteval)) {
                        ++none_or_zero;
                        if (!userfaultfd_armed(vma) &&
                            (!cc->is_khugepaged ||
                             none_or_zero <= khugepaged_max_ptes_none)) {
                                continue;
                        } else {
                                result = SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE;
                                count_vm_event(THP_SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE);
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
                if (!pte_present(pteval)) {
                        result = SCAN_PTE_NON_PRESENT;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (pte_uffd_wp(pteval)) {
                        result = SCAN_PTE_UFFD_WP;
                        goto out;
                }
                page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, pteval);
                if (unlikely(!page) || unlikely(is_zone_device_page(page))) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_NULL;
                        goto out;
                }

                folio = page_folio(page);
                VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_anon(folio), folio);

                /* See hpage_collapse_scan_pmd(). */
                if (folio_maybe_mapped_shared(folio)) {
                        ++shared;
                        if (cc->is_khugepaged &&
                            shared > khugepaged_max_ptes_shared) {
                                result = SCAN_EXCEED_SHARED_PTE;
                                count_vm_event(THP_SCAN_EXCEED_SHARED_PTE);
                                goto out;
                        }
                }

                if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
                        struct folio *f;

                        /*
                         * Check if we have dealt with the compound page
                         * already
                         */
                        list_for_each_entry(f, compound_pagelist, lru) {
                                if (folio == f)
                                        goto next;
                        }
                }

                /*
                 * We can do it before folio_isolate_lru because the
                 * folio can't be freed from under us. NOTE: PG_lock
                 * is needed to serialize against split_huge_page
                 * when invoked from the VM.
                 */
                if (!folio_trylock(folio)) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_LOCK;
                        goto out;
                }

                /*
                 * Check if the page has any GUP (or other external) pins.
                 *
                 * The page table that maps the page has been already unlinked
                 * from the page table tree and this process cannot get
                 * an additional pin on the page.
                 *
                 * New pins can come later if the page is shared across fork,
                 * but not from this process. The other process cannot write to
                 * the page, only trigger CoW.
                 */
                if (folio_expected_ref_count(folio) != folio_ref_count(folio)) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_COUNT;
                        goto out;
                }

                /*
                 * Isolate the page to avoid collapsing an hugepage
                 * currently in use by the VM.
                 */
                if (!folio_isolate_lru(folio)) {
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                        result = SCAN_DEL_PAGE_LRU;
                        goto out;
                }
                node_stat_mod_folio(folio,
                                NR_ISOLATED_ANON + folio_is_file_lru(folio),
                                folio_nr_pages(folio));
                VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
                VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);

                if (folio_test_large(folio))
                        list_add_tail(&folio->lru, compound_pagelist);
next:
                /*
                 * If collapse was initiated by khugepaged, check that there is
                 * enough young pte to justify collapsing the page
                 */
                if (cc->is_khugepaged &&
                    (pte_young(pteval) || folio_test_young(folio) ||
                     folio_test_referenced(folio) ||
                     mmu_notifier_test_young(vma->vm_mm, addr)))
                        referenced++;
        }

        if (unlikely(cc->is_khugepaged && !referenced)) {
                result = SCAN_LACK_REFERENCED_PAGE;
        } else {
                result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
                trace_mm_collapse_huge_page_isolate(folio, none_or_zero,
                                                    referenced, result);
                return result;
        }
out:
        release_pte_pages(pte, _pte, compound_pagelist);
        trace_mm_collapse_huge_page_isolate(folio, none_or_zero,
                                            referenced, result);
        return result;
}

static void __collapse_huge_page_copy_succeeded(pte_t *pte,
                                                struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                                unsigned long address,
                                                spinlock_t *ptl,
                                                struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
{
        unsigned long end = address + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE;
        struct folio *src, *tmp;
        pte_t pteval;
        pte_t *_pte;
        unsigned int nr_ptes;

        for (_pte = pte; _pte < pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR; _pte += nr_ptes,
             address += nr_ptes * PAGE_SIZE) {
                nr_ptes = 1;
                pteval = ptep_get(_pte);
                if (pte_none_or_zero(pteval)) {
                        add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, 1);
                        if (pte_none(pteval))
                                continue;
                        /*
                         * ptl mostly unnecessary.
                         */
                        spin_lock(ptl);
                        ptep_clear(vma->vm_mm, address, _pte);
                        spin_unlock(ptl);
                        ksm_might_unmap_zero_page(vma->vm_mm, pteval);
                } else {
                        struct page *src_page = pte_page(pteval);

                        src = page_folio(src_page);

                        if (folio_test_large(src)) {
                                unsigned int max_nr_ptes = (end - address) >> PAGE_SHIFT;

                                nr_ptes = folio_pte_batch(src, _pte, pteval, max_nr_ptes);
                        } else {
                                release_pte_folio(src);
                        }

                        /*
                         * ptl mostly unnecessary, but preempt has to
                         * be disabled to update the per-cpu stats
                         * inside folio_remove_rmap_pte().
                         */
                        spin_lock(ptl);
                        clear_ptes(vma->vm_mm, address, _pte, nr_ptes);
                        folio_remove_rmap_ptes(src, src_page, nr_ptes, vma);
                        spin_unlock(ptl);
                        free_swap_cache(src);
                        folio_put_refs(src, nr_ptes);
                }
        }

        list_for_each_entry_safe(src, tmp, compound_pagelist, lru) {
                list_del(&src->lru);
                node_stat_sub_folio(src, NR_ISOLATED_ANON +
                                folio_is_file_lru(src));
                folio_unlock(src);
                free_swap_cache(src);
                folio_putback_lru(src);
        }
}

static void __collapse_huge_page_copy_failed(pte_t *pte,
                                             pmd_t *pmd,
                                             pmd_t orig_pmd,
                                             struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                             struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
{
        spinlock_t *pmd_ptl;

        /*
         * Re-establish the PMD to point to the original page table
         * entry. Restoring PMD needs to be done prior to releasing
         * pages. Since pages are still isolated and locked here,
         * acquiring anon_vma_lock_write is unnecessary.
         */
        pmd_ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
        pmd_populate(vma->vm_mm, pmd, pmd_pgtable(orig_pmd));
        spin_unlock(pmd_ptl);
        /*
         * Release both raw and compound pages isolated
         * in __collapse_huge_page_isolate.
         */
        release_pte_pages(pte, pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR, compound_pagelist);
}

/*
 * __collapse_huge_page_copy - attempts to copy memory contents from raw
 * pages to a hugepage. Cleans up the raw pages if copying succeeds;
 * otherwise restores the original page table and releases isolated raw pages.
 * Returns SCAN_SUCCEED if copying succeeds, otherwise returns SCAN_COPY_MC.
 *
 * @pte: starting of the PTEs to copy from
 * @folio: the new hugepage to copy contents to
 * @pmd: pointer to the new hugepage's PMD
 * @orig_pmd: the original raw pages' PMD
 * @vma: the original raw pages' virtual memory area
 * @address: starting address to copy
 * @ptl: lock on raw pages' PTEs
 * @compound_pagelist: list that stores compound pages
 */
static enum scan_result __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte_t *pte, struct folio *folio,
                pmd_t *pmd, pmd_t orig_pmd, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                unsigned long address, spinlock_t *ptl,
                struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
{
        unsigned int i;
        enum scan_result result = SCAN_SUCCEED;

        /*
         * Copying pages' contents is subject to memory poison at any iteration.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < HPAGE_PMD_NR; i++) {
                pte_t pteval = ptep_get(pte + i);
                struct page *page = folio_page(folio, i);
                unsigned long src_addr = address + i * PAGE_SIZE;
                struct page *src_page;

                if (pte_none_or_zero(pteval)) {
                        clear_user_highpage(page, src_addr);
                        continue;
                }
                src_page = pte_page(pteval);
                if (copy_mc_user_highpage(page, src_page, src_addr, vma) > 0) {
                        result = SCAN_COPY_MC;
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (likely(result == SCAN_SUCCEED))
                __collapse_huge_page_copy_succeeded(pte, vma, address, ptl,
                                                    compound_pagelist);
        else
                __collapse_huge_page_copy_failed(pte, pmd, orig_pmd, vma,
                                                 compound_pagelist);

        return result;
}

static void khugepaged_alloc_sleep(void)
{
        DEFINE_WAIT(wait);

        add_wait_queue(&khugepaged_wait, &wait);
        __set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE|TASK_FREEZABLE);
        schedule_timeout(msecs_to_jiffies(khugepaged_alloc_sleep_millisecs));
        remove_wait_queue(&khugepaged_wait, &wait);
}

static struct collapse_control khugepaged_collapse_control = {
        .is_khugepaged = true,
};

static bool hpage_collapse_scan_abort(int nid, struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        int i;

        /*
         * If node_reclaim_mode is disabled, then no extra effort is made to
         * allocate memory locally.
         */
        if (!node_reclaim_enabled())
                return false;

        /* If there is a count for this node already, it must be acceptable */
        if (cc->node_load[nid])
                return false;

        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUMNODES; i++) {
                if (!cc->node_load[i])
                        continue;
                if (node_distance(nid, i) > node_reclaim_distance)
                        return true;
        }
        return false;
}

#define khugepaged_defrag()                                     \
        (transparent_hugepage_flags &                           \
         (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG))

/* Defrag for khugepaged will enter direct reclaim/compaction if necessary */
static inline gfp_t alloc_hugepage_khugepaged_gfpmask(void)
{
        return khugepaged_defrag() ? GFP_TRANSHUGE : GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
static int hpage_collapse_find_target_node(struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        int nid, target_node = 0, max_value = 0;

        /* find first node with max normal pages hit */
        for (nid = 0; nid < MAX_NUMNODES; nid++)
                if (cc->node_load[nid] > max_value) {
                        max_value = cc->node_load[nid];
                        target_node = nid;
                }

        for_each_online_node(nid) {
                if (max_value == cc->node_load[nid])
                        node_set(nid, cc->alloc_nmask);
        }

        return target_node;
}
#else
static int hpage_collapse_find_target_node(struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * If mmap_lock temporarily dropped, revalidate vma
 * before taking mmap_lock.
 * Returns enum scan_result value.
 */

static enum scan_result hugepage_vma_revalidate(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
                bool expect_anon, struct vm_area_struct **vmap, struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;
        enum tva_type type = cc->is_khugepaged ? TVA_KHUGEPAGED :
                                 TVA_FORCED_COLLAPSE;

        if (unlikely(hpage_collapse_test_exit_or_disable(mm)))
                return SCAN_ANY_PROCESS;

        *vmap = vma = find_vma(mm, address);
        if (!vma)
                return SCAN_VMA_NULL;

        if (!thp_vma_suitable_order(vma, address, PMD_ORDER))
                return SCAN_ADDRESS_RANGE;
        if (!thp_vma_allowable_order(vma, vma->vm_flags, type, PMD_ORDER))
                return SCAN_VMA_CHECK;
        /*
         * Anon VMA expected, the address may be unmapped then
         * remapped to file after khugepaged reaquired the mmap_lock.
         *
         * thp_vma_allowable_order may return true for qualified file
         * vmas.
         */
        if (expect_anon && (!(*vmap)->anon_vma || !vma_is_anonymous(*vmap)))
                return SCAN_PAGE_ANON;
        return SCAN_SUCCEED;
}

static inline enum scan_result check_pmd_state(pmd_t *pmd)
{
        pmd_t pmde = pmdp_get_lockless(pmd);

        if (pmd_none(pmde))
                return SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE;

        /*
         * The folio may be under migration when khugepaged is trying to
         * collapse it. Migration success or failure will eventually end
         * up with a present PMD mapping a folio again.
         */
        if (pmd_is_migration_entry(pmde))
                return SCAN_PMD_MAPPED;
        if (!pmd_present(pmde))
                return SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE;
        if (pmd_trans_huge(pmde))
                return SCAN_PMD_MAPPED;
        if (pmd_bad(pmde))
                return SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE;
        return SCAN_SUCCEED;
}

static enum scan_result find_pmd_or_thp_or_none(struct mm_struct *mm,
                unsigned long address, pmd_t **pmd)
{
        *pmd = mm_find_pmd(mm, address);
        if (!*pmd)
                return SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE;

        return check_pmd_state(*pmd);
}

static enum scan_result check_pmd_still_valid(struct mm_struct *mm,
                unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmd)
{
        pmd_t *new_pmd;
        enum scan_result result = find_pmd_or_thp_or_none(mm, address, &new_pmd);

        if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED)
                return result;
        if (new_pmd != pmd)
                return SCAN_FAIL;
        return SCAN_SUCCEED;
}

/*
 * Bring missing pages in from swap, to complete THP collapse.
 * Only done if hpage_collapse_scan_pmd believes it is worthwhile.
 *
 * Called and returns without pte mapped or spinlocks held.
 * Returns result: if not SCAN_SUCCEED, mmap_lock has been released.
 */
static enum scan_result __collapse_huge_page_swapin(struct mm_struct *mm,
                struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr, pmd_t *pmd,
                int referenced)
{
        int swapped_in = 0;
        vm_fault_t ret = 0;
        unsigned long addr, end = start_addr + (HPAGE_PMD_NR * PAGE_SIZE);
        enum scan_result result;
        pte_t *pte = NULL;
        spinlock_t *ptl;

        for (addr = start_addr; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
                struct vm_fault vmf = {
                        .vma = vma,
                        .address = addr,
                        .pgoff = linear_page_index(vma, addr),
                        .flags = FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY,
                        .pmd = pmd,
                };

                if (!pte++) {
                        /*
                         * Here the ptl is only used to check pte_same() in
                         * do_swap_page(), so readonly version is enough.
                         */
                        pte = pte_offset_map_ro_nolock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
                        if (!pte) {
                                mmap_read_unlock(mm);
                                result = SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }

                vmf.orig_pte = ptep_get_lockless(pte);
                if (pte_none(vmf.orig_pte) ||
                    pte_present(vmf.orig_pte))
                        continue;

                vmf.pte = pte;
                vmf.ptl = ptl;
                ret = do_swap_page(&vmf);
                /* Which unmaps pte (after perhaps re-checking the entry) */
                pte = NULL;

                /*
                 * do_swap_page returns VM_FAULT_RETRY with released mmap_lock.
                 * Note we treat VM_FAULT_RETRY as VM_FAULT_ERROR here because
                 * we do not retry here and swap entry will remain in pagetable
                 * resulting in later failure.
                 */
                if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY) {
                        /* Likely, but not guaranteed, that page lock failed */
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_LOCK;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) {
                        mmap_read_unlock(mm);
                        result = SCAN_FAIL;
                        goto out;
                }
                swapped_in++;
        }

        if (pte)
                pte_unmap(pte);

        /* Drain LRU cache to remove extra pin on the swapped in pages */
        if (swapped_in)
                lru_add_drain();

        result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
out:
        trace_mm_collapse_huge_page_swapin(mm, swapped_in, referenced, result);
        return result;
}

static enum scan_result alloc_charge_folio(struct folio **foliop, struct mm_struct *mm,
                struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        gfp_t gfp = (cc->is_khugepaged ? alloc_hugepage_khugepaged_gfpmask() :
                     GFP_TRANSHUGE);
        int node = hpage_collapse_find_target_node(cc);
        struct folio *folio;

        folio = __folio_alloc(gfp, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER, node, &cc->alloc_nmask);
        if (!folio) {
                *foliop = NULL;
                count_vm_event(THP_COLLAPSE_ALLOC_FAILED);
                return SCAN_ALLOC_HUGE_PAGE_FAIL;
        }

        count_vm_event(THP_COLLAPSE_ALLOC);
        if (unlikely(mem_cgroup_charge(folio, mm, gfp))) {
                folio_put(folio);
                *foliop = NULL;
                return SCAN_CGROUP_CHARGE_FAIL;
        }

        count_memcg_folio_events(folio, THP_COLLAPSE_ALLOC, 1);

        *foliop = folio;
        return SCAN_SUCCEED;
}

static enum scan_result collapse_huge_page(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
                int referenced, int unmapped, struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        LIST_HEAD(compound_pagelist);
        pmd_t *pmd, _pmd;
        pte_t *pte;
        pgtable_t pgtable;
        struct folio *folio;
        spinlock_t *pmd_ptl, *pte_ptl;
        enum scan_result result = SCAN_FAIL;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;
        struct mmu_notifier_range range;

        VM_BUG_ON(address & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK);

        /*
         * Before allocating the hugepage, release the mmap_lock read lock.
         * The allocation can take potentially a long time if it involves
         * sync compaction, and we do not need to hold the mmap_lock during
         * that. We will recheck the vma after taking it again in write mode.
         */
        mmap_read_unlock(mm);

        result = alloc_charge_folio(&folio, mm, cc);
        if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED)
                goto out_nolock;

        mmap_read_lock(mm);
        result = hugepage_vma_revalidate(mm, address, true, &vma, cc);
        if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED) {
                mmap_read_unlock(mm);
                goto out_nolock;
        }

        result = find_pmd_or_thp_or_none(mm, address, &pmd);
        if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED) {
                mmap_read_unlock(mm);
                goto out_nolock;
        }

        if (unmapped) {
                /*
                 * __collapse_huge_page_swapin will return with mmap_lock
                 * released when it fails. So we jump out_nolock directly in
                 * that case.  Continuing to collapse causes inconsistency.
                 */
                result = __collapse_huge_page_swapin(mm, vma, address, pmd,
                                                     referenced);
                if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED)
                        goto out_nolock;
        }

        mmap_read_unlock(mm);
        /*
         * Prevent all access to pagetables with the exception of
         * gup_fast later handled by the ptep_clear_flush and the VM
         * handled by the anon_vma lock + PG_lock.
         *
         * UFFDIO_MOVE is prevented to race as well thanks to the
         * mmap_lock.
         */
        mmap_write_lock(mm);
        result = hugepage_vma_revalidate(mm, address, true, &vma, cc);
        if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED)
                goto out_up_write;
        /* check if the pmd is still valid */
        vma_start_write(vma);
        result = check_pmd_still_valid(mm, address, pmd);
        if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED)
                goto out_up_write;

        anon_vma_lock_write(vma->anon_vma);

        mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0, mm, address,
                                address + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);

        pmd_ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmd); /* probably unnecessary */
        /*
         * This removes any huge TLB entry from the CPU so we won't allow
         * huge and small TLB entries for the same virtual address to
         * avoid the risk of CPU bugs in that area.
         *
         * Parallel GUP-fast is fine since GUP-fast will back off when
         * it detects PMD is changed.
         */
        _pmd = pmdp_collapse_flush(vma, address, pmd);
        spin_unlock(pmd_ptl);
        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
        tlb_remove_table_sync_one();

        pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, &_pmd, address, &pte_ptl);
        if (pte) {
                result = __collapse_huge_page_isolate(vma, address, pte, cc,
                                                      &compound_pagelist);
                spin_unlock(pte_ptl);
        } else {
                result = SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE;
        }

        if (unlikely(result != SCAN_SUCCEED)) {
                if (pte)
                        pte_unmap(pte);
                spin_lock(pmd_ptl);
                BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd));
                /*
                 * We can only use set_pmd_at when establishing
                 * hugepmds and never for establishing regular pmds that
                 * points to regular pagetables. Use pmd_populate for that
                 */
                pmd_populate(mm, pmd, pmd_pgtable(_pmd));
                spin_unlock(pmd_ptl);
                anon_vma_unlock_write(vma->anon_vma);
                goto out_up_write;
        }

        /*
         * All pages are isolated and locked so anon_vma rmap
         * can't run anymore.
         */
        anon_vma_unlock_write(vma->anon_vma);

        result = __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte, folio, pmd, _pmd,
                                           vma, address, pte_ptl,
                                           &compound_pagelist);
        pte_unmap(pte);
        if (unlikely(result != SCAN_SUCCEED))
                goto out_up_write;

        /*
         * The smp_wmb() inside __folio_mark_uptodate() ensures the
         * copy_huge_page writes become visible before the set_pmd_at()
         * write.
         */
        __folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
        pgtable = pmd_pgtable(_pmd);

        spin_lock(pmd_ptl);
        BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd));
        pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(mm, pmd, pgtable);
        map_anon_folio_pmd_nopf(folio, pmd, vma, address);
        spin_unlock(pmd_ptl);

        folio = NULL;

        result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
out_up_write:
        mmap_write_unlock(mm);
out_nolock:
        if (folio)
                folio_put(folio);
        trace_mm_collapse_huge_page(mm, result == SCAN_SUCCEED, result);
        return result;
}

static enum scan_result hpage_collapse_scan_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm,
                struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr, bool *mmap_locked,
                struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        pmd_t *pmd;
        pte_t *pte, *_pte;
        int none_or_zero = 0, shared = 0, referenced = 0;
        enum scan_result result = SCAN_FAIL;
        struct page *page = NULL;
        struct folio *folio = NULL;
        unsigned long addr;
        spinlock_t *ptl;
        int node = NUMA_NO_NODE, unmapped = 0;

        VM_BUG_ON(start_addr & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK);

        result = find_pmd_or_thp_or_none(mm, start_addr, &pmd);
        if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED)
                goto out;

        memset(cc->node_load, 0, sizeof(cc->node_load));
        nodes_clear(cc->alloc_nmask);
        pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, start_addr, &ptl);
        if (!pte) {
                result = SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE;
                goto out;
        }

        for (addr = start_addr, _pte = pte; _pte < pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR;
             _pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
                pte_t pteval = ptep_get(_pte);
                if (pte_none_or_zero(pteval)) {
                        ++none_or_zero;
                        if (!userfaultfd_armed(vma) &&
                            (!cc->is_khugepaged ||
                             none_or_zero <= khugepaged_max_ptes_none)) {
                                continue;
                        } else {
                                result = SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE;
                                count_vm_event(THP_SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE);
                                goto out_unmap;
                        }
                }
                if (!pte_present(pteval)) {
                        ++unmapped;
                        if (!cc->is_khugepaged ||
                            unmapped <= khugepaged_max_ptes_swap) {
                                /*
                                 * Always be strict with uffd-wp
                                 * enabled swap entries.  Please see
                                 * comment below for pte_uffd_wp().
                                 */
                                if (pte_swp_uffd_wp_any(pteval)) {
                                        result = SCAN_PTE_UFFD_WP;
                                        goto out_unmap;
                                }
                                continue;
                        } else {
                                result = SCAN_EXCEED_SWAP_PTE;
                                count_vm_event(THP_SCAN_EXCEED_SWAP_PTE);
                                goto out_unmap;
                        }
                }
                if (pte_uffd_wp(pteval)) {
                        /*
                         * Don't collapse the page if any of the small
                         * PTEs are armed with uffd write protection.
                         * Here we can also mark the new huge pmd as
                         * write protected if any of the small ones is
                         * marked but that could bring unknown
                         * userfault messages that falls outside of
                         * the registered range.  So, just be simple.
                         */
                        result = SCAN_PTE_UFFD_WP;
                        goto out_unmap;
                }

                page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, pteval);
                if (unlikely(!page) || unlikely(is_zone_device_page(page))) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_NULL;
                        goto out_unmap;
                }
                folio = page_folio(page);

                if (!folio_test_anon(folio)) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_ANON;
                        goto out_unmap;
                }

                /*
                 * We treat a single page as shared if any part of the THP
                 * is shared.
                 */
                if (folio_maybe_mapped_shared(folio)) {
                        ++shared;
                        if (cc->is_khugepaged &&
                            shared > khugepaged_max_ptes_shared) {
                                result = SCAN_EXCEED_SHARED_PTE;
                                count_vm_event(THP_SCAN_EXCEED_SHARED_PTE);
                                goto out_unmap;
                        }
                }

                /*
                 * Record which node the original page is from and save this
                 * information to cc->node_load[].
                 * Khugepaged will allocate hugepage from the node has the max
                 * hit record.
                 */
                node = folio_nid(folio);
                if (hpage_collapse_scan_abort(node, cc)) {
                        result = SCAN_SCAN_ABORT;
                        goto out_unmap;
                }
                cc->node_load[node]++;
                if (!folio_test_lru(folio)) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_LRU;
                        goto out_unmap;
                }
                if (folio_test_locked(folio)) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_LOCK;
                        goto out_unmap;
                }

                /*
                 * Check if the page has any GUP (or other external) pins.
                 *
                 * Here the check may be racy:
                 * it may see folio_mapcount() > folio_ref_count().
                 * But such case is ephemeral we could always retry collapse
                 * later.  However it may report false positive if the page
                 * has excessive GUP pins (i.e. 512).  Anyway the same check
                 * will be done again later the risk seems low.
                 */
                if (folio_expected_ref_count(folio) != folio_ref_count(folio)) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_COUNT;
                        goto out_unmap;
                }

                /*
                 * If collapse was initiated by khugepaged, check that there is
                 * enough young pte to justify collapsing the page
                 */
                if (cc->is_khugepaged &&
                    (pte_young(pteval) || folio_test_young(folio) ||
                     folio_test_referenced(folio) ||
                     mmu_notifier_test_young(vma->vm_mm, addr)))
                        referenced++;
        }
        if (cc->is_khugepaged &&
                   (!referenced ||
                    (unmapped && referenced < HPAGE_PMD_NR / 2))) {
                result = SCAN_LACK_REFERENCED_PAGE;
        } else {
                result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
        }
out_unmap:
        pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
        if (result == SCAN_SUCCEED) {
                result = collapse_huge_page(mm, start_addr, referenced,
                                            unmapped, cc);
                /* collapse_huge_page will return with the mmap_lock released */
                *mmap_locked = false;
        }
out:
        trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_pmd(mm, folio, referenced,
                                     none_or_zero, result, unmapped);
        return result;
}

static void collect_mm_slot(struct mm_slot *slot)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = slot->mm;

        lockdep_assert_held(&khugepaged_mm_lock);

        if (hpage_collapse_test_exit(mm)) {
                /* free mm_slot */
                hash_del(&slot->hash);
                list_del(&slot->mm_node);

                /*
                 * Not strictly needed because the mm exited already.
                 *
                 * mm_flags_clear(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, mm);
                 */

                /* khugepaged_mm_lock actually not necessary for the below */
                mm_slot_free(mm_slot_cache, slot);
                mmdrop(mm);
        }
}

/* folio must be locked, and mmap_lock must be held */
static enum scan_result set_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
                pmd_t *pmdp, struct folio *folio, struct page *page)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        struct vm_fault vmf = {
                .vma = vma,
                .address = addr,
                .flags = 0,
        };
        pgd_t *pgdp;
        p4d_t *p4dp;
        pud_t *pudp;

        mmap_assert_locked(vma->vm_mm);

        if (!pmdp) {
                pgdp = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
                p4dp = p4d_alloc(mm, pgdp, addr);
                if (!p4dp)
                        return SCAN_FAIL;
                pudp = pud_alloc(mm, p4dp, addr);
                if (!pudp)
                        return SCAN_FAIL;
                pmdp = pmd_alloc(mm, pudp, addr);
                if (!pmdp)
                        return SCAN_FAIL;
        }

        vmf.pmd = pmdp;
        if (do_set_pmd(&vmf, folio, page))
                return SCAN_FAIL;

        folio_get(folio);
        return SCAN_SUCCEED;
}

static enum scan_result try_collapse_pte_mapped_thp(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
                bool install_pmd)
{
        enum scan_result result = SCAN_FAIL;
        int nr_mapped_ptes = 0;
        unsigned int nr_batch_ptes;
        struct mmu_notifier_range range;
        bool notified = false;
        unsigned long haddr = addr & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
        unsigned long end = haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = vma_lookup(mm, haddr);
        struct folio *folio;
        pte_t *start_pte, *pte;
        pmd_t *pmd, pgt_pmd;
        spinlock_t *pml = NULL, *ptl;
        int i;

        mmap_assert_locked(mm);

        /* First check VMA found, in case page tables are being torn down */
        if (!vma || !vma->vm_file ||
            !range_in_vma(vma, haddr, haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE))
                return SCAN_VMA_CHECK;

        /* Fast check before locking page if already PMD-mapped */
        result = find_pmd_or_thp_or_none(mm, haddr, &pmd);
        if (result == SCAN_PMD_MAPPED)
                return result;

        /*
         * If we are here, we've succeeded in replacing all the native pages
         * in the page cache with a single hugepage. If a mm were to fault-in
         * this memory (mapped by a suitably aligned VMA), we'd get the hugepage
         * and map it by a PMD, regardless of sysfs THP settings. As such, let's
         * analogously elide sysfs THP settings here and force collapse.
         */
        if (!thp_vma_allowable_order(vma, vma->vm_flags, TVA_FORCED_COLLAPSE, PMD_ORDER))
                return SCAN_VMA_CHECK;

        /* Keep pmd pgtable for uffd-wp; see comment in retract_page_tables() */
        if (userfaultfd_wp(vma))
                return SCAN_PTE_UFFD_WP;

        folio = filemap_lock_folio(vma->vm_file->f_mapping,
                               linear_page_index(vma, haddr));
        if (IS_ERR(folio))
                return SCAN_PAGE_NULL;

        if (folio_order(folio) != HPAGE_PMD_ORDER) {
                result = SCAN_PAGE_COMPOUND;
                goto drop_folio;
        }

        result = find_pmd_or_thp_or_none(mm, haddr, &pmd);
        switch (result) {
        case SCAN_SUCCEED:
                break;
        case SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE:
                /*
                 * All pte entries have been removed and pmd cleared.
                 * Skip all the pte checks and just update the pmd mapping.
                 */
                goto maybe_install_pmd;
        default:
                goto drop_folio;
        }

        result = SCAN_FAIL;
        start_pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, haddr, &ptl);
        if (!start_pte)         /* mmap_lock + page lock should prevent this */
                goto drop_folio;

        /* step 1: check all mapped PTEs are to the right huge page */
        for (i = 0, addr = haddr, pte = start_pte;
             i < HPAGE_PMD_NR; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, pte++) {
                struct page *page;
                pte_t ptent = ptep_get(pte);

                /* empty pte, skip */
                if (pte_none(ptent))
                        continue;

                /* page swapped out, abort */
                if (!pte_present(ptent)) {
                        result = SCAN_PTE_NON_PRESENT;
                        goto abort;
                }

                page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, ptent);
                if (WARN_ON_ONCE(page && is_zone_device_page(page)))
                        page = NULL;
                /*
                 * Note that uprobe, debugger, or MAP_PRIVATE may change the
                 * page table, but the new page will not be a subpage of hpage.
                 */
                if (folio_page(folio, i) != page)
                        goto abort;
        }

        pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, ptl);
        mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0, mm,
                                haddr, haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
        notified = true;

        /*
         * pmd_lock covers a wider range than ptl, and (if split from mm's
         * page_table_lock) ptl nests inside pml. The less time we hold pml,
         * the better; but userfaultfd's mfill_atomic_pte() on a private VMA
         * inserts a valid as-if-COWed PTE without even looking up page cache.
         * So page lock of folio does not protect from it, so we must not drop
         * ptl before pgt_pmd is removed, so uffd private needs pml taken now.
         */
        if (userfaultfd_armed(vma) && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
                pml = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);

        start_pte = pte_offset_map_rw_nolock(mm, pmd, haddr, &pgt_pmd, &ptl);
        if (!start_pte)         /* mmap_lock + page lock should prevent this */
                goto abort;
        if (!pml)
                spin_lock(ptl);
        else if (ptl != pml)
                spin_lock_nested(ptl, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);

        if (unlikely(!pmd_same(pgt_pmd, pmdp_get_lockless(pmd))))
                goto abort;

        /* step 2: clear page table and adjust rmap */
        for (i = 0, addr = haddr, pte = start_pte; i < HPAGE_PMD_NR;
             i += nr_batch_ptes, addr += nr_batch_ptes * PAGE_SIZE,
             pte += nr_batch_ptes) {
                unsigned int max_nr_batch_ptes = (end - addr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                struct page *page;
                pte_t ptent = ptep_get(pte);

                nr_batch_ptes = 1;

                if (pte_none(ptent))
                        continue;
                /*
                 * We dropped ptl after the first scan, to do the mmu_notifier:
                 * page lock stops more PTEs of the folio being faulted in, but
                 * does not stop write faults COWing anon copies from existing
                 * PTEs; and does not stop those being swapped out or migrated.
                 */
                if (!pte_present(ptent)) {
                        result = SCAN_PTE_NON_PRESENT;
                        goto abort;
                }
                page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, ptent);

                if (folio_page(folio, i) != page)
                        goto abort;

                nr_batch_ptes = folio_pte_batch(folio, pte, ptent, max_nr_batch_ptes);

                /*
                 * Must clear entry, or a racing truncate may re-remove it.
                 * TLB flush can be left until pmdp_collapse_flush() does it.
                 * PTE dirty? Shmem page is already dirty; file is read-only.
                 */
                clear_ptes(mm, addr, pte, nr_batch_ptes);
                folio_remove_rmap_ptes(folio, page, nr_batch_ptes, vma);
                nr_mapped_ptes += nr_batch_ptes;
        }

        if (!pml)
                spin_unlock(ptl);

        /* step 3: set proper refcount and mm_counters. */
        if (nr_mapped_ptes) {
                folio_ref_sub(folio, nr_mapped_ptes);
                add_mm_counter(mm, mm_counter_file(folio), -nr_mapped_ptes);
        }

        /* step 4: remove empty page table */
        if (!pml) {
                pml = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);
                if (ptl != pml) {
                        spin_lock_nested(ptl, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
                        if (unlikely(!pmd_same(pgt_pmd, pmdp_get_lockless(pmd)))) {
                                flush_tlb_mm(mm);
                                goto unlock;
                        }
                }
        }
        pgt_pmd = pmdp_collapse_flush(vma, haddr, pmd);
        pmdp_get_lockless_sync();
        pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, ptl);
        if (ptl != pml)
                spin_unlock(pml);

        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);

        mm_dec_nr_ptes(mm);
        page_table_check_pte_clear_range(mm, haddr, pgt_pmd);
        pte_free_defer(mm, pmd_pgtable(pgt_pmd));

maybe_install_pmd:
        /* step 5: install pmd entry */
        result = install_pmd
                        ? set_huge_pmd(vma, haddr, pmd, folio, &folio->page)
                        : SCAN_SUCCEED;
        goto drop_folio;
abort:
        if (nr_mapped_ptes) {
                flush_tlb_mm(mm);
                folio_ref_sub(folio, nr_mapped_ptes);
                add_mm_counter(mm, mm_counter_file(folio), -nr_mapped_ptes);
        }
unlock:
        if (start_pte)
                pte_unmap_unlock(start_pte, ptl);
        if (pml && pml != ptl)
                spin_unlock(pml);
        if (notified)
                mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
drop_folio:
        folio_unlock(folio);
        folio_put(folio);
        return result;
}

/**
 * collapse_pte_mapped_thp - Try to collapse a pte-mapped THP for mm at
 * address haddr.
 *
 * @mm: process address space where collapse happens
 * @addr: THP collapse address
 * @install_pmd: If a huge PMD should be installed
 *
 * This function checks whether all the PTEs in the PMD are pointing to the
 * right THP. If so, retract the page table so the THP can refault in with
 * as pmd-mapped. Possibly install a huge PMD mapping the THP.
 */
void collapse_pte_mapped_thp(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
                bool install_pmd)
{
        try_collapse_pte_mapped_thp(mm, addr, install_pmd);
}

/* Can we retract page tables for this file-backed VMA? */
static bool file_backed_vma_is_retractable(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        /*
         * Check vma->anon_vma to exclude MAP_PRIVATE mappings that
         * got written to. These VMAs are likely not worth removing
         * page tables from, as PMD-mapping is likely to be split later.
         */
        if (READ_ONCE(vma->anon_vma))
                return false;

        /*
         * When a vma is registered with uffd-wp, we cannot recycle
         * the page table because there may be pte markers installed.
         * Other vmas can still have the same file mapped hugely, but
         * skip this one: it will always be mapped in small page size
         * for uffd-wp registered ranges.
         */
        if (userfaultfd_wp(vma))
                return false;

        /*
         * If the VMA contains guard regions then we can't collapse it.
         *
         * This is set atomically on guard marker installation under mmap/VMA
         * read lock, and here we may not hold any VMA or mmap lock at all.
         *
         * This is therefore serialised on the PTE page table lock, which is
         * obtained on guard region installation after the flag is set, so this
         * check being performed under this lock excludes races.
         */
        if (vma_test_atomic_flag(vma, VMA_MAYBE_GUARD_BIT))
                return false;

        return true;
}

static void retract_page_tables(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t pgoff)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;

        i_mmap_lock_read(mapping);
        vma_interval_tree_foreach(vma, &mapping->i_mmap, pgoff, pgoff) {
                struct mmu_notifier_range range;
                struct mm_struct *mm;
                unsigned long addr;
                pmd_t *pmd, pgt_pmd;
                spinlock_t *pml;
                spinlock_t *ptl;
                bool success = false;

                addr = vma->vm_start + ((pgoff - vma->vm_pgoff) << PAGE_SHIFT);
                if (addr & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK ||
                    vma->vm_end < addr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE)
                        continue;

                mm = vma->vm_mm;
                if (find_pmd_or_thp_or_none(mm, addr, &pmd) != SCAN_SUCCEED)
                        continue;

                if (hpage_collapse_test_exit(mm))
                        continue;

                if (!file_backed_vma_is_retractable(vma))
                        continue;

                /* PTEs were notified when unmapped; but now for the PMD? */
                mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0, mm,
                                        addr, addr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
                mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);

                pml = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);
                /*
                 * The lock of new_folio is still held, we will be blocked in
                 * the page fault path, which prevents the pte entries from
                 * being set again. So even though the old empty PTE page may be
                 * concurrently freed and a new PTE page is filled into the pmd
                 * entry, it is still empty and can be removed.
                 *
                 * So here we only need to recheck if the state of pmd entry
                 * still meets our requirements, rather than checking pmd_same()
                 * like elsewhere.
                 */
                if (check_pmd_state(pmd) != SCAN_SUCCEED)
                        goto drop_pml;
                ptl = pte_lockptr(mm, pmd);
                if (ptl != pml)
                        spin_lock_nested(ptl, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);

                /*
                 * Huge page lock is still held, so normally the page table must
                 * remain empty; and we have already skipped anon_vma and
                 * userfaultfd_wp() vmas.  But since the mmap_lock is not held,
                 * it is still possible for a racing userfaultfd_ioctl() or
                 * madvise() to have inserted ptes or markers.  Now that we hold
                 * ptlock, repeating the retractable checks protects us from
                 * races against the prior checks.
                 */
                if (likely(file_backed_vma_is_retractable(vma))) {
                        pgt_pmd = pmdp_collapse_flush(vma, addr, pmd);
                        pmdp_get_lockless_sync();
                        success = true;
                }

                if (ptl != pml)
                        spin_unlock(ptl);
drop_pml:
                spin_unlock(pml);

                mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);

                if (success) {
                        mm_dec_nr_ptes(mm);
                        page_table_check_pte_clear_range(mm, addr, pgt_pmd);
                        pte_free_defer(mm, pmd_pgtable(pgt_pmd));
                }
        }
        i_mmap_unlock_read(mapping);
}

/**
 * collapse_file - collapse filemap/tmpfs/shmem pages into huge one.
 *
 * @mm: process address space where collapse happens
 * @addr: virtual collapse start address
 * @file: file that collapse on
 * @start: collapse start address
 * @cc: collapse context and scratchpad
 *
 * Basic scheme is simple, details are more complex:
 *  - allocate and lock a new huge page;
 *  - scan page cache, locking old pages
 *    + swap/gup in pages if necessary;
 *  - copy data to new page
 *  - handle shmem holes
 *    + re-validate that holes weren't filled by someone else
 *    + check for userfaultfd
 *  - finalize updates to the page cache;
 *  - if replacing succeeds:
 *    + unlock huge page;
 *    + free old pages;
 *  - if replacing failed;
 *    + unlock old pages
 *    + unlock and free huge page;
 */
static enum scan_result collapse_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
                struct file *file, pgoff_t start, struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
        struct page *dst;
        struct folio *folio, *tmp, *new_folio;
        pgoff_t index = 0, end = start + HPAGE_PMD_NR;
        LIST_HEAD(pagelist);
        XA_STATE_ORDER(xas, &mapping->i_pages, start, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
        enum scan_result result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
        int nr_none = 0;
        bool is_shmem = shmem_file(file);

        VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS) && !is_shmem);
        VM_BUG_ON(start & (HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1));

        result = alloc_charge_folio(&new_folio, mm, cc);
        if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED)
                goto out;

        mapping_set_update(&xas, mapping);

        __folio_set_locked(new_folio);
        if (is_shmem)
                __folio_set_swapbacked(new_folio);
        new_folio->index = start;
        new_folio->mapping = mapping;

        /*
         * Ensure we have slots for all the pages in the range.  This is
         * almost certainly a no-op because most of the pages must be present
         */
        do {
                xas_lock_irq(&xas);
                xas_create_range(&xas);
                if (!xas_error(&xas))
                        break;
                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                if (!xas_nomem(&xas, GFP_KERNEL)) {
                        result = SCAN_FAIL;
                        goto rollback;
                }
        } while (1);

        for (index = start; index < end;) {
                xas_set(&xas, index);
                folio = xas_load(&xas);

                VM_BUG_ON(index != xas.xa_index);
                if (is_shmem) {
                        if (!folio) {
                                /*
                                 * Stop if extent has been truncated or
                                 * hole-punched, and is now completely
                                 * empty.
                                 */
                                if (index == start) {
                                        if (!xas_next_entry(&xas, end - 1)) {
                                                result = SCAN_TRUNCATED;
                                                goto xa_locked;
                                        }
                                }
                                nr_none++;
                                index++;
                                continue;
                        }

                        if (xa_is_value(folio) || !folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
                                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                                /* swap in or instantiate fallocated page */
                                if (shmem_get_folio(mapping->host, index, 0,
                                                &folio, SGP_NOALLOC)) {
                                        result = SCAN_FAIL;
                                        goto xa_unlocked;
                                }
                                /* drain lru cache to help folio_isolate_lru() */
                                lru_add_drain();
                        } else if (folio_trylock(folio)) {
                                folio_get(folio);
                                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                        } else {
                                result = SCAN_PAGE_LOCK;
                                goto xa_locked;
                        }
                } else {        /* !is_shmem */
                        if (!folio || xa_is_value(folio)) {
                                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                                page_cache_sync_readahead(mapping, &file->f_ra,
                                                          file, index,
                                                          end - index);
                                /* drain lru cache to help folio_isolate_lru() */
                                lru_add_drain();
                                folio = filemap_lock_folio(mapping, index);
                                if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
                                        result = SCAN_FAIL;
                                        goto xa_unlocked;
                                }
                        } else if (folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
                                /*
                                 * khugepaged only works on read-only fd,
                                 * so this page is dirty because it hasn't
                                 * been flushed since first write. There
                                 * won't be new dirty pages.
                                 *
                                 * Trigger async flush here and hope the
                                 * writeback is done when khugepaged
                                 * revisits this page.
                                 *
                                 * This is a one-off situation. We are not
                                 * forcing writeback in loop.
                                 */
                                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                                filemap_flush(mapping);
                                result = SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK;
                                goto xa_unlocked;
                        } else if (folio_test_writeback(folio)) {
                                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                                result = SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK;
                                goto xa_unlocked;
                        } else if (folio_trylock(folio)) {
                                folio_get(folio);
                                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                        } else {
                                result = SCAN_PAGE_LOCK;
                                goto xa_locked;
                        }
                }

                /*
                 * The folio must be locked, so we can drop the i_pages lock
                 * without racing with truncate.
                 */
                VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);

                /* make sure the folio is up to date */
                if (unlikely(!folio_test_uptodate(folio))) {
                        result = SCAN_FAIL;
                        goto out_unlock;
                }

                /*
                 * If file was truncated then extended, or hole-punched, before
                 * we locked the first folio, then a THP might be there already.
                 * This will be discovered on the first iteration.
                 */
                if (folio_order(folio) == HPAGE_PMD_ORDER &&
                    folio->index == start) {
                        /* Maybe PMD-mapped */
                        result = SCAN_PTE_MAPPED_HUGEPAGE;
                        goto out_unlock;
                }

                if (folio_mapping(folio) != mapping) {
                        result = SCAN_TRUNCATED;
                        goto out_unlock;
                }

                if (!is_shmem && (folio_test_dirty(folio) ||
                                  folio_test_writeback(folio))) {
                        /*
                         * khugepaged only works on read-only fd, so this
                         * folio is dirty because it hasn't been flushed
                         * since first write.
                         */
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK;
                        goto out_unlock;
                }

                if (!folio_isolate_lru(folio)) {
                        result = SCAN_DEL_PAGE_LRU;
                        goto out_unlock;
                }

                if (!filemap_release_folio(folio, GFP_KERNEL)) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_HAS_PRIVATE;
                        folio_putback_lru(folio);
                        goto out_unlock;
                }

                if (folio_mapped(folio))
                        try_to_unmap(folio,
                                        TTU_IGNORE_MLOCK | TTU_BATCH_FLUSH);

                xas_lock_irq(&xas);

                VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio != xa_load(xas.xa, index), folio);

                /*
                 * We control 2 + nr_pages references to the folio:
                 *  - we hold a pin on it;
                 *  - nr_pages reference from page cache;
                 *  - one from lru_isolate_folio;
                 * If those are the only references, then any new usage
                 * of the folio will have to fetch it from the page
                 * cache. That requires locking the folio to handle
                 * truncate, so any new usage will be blocked until we
                 * unlock folio after collapse/during rollback.
                 */
                if (folio_ref_count(folio) != 2 + folio_nr_pages(folio)) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_COUNT;
                        xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                        folio_putback_lru(folio);
                        goto out_unlock;
                }

                /*
                 * Accumulate the folios that are being collapsed.
                 */
                list_add_tail(&folio->lru, &pagelist);
                index += folio_nr_pages(folio);
                continue;
out_unlock:
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
                goto xa_unlocked;
        }

        if (!is_shmem) {
                filemap_nr_thps_inc(mapping);
                /*
                 * Paired with the fence in do_dentry_open() -> get_write_access()
                 * to ensure i_writecount is up to date and the update to nr_thps
                 * is visible. Ensures the page cache will be truncated if the
                 * file is opened writable.
                 */
                smp_mb();
                if (inode_is_open_for_write(mapping->host)) {
                        result = SCAN_FAIL;
                        filemap_nr_thps_dec(mapping);
                }
        }

xa_locked:
        xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
xa_unlocked:

        /*
         * If collapse is successful, flush must be done now before copying.
         * If collapse is unsuccessful, does flush actually need to be done?
         * Do it anyway, to clear the state.
         */
        try_to_unmap_flush();

        if (result == SCAN_SUCCEED && nr_none &&
            !shmem_charge(mapping->host, nr_none))
                result = SCAN_FAIL;
        if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED) {
                nr_none = 0;
                goto rollback;
        }

        /*
         * The old folios are locked, so they won't change anymore.
         */
        index = start;
        dst = folio_page(new_folio, 0);
        list_for_each_entry(folio, &pagelist, lru) {
                int i, nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);

                while (index < folio->index) {
                        clear_highpage(dst);
                        index++;
                        dst++;
                }

                for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                        if (copy_mc_highpage(dst, folio_page(folio, i)) > 0) {
                                result = SCAN_COPY_MC;
                                goto rollback;
                        }
                        index++;
                        dst++;
                }
        }
        while (index < end) {
                clear_highpage(dst);
                index++;
                dst++;
        }

        if (nr_none) {
                struct vm_area_struct *vma;
                int nr_none_check = 0;

                i_mmap_lock_read(mapping);
                xas_lock_irq(&xas);

                xas_set(&xas, start);
                for (index = start; index < end; index++) {
                        if (!xas_next(&xas)) {
                                xas_store(&xas, XA_RETRY_ENTRY);
                                if (xas_error(&xas)) {
                                        result = SCAN_STORE_FAILED;
                                        goto immap_locked;
                                }
                                nr_none_check++;
                        }
                }

                if (nr_none != nr_none_check) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_FILLED;
                        goto immap_locked;
                }

                /*
                 * If userspace observed a missing page in a VMA with
                 * a MODE_MISSING userfaultfd, then it might expect a
                 * UFFD_EVENT_PAGEFAULT for that page. If so, we need to
                 * roll back to avoid suppressing such an event. Since
                 * wp/minor userfaultfds don't give userspace any
                 * guarantees that the kernel doesn't fill a missing
                 * page with a zero page, so they don't matter here.
                 *
                 * Any userfaultfds registered after this point will
                 * not be able to observe any missing pages due to the
                 * previously inserted retry entries.
                 */
                vma_interval_tree_foreach(vma, &mapping->i_mmap, start, end) {
                        if (userfaultfd_missing(vma)) {
                                result = SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE;
                                goto immap_locked;
                        }
                }

immap_locked:
                i_mmap_unlock_read(mapping);
                if (result != SCAN_SUCCEED) {
                        xas_set(&xas, start);
                        for (index = start; index < end; index++) {
                                if (xas_next(&xas) == XA_RETRY_ENTRY)
                                        xas_store(&xas, NULL);
                        }

                        xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                        goto rollback;
                }
        } else {
                xas_lock_irq(&xas);
        }

        if (is_shmem) {
                lruvec_stat_mod_folio(new_folio, NR_SHMEM, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
                lruvec_stat_mod_folio(new_folio, NR_SHMEM_THPS, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
        } else {
                lruvec_stat_mod_folio(new_folio, NR_FILE_THPS, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
        }
        lruvec_stat_mod_folio(new_folio, NR_FILE_PAGES, HPAGE_PMD_NR);

        /*
         * Mark new_folio as uptodate before inserting it into the
         * page cache so that it isn't mistaken for an fallocated but
         * unwritten page.
         */
        folio_mark_uptodate(new_folio);
        folio_ref_add(new_folio, HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1);

        if (is_shmem)
                folio_mark_dirty(new_folio);
        folio_add_lru(new_folio);

        /* Join all the small entries into a single multi-index entry. */
        xas_set_order(&xas, start, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
        xas_store(&xas, new_folio);
        WARN_ON_ONCE(xas_error(&xas));
        xas_unlock_irq(&xas);

        /*
         * Remove pte page tables, so we can re-fault the page as huge.
         * If MADV_COLLAPSE, adjust result to call try_collapse_pte_mapped_thp().
         */
        retract_page_tables(mapping, start);
        if (cc && !cc->is_khugepaged)
                result = SCAN_PTE_MAPPED_HUGEPAGE;
        folio_unlock(new_folio);

        /*
         * The collapse has succeeded, so free the old folios.
         */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(folio, tmp, &pagelist, lru) {
                list_del(&folio->lru);
                lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_FILE_PAGES,
                                      -folio_nr_pages(folio));
                if (is_shmem)
                        lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_SHMEM,
                                              -folio_nr_pages(folio));
                folio->mapping = NULL;
                folio_clear_active(folio);
                folio_clear_unevictable(folio);
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put_refs(folio, 2 + folio_nr_pages(folio));
        }

        goto out;

rollback:
        /* Something went wrong: roll back page cache changes */
        if (nr_none) {
                xas_lock_irq(&xas);
                mapping->nrpages -= nr_none;
                xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
                shmem_uncharge(mapping->host, nr_none);
        }

        list_for_each_entry_safe(folio, tmp, &pagelist, lru) {
                list_del(&folio->lru);
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_putback_lru(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
        }
        /*
         * Undo the updates of filemap_nr_thps_inc for non-SHMEM
         * file only. This undo is not needed unless failure is
         * due to SCAN_COPY_MC.
         */
        if (!is_shmem && result == SCAN_COPY_MC) {
                filemap_nr_thps_dec(mapping);
                /*
                 * Paired with the fence in do_dentry_open() -> get_write_access()
                 * to ensure the update to nr_thps is visible.
                 */
                smp_mb();
        }

        new_folio->mapping = NULL;

        folio_unlock(new_folio);
        folio_put(new_folio);
out:
        VM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&pagelist));
        trace_mm_khugepaged_collapse_file(mm, new_folio, index, addr, is_shmem, file, HPAGE_PMD_NR, result);
        return result;
}

static enum scan_result hpage_collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
                struct file *file, pgoff_t start, struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        struct folio *folio = NULL;
        struct address_space *mapping = file->f_mapping;
        XA_STATE(xas, &mapping->i_pages, start);
        int present, swap;
        int node = NUMA_NO_NODE;
        enum scan_result result = SCAN_SUCCEED;

        present = 0;
        swap = 0;
        memset(cc->node_load, 0, sizeof(cc->node_load));
        nodes_clear(cc->alloc_nmask);
        rcu_read_lock();
        xas_for_each(&xas, folio, start + HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1) {
                if (xas_retry(&xas, folio))
                        continue;

                if (xa_is_value(folio)) {
                        swap += 1 << xas_get_order(&xas);
                        if (cc->is_khugepaged &&
                            swap > khugepaged_max_ptes_swap) {
                                result = SCAN_EXCEED_SWAP_PTE;
                                count_vm_event(THP_SCAN_EXCEED_SWAP_PTE);
                                break;
                        }
                        continue;
                }

                if (!folio_try_get(folio)) {
                        xas_reset(&xas);
                        continue;
                }

                if (unlikely(folio != xas_reload(&xas))) {
                        folio_put(folio);
                        xas_reset(&xas);
                        continue;
                }

                if (folio_order(folio) == HPAGE_PMD_ORDER &&
                    folio->index == start) {
                        /* Maybe PMD-mapped */
                        result = SCAN_PTE_MAPPED_HUGEPAGE;
                        /*
                         * For SCAN_PTE_MAPPED_HUGEPAGE, further processing
                         * by the caller won't touch the page cache, and so
                         * it's safe to skip LRU and refcount checks before
                         * returning.
                         */
                        folio_put(folio);
                        break;
                }

                node = folio_nid(folio);
                if (hpage_collapse_scan_abort(node, cc)) {
                        result = SCAN_SCAN_ABORT;
                        folio_put(folio);
                        break;
                }
                cc->node_load[node]++;

                if (!folio_test_lru(folio)) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_LRU;
                        folio_put(folio);
                        break;
                }

                if (folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + 1 != folio_ref_count(folio)) {
                        result = SCAN_PAGE_COUNT;
                        folio_put(folio);
                        break;
                }

                /*
                 * We probably should check if the folio is referenced
                 * here, but nobody would transfer pte_young() to
                 * folio_test_referenced() for us.  And rmap walk here
                 * is just too costly...
                 */

                present += folio_nr_pages(folio);
                folio_put(folio);

                if (need_resched()) {
                        xas_pause(&xas);
                        cond_resched_rcu();
                }
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();

        if (result == SCAN_SUCCEED) {
                if (cc->is_khugepaged &&
                    present < HPAGE_PMD_NR - khugepaged_max_ptes_none) {
                        result = SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE;
                        count_vm_event(THP_SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE);
                } else {
                        result = collapse_file(mm, addr, file, start, cc);
                }
        }

        trace_mm_khugepaged_scan_file(mm, folio, file, present, swap, result);
        return result;
}

static unsigned int khugepaged_scan_mm_slot(unsigned int pages, enum scan_result *result,
                                            struct collapse_control *cc)
        __releases(&khugepaged_mm_lock)
        __acquires(&khugepaged_mm_lock)
{
        struct vma_iterator vmi;
        struct mm_slot *slot;
        struct mm_struct *mm;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma;
        int progress = 0;

        VM_BUG_ON(!pages);
        lockdep_assert_held(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
        *result = SCAN_FAIL;

        if (khugepaged_scan.mm_slot) {
                slot = khugepaged_scan.mm_slot;
        } else {
                slot = list_first_entry(&khugepaged_scan.mm_head,
                                     struct mm_slot, mm_node);
                khugepaged_scan.address = 0;
                khugepaged_scan.mm_slot = slot;
        }
        spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);

        mm = slot->mm;
        /*
         * Don't wait for semaphore (to avoid long wait times).  Just move to
         * the next mm on the list.
         */
        vma = NULL;
        if (unlikely(!mmap_read_trylock(mm)))
                goto breakouterloop_mmap_lock;

        progress++;
        if (unlikely(hpage_collapse_test_exit_or_disable(mm)))
                goto breakouterloop;

        vma_iter_init(&vmi, mm, khugepaged_scan.address);
        for_each_vma(vmi, vma) {
                unsigned long hstart, hend;

                cond_resched();
                if (unlikely(hpage_collapse_test_exit_or_disable(mm))) {
                        progress++;
                        break;
                }
                if (!thp_vma_allowable_order(vma, vma->vm_flags, TVA_KHUGEPAGED, PMD_ORDER)) {
                        progress++;
                        continue;
                }
                hstart = round_up(vma->vm_start, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
                hend = round_down(vma->vm_end, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
                if (khugepaged_scan.address > hend) {
                        progress++;
                        continue;
                }
                if (khugepaged_scan.address < hstart)
                        khugepaged_scan.address = hstart;
                VM_BUG_ON(khugepaged_scan.address & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK);

                while (khugepaged_scan.address < hend) {
                        bool mmap_locked = true;

                        cond_resched();
                        if (unlikely(hpage_collapse_test_exit_or_disable(mm)))
                                goto breakouterloop;

                        VM_BUG_ON(khugepaged_scan.address < hstart ||
                                  khugepaged_scan.address + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE >
                                  hend);
                        if (!vma_is_anonymous(vma)) {
                                struct file *file = get_file(vma->vm_file);
                                pgoff_t pgoff = linear_page_index(vma,
                                                khugepaged_scan.address);

                                mmap_read_unlock(mm);
                                mmap_locked = false;
                                *result = hpage_collapse_scan_file(mm,
                                        khugepaged_scan.address, file, pgoff, cc);
                                fput(file);
                                if (*result == SCAN_PTE_MAPPED_HUGEPAGE) {
                                        mmap_read_lock(mm);
                                        if (hpage_collapse_test_exit_or_disable(mm))
                                                goto breakouterloop;
                                        *result = try_collapse_pte_mapped_thp(mm,
                                                khugepaged_scan.address, false);
                                        if (*result == SCAN_PMD_MAPPED)
                                                *result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
                                        mmap_read_unlock(mm);
                                }
                        } else {
                                *result = hpage_collapse_scan_pmd(mm, vma,
                                        khugepaged_scan.address, &mmap_locked, cc);
                        }

                        if (*result == SCAN_SUCCEED)
                                ++khugepaged_pages_collapsed;

                        /* move to next address */
                        khugepaged_scan.address += HPAGE_PMD_SIZE;
                        progress += HPAGE_PMD_NR;
                        if (!mmap_locked)
                                /*
                                 * We released mmap_lock so break loop.  Note
                                 * that we drop mmap_lock before all hugepage
                                 * allocations, so if allocation fails, we are
                                 * guaranteed to break here and report the
                                 * correct result back to caller.
                                 */
                                goto breakouterloop_mmap_lock;
                        if (progress >= pages)
                                goto breakouterloop;
                }
        }
breakouterloop:
        mmap_read_unlock(mm); /* exit_mmap will destroy ptes after this */
breakouterloop_mmap_lock:

        spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
        VM_BUG_ON(khugepaged_scan.mm_slot != slot);
        /*
         * Release the current mm_slot if this mm is about to die, or
         * if we scanned all vmas of this mm.
         */
        if (hpage_collapse_test_exit(mm) || !vma) {
                /*
                 * Make sure that if mm_users is reaching zero while
                 * khugepaged runs here, khugepaged_exit will find
                 * mm_slot not pointing to the exiting mm.
                 */
                if (!list_is_last(&slot->mm_node, &khugepaged_scan.mm_head)) {
                        khugepaged_scan.mm_slot = list_next_entry(slot, mm_node);
                        khugepaged_scan.address = 0;
                } else {
                        khugepaged_scan.mm_slot = NULL;
                        khugepaged_full_scans++;
                }

                collect_mm_slot(slot);
        }

        return progress;
}

static int khugepaged_has_work(void)
{
        return !list_empty(&khugepaged_scan.mm_head) && hugepage_pmd_enabled();
}

static int khugepaged_wait_event(void)
{
        return !list_empty(&khugepaged_scan.mm_head) ||
                kthread_should_stop();
}

static void khugepaged_do_scan(struct collapse_control *cc)
{
        unsigned int progress = 0, pass_through_head = 0;
        unsigned int pages = READ_ONCE(khugepaged_pages_to_scan);
        bool wait = true;
        enum scan_result result = SCAN_SUCCEED;

        lru_add_drain_all();

        while (true) {
                cond_resched();

                if (unlikely(kthread_should_stop()))
                        break;

                spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
                if (!khugepaged_scan.mm_slot)
                        pass_through_head++;
                if (khugepaged_has_work() &&
                    pass_through_head < 2)
                        progress += khugepaged_scan_mm_slot(pages - progress,
                                                            &result, cc);
                else
                        progress = pages;
                spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);

                if (progress >= pages)
                        break;

                if (result == SCAN_ALLOC_HUGE_PAGE_FAIL) {
                        /*
                         * If fail to allocate the first time, try to sleep for
                         * a while.  When hit again, cancel the scan.
                         */
                        if (!wait)
                                break;
                        wait = false;
                        khugepaged_alloc_sleep();
                }
        }
}

static bool khugepaged_should_wakeup(void)
{
        return kthread_should_stop() ||
               time_after_eq(jiffies, khugepaged_sleep_expire);
}

static void khugepaged_wait_work(void)
{
        if (khugepaged_has_work()) {
                const unsigned long scan_sleep_jiffies =
                        msecs_to_jiffies(khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs);

                if (!scan_sleep_jiffies)
                        return;

                khugepaged_sleep_expire = jiffies + scan_sleep_jiffies;
                wait_event_freezable_timeout(khugepaged_wait,
                                             khugepaged_should_wakeup(),
                                             scan_sleep_jiffies);
                return;
        }

        if (hugepage_pmd_enabled())
                wait_event_freezable(khugepaged_wait, khugepaged_wait_event());
}

static int khugepaged(void *none)
{
        struct mm_slot *slot;

        set_freezable();
        set_user_nice(current, MAX_NICE);

        while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
                khugepaged_do_scan(&khugepaged_collapse_control);
                khugepaged_wait_work();
        }

        spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
        slot = khugepaged_scan.mm_slot;
        khugepaged_scan.mm_slot = NULL;
        if (slot)
                collect_mm_slot(slot);
        spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
        return 0;
}

static void set_recommended_min_free_kbytes(void)
{
        struct zone *zone;
        int nr_zones = 0;
        unsigned long recommended_min;

        if (!hugepage_pmd_enabled()) {
                calculate_min_free_kbytes();
                goto update_wmarks;
        }

        for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
                /*
                 * We don't need to worry about fragmentation of
                 * ZONE_MOVABLE since it only has movable pages.
                 */
                if (zone_idx(zone) > gfp_zone(GFP_USER))
                        continue;

                nr_zones++;
        }

        /* Ensure 2 pageblocks are free to assist fragmentation avoidance */
        recommended_min = pageblock_nr_pages * nr_zones * 2;

        /*
         * Make sure that on average at least two pageblocks are almost free
         * of another type, one for a migratetype to fall back to and a
         * second to avoid subsequent fallbacks of other types There are 3
         * MIGRATE_TYPES we care about.
         */
        recommended_min += pageblock_nr_pages * nr_zones *
                           MIGRATE_PCPTYPES * MIGRATE_PCPTYPES;

        /* don't ever allow to reserve more than 5% of the lowmem */
        recommended_min = min(recommended_min,
                              (unsigned long) nr_free_buffer_pages() / 20);
        recommended_min <<= (PAGE_SHIFT-10);

        if (recommended_min > min_free_kbytes) {
                if (user_min_free_kbytes >= 0)
                        pr_info("raising min_free_kbytes from %d to %lu to help transparent hugepage allocations\n",
                                min_free_kbytes, recommended_min);

                min_free_kbytes = recommended_min;
        }

update_wmarks:
        setup_per_zone_wmarks();
}

int start_stop_khugepaged(void)
{
        int err = 0;

        mutex_lock(&khugepaged_mutex);
        if (hugepage_pmd_enabled()) {
                if (!khugepaged_thread)
                        khugepaged_thread = kthread_run(khugepaged, NULL,
                                                        "khugepaged");
                if (IS_ERR(khugepaged_thread)) {
                        pr_err("khugepaged: kthread_run(khugepaged) failed\n");
                        err = PTR_ERR(khugepaged_thread);
                        khugepaged_thread = NULL;
                        goto fail;
                }

                if (!list_empty(&khugepaged_scan.mm_head))
                        wake_up_interruptible(&khugepaged_wait);
        } else if (khugepaged_thread) {
                kthread_stop(khugepaged_thread);
                khugepaged_thread = NULL;
        }
        set_recommended_min_free_kbytes();
fail:
        mutex_unlock(&khugepaged_mutex);
        return err;
}

void khugepaged_min_free_kbytes_update(void)
{
        mutex_lock(&khugepaged_mutex);
        if (hugepage_pmd_enabled() && khugepaged_thread)
                set_recommended_min_free_kbytes();
        mutex_unlock(&khugepaged_mutex);
}

bool current_is_khugepaged(void)
{
        return kthread_func(current) == khugepaged;
}

static int madvise_collapse_errno(enum scan_result r)
{
        /*
         * MADV_COLLAPSE breaks from existing madvise(2) conventions to provide
         * actionable feedback to caller, so they may take an appropriate
         * fallback measure depending on the nature of the failure.
         */
        switch (r) {
        case SCAN_ALLOC_HUGE_PAGE_FAIL:
                return -ENOMEM;
        case SCAN_CGROUP_CHARGE_FAIL:
        case SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE:
                return -EBUSY;
        /* Resource temporary unavailable - trying again might succeed */
        case SCAN_PAGE_COUNT:
        case SCAN_PAGE_LOCK:
        case SCAN_PAGE_LRU:
        case SCAN_DEL_PAGE_LRU:
        case SCAN_PAGE_FILLED:
        case SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK:
                return -EAGAIN;
        /*
         * Other: Trying again likely not to succeed / error intrinsic to
         * specified memory range. khugepaged likely won't be able to collapse
         * either.
         */
        default:
                return -EINVAL;
        }
}

int madvise_collapse(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
                     unsigned long end, bool *lock_dropped)
{
        struct collapse_control *cc;
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        unsigned long hstart, hend, addr;
        enum scan_result last_fail = SCAN_FAIL;
        int thps = 0;
        bool mmap_locked = true;

        BUG_ON(vma->vm_start > start);
        BUG_ON(vma->vm_end < end);

        if (!thp_vma_allowable_order(vma, vma->vm_flags, TVA_FORCED_COLLAPSE, PMD_ORDER))
                return -EINVAL;

        cc = kmalloc_obj(*cc);
        if (!cc)
                return -ENOMEM;
        cc->is_khugepaged = false;

        mmgrab(mm);
        lru_add_drain_all();

        hstart = (start + ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK) & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
        hend = end & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;

        for (addr = hstart; addr < hend; addr += HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
                enum scan_result result = SCAN_FAIL;
                bool triggered_wb = false;

retry:
                if (!mmap_locked) {
                        cond_resched();
                        mmap_read_lock(mm);
                        mmap_locked = true;
                        result = hugepage_vma_revalidate(mm, addr, false, &vma,
                                                         cc);
                        if (result  != SCAN_SUCCEED) {
                                last_fail = result;
                                goto out_nolock;
                        }

                        hend = min(hend, vma->vm_end & HPAGE_PMD_MASK);
                }
                mmap_assert_locked(mm);
                if (!vma_is_anonymous(vma)) {
                        struct file *file = get_file(vma->vm_file);
                        pgoff_t pgoff = linear_page_index(vma, addr);

                        mmap_read_unlock(mm);
                        mmap_locked = false;
                        *lock_dropped = true;
                        result = hpage_collapse_scan_file(mm, addr, file, pgoff,
                                                          cc);

                        if (result == SCAN_PAGE_DIRTY_OR_WRITEBACK && !triggered_wb &&
                            mapping_can_writeback(file->f_mapping)) {
                                loff_t lstart = (loff_t)pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
                                loff_t lend = lstart + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE - 1;

                                filemap_write_and_wait_range(file->f_mapping, lstart, lend);
                                triggered_wb = true;
                                fput(file);
                                goto retry;
                        }
                        fput(file);
                } else {
                        result = hpage_collapse_scan_pmd(mm, vma, addr,
                                                         &mmap_locked, cc);
                }
                if (!mmap_locked)
                        *lock_dropped = true;

handle_result:
                switch (result) {
                case SCAN_SUCCEED:
                case SCAN_PMD_MAPPED:
                        ++thps;
                        break;
                case SCAN_PTE_MAPPED_HUGEPAGE:
                        BUG_ON(mmap_locked);
                        mmap_read_lock(mm);
                        result = try_collapse_pte_mapped_thp(mm, addr, true);
                        mmap_read_unlock(mm);
                        goto handle_result;
                /* Whitelisted set of results where continuing OK */
                case SCAN_NO_PTE_TABLE:
                case SCAN_PTE_NON_PRESENT:
                case SCAN_PTE_UFFD_WP:
                case SCAN_LACK_REFERENCED_PAGE:
                case SCAN_PAGE_NULL:
                case SCAN_PAGE_COUNT:
                case SCAN_PAGE_LOCK:
                case SCAN_PAGE_COMPOUND:
                case SCAN_PAGE_LRU:
                case SCAN_DEL_PAGE_LRU:
                        last_fail = result;
                        break;
                default:
                        last_fail = result;
                        /* Other error, exit */
                        goto out_maybelock;
                }
        }

out_maybelock:
        /* Caller expects us to hold mmap_lock on return */
        if (!mmap_locked)
                mmap_read_lock(mm);
out_nolock:
        mmap_assert_locked(mm);
        mmdrop(mm);
        kfree(cc);

        return thps == ((hend - hstart) >> HPAGE_PMD_SHIFT) ? 0
                        : madvise_collapse_errno(last_fail);
}