// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
/*
 * NILFS inode operations.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2005-2008 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation.
 *
 * Written by Ryusuke Konishi.
 *
 */

#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/mpage.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/fiemap.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include "nilfs.h"
#include "btnode.h"
#include "segment.h"
#include "page.h"
#include "mdt.h"
#include "cpfile.h"
#include "ifile.h"

/**
 * struct nilfs_iget_args - arguments used during comparison between inodes
 * @ino: inode number
 * @cno: checkpoint number
 * @root: pointer on NILFS root object (mounted checkpoint)
 * @type: inode type
 */
struct nilfs_iget_args {
        u64 ino;
        __u64 cno;
        struct nilfs_root *root;
        unsigned int type;
};

static int nilfs_iget_test(struct inode *inode, void *opaque);

void nilfs_inode_add_blocks(struct inode *inode, int n)
{
        struct nilfs_root *root = NILFS_I(inode)->i_root;

        inode_add_bytes(inode, i_blocksize(inode) * n);
        if (root)
                atomic64_add(n, &root->blocks_count);
}

void nilfs_inode_sub_blocks(struct inode *inode, int n)
{
        struct nilfs_root *root = NILFS_I(inode)->i_root;

        inode_sub_bytes(inode, i_blocksize(inode) * n);
        if (root)
                atomic64_sub(n, &root->blocks_count);
}

/**
 * nilfs_get_block() - get a file block on the filesystem (callback function)
 * @inode: inode struct of the target file
 * @blkoff: file block number
 * @bh_result: buffer head to be mapped on
 * @create: indicate whether allocating the block or not when it has not
 *      been allocated yet.
 *
 * This function does not issue actual read request of the specified data
 * block. It is done by VFS.
 *
 * Return: 0 on success, or a negative error code on failure.
 */
int nilfs_get_block(struct inode *inode, sector_t blkoff,
                    struct buffer_head *bh_result, int create)
{
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
        __u64 blknum = 0;
        int err = 0, ret;
        unsigned int maxblocks = bh_result->b_size >> inode->i_blkbits;

        down_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
        ret = nilfs_bmap_lookup_contig(ii->i_bmap, blkoff, &blknum, maxblocks);
        up_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
        if (ret >= 0) { /* found */
                map_bh(bh_result, inode->i_sb, blknum);
                if (ret > 0)
                        bh_result->b_size = (ret << inode->i_blkbits);
                goto out;
        }
        /* data block was not found */
        if (ret == -ENOENT && create) {
                struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;

                bh_result->b_blocknr = 0;
                err = nilfs_transaction_begin(inode->i_sb, &ti, 1);
                if (unlikely(err))
                        goto out;
                err = nilfs_bmap_insert(ii->i_bmap, blkoff,
                                        (unsigned long)bh_result);
                if (unlikely(err != 0)) {
                        if (err == -EEXIST) {
                                /*
                                 * The get_block() function could be called
                                 * from multiple callers for an inode.
                                 * However, the page having this block must
                                 * be locked in this case.
                                 */
                                nilfs_warn(inode->i_sb,
                                           "%s (ino=%lu): a race condition while inserting a data block at offset=%llu",
                                           __func__, inode->i_ino,
                                           (unsigned long long)blkoff);
                                err = -EAGAIN;
                        }
                        nilfs_transaction_abort(inode->i_sb);
                        goto out;
                }
                nilfs_mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
                nilfs_transaction_commit(inode->i_sb); /* never fails */
                /* Error handling should be detailed */
                set_buffer_new(bh_result);
                set_buffer_delay(bh_result);
                map_bh(bh_result, inode->i_sb, 0);
                /* Disk block number must be changed to proper value */

        } else if (ret == -ENOENT) {
                /*
                 * not found is not error (e.g. hole); must return without
                 * the mapped state flag.
                 */
                ;
        } else {
                err = ret;
        }

 out:
        return err;
}

/**
 * nilfs_read_folio() - implement read_folio() method of nilfs_aops {}
 * address_space_operations.
 * @file: file struct of the file to be read
 * @folio: the folio to be read
 *
 * Return: 0 on success, or a negative error code on failure.
 */
static int nilfs_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
{
        return mpage_read_folio(folio, nilfs_get_block);
}

static void nilfs_readahead(struct readahead_control *rac)
{
        mpage_readahead(rac, nilfs_get_block);
}

static int nilfs_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
                            struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        int err = 0;

        if (sb_rdonly(inode->i_sb)) {
                nilfs_clear_dirty_pages(mapping);
                return -EROFS;
        }

        if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL)
                err = nilfs_construct_dsync_segment(inode->i_sb, inode,
                                                    wbc->range_start,
                                                    wbc->range_end);
        return err;
}

static bool nilfs_dirty_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
                struct folio *folio)
{
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        struct buffer_head *head;
        unsigned int nr_dirty = 0;
        bool ret = filemap_dirty_folio(mapping, folio);

        /*
         * The page may not be locked, eg if called from try_to_unmap_one()
         */
        spin_lock(&mapping->i_private_lock);
        head = folio_buffers(folio);
        if (head) {
                struct buffer_head *bh = head;

                do {
                        /* Do not mark hole blocks dirty */
                        if (buffer_dirty(bh) || !buffer_mapped(bh))
                                continue;

                        set_buffer_dirty(bh);
                        nr_dirty++;
                } while (bh = bh->b_this_page, bh != head);
        } else if (ret) {
                nr_dirty = 1 << (folio_shift(folio) - inode->i_blkbits);
        }
        spin_unlock(&mapping->i_private_lock);

        if (nr_dirty)
                nilfs_set_file_dirty(inode, nr_dirty);
        return ret;
}

void nilfs_write_failed(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t to)
{
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;

        if (to > inode->i_size) {
                truncate_pagecache(inode, inode->i_size);
                nilfs_truncate(inode);
        }
}

static int nilfs_write_begin(const struct kiocb *iocb,
                             struct address_space *mapping,
                             loff_t pos, unsigned len,
                             struct folio **foliop, void **fsdata)

{
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        int err = nilfs_transaction_begin(inode->i_sb, NULL, 1);

        if (unlikely(err))
                return err;

        err = block_write_begin(mapping, pos, len, foliop, nilfs_get_block);
        if (unlikely(err)) {
                nilfs_write_failed(mapping, pos + len);
                nilfs_transaction_abort(inode->i_sb);
        }
        return err;
}

static int nilfs_write_end(const struct kiocb *iocb,
                           struct address_space *mapping,
                           loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
                           struct folio *folio, void *fsdata)
{
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        unsigned int start = pos & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
        unsigned int nr_dirty;
        int err;

        nr_dirty = nilfs_page_count_clean_buffers(folio, start,
                                                  start + copied);
        copied = generic_write_end(iocb, mapping, pos, len, copied, folio,
                                   fsdata);
        nilfs_set_file_dirty(inode, nr_dirty);
        err = nilfs_transaction_commit(inode->i_sb);
        return err ? : copied;
}

static ssize_t
nilfs_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
{
        struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);

        if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE)
                return 0;

        /* Needs synchronization with the cleaner */
        return blockdev_direct_IO(iocb, inode, iter, nilfs_get_block);
}

const struct address_space_operations nilfs_aops = {
        .read_folio             = nilfs_read_folio,
        .writepages             = nilfs_writepages,
        .dirty_folio            = nilfs_dirty_folio,
        .readahead              = nilfs_readahead,
        .write_begin            = nilfs_write_begin,
        .write_end              = nilfs_write_end,
        .invalidate_folio       = block_invalidate_folio,
        .direct_IO              = nilfs_direct_IO,
        .migrate_folio          = buffer_migrate_folio_norefs,
        .is_partially_uptodate  = block_is_partially_uptodate,
};

const struct address_space_operations nilfs_buffer_cache_aops = {
        .invalidate_folio       = block_invalidate_folio,
};

static int nilfs_insert_inode_locked(struct inode *inode,
                                     struct nilfs_root *root,
                                     unsigned long ino)
{
        struct nilfs_iget_args args = {
                .ino = ino, .root = root, .cno = 0, .type = NILFS_I_TYPE_NORMAL
        };

        return insert_inode_locked4(inode, ino, nilfs_iget_test, &args);
}

struct inode *nilfs_new_inode(struct inode *dir, umode_t mode)
{
        struct super_block *sb = dir->i_sb;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii;
        struct nilfs_root *root;
        struct buffer_head *bh;
        int err = -ENOMEM;
        ino_t ino;

        inode = new_inode(sb);
        if (unlikely(!inode))
                goto failed;

        mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping,
                           mapping_gfp_constraint(inode->i_mapping, ~__GFP_FS));

        root = NILFS_I(dir)->i_root;
        ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        ii->i_state = BIT(NILFS_I_NEW);
        ii->i_type = NILFS_I_TYPE_NORMAL;
        ii->i_root = root;

        err = nilfs_ifile_create_inode(root->ifile, &ino, &bh);
        if (unlikely(err))
                goto failed_ifile_create_inode;
        /* reference count of i_bh inherits from nilfs_mdt_read_block() */
        ii->i_bh = bh;

        atomic64_inc(&root->inodes_count);
        inode_init_owner(&nop_mnt_idmap, inode, dir, mode);
        inode->i_ino = ino;
        simple_inode_init_ts(inode);

        if (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)) {
                err = nilfs_bmap_read(ii->i_bmap, NULL);
                if (err < 0)
                        goto failed_after_creation;

                set_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state);
                /* No lock is needed; iget() ensures it. */
        }

        ii->i_flags = nilfs_mask_flags(
                mode, NILFS_I(dir)->i_flags & NILFS_FL_INHERITED);

        /* ii->i_file_acl = 0; */
        /* ii->i_dir_acl = 0; */
        ii->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
        nilfs_set_inode_flags(inode);
        inode->i_generation = get_random_u32();
        if (nilfs_insert_inode_locked(inode, root, ino) < 0) {
                err = -EIO;
                goto failed_after_creation;
        }

        err = nilfs_init_acl(inode, dir);
        if (unlikely(err))
                /*
                 * Never occur.  When supporting nilfs_init_acl(),
                 * proper cancellation of above jobs should be considered.
                 */
                goto failed_after_creation;

        return inode;

 failed_after_creation:
        clear_nlink(inode);
        if (inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_NEW)
                unlock_new_inode(inode);
        iput(inode);  /*
                       * raw_inode will be deleted through
                       * nilfs_evict_inode().
                       */
        goto failed;

 failed_ifile_create_inode:
        make_bad_inode(inode);
        iput(inode);
 failed:
        return ERR_PTR(err);
}

void nilfs_set_inode_flags(struct inode *inode)
{
        unsigned int flags = NILFS_I(inode)->i_flags;
        unsigned int new_fl = 0;

        if (flags & FS_SYNC_FL)
                new_fl |= S_SYNC;
        if (flags & FS_APPEND_FL)
                new_fl |= S_APPEND;
        if (flags & FS_IMMUTABLE_FL)
                new_fl |= S_IMMUTABLE;
        if (flags & FS_NOATIME_FL)
                new_fl |= S_NOATIME;
        if (flags & FS_DIRSYNC_FL)
                new_fl |= S_DIRSYNC;
        inode_set_flags(inode, new_fl, S_SYNC | S_APPEND | S_IMMUTABLE |
                        S_NOATIME | S_DIRSYNC);
}

int nilfs_read_inode_common(struct inode *inode,
                            struct nilfs_inode *raw_inode)
{
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        int err;

        inode->i_mode = le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mode);
        i_uid_write(inode, le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_uid));
        i_gid_write(inode, le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_gid));
        set_nlink(inode, le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_links_count));
        inode->i_size = le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_size);
        inode_set_atime(inode, le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime),
                        le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime_nsec));
        inode_set_ctime(inode, le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_ctime),
                        le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_ctime_nsec));
        inode_set_mtime(inode, le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime),
                        le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime_nsec));
        if (nilfs_is_metadata_file_inode(inode) && !S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                return -EIO; /* this inode is for metadata and corrupted */
        if (inode->i_nlink == 0)
                return -ESTALE; /* this inode is deleted */

        inode->i_blocks = le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_blocks);
        ii->i_flags = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_flags);
#if 0
        ii->i_file_acl = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_file_acl);
        ii->i_dir_acl = S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) ?
                0 : le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_dir_acl);
#endif
        ii->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
        inode->i_generation = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_generation);

        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) || S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ||
            S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode)) {
                err = nilfs_bmap_read(ii->i_bmap, raw_inode);
                if (err < 0)
                        return err;
                set_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state);
                /* No lock is needed; iget() ensures it. */
        }
        return 0;
}

static int __nilfs_read_inode(struct super_block *sb,
                              struct nilfs_root *root, unsigned long ino,
                              struct inode *inode)
{
        struct the_nilfs *nilfs = sb->s_fs_info;
        struct buffer_head *bh;
        struct nilfs_inode *raw_inode;
        int err;

        down_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
        err = nilfs_ifile_get_inode_block(root->ifile, ino, &bh);
        if (unlikely(err))
                goto bad_inode;

        raw_inode = nilfs_ifile_map_inode(root->ifile, ino, bh);

        err = nilfs_read_inode_common(inode, raw_inode);
        if (err)
                goto failed_unmap;

        if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
                inode->i_op = &nilfs_file_inode_operations;
                inode->i_fop = &nilfs_file_operations;
                inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &nilfs_aops;
        } else if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
                inode->i_op = &nilfs_dir_inode_operations;
                inode->i_fop = &nilfs_dir_operations;
                inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &nilfs_aops;
        } else if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode)) {
                inode->i_op = &nilfs_symlink_inode_operations;
                inode_nohighmem(inode);
                inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &nilfs_aops;
        } else if (S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) || S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode) ||
                   S_ISFIFO(inode->i_mode) || S_ISSOCK(inode->i_mode)) {
                inode->i_op = &nilfs_special_inode_operations;
                init_special_inode(
                        inode, inode->i_mode,
                        huge_decode_dev(le64_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_device_code)));
        } else {
                nilfs_error(sb,
                            "invalid file type bits in mode 0%o for inode %lu",
                            inode->i_mode, ino);
                err = -EIO;
                goto failed_unmap;
        }
        nilfs_ifile_unmap_inode(raw_inode);
        brelse(bh);
        up_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
        nilfs_set_inode_flags(inode);
        mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping,
                           mapping_gfp_constraint(inode->i_mapping, ~__GFP_FS));
        return 0;

 failed_unmap:
        nilfs_ifile_unmap_inode(raw_inode);
        brelse(bh);

 bad_inode:
        up_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
        return err;
}

static int nilfs_iget_test(struct inode *inode, void *opaque)
{
        struct nilfs_iget_args *args = opaque;
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii;

        if (args->ino != inode->i_ino || args->root != NILFS_I(inode)->i_root)
                return 0;

        ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        if (ii->i_type != args->type)
                return 0;

        return !(args->type & NILFS_I_TYPE_GC) || args->cno == ii->i_cno;
}

static int nilfs_iget_set(struct inode *inode, void *opaque)
{
        struct nilfs_iget_args *args = opaque;

        inode->i_ino = args->ino;
        NILFS_I(inode)->i_cno = args->cno;
        NILFS_I(inode)->i_root = args->root;
        NILFS_I(inode)->i_type = args->type;
        if (args->root && args->ino == NILFS_ROOT_INO)
                nilfs_get_root(args->root);
        return 0;
}

struct inode *nilfs_ilookup(struct super_block *sb, struct nilfs_root *root,
                            unsigned long ino)
{
        struct nilfs_iget_args args = {
                .ino = ino, .root = root, .cno = 0, .type = NILFS_I_TYPE_NORMAL
        };

        return ilookup5(sb, ino, nilfs_iget_test, &args);
}

struct inode *nilfs_iget_locked(struct super_block *sb, struct nilfs_root *root,
                                unsigned long ino)
{
        struct nilfs_iget_args args = {
                .ino = ino, .root = root, .cno = 0, .type = NILFS_I_TYPE_NORMAL
        };

        return iget5_locked(sb, ino, nilfs_iget_test, nilfs_iget_set, &args);
}

struct inode *nilfs_iget(struct super_block *sb, struct nilfs_root *root,
                         unsigned long ino)
{
        struct inode *inode;
        int err;

        inode = nilfs_iget_locked(sb, root, ino);
        if (unlikely(!inode))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

        if (!(inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_NEW)) {
                if (!inode->i_nlink) {
                        iput(inode);
                        return ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
                }
                return inode;
        }

        err = __nilfs_read_inode(sb, root, ino, inode);
        if (unlikely(err)) {
                iget_failed(inode);
                return ERR_PTR(err);
        }
        unlock_new_inode(inode);
        return inode;
}

struct inode *nilfs_iget_for_gc(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino,
                                __u64 cno)
{
        struct nilfs_iget_args args = {
                .ino = ino, .root = NULL, .cno = cno, .type = NILFS_I_TYPE_GC
        };
        struct inode *inode;
        int err;

        inode = iget5_locked(sb, ino, nilfs_iget_test, nilfs_iget_set, &args);
        if (unlikely(!inode))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
        if (!(inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_NEW))
                return inode;

        err = nilfs_init_gcinode(inode);
        if (unlikely(err)) {
                iget_failed(inode);
                return ERR_PTR(err);
        }
        unlock_new_inode(inode);
        return inode;
}

/**
 * nilfs_attach_btree_node_cache - attach a B-tree node cache to the inode
 * @inode: inode object
 *
 * nilfs_attach_btree_node_cache() attaches a B-tree node cache to @inode,
 * or does nothing if the inode already has it.  This function allocates
 * an additional inode to maintain page cache of B-tree nodes one-on-one.
 *
 * Return: 0 on success, or %-ENOMEM if memory is insufficient.
 */
int nilfs_attach_btree_node_cache(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        struct inode *btnc_inode;
        struct nilfs_iget_args args;

        if (ii->i_assoc_inode)
                return 0;

        args.ino = inode->i_ino;
        args.root = ii->i_root;
        args.cno = ii->i_cno;
        args.type = ii->i_type | NILFS_I_TYPE_BTNC;

        btnc_inode = iget5_locked(inode->i_sb, inode->i_ino, nilfs_iget_test,
                                  nilfs_iget_set, &args);
        if (unlikely(!btnc_inode))
                return -ENOMEM;
        if (inode_state_read_once(btnc_inode) & I_NEW) {
                nilfs_init_btnc_inode(btnc_inode);
                unlock_new_inode(btnc_inode);
        }
        NILFS_I(btnc_inode)->i_assoc_inode = inode;
        NILFS_I(btnc_inode)->i_bmap = ii->i_bmap;
        ii->i_assoc_inode = btnc_inode;

        return 0;
}

/**
 * nilfs_detach_btree_node_cache - detach the B-tree node cache from the inode
 * @inode: inode object
 *
 * nilfs_detach_btree_node_cache() detaches the B-tree node cache and its
 * holder inode bound to @inode, or does nothing if @inode doesn't have it.
 */
void nilfs_detach_btree_node_cache(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        struct inode *btnc_inode = ii->i_assoc_inode;

        if (btnc_inode) {
                NILFS_I(btnc_inode)->i_assoc_inode = NULL;
                ii->i_assoc_inode = NULL;
                iput(btnc_inode);
        }
}

/**
 * nilfs_iget_for_shadow - obtain inode for shadow mapping
 * @inode: inode object that uses shadow mapping
 *
 * nilfs_iget_for_shadow() allocates a pair of inodes that holds page
 * caches for shadow mapping.  The page cache for data pages is set up
 * in one inode and the one for b-tree node pages is set up in the
 * other inode, which is attached to the former inode.
 *
 * Return: a pointer to the inode for data pages on success, or %-ENOMEM
 * if memory is insufficient.
 */
struct inode *nilfs_iget_for_shadow(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct nilfs_iget_args args = {
                .ino = inode->i_ino, .root = NULL, .cno = 0,
                .type = NILFS_I_TYPE_SHADOW
        };
        struct inode *s_inode;
        int err;

        s_inode = iget5_locked(inode->i_sb, inode->i_ino, nilfs_iget_test,
                               nilfs_iget_set, &args);
        if (unlikely(!s_inode))
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
        if (!(inode_state_read_once(s_inode) & I_NEW))
                return inode;

        NILFS_I(s_inode)->i_flags = 0;
        memset(NILFS_I(s_inode)->i_bmap, 0, sizeof(struct nilfs_bmap));
        mapping_set_gfp_mask(s_inode->i_mapping, GFP_NOFS);
        s_inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &nilfs_buffer_cache_aops;

        err = nilfs_attach_btree_node_cache(s_inode);
        if (unlikely(err)) {
                iget_failed(s_inode);
                return ERR_PTR(err);
        }
        unlock_new_inode(s_inode);
        return s_inode;
}

/**
 * nilfs_write_inode_common - export common inode information to on-disk inode
 * @inode:     inode object
 * @raw_inode: on-disk inode
 *
 * This function writes standard information from the on-memory inode @inode
 * to @raw_inode on ifile, cpfile or a super root block.  Since inode bmap
 * data is not exported, nilfs_bmap_write() must be called separately during
 * log writing.
 */
void nilfs_write_inode_common(struct inode *inode,
                              struct nilfs_inode *raw_inode)
{
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);

        raw_inode->i_mode = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_mode);
        raw_inode->i_uid = cpu_to_le32(i_uid_read(inode));
        raw_inode->i_gid = cpu_to_le32(i_gid_read(inode));
        raw_inode->i_links_count = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_nlink);
        raw_inode->i_size = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_size);
        raw_inode->i_ctime = cpu_to_le64(inode_get_ctime_sec(inode));
        raw_inode->i_mtime = cpu_to_le64(inode_get_mtime_sec(inode));
        raw_inode->i_ctime_nsec = cpu_to_le32(inode_get_ctime_nsec(inode));
        raw_inode->i_mtime_nsec = cpu_to_le32(inode_get_mtime_nsec(inode));
        raw_inode->i_blocks = cpu_to_le64(inode->i_blocks);

        raw_inode->i_flags = cpu_to_le32(ii->i_flags);
        raw_inode->i_generation = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_generation);

        /*
         * When extending inode, nilfs->ns_inode_size should be checked
         * for substitutions of appended fields.
         */
}

void nilfs_update_inode(struct inode *inode, struct buffer_head *ibh, int flags)
{
        ino_t ino = inode->i_ino;
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        struct inode *ifile = ii->i_root->ifile;
        struct nilfs_inode *raw_inode;

        raw_inode = nilfs_ifile_map_inode(ifile, ino, ibh);

        if (test_and_clear_bit(NILFS_I_NEW, &ii->i_state))
                memset(raw_inode, 0, NILFS_MDT(ifile)->mi_entry_size);
        if (flags & I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)
                set_bit(NILFS_I_INODE_SYNC, &ii->i_state);

        nilfs_write_inode_common(inode, raw_inode);

        if (S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) || S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode))
                raw_inode->i_device_code =
                        cpu_to_le64(huge_encode_dev(inode->i_rdev));

        nilfs_ifile_unmap_inode(raw_inode);
}

#define NILFS_MAX_TRUNCATE_BLOCKS       16384  /* 64MB for 4KB block */

static void nilfs_truncate_bmap(struct nilfs_inode_info *ii,
                                unsigned long from)
{
        __u64 b;
        int ret;

        if (!test_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state))
                return;
repeat:
        ret = nilfs_bmap_last_key(ii->i_bmap, &b);
        if (ret == -ENOENT)
                return;
        else if (ret < 0)
                goto failed;

        if (b < from)
                return;

        b -= min_t(__u64, NILFS_MAX_TRUNCATE_BLOCKS, b - from);
        ret = nilfs_bmap_truncate(ii->i_bmap, b);
        nilfs_relax_pressure_in_lock(ii->vfs_inode.i_sb);
        if (!ret || (ret == -ENOMEM &&
                     nilfs_bmap_truncate(ii->i_bmap, b) == 0))
                goto repeat;

failed:
        nilfs_warn(ii->vfs_inode.i_sb, "error %d truncating bmap (ino=%lu)",
                   ret, ii->vfs_inode.i_ino);
}

void nilfs_truncate(struct inode *inode)
{
        unsigned long blkoff;
        unsigned int blocksize;
        struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;
        struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);

        if (!test_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state))
                return;
        if (IS_APPEND(inode) || IS_IMMUTABLE(inode))
                return;

        blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
        blkoff = (inode->i_size + blocksize - 1) >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
        nilfs_transaction_begin(sb, &ti, 0); /* never fails */

        block_truncate_page(inode->i_mapping, inode->i_size, nilfs_get_block);

        nilfs_truncate_bmap(ii, blkoff);

        inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, inode_set_ctime_current(inode));
        if (IS_SYNC(inode))
                nilfs_set_transaction_flag(NILFS_TI_SYNC);

        nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(inode);
        nilfs_set_file_dirty(inode, 0);
        nilfs_transaction_commit(sb);
        /*
         * May construct a logical segment and may fail in sync mode.
         * But truncate has no return value.
         */
}

static void nilfs_clear_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);

        /*
         * Free resources allocated in nilfs_read_inode(), here.
         */
        BUG_ON(!list_empty(&ii->i_dirty));
        brelse(ii->i_bh);
        ii->i_bh = NULL;

        if (nilfs_is_metadata_file_inode(inode))
                nilfs_mdt_clear(inode);

        if (test_bit(NILFS_I_BMAP, &ii->i_state))
                nilfs_bmap_clear(ii->i_bmap);

        if (!(ii->i_type & NILFS_I_TYPE_BTNC))
                nilfs_detach_btree_node_cache(inode);

        if (ii->i_root && inode->i_ino == NILFS_ROOT_INO)
                nilfs_put_root(ii->i_root);
}

void nilfs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;
        struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        struct the_nilfs *nilfs;
        int ret;

        if (inode->i_nlink || !ii->i_root || unlikely(is_bad_inode(inode))) {
                truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);
                clear_inode(inode);
                nilfs_clear_inode(inode);
                return;
        }
        nilfs_transaction_begin(sb, &ti, 0); /* never fails */

        truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);

        nilfs = sb->s_fs_info;
        if (unlikely(sb_rdonly(sb) || !nilfs->ns_writer)) {
                /*
                 * If this inode is about to be disposed after the file system
                 * has been degraded to read-only due to file system corruption
                 * or after the writer has been detached, do not make any
                 * changes that cause writes, just clear it.
                 * Do this check after read-locking ns_segctor_sem by
                 * nilfs_transaction_begin() in order to avoid a race with
                 * the writer detach operation.
                 */
                clear_inode(inode);
                nilfs_clear_inode(inode);
                nilfs_transaction_abort(sb);
                return;
        }

        /* TODO: some of the following operations may fail.  */
        nilfs_truncate_bmap(ii, 0);
        nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(inode);
        clear_inode(inode);

        ret = nilfs_ifile_delete_inode(ii->i_root->ifile, inode->i_ino);
        if (!ret)
                atomic64_dec(&ii->i_root->inodes_count);

        nilfs_clear_inode(inode);

        if (IS_SYNC(inode))
                nilfs_set_transaction_flag(NILFS_TI_SYNC);
        nilfs_transaction_commit(sb);
        /*
         * May construct a logical segment and may fail in sync mode.
         * But delete_inode has no return value.
         */
}

int nilfs_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
                  struct iattr *iattr)
{
        struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;
        struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
        struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
        int err;

        err = setattr_prepare(&nop_mnt_idmap, dentry, iattr);
        if (err)
                return err;

        err = nilfs_transaction_begin(sb, &ti, 0);
        if (unlikely(err))
                return err;

        if ((iattr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) &&
            iattr->ia_size != i_size_read(inode)) {
                inode_dio_wait(inode);
                truncate_setsize(inode, iattr->ia_size);
                nilfs_truncate(inode);
        }

        setattr_copy(&nop_mnt_idmap, inode, iattr);
        mark_inode_dirty(inode);

        if (iattr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE) {
                err = nilfs_acl_chmod(inode);
                if (unlikely(err))
                        goto out_err;
        }

        return nilfs_transaction_commit(sb);

out_err:
        nilfs_transaction_abort(sb);
        return err;
}

int nilfs_permission(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *inode,
                     int mask)
{
        struct nilfs_root *root = NILFS_I(inode)->i_root;

        if ((mask & MAY_WRITE) && root &&
            root->cno != NILFS_CPTREE_CURRENT_CNO)
                return -EROFS; /* snapshot is not writable */

        return generic_permission(&nop_mnt_idmap, inode, mask);
}

int nilfs_load_inode_block(struct inode *inode, struct buffer_head **pbh)
{
        struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        int err;

        spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
        if (ii->i_bh == NULL || unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(ii->i_bh))) {
                spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
                err = nilfs_ifile_get_inode_block(ii->i_root->ifile,
                                                  inode->i_ino, pbh);
                if (unlikely(err))
                        return err;
                spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
                if (ii->i_bh == NULL)
                        ii->i_bh = *pbh;
                else if (unlikely(!buffer_uptodate(ii->i_bh))) {
                        __brelse(ii->i_bh);
                        ii->i_bh = *pbh;
                } else {
                        brelse(*pbh);
                        *pbh = ii->i_bh;
                }
        } else
                *pbh = ii->i_bh;

        get_bh(*pbh);
        spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
        return 0;
}

int nilfs_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
        int ret = 0;

        if (!list_empty(&ii->i_dirty)) {
                spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
                ret = test_bit(NILFS_I_DIRTY, &ii->i_state) ||
                        test_bit(NILFS_I_BUSY, &ii->i_state);
                spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
        }
        return ret;
}

int nilfs_set_file_dirty(struct inode *inode, unsigned int nr_dirty)
{
        struct nilfs_inode_info *ii = NILFS_I(inode);
        struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;

        atomic_add(nr_dirty, &nilfs->ns_ndirtyblks);

        if (test_and_set_bit(NILFS_I_DIRTY, &ii->i_state))
                return 0;

        spin_lock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
        if (!test_bit(NILFS_I_QUEUED, &ii->i_state) &&
            !test_bit(NILFS_I_BUSY, &ii->i_state)) {
                /*
                 * Because this routine may race with nilfs_dispose_list(),
                 * we have to check NILFS_I_QUEUED here, too.
                 */
                if (list_empty(&ii->i_dirty) && igrab(inode) == NULL) {
                        /*
                         * This will happen when somebody is freeing
                         * this inode.
                         */
                        nilfs_warn(inode->i_sb,
                                   "cannot set file dirty (ino=%lu): the file is being freed",
                                   inode->i_ino);
                        spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
                        return -EINVAL; /*
                                         * NILFS_I_DIRTY may remain for
                                         * freeing inode.
                                         */
                }
                list_move_tail(&ii->i_dirty, &nilfs->ns_dirty_files);
                set_bit(NILFS_I_QUEUED, &ii->i_state);
        }
        spin_unlock(&nilfs->ns_inode_lock);
        return 0;
}

int __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
{
        struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
        struct buffer_head *ibh;
        int err;

        /*
         * Do not dirty inodes after the log writer has been detached
         * and its nilfs_root struct has been freed.
         */
        if (unlikely(nilfs_purging(nilfs)))
                return 0;

        err = nilfs_load_inode_block(inode, &ibh);
        if (unlikely(err)) {
                nilfs_warn(inode->i_sb,
                           "cannot mark inode dirty (ino=%lu): error %d loading inode block",
                           inode->i_ino, err);
                return err;
        }
        nilfs_update_inode(inode, ibh, flags);
        mark_buffer_dirty(ibh);
        nilfs_mdt_mark_dirty(NILFS_I(inode)->i_root->ifile);
        brelse(ibh);
        return 0;
}

/**
 * nilfs_dirty_inode - reflect changes on given inode to an inode block.
 * @inode: inode of the file to be registered.
 * @flags: flags to determine the dirty state of the inode
 *
 * nilfs_dirty_inode() loads a inode block containing the specified
 * @inode and copies data from a nilfs_inode to a corresponding inode
 * entry in the inode block. This operation is excluded from the segment
 * construction. This function can be called both as a single operation
 * and as a part of indivisible file operations.
 */
void nilfs_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, int flags)
{
        struct nilfs_transaction_info ti;
        struct nilfs_mdt_info *mdi = NILFS_MDT(inode);

        if (is_bad_inode(inode)) {
                nilfs_warn(inode->i_sb,
                           "tried to mark bad_inode dirty. ignored.");
                dump_stack();
                return;
        }
        if (mdi) {
                nilfs_mdt_mark_dirty(inode);
                return;
        }
        nilfs_transaction_begin(inode->i_sb, &ti, 0);
        __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(inode, flags);
        nilfs_transaction_commit(inode->i_sb); /* never fails */
}

int nilfs_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
                 __u64 start, __u64 len)
{
        struct the_nilfs *nilfs = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
        __u64 logical = 0, phys = 0, size = 0;
        __u32 flags = 0;
        loff_t isize;
        sector_t blkoff, end_blkoff;
        sector_t delalloc_blkoff;
        unsigned long delalloc_blklen;
        unsigned int blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
        int ret, n;

        ret = fiemap_prep(inode, fieinfo, start, &len, 0);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        inode_lock(inode);

        isize = i_size_read(inode);

        blkoff = start >> blkbits;
        end_blkoff = (start + len - 1) >> blkbits;

        delalloc_blklen = nilfs_find_uncommitted_extent(inode, blkoff,
                                                        &delalloc_blkoff);

        do {
                __u64 blkphy;
                unsigned int maxblocks;

                if (delalloc_blklen && blkoff == delalloc_blkoff) {
                        if (size) {
                                /* End of the current extent */
                                ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(
                                        fieinfo, logical, phys, size, flags);
                                if (ret)
                                        break;
                        }
                        if (blkoff > end_blkoff)
                                break;

                        flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED | FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC;
                        logical = blkoff << blkbits;
                        phys = 0;
                        size = delalloc_blklen << blkbits;

                        blkoff = delalloc_blkoff + delalloc_blklen;
                        delalloc_blklen = nilfs_find_uncommitted_extent(
                                inode, blkoff, &delalloc_blkoff);
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * Limit the number of blocks that we look up so as
                 * not to get into the next delayed allocation extent.
                 */
                maxblocks = INT_MAX;
                if (delalloc_blklen)
                        maxblocks = min_t(sector_t, delalloc_blkoff - blkoff,
                                          maxblocks);
                blkphy = 0;

                down_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);
                n = nilfs_bmap_lookup_contig(
                        NILFS_I(inode)->i_bmap, blkoff, &blkphy, maxblocks);
                up_read(&NILFS_MDT(nilfs->ns_dat)->mi_sem);

                if (n < 0) {
                        int past_eof;

                        if (unlikely(n != -ENOENT))
                                break; /* error */

                        /* HOLE */
                        blkoff++;
                        past_eof = ((blkoff << blkbits) >= isize);

                        if (size) {
                                /* End of the current extent */

                                if (past_eof)
                                        flags |= FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST;

                                ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(
                                        fieinfo, logical, phys, size, flags);
                                if (ret)
                                        break;
                                size = 0;
                        }
                        if (blkoff > end_blkoff || past_eof)
                                break;
                } else {
                        if (size) {
                                if (phys && blkphy << blkbits == phys + size) {
                                        /* The current extent goes on */
                                        size += (u64)n << blkbits;
                                } else {
                                        /* Terminate the current extent */
                                        ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(
                                                fieinfo, logical, phys, size,
                                                flags);
                                        if (ret || blkoff > end_blkoff)
                                                break;

                                        /* Start another extent */
                                        flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED;
                                        logical = blkoff << blkbits;
                                        phys = blkphy << blkbits;
                                        size = (u64)n << blkbits;
                                }
                        } else {
                                /* Start a new extent */
                                flags = FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED;
                                logical = blkoff << blkbits;
                                phys = blkphy << blkbits;
                                size = (u64)n << blkbits;
                        }
                        blkoff += n;
                }
                cond_resched();
        } while (true);

        /* If ret is 1 then we just hit the end of the extent array */
        if (ret == 1)
                ret = 0;

        inode_unlock(inode);
        return ret;
}