// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 *  linux/mm/swap.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 */

/*
 * This file contains the default values for the operation of the
 * Linux VM subsystem. Fine-tuning documentation can be found in
 * Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst.
 * Started 18.12.91
 * Swap aging added 23.2.95, Stephen Tweedie.
 * Buffermem limits added 12.3.98, Rik van Riel.
 */

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/percpu_counter.h>
#include <linux/memremap.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/page_idle.h>
#include <linux/local_lock.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>

#include "internal.h"

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/pagemap.h>

/* How many pages do we try to swap or page in/out together? As a power of 2 */
int page_cluster;
static const int page_cluster_max = 31;

struct cpu_fbatches {
        /*
         * The following folio batches are grouped together because they are protected
         * by disabling preemption (and interrupts remain enabled).
         */
        local_lock_t lock;
        struct folio_batch lru_add;
        struct folio_batch lru_deactivate_file;
        struct folio_batch lru_deactivate;
        struct folio_batch lru_lazyfree;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
        struct folio_batch lru_activate;
#endif
        /* Protecting the following batches which require disabling interrupts */
        local_lock_t lock_irq;
        struct folio_batch lru_move_tail;
};

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_fbatches, cpu_fbatches) = {
        .lock = INIT_LOCAL_LOCK(lock),
        .lock_irq = INIT_LOCAL_LOCK(lock_irq),
};

static void __page_cache_release(struct folio *folio, struct lruvec **lruvecp,
                unsigned long *flagsp)
{
        if (folio_test_lru(folio)) {
                folio_lruvec_relock_irqsave(folio, lruvecp, flagsp);
                lruvec_del_folio(*lruvecp, folio);
                __folio_clear_lru_flags(folio);
        }
}

/*
 * This path almost never happens for VM activity - pages are normally freed
 * in batches.  But it gets used by networking - and for compound pages.
 */
static void page_cache_release(struct folio *folio)
{
        struct lruvec *lruvec = NULL;
        unsigned long flags;

        __page_cache_release(folio, &lruvec, &flags);
        if (lruvec)
                unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
}

void __folio_put(struct folio *folio)
{
        if (unlikely(folio_is_zone_device(folio))) {
                free_zone_device_folio(folio);
                return;
        }

        if (folio_test_hugetlb(folio)) {
                free_huge_folio(folio);
                return;
        }

        page_cache_release(folio);
        folio_unqueue_deferred_split(folio);
        mem_cgroup_uncharge(folio);
        free_frozen_pages(&folio->page, folio_order(folio));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__folio_put);

typedef void (*move_fn_t)(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio);

static void lru_add(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
{
        int was_unevictable = folio_test_clear_unevictable(folio);
        long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);

        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);

        /*
         * Is an smp_mb__after_atomic() still required here, before
         * folio_evictable() tests the mlocked flag, to rule out the possibility
         * of stranding an evictable folio on an unevictable LRU?  I think
         * not, because __munlock_folio() only clears the mlocked flag
         * while the LRU lock is held.
         *
         * (That is not true of __page_cache_release(), and not necessarily
         * true of folios_put(): but those only clear the mlocked flag after
         * folio_put_testzero() has excluded any other users of the folio.)
         */
        if (folio_evictable(folio)) {
                if (was_unevictable)
                        __count_vm_events(UNEVICTABLE_PGRESCUED, nr_pages);
        } else {
                folio_clear_active(folio);
                folio_set_unevictable(folio);
                /*
                 * folio->mlock_count = !!folio_test_mlocked(folio)?
                 * But that leaves __mlock_folio() in doubt whether another
                 * actor has already counted the mlock or not.  Err on the
                 * safe side, underestimate, let page reclaim fix it, rather
                 * than leaving a page on the unevictable LRU indefinitely.
                 */
                folio->mlock_count = 0;
                if (!was_unevictable)
                        __count_vm_events(UNEVICTABLE_PGCULLED, nr_pages);
        }

        lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);
        trace_mm_lru_insertion(folio);
}

static void folio_batch_move_lru(struct folio_batch *fbatch, move_fn_t move_fn)
{
        int i;
        struct lruvec *lruvec = NULL;
        unsigned long flags = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < folio_batch_count(fbatch); i++) {
                struct folio *folio = fbatch->folios[i];

                /* block memcg migration while the folio moves between lru */
                if (move_fn != lru_add && !folio_test_clear_lru(folio))
                        continue;

                folio_lruvec_relock_irqsave(folio, &lruvec, &flags);
                move_fn(lruvec, folio);

                folio_set_lru(folio);
        }

        if (lruvec)
                unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
        folios_put(fbatch);
}

static void __folio_batch_add_and_move(struct folio_batch __percpu *fbatch,
                struct folio *folio, move_fn_t move_fn, bool disable_irq)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        folio_get(folio);

        if (disable_irq)
                local_lock_irqsave(&cpu_fbatches.lock_irq, flags);
        else
                local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);

        if (!folio_batch_add(this_cpu_ptr(fbatch), folio) ||
                        !folio_may_be_lru_cached(folio) || lru_cache_disabled())
                folio_batch_move_lru(this_cpu_ptr(fbatch), move_fn);

        if (disable_irq)
                local_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_fbatches.lock_irq, flags);
        else
                local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
}

#define folio_batch_add_and_move(folio, op)             \
        __folio_batch_add_and_move(                     \
                &cpu_fbatches.op,                       \
                folio,                                  \
                op,                                     \
                offsetof(struct cpu_fbatches, op) >=    \
                offsetof(struct cpu_fbatches, lock_irq) \
        )

static void lru_move_tail(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
{
        if (folio_test_unevictable(folio))
                return;

        lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
        folio_clear_active(folio);
        lruvec_add_folio_tail(lruvec, folio);
        __count_vm_events(PGROTATED, folio_nr_pages(folio));
}

/*
 * Writeback is about to end against a folio which has been marked for
 * immediate reclaim.  If it still appears to be reclaimable, move it
 * to the tail of the inactive list.
 *
 * folio_rotate_reclaimable() must disable IRQs, to prevent nasty races.
 */
void folio_rotate_reclaimable(struct folio *folio)
{
        if (folio_test_locked(folio) || folio_test_dirty(folio) ||
            folio_test_unevictable(folio) || !folio_test_lru(folio))
                return;

        folio_batch_add_and_move(folio, lru_move_tail);
}

void lru_note_cost_unlock_irq(struct lruvec *lruvec, bool file,
                unsigned int nr_io, unsigned int nr_rotated)
                __releases(lruvec->lru_lock)
{
        unsigned long cost;

        /*
         * Reflect the relative cost of incurring IO and spending CPU
         * time on rotations. This doesn't attempt to make a precise
         * comparison, it just says: if reloads are about comparable
         * between the LRU lists, or rotations are overwhelmingly
         * different between them, adjust scan balance for CPU work.
         */
        cost = nr_io * SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX + nr_rotated;
        if (!cost) {
                spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock);
                return;
        }

        for (;;) {
                unsigned long lrusize;

                /* Record cost event */
                if (file)
                        lruvec->file_cost += cost;
                else
                        lruvec->anon_cost += cost;

                /*
                 * Decay previous events
                 *
                 * Because workloads change over time (and to avoid
                 * overflow) we keep these statistics as a floating
                 * average, which ends up weighing recent refaults
                 * more than old ones.
                 */
                lrusize = lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_ANON) +
                          lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_ACTIVE_ANON) +
                          lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_INACTIVE_FILE) +
                          lruvec_page_state(lruvec, NR_ACTIVE_FILE);

                if (lruvec->file_cost + lruvec->anon_cost > lrusize / 4) {
                        lruvec->file_cost /= 2;
                        lruvec->anon_cost /= 2;
                }

                spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock);
                lruvec = parent_lruvec(lruvec);
                if (!lruvec)
                        break;
                spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock);
        }
}

void lru_note_cost_refault(struct folio *folio)
{
        struct lruvec *lruvec;

        lruvec = folio_lruvec_lock_irq(folio);
        lru_note_cost_unlock_irq(lruvec, folio_is_file_lru(folio),
                                folio_nr_pages(folio), 0);
}

static void lru_activate(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
{
        long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);

        if (folio_test_active(folio) || folio_test_unevictable(folio))
                return;


        lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
        folio_set_active(folio);
        lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);
        trace_mm_lru_activate(folio);

        __count_vm_events(PGACTIVATE, nr_pages);
        count_memcg_events(lruvec_memcg(lruvec), PGACTIVATE, nr_pages);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static void folio_activate_drain(int cpu)
{
        struct folio_batch *fbatch = &per_cpu(cpu_fbatches.lru_activate, cpu);

        if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
                folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_activate);
}

void folio_activate(struct folio *folio)
{
        if (folio_test_active(folio) || folio_test_unevictable(folio) ||
            !folio_test_lru(folio))
                return;

        folio_batch_add_and_move(folio, lru_activate);
}

#else
static inline void folio_activate_drain(int cpu)
{
}

void folio_activate(struct folio *folio)
{
        struct lruvec *lruvec;

        if (!folio_test_clear_lru(folio))
                return;

        lruvec = folio_lruvec_lock_irq(folio);
        lru_activate(lruvec, folio);
        unlock_page_lruvec_irq(lruvec);
        folio_set_lru(folio);
}
#endif

static void __lru_cache_activate_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
        struct folio_batch *fbatch;
        int i;

        local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
        fbatch = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_fbatches.lru_add);

        /*
         * Search backwards on the optimistic assumption that the folio being
         * activated has just been added to this batch. Note that only
         * the local batch is examined as a !LRU folio could be in the
         * process of being released, reclaimed, migrated or on a remote
         * batch that is currently being drained. Furthermore, marking
         * a remote batch's folio active potentially hits a race where
         * a folio is marked active just after it is added to the inactive
         * list causing accounting errors and BUG_ON checks to trigger.
         */
        for (i = folio_batch_count(fbatch) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                struct folio *batch_folio = fbatch->folios[i];

                if (batch_folio == folio) {
                        folio_set_active(folio);
                        break;
                }
        }

        local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_LRU_GEN

static void lru_gen_inc_refs(struct folio *folio)
{
        unsigned long new_flags, old_flags = READ_ONCE(folio->flags.f);

        if (folio_test_unevictable(folio))
                return;

        /* see the comment on LRU_REFS_FLAGS */
        if (!folio_test_referenced(folio)) {
                set_mask_bits(&folio->flags.f, LRU_REFS_MASK, BIT(PG_referenced));
                return;
        }

        do {
                if ((old_flags & LRU_REFS_MASK) == LRU_REFS_MASK) {
                        if (!folio_test_workingset(folio))
                                folio_set_workingset(folio);
                        return;
                }

                new_flags = old_flags + BIT(LRU_REFS_PGOFF);
        } while (!try_cmpxchg(&folio->flags.f, &old_flags, new_flags));
}

static bool lru_gen_clear_refs(struct folio *folio)
{
        struct lru_gen_folio *lrugen;
        int gen = folio_lru_gen(folio);
        int type = folio_is_file_lru(folio);

        if (gen < 0)
                return true;

        set_mask_bits(&folio->flags.f, LRU_REFS_FLAGS | BIT(PG_workingset), 0);

        lrugen = &folio_lruvec(folio)->lrugen;
        /* whether can do without shuffling under the LRU lock */
        return gen == lru_gen_from_seq(READ_ONCE(lrugen->min_seq[type]));
}

#else /* !CONFIG_LRU_GEN */

static void lru_gen_inc_refs(struct folio *folio)
{
}

static bool lru_gen_clear_refs(struct folio *folio)
{
        return false;
}

#endif /* CONFIG_LRU_GEN */

/**
 * folio_mark_accessed - Mark a folio as having seen activity.
 * @folio: The folio to mark.
 *
 * This function will perform one of the following transitions:
 *
 * * inactive,unreferenced      ->      inactive,referenced
 * * inactive,referenced        ->      active,unreferenced
 * * active,unreferenced        ->      active,referenced
 *
 * When a newly allocated folio is not yet visible, so safe for non-atomic ops,
 * __folio_set_referenced() may be substituted for folio_mark_accessed().
 */
void folio_mark_accessed(struct folio *folio)
{
        if (folio_test_dropbehind(folio))
                return;
        if (lru_gen_enabled()) {
                lru_gen_inc_refs(folio);
                return;
        }

        if (!folio_test_referenced(folio)) {
                folio_set_referenced(folio);
        } else if (folio_test_unevictable(folio)) {
                /*
                 * Unevictable pages are on the "LRU_UNEVICTABLE" list. But,
                 * this list is never rotated or maintained, so marking an
                 * unevictable page accessed has no effect.
                 */
        } else if (!folio_test_active(folio)) {
                /*
                 * If the folio is on the LRU, queue it for activation via
                 * cpu_fbatches.lru_activate. Otherwise, assume the folio is in a
                 * folio_batch, mark it active and it'll be moved to the active
                 * LRU on the next drain.
                 */
                if (folio_test_lru(folio))
                        folio_activate(folio);
                else
                        __lru_cache_activate_folio(folio);
                folio_clear_referenced(folio);
                workingset_activation(folio);
        }
        if (folio_test_idle(folio))
                folio_clear_idle(folio);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(folio_mark_accessed);

/**
 * folio_add_lru - Add a folio to an LRU list.
 * @folio: The folio to be added to the LRU.
 *
 * Queue the folio for addition to the LRU. The decision on whether
 * to add the page to the [in]active [file|anon] list is deferred until the
 * folio_batch is drained. This gives a chance for the caller of folio_add_lru()
 * have the folio added to the active list using folio_mark_accessed().
 */
void folio_add_lru(struct folio *folio)
{
        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_active(folio) &&
                        folio_test_unevictable(folio), folio);
        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);

        /* see the comment in lru_gen_folio_seq() */
        if (lru_gen_enabled() && !folio_test_unevictable(folio) &&
            lru_gen_in_fault() && !(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC))
                folio_set_active(folio);

        folio_batch_add_and_move(folio, lru_add);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(folio_add_lru);

/**
 * folio_add_lru_vma() - Add a folio to the appropriate LRU list for this VMA.
 * @folio: The folio to be added to the LRU.
 * @vma: VMA in which the folio is mapped.
 *
 * If the VMA is mlocked, @folio is added to the unevictable list.
 * Otherwise, it is treated the same way as folio_add_lru().
 */
void folio_add_lru_vma(struct folio *folio, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);

        if (unlikely((vma->vm_flags & (VM_LOCKED | VM_SPECIAL)) == VM_LOCKED))
                mlock_new_folio(folio);
        else
                folio_add_lru(folio);
}

/*
 * If the folio cannot be invalidated, it is moved to the
 * inactive list to speed up its reclaim.  It is moved to the
 * head of the list, rather than the tail, to give the flusher
 * threads some time to write it out, as this is much more
 * effective than the single-page writeout from reclaim.
 *
 * If the folio isn't mapped and dirty/writeback, the folio
 * could be reclaimed asap using the reclaim flag.
 *
 * 1. active, mapped folio -> none
 * 2. active, dirty/writeback folio -> inactive, head, reclaim
 * 3. inactive, mapped folio -> none
 * 4. inactive, dirty/writeback folio -> inactive, head, reclaim
 * 5. inactive, clean -> inactive, tail
 * 6. Others -> none
 *
 * In 4, it moves to the head of the inactive list so the folio is
 * written out by flusher threads as this is much more efficient
 * than the single-page writeout from reclaim.
 */
static void lru_deactivate_file(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
{
        bool active = folio_test_active(folio) || lru_gen_enabled();
        long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);

        if (folio_test_unevictable(folio))
                return;

        /* Some processes are using the folio */
        if (folio_mapped(folio))
                return;

        lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
        folio_clear_active(folio);
        folio_clear_referenced(folio);

        if (folio_test_writeback(folio) || folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
                /*
                 * Setting the reclaim flag could race with
                 * folio_end_writeback() and confuse readahead.  But the
                 * race window is _really_ small and  it's not a critical
                 * problem.
                 */
                lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);
                folio_set_reclaim(folio);
        } else {
                /*
                 * The folio's writeback ended while it was in the batch.
                 * We move that folio to the tail of the inactive list.
                 */
                lruvec_add_folio_tail(lruvec, folio);
                __count_vm_events(PGROTATED, nr_pages);
        }

        if (active) {
                __count_vm_events(PGDEACTIVATE, nr_pages);
                count_memcg_events(lruvec_memcg(lruvec), PGDEACTIVATE,
                                     nr_pages);
        }
}

static void lru_deactivate(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
{
        long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);

        if (folio_test_unevictable(folio) || !(folio_test_active(folio) || lru_gen_enabled()))
                return;

        lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
        folio_clear_active(folio);
        folio_clear_referenced(folio);
        lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);

        __count_vm_events(PGDEACTIVATE, nr_pages);
        count_memcg_events(lruvec_memcg(lruvec), PGDEACTIVATE, nr_pages);
}

static void lru_lazyfree(struct lruvec *lruvec, struct folio *folio)
{
        long nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);

        if (!folio_test_anon(folio) || !folio_test_swapbacked(folio) ||
            folio_test_swapcache(folio) || folio_test_unevictable(folio))
                return;

        lruvec_del_folio(lruvec, folio);
        folio_clear_active(folio);
        if (lru_gen_enabled())
                lru_gen_clear_refs(folio);
        else
                folio_clear_referenced(folio);
        /*
         * Lazyfree folios are clean anonymous folios.  They have
         * the swapbacked flag cleared, to distinguish them from normal
         * anonymous folios
         */
        folio_clear_swapbacked(folio);
        lruvec_add_folio(lruvec, folio);

        __count_vm_events(PGLAZYFREE, nr_pages);
        count_memcg_events(lruvec_memcg(lruvec), PGLAZYFREE, nr_pages);
}

/*
 * Drain pages out of the cpu's folio_batch.
 * Either "cpu" is the current CPU, and preemption has already been
 * disabled; or "cpu" is being hot-unplugged, and is already dead.
 */
void lru_add_drain_cpu(int cpu)
{
        struct cpu_fbatches *fbatches = &per_cpu(cpu_fbatches, cpu);
        struct folio_batch *fbatch = &fbatches->lru_add;

        if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
                folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_add);

        fbatch = &fbatches->lru_move_tail;
        /* Disabling interrupts below acts as a compiler barrier. */
        if (data_race(folio_batch_count(fbatch))) {
                unsigned long flags;

                /* No harm done if a racing interrupt already did this */
                local_lock_irqsave(&cpu_fbatches.lock_irq, flags);
                folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_move_tail);
                local_unlock_irqrestore(&cpu_fbatches.lock_irq, flags);
        }

        fbatch = &fbatches->lru_deactivate_file;
        if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
                folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_deactivate_file);

        fbatch = &fbatches->lru_deactivate;
        if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
                folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_deactivate);

        fbatch = &fbatches->lru_lazyfree;
        if (folio_batch_count(fbatch))
                folio_batch_move_lru(fbatch, lru_lazyfree);

        folio_activate_drain(cpu);
}

/**
 * deactivate_file_folio() - Deactivate a file folio.
 * @folio: Folio to deactivate.
 *
 * This function hints to the VM that @folio is a good reclaim candidate,
 * for example if its invalidation fails due to the folio being dirty
 * or under writeback.
 *
 * Context: Caller holds a reference on the folio.
 */
void deactivate_file_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
        /* Deactivating an unevictable folio will not accelerate reclaim */
        if (folio_test_unevictable(folio) || !folio_test_lru(folio))
                return;

        if (lru_gen_enabled() && lru_gen_clear_refs(folio))
                return;

        folio_batch_add_and_move(folio, lru_deactivate_file);
}

/*
 * folio_deactivate - deactivate a folio
 * @folio: folio to deactivate
 *
 * folio_deactivate() moves @folio to the inactive list if @folio was on the
 * active list and was not unevictable. This is done to accelerate the
 * reclaim of @folio.
 */
void folio_deactivate(struct folio *folio)
{
        if (folio_test_unevictable(folio) || !folio_test_lru(folio))
                return;

        if (lru_gen_enabled() ? lru_gen_clear_refs(folio) : !folio_test_active(folio))
                return;

        folio_batch_add_and_move(folio, lru_deactivate);
}

/**
 * folio_mark_lazyfree - make an anon folio lazyfree
 * @folio: folio to deactivate
 *
 * folio_mark_lazyfree() moves @folio to the inactive file list.
 * This is done to accelerate the reclaim of @folio.
 */
void folio_mark_lazyfree(struct folio *folio)
{
        if (!folio_test_anon(folio) || !folio_test_swapbacked(folio) ||
            !folio_test_lru(folio) ||
            folio_test_swapcache(folio) || folio_test_unevictable(folio))
                return;

        folio_batch_add_and_move(folio, lru_lazyfree);
}

void lru_add_drain(void)
{
        local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
        lru_add_drain_cpu(smp_processor_id());
        local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
        mlock_drain_local();
}

/*
 * It's called from per-cpu workqueue context in SMP case so
 * lru_add_drain_cpu and invalidate_bh_lrus_cpu should run on
 * the same cpu. It shouldn't be a problem in !SMP case since
 * the core is only one and the locks will disable preemption.
 */
static void lru_add_and_bh_lrus_drain(void)
{
        local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
        lru_add_drain_cpu(smp_processor_id());
        local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
        invalidate_bh_lrus_cpu();
        mlock_drain_local();
}

void lru_add_drain_cpu_zone(struct zone *zone)
{
        local_lock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
        lru_add_drain_cpu(smp_processor_id());
        drain_local_pages(zone);
        local_unlock(&cpu_fbatches.lock);
        mlock_drain_local();
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct work_struct, lru_add_drain_work);

static void lru_add_drain_per_cpu(struct work_struct *dummy)
{
        lru_add_and_bh_lrus_drain();
}

static bool cpu_needs_drain(unsigned int cpu)
{
        struct cpu_fbatches *fbatches = &per_cpu(cpu_fbatches, cpu);

        /* Check these in order of likelihood that they're not zero */
        return folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_add) ||
                folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_move_tail) ||
                folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_deactivate_file) ||
                folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_deactivate) ||
                folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_lazyfree) ||
                folio_batch_count(&fbatches->lru_activate) ||
                need_mlock_drain(cpu) ||
                has_bh_in_lru(cpu, NULL);
}

/*
 * Doesn't need any cpu hotplug locking because we do rely on per-cpu
 * kworkers being shut down before our page_alloc_cpu_dead callback is
 * executed on the offlined cpu.
 * Calling this function with cpu hotplug locks held can actually lead
 * to obscure indirect dependencies via WQ context.
 */
static inline void __lru_add_drain_all(bool force_all_cpus)
{
        /*
         * lru_drain_gen - Global pages generation number
         *
         * (A) Definition: global lru_drain_gen = x implies that all generations
         *     0 < n <= x are already *scheduled* for draining.
         *
         * This is an optimization for the highly-contended use case where a
         * user space workload keeps constantly generating a flow of pages for
         * each CPU.
         */
        static unsigned int lru_drain_gen;
        static struct cpumask has_work;
        static DEFINE_MUTEX(lock);
        unsigned cpu, this_gen;

        /*
         * Make sure nobody triggers this path before mm_percpu_wq is fully
         * initialized.
         */
        if (WARN_ON(!mm_percpu_wq))
                return;

        /*
         * Guarantee folio_batch counter stores visible by this CPU
         * are visible to other CPUs before loading the current drain
         * generation.
         */
        smp_mb();

        /*
         * (B) Locally cache global LRU draining generation number
         *
         * The read barrier ensures that the counter is loaded before the mutex
         * is taken. It pairs with smp_mb() inside the mutex critical section
         * at (D).
         */
        this_gen = smp_load_acquire(&lru_drain_gen);

        /* It helps everyone if we do our own local drain immediately. */
        lru_add_drain();

        mutex_lock(&lock);

        /*
         * (C) Exit the draining operation if a newer generation, from another
         * lru_add_drain_all(), was already scheduled for draining. Check (A).
         */
        if (unlikely(this_gen != lru_drain_gen && !force_all_cpus))
                goto done;

        /*
         * (D) Increment global generation number
         *
         * Pairs with smp_load_acquire() at (B), outside of the critical
         * section. Use a full memory barrier to guarantee that the
         * new global drain generation number is stored before loading
         * folio_batch counters.
         *
         * This pairing must be done here, before the for_each_online_cpu loop
         * below which drains the page vectors.
         *
         * Let x, y, and z represent some system CPU numbers, where x < y < z.
         * Assume CPU #z is in the middle of the for_each_online_cpu loop
         * below and has already reached CPU #y's per-cpu data. CPU #x comes
         * along, adds some pages to its per-cpu vectors, then calls
         * lru_add_drain_all().
         *
         * If the paired barrier is done at any later step, e.g. after the
         * loop, CPU #x will just exit at (C) and miss flushing out all of its
         * added pages.
         */
        WRITE_ONCE(lru_drain_gen, lru_drain_gen + 1);
        smp_mb();

        cpumask_clear(&has_work);
        for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                struct work_struct *work = &per_cpu(lru_add_drain_work, cpu);

                if (cpu_needs_drain(cpu)) {
                        INIT_WORK(work, lru_add_drain_per_cpu);
                        queue_work_on(cpu, mm_percpu_wq, work);
                        __cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &has_work);
                }
        }

        for_each_cpu(cpu, &has_work)
                flush_work(&per_cpu(lru_add_drain_work, cpu));

done:
        mutex_unlock(&lock);
}

void lru_add_drain_all(void)
{
        __lru_add_drain_all(false);
}
#else
void lru_add_drain_all(void)
{
        lru_add_drain();
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */

atomic_t lru_disable_count = ATOMIC_INIT(0);

/*
 * lru_cache_disable() needs to be called before we start compiling
 * a list of folios to be migrated using folio_isolate_lru().
 * It drains folios on LRU cache and then disable on all cpus until
 * lru_cache_enable is called.
 *
 * Must be paired with a call to lru_cache_enable().
 */
void lru_cache_disable(void)
{
        atomic_inc(&lru_disable_count);
        /*
         * Readers of lru_disable_count are protected by either disabling
         * preemption or rcu_read_lock:
         *
         * preempt_disable, local_irq_disable  [bh_lru_lock()]
         * rcu_read_lock                       [rt_spin_lock CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT]
         * preempt_disable                     [local_lock !CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT]
         *
         * Since v5.1 kernel, synchronize_rcu() is guaranteed to wait on
         * preempt_disable() regions of code. So any CPU which sees
         * lru_disable_count = 0 will have exited the critical
         * section when synchronize_rcu() returns.
         */
        synchronize_rcu_expedited();
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
        __lru_add_drain_all(true);
#else
        lru_add_and_bh_lrus_drain();
#endif
}

/**
 * folios_put_refs - Reduce the reference count on a batch of folios.
 * @folios: The folios.
 * @refs: The number of refs to subtract from each folio.
 *
 * Like folio_put(), but for a batch of folios.  This is more efficient
 * than writing the loop yourself as it will optimise the locks which need
 * to be taken if the folios are freed.  The folios batch is returned
 * empty and ready to be reused for another batch; there is no need
 * to reinitialise it.  If @refs is NULL, we subtract one from each
 * folio refcount.
 *
 * Context: May be called in process or interrupt context, but not in NMI
 * context.  May be called while holding a spinlock.
 */
void folios_put_refs(struct folio_batch *folios, unsigned int *refs)
{
        int i, j;
        struct lruvec *lruvec = NULL;
        unsigned long flags = 0;

        for (i = 0, j = 0; i < folios->nr; i++) {
                struct folio *folio = folios->folios[i];
                unsigned int nr_refs = refs ? refs[i] : 1;

                if (is_huge_zero_folio(folio))
                        continue;

                if (folio_is_zone_device(folio)) {
                        if (lruvec) {
                                unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
                                lruvec = NULL;
                        }
                        if (folio_ref_sub_and_test(folio, nr_refs))
                                free_zone_device_folio(folio);
                        continue;
                }

                if (!folio_ref_sub_and_test(folio, nr_refs))
                        continue;

                /* hugetlb has its own memcg */
                if (folio_test_hugetlb(folio)) {
                        if (lruvec) {
                                unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
                                lruvec = NULL;
                        }
                        free_huge_folio(folio);
                        continue;
                }
                folio_unqueue_deferred_split(folio);
                __page_cache_release(folio, &lruvec, &flags);

                if (j != i)
                        folios->folios[j] = folio;
                j++;
        }
        if (lruvec)
                unlock_page_lruvec_irqrestore(lruvec, flags);
        if (!j) {
                folio_batch_reinit(folios);
                return;
        }

        folios->nr = j;
        mem_cgroup_uncharge_folios(folios);
        free_unref_folios(folios);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(folios_put_refs);

/**
 * release_pages - batched put_page()
 * @arg: array of pages to release
 * @nr: number of pages
 *
 * Decrement the reference count on all the pages in @arg.  If it
 * fell to zero, remove the page from the LRU and free it.
 *
 * Note that the argument can be an array of pages, encoded pages,
 * or folio pointers. We ignore any encoded bits, and turn any of
 * them into just a folio that gets free'd.
 */
void release_pages(release_pages_arg arg, int nr)
{
        struct folio_batch fbatch;
        int refs[PAGEVEC_SIZE];
        struct encoded_page **encoded = arg.encoded_pages;
        int i;

        folio_batch_init(&fbatch);
        for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
                /* Turn any of the argument types into a folio */
                struct folio *folio = page_folio(encoded_page_ptr(encoded[i]));

                /* Is our next entry actually "nr_pages" -> "nr_refs" ? */
                refs[fbatch.nr] = 1;
                if (unlikely(encoded_page_flags(encoded[i]) &
                             ENCODED_PAGE_BIT_NR_PAGES_NEXT))
                        refs[fbatch.nr] = encoded_nr_pages(encoded[++i]);

                if (folio_batch_add(&fbatch, folio) > 0)
                        continue;
                folios_put_refs(&fbatch, refs);
        }

        if (fbatch.nr)
                folios_put_refs(&fbatch, refs);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(release_pages);

/*
 * The folios which we're about to release may be in the deferred lru-addition
 * queues.  That would prevent them from really being freed right now.  That's
 * OK from a correctness point of view but is inefficient - those folios may be
 * cache-warm and we want to give them back to the page allocator ASAP.
 *
 * So __folio_batch_release() will drain those queues here.
 * folio_batch_move_lru() calls folios_put() directly to avoid
 * mutual recursion.
 */
void __folio_batch_release(struct folio_batch *fbatch)
{
        if (!fbatch->percpu_pvec_drained) {
                lru_add_drain();
                fbatch->percpu_pvec_drained = true;
        }
        folios_put(fbatch);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__folio_batch_release);

/**
 * folio_batch_remove_exceptionals() - Prune non-folios from a batch.
 * @fbatch: The batch to prune
 *
 * find_get_entries() fills a batch with both folios and shadow/swap/DAX
 * entries.  This function prunes all the non-folio entries from @fbatch
 * without leaving holes, so that it can be passed on to folio-only batch
 * operations.
 */
void folio_batch_remove_exceptionals(struct folio_batch *fbatch)
{
        unsigned int i, j;

        for (i = 0, j = 0; i < folio_batch_count(fbatch); i++) {
                struct folio *folio = fbatch->folios[i];
                if (!xa_is_value(folio))
                        fbatch->folios[j++] = folio;
        }
        fbatch->nr = j;
}

static const struct ctl_table swap_sysctl_table[] = {
        {
                .procname       = "page-cluster",
                .data           = &page_cluster,
                .maxlen         = sizeof(int),
                .mode           = 0644,
                .proc_handler   = proc_dointvec_minmax,
                .extra1         = SYSCTL_ZERO,
                .extra2         = (void *)&page_cluster_max,
        }
};

/*
 * Perform any setup for the swap system
 */
void __init swap_setup(void)
{
        unsigned long megs = PAGES_TO_MB(totalram_pages());

        /* Use a smaller cluster for small-memory machines */
        if (megs < 16)
                page_cluster = 2;
        else
                page_cluster = 3;
        /*
         * Right now other parts of the system means that we
         * _really_ don't want to cluster much more
         */

        register_sysctl_init("vm", swap_sysctl_table);
}