root/fs/ubifs/super.c 
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * This file is part of UBIFS.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Nokia Corporation.
 *
 * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
 *          Adrian Hunter
 */

/*
 * This file implements UBIFS initialization and VFS superblock operations. Some
 * initialization stuff which is rather large and complex is placed at
 * corresponding subsystems, but most of it is here.
 */

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/fs_context.h>
#include <linux/fs_parser.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/math64.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include "ubifs.h"

static int ubifs_default_version_set(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
{
        int n = 0, ret;

        ret = kstrtoint(val, 10, &n);
        if (ret != 0 || n < 4 || n > UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION)
                return -EINVAL;
        return param_set_int(val, kp);
}

static const struct kernel_param_ops ubifs_default_version_ops = {
        .set = ubifs_default_version_set,
        .get = param_get_int,
};

int ubifs_default_version = UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION;
module_param_cb(default_version, &ubifs_default_version_ops, &ubifs_default_version, 0600);

/*
 * Maximum amount of memory we may 'kmalloc()' without worrying that we are
 * allocating too much.
 */
#define UBIFS_KMALLOC_OK (128*1024)

/* Slab cache for UBIFS inodes */
static struct kmem_cache *ubifs_inode_slab;

/* UBIFS TNC shrinker description */
static struct shrinker *ubifs_shrinker_info;

/**
 * validate_inode - validate inode.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 * @inode: the inode to validate
 *
 * This is a helper function for 'ubifs_iget()' which validates various fields
 * of a newly built inode to make sure they contain sane values and prevent
 * possible vulnerabilities. Returns zero if the inode is all right and
 * a non-zero error code if not.
 */
static int validate_inode(struct ubifs_info *c, const struct inode *inode)
{
        int err;
        const struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);

        if (inode->i_size > c->max_inode_sz) {
                ubifs_err(c, "inode is too large (%lld)",
                          (long long)inode->i_size);
                return 1;
        }

        if (ui->compr_type >= UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT) {
                ubifs_err(c, "unknown compression type %d", ui->compr_type);
                return 2;
        }

        if (ui->xattr_names + ui->xattr_cnt > XATTR_LIST_MAX)
                return 3;

        if (ui->data_len < 0 || ui->data_len > UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA)
                return 4;

        if (ui->xattr && !S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
                return 5;

        if (!ubifs_compr_present(c, ui->compr_type)) {
                ubifs_warn(c, "inode %lu uses '%s' compression, but it was not compiled in",
                           inode->i_ino, ubifs_compr_name(c, ui->compr_type));
        }

        err = dbg_check_dir(c, inode);
        return err;
}

struct inode *ubifs_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long inum)
{
        int err;
        union ubifs_key key;
        struct ubifs_ino_node *ino;
        struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;
        struct inode *inode;
        struct ubifs_inode *ui;

        dbg_gen("inode %lu", inum);

        inode = iget_locked(sb, inum);
        if (!inode)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
        if (!(inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_NEW))
                return inode;
        ui = ubifs_inode(inode);

        ino = kmalloc(UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ, GFP_NOFS);
        if (!ino) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        ino_key_init(c, &key, inode->i_ino);

        err = ubifs_tnc_lookup(c, &key, ino);
        if (err)
                goto out_ino;

        inode->i_flags |= S_NOCMTIME;

        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UBIFS_ATIME_SUPPORT))
                inode->i_flags |= S_NOATIME;

        set_nlink(inode, le32_to_cpu(ino->nlink));
        i_uid_write(inode, le32_to_cpu(ino->uid));
        i_gid_write(inode, le32_to_cpu(ino->gid));
        inode_set_atime(inode, (int64_t)le64_to_cpu(ino->atime_sec),
                        le32_to_cpu(ino->atime_nsec));
        inode_set_mtime(inode, (int64_t)le64_to_cpu(ino->mtime_sec),
                        le32_to_cpu(ino->mtime_nsec));
        inode_set_ctime(inode, (int64_t)le64_to_cpu(ino->ctime_sec),
                        le32_to_cpu(ino->ctime_nsec));
        inode->i_mode = le32_to_cpu(ino->mode);
        inode->i_size = le64_to_cpu(ino->size);

        ui->data_len    = le32_to_cpu(ino->data_len);
        ui->flags       = le32_to_cpu(ino->flags);
        ui->compr_type  = le16_to_cpu(ino->compr_type);
        ui->creat_sqnum = le64_to_cpu(ino->creat_sqnum);
        ui->xattr_cnt   = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_cnt);
        ui->xattr_size  = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_size);
        ui->xattr_names = le32_to_cpu(ino->xattr_names);
        ui->synced_i_size = ui->ui_size = inode->i_size;

        ui->xattr = (ui->flags & UBIFS_XATTR_FL) ? 1 : 0;

        err = validate_inode(c, inode);
        if (err)
                goto out_invalid;

        switch (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) {
        case S_IFREG:
                inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &ubifs_file_address_operations;
                inode->i_op = &ubifs_file_inode_operations;
                inode->i_fop = &ubifs_file_operations;
                if (ui->xattr) {
                        ui->data = kmalloc(ui->data_len + 1, GFP_NOFS);
                        if (!ui->data) {
                                err = -ENOMEM;
                                goto out_ino;
                        }
                        memcpy(ui->data, ino->data, ui->data_len);
                        ((char *)ui->data)[ui->data_len] = '\0';
                } else if (ui->data_len != 0) {
                        err = 10;
                        goto out_invalid;
                }
                break;
        case S_IFDIR:
                inode->i_op  = &ubifs_dir_inode_operations;
                inode->i_fop = &ubifs_dir_operations;
                if (ui->data_len != 0) {
                        err = 11;
                        goto out_invalid;
                }
                break;
        case S_IFLNK:
                inode->i_op = &ubifs_symlink_inode_operations;
                if (ui->data_len <= 0 || ui->data_len > UBIFS_MAX_INO_DATA) {
                        err = 12;
                        goto out_invalid;
                }
                ui->data = kmalloc(ui->data_len + 1, GFP_NOFS);
                if (!ui->data) {
                        err = -ENOMEM;
                        goto out_ino;
                }
                memcpy(ui->data, ino->data, ui->data_len);
                ((char *)ui->data)[ui->data_len] = '\0';
                break;
        case S_IFBLK:
        case S_IFCHR:
        {
                dev_t rdev;
                union ubifs_dev_desc *dev;

                ui->data = kmalloc_obj(union ubifs_dev_desc, GFP_NOFS);
                if (!ui->data) {
                        err = -ENOMEM;
                        goto out_ino;
                }

                dev = (union ubifs_dev_desc *)ino->data;
                if (ui->data_len == sizeof(dev->new))
                        rdev = new_decode_dev(le32_to_cpu(dev->new));
                else if (ui->data_len == sizeof(dev->huge))
                        rdev = huge_decode_dev(le64_to_cpu(dev->huge));
                else {
                        err = 13;
                        goto out_invalid;
                }
                memcpy(ui->data, ino->data, ui->data_len);
                inode->i_op = &ubifs_file_inode_operations;
                init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, rdev);
                break;
        }
        case S_IFSOCK:
        case S_IFIFO:
                inode->i_op = &ubifs_file_inode_operations;
                init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, 0);
                if (ui->data_len != 0) {
                        err = 14;
                        goto out_invalid;
                }
                break;
        default:
                err = 15;
                goto out_invalid;
        }

        kfree(ino);
        ubifs_set_inode_flags(inode);
        unlock_new_inode(inode);
        return inode;

out_invalid:
        ubifs_err(c, "inode %lu validation failed, error %d", inode->i_ino, err);
        ubifs_dump_node(c, ino, UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ);
        ubifs_dump_inode(c, inode);
        err = -EINVAL;
out_ino:
        kfree(ino);
out:
        ubifs_err(c, "failed to read inode %lu, error %d", inode->i_ino, err);
        iget_failed(inode);
        return ERR_PTR(err);
}

static struct inode *ubifs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
{
        struct ubifs_inode *ui;

        ui = alloc_inode_sb(sb, ubifs_inode_slab, GFP_NOFS);
        if (!ui)
                return NULL;

        memset((void *)ui + sizeof(struct inode), 0,
               sizeof(struct ubifs_inode) - sizeof(struct inode));
        mutex_init(&ui->ui_mutex);
        init_rwsem(&ui->xattr_sem);
        spin_lock_init(&ui->ui_lock);
        return &ui->vfs_inode;
};

static void ubifs_free_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);

        kfree(ui->data);
        fscrypt_free_inode(inode);

        kmem_cache_free(ubifs_inode_slab, ui);
}

/*
 * Note, Linux write-back code calls this without 'i_mutex'.
 */
static int ubifs_write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
{
        int err = 0;
        struct ubifs_info *c = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
        struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);

        ubifs_assert(c, !ui->xattr);
        if (is_bad_inode(inode))
                return 0;

        mutex_lock(&ui->ui_mutex);
        /*
         * Due to races between write-back forced by budgeting
         * (see 'sync_some_inodes()') and background write-back, the inode may
         * have already been synchronized, do not do this again. This might
         * also happen if it was synchronized in an VFS operation, e.g.
         * 'ubifs_link()'.
         */
        if (!ui->dirty) {
                mutex_unlock(&ui->ui_mutex);
                return 0;
        }

        /*
         * As an optimization, do not write orphan inodes to the media just
         * because this is not needed.
         */
        dbg_gen("inode %lu, mode %#x, nlink %u",
                inode->i_ino, (int)inode->i_mode, inode->i_nlink);
        if (inode->i_nlink) {
                err = ubifs_jnl_write_inode(c, inode);
                if (err)
                        ubifs_err(c, "can't write inode %lu, error %d",
                                  inode->i_ino, err);
                else
                        err = dbg_check_inode_size(c, inode, ui->ui_size);
        }

        ui->dirty = 0;
        mutex_unlock(&ui->ui_mutex);
        ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget(c, ui);
        return err;
}

static int ubifs_drop_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        int drop = inode_generic_drop(inode);

        if (!drop)
                drop = fscrypt_drop_inode(inode);

        return drop;
}

static void ubifs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
{
        int err;
        struct ubifs_info *c = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
        struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);

        if (ui->xattr)
                /*
                 * Extended attribute inode deletions are fully handled in
                 * 'ubifs_removexattr()'. These inodes are special and have
                 * limited usage, so there is nothing to do here.
                 */
                goto out;

        dbg_gen("inode %lu, mode %#x", inode->i_ino, (int)inode->i_mode);
        ubifs_assert(c, !icount_read(inode));

        truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);

        if (inode->i_nlink)
                goto done;

        if (is_bad_inode(inode))
                goto out;

        ui->ui_size = inode->i_size = 0;
        err = ubifs_jnl_delete_inode(c, inode);
        if (err)
                /*
                 * Worst case we have a lost orphan inode wasting space, so a
                 * simple error message is OK here.
                 */
                ubifs_err(c, "can't delete inode %lu, error %d",
                          inode->i_ino, err);

out:
        if (ui->dirty)
                ubifs_release_dirty_inode_budget(c, ui);
        else {
                /* We've deleted something - clean the "no space" flags */
                c->bi.nospace = c->bi.nospace_rp = 0;
                smp_wmb();
        }
done:
        clear_inode(inode);
        fscrypt_put_encryption_info(inode);
}

static void ubifs_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, int flags)
{
        struct ubifs_info *c = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
        struct ubifs_inode *ui = ubifs_inode(inode);

        ubifs_assert(c, mutex_is_locked(&ui->ui_mutex));
        if (!ui->dirty) {
                ui->dirty = 1;
                dbg_gen("inode %lu",  inode->i_ino);
        }
}

static int ubifs_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf)
{
        struct ubifs_info *c = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
        unsigned long long free;
        __le32 *uuid = (__le32 *)c->uuid;

        free = ubifs_get_free_space(c);
        dbg_gen("free space %lld bytes (%lld blocks)",
                free, free >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT);

        buf->f_type = UBIFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
        buf->f_bsize = UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
        buf->f_blocks = c->block_cnt;
        buf->f_bfree = free >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
        if (free > c->report_rp_size)
                buf->f_bavail = (free - c->report_rp_size) >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
        else
                buf->f_bavail = 0;
        buf->f_files = 0;
        buf->f_ffree = 0;
        buf->f_namelen = UBIFS_MAX_NLEN;
        buf->f_fsid.val[0] = le32_to_cpu(uuid[0]) ^ le32_to_cpu(uuid[2]);
        buf->f_fsid.val[1] = le32_to_cpu(uuid[1]) ^ le32_to_cpu(uuid[3]);
        ubifs_assert(c, buf->f_bfree <= c->block_cnt);
        return 0;
}

static int ubifs_show_options(struct seq_file *s, struct dentry *root)
{
        struct ubifs_info *c = root->d_sb->s_fs_info;

        if (c->mount_opts.unmount_mode == 2)
                seq_puts(s, ",fast_unmount");
        else if (c->mount_opts.unmount_mode == 1)
                seq_puts(s, ",norm_unmount");

        if (c->mount_opts.bulk_read == 2)
                seq_puts(s, ",bulk_read");
        else if (c->mount_opts.bulk_read == 1)
                seq_puts(s, ",no_bulk_read");

        if (c->mount_opts.chk_data_crc == 2)
                seq_puts(s, ",chk_data_crc");
        else if (c->mount_opts.chk_data_crc == 1)
                seq_puts(s, ",no_chk_data_crc");

        if (c->mount_opts.override_compr) {
                seq_printf(s, ",compr=%s",
                           ubifs_compr_name(c, c->mount_opts.compr_type));
        }

        seq_printf(s, ",assert=%s", ubifs_assert_action_name(c));
        seq_printf(s, ",ubi=%d,vol=%d", c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id);

        return 0;
}

static int ubifs_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int wait)
{
        int i, err;
        struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;

        /*
         * Zero @wait is just an advisory thing to help the file system shove
         * lots of data into the queues, and there will be the second
         * '->sync_fs()' call, with non-zero @wait.
         */
        if (!wait)
                return 0;

        /*
         * Synchronize write buffers, because 'ubifs_run_commit()' does not
         * do this if it waits for an already running commit.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
                err = ubifs_wbuf_sync(&c->jheads[i].wbuf);
                if (err)
                        return err;
        }

        /*
         * Strictly speaking, it is not necessary to commit the journal here,
         * synchronizing write-buffers would be enough. But committing makes
         * UBIFS free space predictions much more accurate, so we want to let
         * the user be able to get more accurate results of 'statfs()' after
         * they synchronize the file system.
         */
        err = ubifs_run_commit(c);
        if (err)
                return err;

        return ubi_sync(c->vi.ubi_num);
}

/**
 * init_constants_early - initialize UBIFS constants.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * This function initialize UBIFS constants which do not need the superblock to
 * be read. It also checks that the UBI volume satisfies basic UBIFS
 * requirements. Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
 * case of failure.
 */
static int init_constants_early(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        if (c->vi.corrupted) {
                ubifs_warn(c, "UBI volume is corrupted - read-only mode");
                c->ro_media = 1;
        }

        if (c->di.ro_mode) {
                ubifs_msg(c, "read-only UBI device");
                c->ro_media = 1;
        }

        if (c->vi.vol_type == UBI_STATIC_VOLUME) {
                ubifs_msg(c, "static UBI volume - read-only mode");
                c->ro_media = 1;
        }

        c->leb_cnt = c->vi.size;
        c->leb_size = c->vi.usable_leb_size;
        c->leb_start = c->di.leb_start;
        c->half_leb_size = c->leb_size / 2;
        c->min_io_size = c->di.min_io_size;
        c->min_io_shift = fls(c->min_io_size) - 1;
        c->max_write_size = c->di.max_write_size;
        c->max_write_shift = fls(c->max_write_size) - 1;

        if (c->leb_size < UBIFS_MIN_LEB_SZ) {
                ubifs_errc(c, "too small LEBs (%d bytes), min. is %d bytes",
                           c->leb_size, UBIFS_MIN_LEB_SZ);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (c->leb_cnt < UBIFS_MIN_LEB_CNT) {
                ubifs_errc(c, "too few LEBs (%d), min. is %d",
                           c->leb_cnt, UBIFS_MIN_LEB_CNT);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (!is_power_of_2(c->min_io_size)) {
                ubifs_errc(c, "bad min. I/O size %d", c->min_io_size);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /*
         * Maximum write size has to be greater or equivalent to min. I/O
         * size, and be multiple of min. I/O size.
         */
        if (c->max_write_size < c->min_io_size ||
            c->max_write_size % c->min_io_size ||
            !is_power_of_2(c->max_write_size)) {
                ubifs_errc(c, "bad write buffer size %d for %d min. I/O unit",
                           c->max_write_size, c->min_io_size);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /*
         * UBIFS aligns all node to 8-byte boundary, so to make function in
         * io.c simpler, assume minimum I/O unit size to be 8 bytes if it is
         * less than 8.
         */
        if (c->min_io_size < 8) {
                c->min_io_size = 8;
                c->min_io_shift = 3;
                if (c->max_write_size < c->min_io_size) {
                        c->max_write_size = c->min_io_size;
                        c->max_write_shift = c->min_io_shift;
                }
        }

        c->ref_node_alsz = ALIGN(UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size);
        c->mst_node_alsz = ALIGN(UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size);

        /*
         * Initialize node length ranges which are mostly needed for node
         * length validation.
         */
        c->ranges[UBIFS_PAD_NODE].len  = UBIFS_PAD_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_SB_NODE].len   = UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_MST_NODE].len  = UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_REF_NODE].len  = UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_TRUN_NODE].len = UBIFS_TRUN_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_CS_NODE].len   = UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_AUTH_NODE].min_len = UBIFS_AUTH_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_AUTH_NODE].max_len = UBIFS_AUTH_NODE_SZ +
                                UBIFS_MAX_HMAC_LEN;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_SIG_NODE].min_len = UBIFS_SIG_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_SIG_NODE].max_len = c->leb_size - UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ;

        c->ranges[UBIFS_INO_NODE].min_len  = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_INO_NODE].max_len  = UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_ORPH_NODE].min_len =
                                UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ + sizeof(__le64);
        c->ranges[UBIFS_ORPH_NODE].max_len = c->leb_size;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_DENT_NODE].min_len = UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_DENT_NODE].max_len = UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_XENT_NODE].min_len = UBIFS_XENT_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_XENT_NODE].max_len = UBIFS_MAX_XENT_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_DATA_NODE].min_len = UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ;
        c->ranges[UBIFS_DATA_NODE].max_len = UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ;
        /*
         * Minimum indexing node size is amended later when superblock is
         * read and the key length is known.
         */
        c->ranges[UBIFS_IDX_NODE].min_len = UBIFS_IDX_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_BRANCH_SZ;
        /*
         * Maximum indexing node size is amended later when superblock is
         * read and the fanout is known.
         */
        c->ranges[UBIFS_IDX_NODE].max_len = INT_MAX;

        /*
         * Initialize dead and dark LEB space watermarks. See gc.c for comments
         * about these values.
         */
        c->dead_wm = ALIGN(MIN_WRITE_SZ, c->min_io_size);
        c->dark_wm = ALIGN(UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ, c->min_io_size);

        /*
         * Calculate how many bytes would be wasted at the end of LEB if it was
         * fully filled with data nodes of maximum size. This is used in
         * calculations when reporting free space.
         */
        c->leb_overhead = c->leb_size % UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ;

        /* Buffer size for bulk-reads */
        c->max_bu_buf_len = UBIFS_MAX_BULK_READ * UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ;
        if (c->max_bu_buf_len > c->leb_size)
                c->max_bu_buf_len = c->leb_size;

        /* Log is ready, preserve one LEB for commits. */
        c->min_log_bytes = c->leb_size;

        return 0;
}

/**
 * bud_wbuf_callback - bud LEB write-buffer synchronization call-back.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 * @lnum: LEB the write-buffer was synchronized to
 * @free: how many free bytes left in this LEB
 * @pad: how many bytes were padded
 *
 * This is a callback function which is called by the I/O unit when the
 * write-buffer is synchronized. We need this to correctly maintain space
 * accounting in bud logical eraseblocks. This function returns zero in case of
 * success and a negative error code in case of failure.
 *
 * This function actually belongs to the journal, but we keep it here because
 * we want to keep it static.
 */
static int bud_wbuf_callback(struct ubifs_info *c, int lnum, int free, int pad)
{
        return ubifs_update_one_lp(c, lnum, free, pad, 0, 0);
}

/*
 * init_constants_sb - initialize UBIFS constants.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * This is a helper function which initializes various UBIFS constants after
 * the superblock has been read. It also checks various UBIFS parameters and
 * makes sure they are all right. Returns zero in case of success and a
 * negative error code in case of failure.
 */
static int init_constants_sb(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        int tmp, err;
        long long tmp64;

        c->main_bytes = (long long)c->main_lebs * c->leb_size;
        c->max_znode_sz = sizeof(struct ubifs_znode) +
                                c->fanout * sizeof(struct ubifs_zbranch);

        tmp = ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, 1);
        c->ranges[UBIFS_IDX_NODE].min_len = tmp;
        c->min_idx_node_sz = ALIGN(tmp, 8);

        tmp = ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, c->fanout);
        c->ranges[UBIFS_IDX_NODE].max_len = tmp;
        c->max_idx_node_sz = ALIGN(tmp, 8);

        /* Make sure LEB size is large enough to fit full commit */
        tmp = UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ + UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ * c->jhead_cnt;
        tmp = ALIGN(tmp, c->min_io_size);
        if (tmp > c->leb_size) {
                ubifs_err(c, "too small LEB size %d, at least %d needed",
                          c->leb_size, tmp);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /*
         * Make sure that the log is large enough to fit reference nodes for
         * all buds plus one reserved LEB.
         */
        tmp64 = c->max_bud_bytes + c->leb_size - 1;
        c->max_bud_cnt = div_u64(tmp64, c->leb_size);
        tmp = (c->ref_node_alsz * c->max_bud_cnt + c->leb_size - 1);
        tmp /= c->leb_size;
        tmp += 1;
        if (c->log_lebs < tmp) {
                ubifs_err(c, "too small log %d LEBs, required min. %d LEBs",
                          c->log_lebs, tmp);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /*
         * When budgeting we assume worst-case scenarios when the pages are not
         * be compressed and direntries are of the maximum size.
         *
         * Note, data, which may be stored in inodes is budgeted separately, so
         * it is not included into 'c->bi.inode_budget'.
         */
        c->bi.page_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ * UBIFS_BLOCKS_PER_PAGE;
        c->bi.inode_budget = UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ;
        c->bi.dent_budget = UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ;

        /*
         * When the amount of flash space used by buds becomes
         * 'c->max_bud_bytes', UBIFS just blocks all writers and starts commit.
         * The writers are unblocked when the commit is finished. To avoid
         * writers to be blocked UBIFS initiates background commit in advance,
         * when number of bud bytes becomes above the limit defined below.
         */
        c->bg_bud_bytes = (c->max_bud_bytes * 13) >> 4;

        /*
         * Ensure minimum journal size. All the bytes in the journal heads are
         * considered to be used, when calculating the current journal usage.
         * Consequently, if the journal is too small, UBIFS will treat it as
         * always full.
         */
        tmp64 = (long long)(c->jhead_cnt + 1) * c->leb_size + 1;
        if (c->bg_bud_bytes < tmp64)
                c->bg_bud_bytes = tmp64;
        if (c->max_bud_bytes < tmp64 + c->leb_size)
                c->max_bud_bytes = tmp64 + c->leb_size;

        err = ubifs_calc_lpt_geom(c);
        if (err)
                return err;

        /* Initialize effective LEB size used in budgeting calculations */
        c->idx_leb_size = c->leb_size - c->max_idx_node_sz;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * init_constants_master - initialize UBIFS constants.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * This is a helper function which initializes various UBIFS constants after
 * the master node has been read. It also checks various UBIFS parameters and
 * makes sure they are all right.
 */
static void init_constants_master(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        long long tmp64;

        c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);
        c->report_rp_size = ubifs_reported_space(c, c->rp_size);

        /*
         * Calculate total amount of FS blocks. This number is not used
         * internally because it does not make much sense for UBIFS, but it is
         * necessary to report something for the 'statfs()' call.
         *
         * Subtract the LEB reserved for GC, the LEB which is reserved for
         * deletions, minimum LEBs for the index, the LEBs which are reserved
         * for each journal head.
         */
        tmp64 = c->main_lebs - 1 - 1 - MIN_INDEX_LEBS - c->jhead_cnt;
        tmp64 *= (long long)c->leb_size - c->leb_overhead;
        tmp64 = ubifs_reported_space(c, tmp64);
        c->block_cnt = tmp64 >> UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
}

/**
 * take_gc_lnum - reserve GC LEB.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * This function ensures that the LEB reserved for garbage collection is marked
 * as "taken" in lprops. We also have to set free space to LEB size and dirty
 * space to zero, because lprops may contain out-of-date information if the
 * file-system was un-mounted before it has been committed. This function
 * returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
 * failure.
 */
static int take_gc_lnum(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        int err;

        if (c->gc_lnum == -1) {
                ubifs_err(c, "no LEB for GC");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /* And we have to tell lprops that this LEB is taken */
        err = ubifs_change_one_lp(c, c->gc_lnum, c->leb_size, 0,
                                  LPROPS_TAKEN, 0, 0);
        return err;
}

/**
 * alloc_wbufs - allocate write-buffers.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * This helper function allocates and initializes UBIFS write-buffers. Returns
 * zero in case of success and %-ENOMEM in case of failure.
 */
static int alloc_wbufs(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        int i, err;

        c->jheads = kzalloc_objs(struct ubifs_jhead, c->jhead_cnt);
        if (!c->jheads)
                return -ENOMEM;

        /* Initialize journal heads */
        for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->jheads[i].buds_list);
                err = ubifs_wbuf_init(c, &c->jheads[i].wbuf);
                if (err)
                        goto out_wbuf;

                c->jheads[i].wbuf.sync_callback = &bud_wbuf_callback;
                c->jheads[i].wbuf.jhead = i;
                c->jheads[i].grouped = 1;
                c->jheads[i].log_hash = ubifs_hash_get_desc(c);
                if (IS_ERR(c->jheads[i].log_hash)) {
                        err = PTR_ERR(c->jheads[i].log_hash);
                        goto out_log_hash;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Garbage Collector head does not need to be synchronized by timer.
         * Also GC head nodes are not grouped.
         */
        c->jheads[GCHD].wbuf.no_timer = 1;
        c->jheads[GCHD].grouped = 0;

        return 0;

out_log_hash:
        kfree(c->jheads[i].wbuf.buf);
        kfree(c->jheads[i].wbuf.inodes);

out_wbuf:
        while (i--) {
                kfree(c->jheads[i].wbuf.buf);
                kfree(c->jheads[i].wbuf.inodes);
                kfree(c->jheads[i].log_hash);
        }
        kfree(c->jheads);
        c->jheads = NULL;

        return err;
}

/**
 * free_wbufs - free write-buffers.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 */
static void free_wbufs(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        int i;

        if (c->jheads) {
                for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
                        kfree(c->jheads[i].wbuf.buf);
                        kfree(c->jheads[i].wbuf.inodes);
                        kfree(c->jheads[i].log_hash);
                }
                kfree(c->jheads);
                c->jheads = NULL;
        }
}

/**
 * free_orphans - free orphans.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 */
static void free_orphans(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        struct ubifs_orphan *orph;

        while (c->orph_dnext) {
                orph = c->orph_dnext;
                c->orph_dnext = orph->dnext;
                list_del(&orph->list);
                kfree(orph);
        }

        while (!list_empty(&c->orph_list)) {
                orph = list_entry(c->orph_list.next, struct ubifs_orphan, list);
                list_del(&orph->list);
                kfree(orph);
                ubifs_err(c, "orphan list not empty at unmount");
        }

        vfree(c->orph_buf);
        c->orph_buf = NULL;
}

/**
 * free_buds - free per-bud objects.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 */
static void free_buds(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        struct ubifs_bud *bud, *n;

        rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(bud, n, &c->buds, rb) {
                kfree(bud->log_hash);
                kfree(bud);
        }
}

/**
 * check_volume_empty - check if the UBI volume is empty.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * This function checks if the UBIFS volume is empty by looking if its LEBs are
 * mapped or not. The result of checking is stored in the @c->empty variable.
 * Returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
 * failure.
 */
static int check_volume_empty(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        int lnum, err;

        c->empty = 1;
        for (lnum = 0; lnum < c->leb_cnt; lnum++) {
                err = ubifs_is_mapped(c, lnum);
                if (unlikely(err < 0))
                        return err;
                if (err == 1) {
                        c->empty = 0;
                        break;
                }

                cond_resched();
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * UBIFS mount options.
 *
 * Opt_fast_unmount: do not run a journal commit before un-mounting
 * Opt_norm_unmount: run a journal commit before un-mounting
 * Opt_bulk_read: enable bulk-reads
 * Opt_no_bulk_read: disable bulk-reads
 * Opt_chk_data_crc: check CRCs when reading data nodes
 * Opt_no_chk_data_crc: do not check CRCs when reading data nodes
 * Opt_override_compr: override default compressor
 * Opt_assert: set ubifs_assert() action
 * Opt_auth_key: The key name used for authentication
 * Opt_auth_hash_name: The hash type used for authentication
 * Opt_err: just end of array marker
 */
enum {
        Opt_fast_unmount,
        Opt_norm_unmount,
        Opt_bulk_read,
        Opt_no_bulk_read,
        Opt_chk_data_crc,
        Opt_no_chk_data_crc,
        Opt_override_compr,
        Opt_assert,
        Opt_auth_key,
        Opt_auth_hash_name,
        Opt_ignore,
};

static const struct constant_table ubifs_param_compr[] = {
        { "none",       UBIFS_COMPR_NONE },
        { "lzo",        UBIFS_COMPR_LZO },
        { "zlib",       UBIFS_COMPR_ZLIB },
        { "zstd",       UBIFS_COMPR_ZSTD },
        {}
};

static const struct constant_table ubifs_param_assert[] = {
        { "report",     ASSACT_REPORT },
        { "read-only",  ASSACT_RO },
        { "panic",      ASSACT_PANIC },
        {}
};

static const struct fs_parameter_spec ubifs_fs_param_spec[] = {
        fsparam_flag    ("fast_unmount",        Opt_fast_unmount),
        fsparam_flag    ("norm_unmount",        Opt_norm_unmount),
        fsparam_flag    ("bulk_read",           Opt_bulk_read),
        fsparam_flag    ("no_bulk_read",        Opt_no_bulk_read),
        fsparam_flag    ("chk_data_crc",        Opt_chk_data_crc),
        fsparam_flag    ("no_chk_data_crc",     Opt_no_chk_data_crc),
        fsparam_enum    ("compr",               Opt_override_compr, ubifs_param_compr),
        fsparam_enum    ("assert",              Opt_assert, ubifs_param_assert),
        fsparam_string  ("auth_key",            Opt_auth_key),
        fsparam_string  ("auth_hash_name",      Opt_auth_hash_name),
        fsparam_string  ("ubi",                 Opt_ignore),
        fsparam_string  ("vol",                 Opt_ignore),
        {}
};

struct ubifs_fs_context {
        struct ubifs_mount_opts mount_opts;
        char *auth_key_name;
        char *auth_hash_name;
        unsigned int no_chk_data_crc:1;
        unsigned int bulk_read:1;
        unsigned int default_compr:2;
        unsigned int assert_action:2;
};

/**
 * ubifs_parse_param - parse a parameter.
 * @fc: the filesystem context
 * @param: the parameter to parse
 *
 * This function parses UBIFS mount options and returns zero in case success
 * and a negative error code in case of failure.
 */
static int ubifs_parse_param(struct fs_context *fc, struct fs_parameter *param)
{
        struct ubifs_fs_context *ctx = fc->fs_private;
        struct fs_parse_result result;
        bool is_remount = (fc->purpose & FS_CONTEXT_FOR_RECONFIGURE);
        int opt;

        opt = fs_parse(fc, ubifs_fs_param_spec, param, &result);
        if (opt < 0)
                return opt;

        switch (opt) {
                /*
                 * %Opt_fast_unmount and %Opt_norm_unmount options are ignored.
                 * We accept them in order to be backward-compatible. But this
                 * should be removed at some point.
                 */
        case Opt_fast_unmount:
                ctx->mount_opts.unmount_mode = 2;
                break;
        case Opt_norm_unmount:
                ctx->mount_opts.unmount_mode = 1;
                break;
        case Opt_bulk_read:
                ctx->mount_opts.bulk_read = 2;
                ctx->bulk_read = 1;
                break;
        case Opt_no_bulk_read:
                ctx->mount_opts.bulk_read = 1;
                ctx->bulk_read = 0;
                break;
        case Opt_chk_data_crc:
                ctx->mount_opts.chk_data_crc = 2;
                ctx->no_chk_data_crc = 0;
                break;
        case Opt_no_chk_data_crc:
                ctx->mount_opts.chk_data_crc = 1;
                ctx->no_chk_data_crc = 1;
                break;
        case Opt_override_compr:
                ctx->mount_opts.compr_type = result.uint_32;
                ctx->mount_opts.override_compr = 1;
                ctx->default_compr = ctx->mount_opts.compr_type;
                break;
        case Opt_assert:
                ctx->assert_action = result.uint_32;
                break;
        case Opt_auth_key:
                if (!is_remount) {
                        kfree(ctx->auth_key_name);
                        ctx->auth_key_name = param->string;
                        param->string = NULL;
                }
                break;
        case Opt_auth_hash_name:
                if (!is_remount) {
                        kfree(ctx->auth_hash_name);
                        ctx->auth_hash_name = param->string;
                        param->string = NULL;
                }
                break;
        case Opt_ignore:
                break;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * ubifs_release_options - release mount parameters which have been dumped.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 */
static void ubifs_release_options(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        kfree(c->auth_key_name);
        c->auth_key_name = NULL;
        kfree(c->auth_hash_name);
        c->auth_hash_name = NULL;
}

/**
 * destroy_journal - destroy journal data structures.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * This function destroys journal data structures including those that may have
 * been created by recovery functions.
 */
static void destroy_journal(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        while (!list_empty(&c->unclean_leb_list)) {
                struct ubifs_unclean_leb *ucleb;

                ucleb = list_entry(c->unclean_leb_list.next,
                                   struct ubifs_unclean_leb, list);
                list_del(&ucleb->list);
                kfree(ucleb);
        }
        while (!list_empty(&c->old_buds)) {
                struct ubifs_bud *bud;

                bud = list_entry(c->old_buds.next, struct ubifs_bud, list);
                list_del(&bud->list);
                kfree(bud->log_hash);
                kfree(bud);
        }
        ubifs_destroy_idx_gc(c);
        ubifs_destroy_size_tree(c);
        ubifs_tnc_close(c);
        free_buds(c);
}

/**
 * bu_init - initialize bulk-read information.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 */
static void bu_init(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        ubifs_assert(c, c->bulk_read == 1);

        if (c->bu.buf)
                return; /* Already initialized */

again:
        c->bu.buf = kmalloc(c->max_bu_buf_len, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
        if (!c->bu.buf) {
                if (c->max_bu_buf_len > UBIFS_KMALLOC_OK) {
                        c->max_bu_buf_len = UBIFS_KMALLOC_OK;
                        goto again;
                }

                /* Just disable bulk-read */
                ubifs_warn(c, "cannot allocate %d bytes of memory for bulk-read, disabling it",
                           c->max_bu_buf_len);
                c->mount_opts.bulk_read = 1;
                c->bulk_read = 0;
                return;
        }
}

/**
 * check_free_space - check if there is enough free space to mount.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * This function makes sure UBIFS has enough free space to be mounted in
 * read/write mode. UBIFS must always have some free space to allow deletions.
 */
static int check_free_space(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        ubifs_assert(c, c->dark_wm > 0);
        if (c->lst.total_free + c->lst.total_dirty < c->dark_wm) {
                ubifs_err(c, "insufficient free space to mount in R/W mode");
                ubifs_dump_budg(c, &c->bi);
                ubifs_dump_lprops(c);
                return -ENOSPC;
        }
        return 0;
}

/**
 * mount_ubifs - mount UBIFS file-system.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * This function mounts UBIFS file system. Returns zero in case of success and
 * a negative error code in case of failure.
 */
static int mount_ubifs(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        int err;
        long long x, y;
        size_t sz;

        c->ro_mount = !!sb_rdonly(c->vfs_sb);
        /* Suppress error messages while probing if SB_SILENT is set */
        c->probing = !!(c->vfs_sb->s_flags & SB_SILENT);

        err = init_constants_early(c);
        if (err)
                return err;

        err = ubifs_debugging_init(c);
        if (err)
                return err;

        err = ubifs_sysfs_register(c);
        if (err)
                goto out_debugging;

        err = check_volume_empty(c);
        if (err)
                goto out_free;

        if (c->empty && (c->ro_mount || c->ro_media)) {
                /*
                 * This UBI volume is empty, and read-only, or the file system
                 * is mounted read-only - we cannot format it.
                 */
                ubifs_err(c, "can't format empty UBI volume: read-only %s",
                          c->ro_media ? "UBI volume" : "mount");
                err = -EROFS;
                goto out_free;
        }

        if (c->ro_media && !c->ro_mount) {
                ubifs_err(c, "cannot mount read-write - read-only media");
                err = -EROFS;
                goto out_free;
        }

        /*
         * The requirement for the buffer is that it should fit indexing B-tree
         * height amount of integers. We assume the height if the TNC tree will
         * never exceed 64.
         */
        err = -ENOMEM;
        c->bottom_up_buf = kmalloc_objs(int, BOTTOM_UP_HEIGHT);
        if (!c->bottom_up_buf)
                goto out_free;

        c->sbuf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
        if (!c->sbuf)
                goto out_free;

        if (!c->ro_mount) {
                c->ileb_buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
                if (!c->ileb_buf)
                        goto out_free;
        }

        if (c->bulk_read == 1)
                bu_init(c);

        if (!c->ro_mount) {
                c->write_reserve_buf = kmalloc(COMPRESSED_DATA_NODE_BUF_SZ + \
                                               UBIFS_CIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE,
                                               GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!c->write_reserve_buf)
                        goto out_free;
        }

        c->mounting = 1;

        if (c->auth_key_name) {
                if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UBIFS_FS_AUTHENTICATION)) {
                        err = ubifs_init_authentication(c);
                        if (err)
                                goto out_free;
                } else {
                        ubifs_err(c, "auth_key_name, but UBIFS is built without"
                                  " authentication support");
                        err = -EINVAL;
                        goto out_free;
                }
        }

        err = ubifs_read_superblock(c);
        if (err)
                goto out_auth;

        c->probing = 0;

        /*
         * Make sure the compressor which is set as default in the superblock
         * or overridden by mount options is actually compiled in.
         */
        if (!ubifs_compr_present(c, c->default_compr)) {
                ubifs_err(c, "'compressor \"%s\" is not compiled in",
                          ubifs_compr_name(c, c->default_compr));
                err = -ENOTSUPP;
                goto out_auth;
        }

        err = init_constants_sb(c);
        if (err)
                goto out_auth;

        sz = ALIGN(c->max_idx_node_sz, c->min_io_size) * 2;
        c->cbuf = kmalloc(sz, GFP_NOFS);
        if (!c->cbuf) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto out_auth;
        }

        err = alloc_wbufs(c);
        if (err)
                goto out_cbuf;

        sprintf(c->bgt_name, BGT_NAME_PATTERN, c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id);
        if (!c->ro_mount) {
                /* Create background thread */
                c->bgt = kthread_run(ubifs_bg_thread, c, "%s", c->bgt_name);
                if (IS_ERR(c->bgt)) {
                        err = PTR_ERR(c->bgt);
                        c->bgt = NULL;
                        ubifs_err(c, "cannot spawn \"%s\", error %d",
                                  c->bgt_name, err);
                        goto out_wbufs;
                }
        }

        err = ubifs_read_master(c);
        if (err)
                goto out_master;

        init_constants_master(c);

        if ((c->mst_node->flags & cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY)) != 0) {
                ubifs_msg(c, "recovery needed");
                c->need_recovery = 1;
        }

        if (c->need_recovery && !c->ro_mount) {
                err = ubifs_recover_inl_heads(c, c->sbuf);
                if (err)
                        goto out_master;
        }

        err = ubifs_lpt_init(c, 1, !c->ro_mount);
        if (err)
                goto out_master;

        if (!c->ro_mount && c->space_fixup) {
                err = ubifs_fixup_free_space(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out_lpt;
        }

        if (!c->ro_mount && !c->need_recovery) {
                /*
                 * Set the "dirty" flag so that if we reboot uncleanly we
                 * will notice this immediately on the next mount.
                 */
                c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
                err = ubifs_write_master(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out_lpt;
        }

        /*
         * Handle offline signed images: Now that the master node is
         * written and its validation no longer depends on the hash
         * in the superblock, we can update the offline signed
         * superblock with a HMAC version,
         */
        if (ubifs_authenticated(c) && ubifs_hmac_zero(c, c->sup_node->hmac)) {
                err = ubifs_hmac_wkm(c, c->sup_node->hmac_wkm);
                if (err)
                        goto out_lpt;
                c->superblock_need_write = 1;
        }

        if (!c->ro_mount && c->superblock_need_write) {
                err = ubifs_write_sb_node(c, c->sup_node);
                if (err)
                        goto out_lpt;
                c->superblock_need_write = 0;
        }

        err = dbg_check_idx_size(c, c->bi.old_idx_sz);
        if (err)
                goto out_lpt;

        err = ubifs_replay_journal(c);
        if (err)
                goto out_journal;

        /* Calculate 'min_idx_lebs' after journal replay */
        c->bi.min_idx_lebs = ubifs_calc_min_idx_lebs(c);

        err = ubifs_mount_orphans(c, c->need_recovery, c->ro_mount);
        if (err)
                goto out_orphans;

        if (!c->ro_mount) {
                int lnum;

                err = check_free_space(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out_orphans;

                /* Check for enough log space */
                lnum = c->lhead_lnum + 1;
                if (lnum >= UBIFS_LOG_LNUM + c->log_lebs)
                        lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
                if (lnum == c->ltail_lnum) {
                        err = ubifs_consolidate_log(c);
                        if (err)
                                goto out_orphans;
                }

                if (c->need_recovery) {
                        if (!ubifs_authenticated(c)) {
                                err = ubifs_recover_size(c, true);
                                if (err)
                                        goto out_orphans;
                        }

                        err = ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit(c);
                        if (err)
                                goto out_orphans;

                        if (ubifs_authenticated(c)) {
                                err = ubifs_recover_size(c, false);
                                if (err)
                                        goto out_orphans;
                        }
                } else {
                        err = take_gc_lnum(c);
                        if (err)
                                goto out_orphans;

                        /*
                         * GC LEB may contain garbage if there was an unclean
                         * reboot, and it should be un-mapped.
                         */
                        err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->gc_lnum);
                        if (err)
                                goto out_orphans;
                }

                err = dbg_check_lprops(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out_orphans;
        } else if (c->need_recovery) {
                err = ubifs_recover_size(c, false);
                if (err)
                        goto out_orphans;
        } else {
                /*
                 * Even if we mount read-only, we have to set space in GC LEB
                 * to proper value because this affects UBIFS free space
                 * reporting. We do not want to have a situation when
                 * re-mounting from R/O to R/W changes amount of free space.
                 */
                err = take_gc_lnum(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out_orphans;
        }

        spin_lock(&ubifs_infos_lock);
        list_add_tail(&c->infos_list, &ubifs_infos);
        spin_unlock(&ubifs_infos_lock);

        if (c->need_recovery) {
                if (c->ro_mount)
                        ubifs_msg(c, "recovery deferred");
                else {
                        c->need_recovery = 0;
                        ubifs_msg(c, "recovery completed");
                        /*
                         * GC LEB has to be empty and taken at this point. But
                         * the journal head LEBs may also be accounted as
                         * "empty taken" if they are empty.
                         */
                        ubifs_assert(c, c->lst.taken_empty_lebs > 0);
                }
        } else
                ubifs_assert(c, c->lst.taken_empty_lebs > 0);

        err = dbg_check_filesystem(c);
        if (err)
                goto out_infos;

        dbg_debugfs_init_fs(c);

        c->mounting = 0;

        ubifs_msg(c, "UBIFS: mounted UBI device %d, volume %d, name \"%s\"%s",
                  c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, c->vi.name,
                  c->ro_mount ? ", R/O mode" : "");
        x = (long long)c->main_lebs * c->leb_size;
        y = (long long)c->log_lebs * c->leb_size + c->max_bud_bytes;
        ubifs_msg(c, "LEB size: %d bytes (%d KiB), min./max. I/O unit sizes: %d bytes/%d bytes",
                  c->leb_size, c->leb_size >> 10, c->min_io_size,
                  c->max_write_size);
        ubifs_msg(c, "FS size: %lld bytes (%lld MiB, %d LEBs), max %d LEBs, journal size %lld bytes (%lld MiB, %d LEBs)",
                  x, x >> 20, c->main_lebs, c->max_leb_cnt,
                  y, y >> 20, c->log_lebs + c->max_bud_cnt);
        ubifs_msg(c, "reserved for root: %llu bytes (%llu KiB)",
                  c->report_rp_size, c->report_rp_size >> 10);
        ubifs_msg(c, "media format: w%d/r%d (latest is w%d/r%d), UUID %pUB%s",
                  c->fmt_version, c->ro_compat_version,
                  UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION, UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION, c->uuid,
                  c->big_lpt ? ", big LPT model" : ", small LPT model");

        dbg_gen("default compressor:  %s", ubifs_compr_name(c, c->default_compr));
        dbg_gen("data journal heads:  %d",
                c->jhead_cnt - NONDATA_JHEADS_CNT);
        dbg_gen("log LEBs:            %d (%d - %d)",
                c->log_lebs, UBIFS_LOG_LNUM, c->log_last);
        dbg_gen("LPT area LEBs:       %d (%d - %d)",
                c->lpt_lebs, c->lpt_first, c->lpt_last);
        dbg_gen("orphan area LEBs:    %d (%d - %d)",
                c->orph_lebs, c->orph_first, c->orph_last);
        dbg_gen("main area LEBs:      %d (%d - %d)",
                c->main_lebs, c->main_first, c->leb_cnt - 1);
        dbg_gen("index LEBs:          %d", c->lst.idx_lebs);
        dbg_gen("total index bytes:   %llu (%llu KiB, %llu MiB)",
                c->bi.old_idx_sz, c->bi.old_idx_sz >> 10,
                c->bi.old_idx_sz >> 20);
        dbg_gen("key hash type:       %d", c->key_hash_type);
        dbg_gen("tree fanout:         %d", c->fanout);
        dbg_gen("reserved GC LEB:     %d", c->gc_lnum);
        dbg_gen("max. znode size      %d", c->max_znode_sz);
        dbg_gen("max. index node size %d", c->max_idx_node_sz);
        dbg_gen("node sizes:          data %zu, inode %zu, dentry %zu",
                UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ);
        dbg_gen("node sizes:          trun %zu, sb %zu, master %zu",
                UBIFS_TRUN_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ);
        dbg_gen("node sizes:          ref %zu, cmt. start %zu, orph %zu",
                UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ);
        dbg_gen("max. node sizes:     data %zu, inode %zu dentry %zu, idx %d",
                UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ, UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ,
                UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ, ubifs_idx_node_sz(c, c->fanout));
        dbg_gen("dead watermark:      %d", c->dead_wm);
        dbg_gen("dark watermark:      %d", c->dark_wm);
        dbg_gen("LEB overhead:        %d", c->leb_overhead);
        x = (long long)c->main_lebs * c->dark_wm;
        dbg_gen("max. dark space:     %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
                x, x >> 10, x >> 20);
        dbg_gen("maximum bud bytes:   %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
                c->max_bud_bytes, c->max_bud_bytes >> 10,
                c->max_bud_bytes >> 20);
        dbg_gen("BG commit bud bytes: %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
                c->bg_bud_bytes, c->bg_bud_bytes >> 10,
                c->bg_bud_bytes >> 20);
        dbg_gen("current bud bytes    %lld (%lld KiB, %lld MiB)",
                c->bud_bytes, c->bud_bytes >> 10, c->bud_bytes >> 20);
        dbg_gen("max. seq. number:    %llu", c->max_sqnum);
        dbg_gen("commit number:       %llu", c->cmt_no);
        dbg_gen("max. xattrs per inode: %d", ubifs_xattr_max_cnt(c));
        dbg_gen("max orphans:           %d", c->max_orphans);

        return 0;

out_infos:
        spin_lock(&ubifs_infos_lock);
        list_del(&c->infos_list);
        spin_unlock(&ubifs_infos_lock);
out_orphans:
        free_orphans(c);
out_journal:
        destroy_journal(c);
out_lpt:
        ubifs_lpt_free(c, 0);
out_master:
        kfree(c->mst_node);
        kfree(c->rcvrd_mst_node);
        if (c->bgt)
                kthread_stop(c->bgt);
out_wbufs:
        free_wbufs(c);
out_cbuf:
        kfree(c->cbuf);
out_auth:
        ubifs_exit_authentication(c);
out_free:
        kfree(c->write_reserve_buf);
        kfree(c->bu.buf);
        vfree(c->ileb_buf);
        vfree(c->sbuf);
        kfree(c->bottom_up_buf);
        kfree(c->sup_node);
        ubifs_sysfs_unregister(c);
out_debugging:
        ubifs_debugging_exit(c);
        return err;
}

/**
 * ubifs_umount - un-mount UBIFS file-system.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * Note, this function is called to free allocated resourced when un-mounting,
 * as well as free resources when an error occurred while we were half way
 * through mounting (error path cleanup function). So it has to make sure the
 * resource was actually allocated before freeing it.
 */
static void ubifs_umount(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        dbg_gen("un-mounting UBI device %d, volume %d", c->vi.ubi_num,
                c->vi.vol_id);

        dbg_debugfs_exit_fs(c);
        spin_lock(&ubifs_infos_lock);
        list_del(&c->infos_list);
        spin_unlock(&ubifs_infos_lock);

        if (c->bgt)
                kthread_stop(c->bgt);

        destroy_journal(c);
        free_wbufs(c);
        free_orphans(c);
        ubifs_lpt_free(c, 0);
        ubifs_exit_authentication(c);

        ubifs_release_options(c);
        kfree(c->cbuf);
        kfree(c->rcvrd_mst_node);
        kfree(c->mst_node);
        kfree(c->write_reserve_buf);
        kfree(c->bu.buf);
        vfree(c->ileb_buf);
        vfree(c->sbuf);
        kfree(c->bottom_up_buf);
        kfree(c->sup_node);
        ubifs_debugging_exit(c);
        ubifs_sysfs_unregister(c);
}

/**
 * ubifs_remount_rw - re-mount in read-write mode.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * UBIFS avoids allocating many unnecessary resources when mounted in read-only
 * mode. This function allocates the needed resources and re-mounts UBIFS in
 * read-write mode.
 */
static int ubifs_remount_rw(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        int err, lnum;

        if (c->rw_incompat) {
                ubifs_err(c, "the file-system is not R/W-compatible");
                ubifs_msg(c, "on-flash format version is w%d/r%d, but software only supports up to version w%d/r%d",
                          c->fmt_version, c->ro_compat_version,
                          UBIFS_FORMAT_VERSION, UBIFS_RO_COMPAT_VERSION);
                return -EROFS;
        }

        mutex_lock(&c->umount_mutex);
        dbg_save_space_info(c);
        c->remounting_rw = 1;
        c->ro_mount = 0;

        if (c->space_fixup) {
                err = ubifs_fixup_free_space(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
        }

        err = check_free_space(c);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        if (c->need_recovery) {
                ubifs_msg(c, "completing deferred recovery");
                err = ubifs_write_rcvrd_mst_node(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
                if (!ubifs_authenticated(c)) {
                        err = ubifs_recover_size(c, true);
                        if (err)
                                goto out;
                }
                err = ubifs_clean_lebs(c, c->sbuf);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
                err = ubifs_recover_inl_heads(c, c->sbuf);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
        } else {
                /* A readonly mount is not allowed to have orphans */
                ubifs_assert(c, c->tot_orphans == 0);
                err = ubifs_clear_orphans(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
        }

        if (!(c->mst_node->flags & cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY))) {
                c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
                err = ubifs_write_master(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
        }

        if (c->superblock_need_write) {
                struct ubifs_sb_node *sup = c->sup_node;

                err = ubifs_write_sb_node(c, sup);
                if (err)
                        goto out;

                c->superblock_need_write = 0;
        }

        c->ileb_buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
        if (!c->ileb_buf) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        c->write_reserve_buf = kmalloc(COMPRESSED_DATA_NODE_BUF_SZ + \
                                       UBIFS_CIPHER_BLOCK_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!c->write_reserve_buf) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        err = ubifs_lpt_init(c, 0, 1);
        if (err)
                goto out;

        /* Create background thread */
        c->bgt = kthread_run(ubifs_bg_thread, c, "%s", c->bgt_name);
        if (IS_ERR(c->bgt)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(c->bgt);
                c->bgt = NULL;
                ubifs_err(c, "cannot spawn \"%s\", error %d",
                          c->bgt_name, err);
                goto out;
        }

        c->orph_buf = vmalloc(c->leb_size);
        if (!c->orph_buf) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto out;
        }

        /* Check for enough log space */
        lnum = c->lhead_lnum + 1;
        if (lnum >= UBIFS_LOG_LNUM + c->log_lebs)
                lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;
        if (lnum == c->ltail_lnum) {
                err = ubifs_consolidate_log(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out;
        }

        if (c->need_recovery) {
                err = ubifs_rcvry_gc_commit(c);
                if (err)
                        goto out;

                if (ubifs_authenticated(c)) {
                        err = ubifs_recover_size(c, false);
                        if (err)
                                goto out;
                }
        } else {
                err = ubifs_leb_unmap(c, c->gc_lnum);
        }
        if (err)
                goto out;

        dbg_gen("re-mounted read-write");
        c->remounting_rw = 0;

        if (c->need_recovery) {
                c->need_recovery = 0;
                ubifs_msg(c, "deferred recovery completed");
        } else {
                /*
                 * Do not run the debugging space check if the were doing
                 * recovery, because when we saved the information we had the
                 * file-system in a state where the TNC and lprops has been
                 * modified in memory, but all the I/O operations (including a
                 * commit) were deferred. So the file-system was in
                 * "non-committed" state. Now the file-system is in committed
                 * state, and of course the amount of free space will change
                 * because, for example, the old index size was imprecise.
                 */
                err = dbg_check_space_info(c);
        }

        mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
        return err;

out:
        c->ro_mount = 1;
        vfree(c->orph_buf);
        c->orph_buf = NULL;
        if (c->bgt) {
                kthread_stop(c->bgt);
                c->bgt = NULL;
        }
        kfree(c->write_reserve_buf);
        c->write_reserve_buf = NULL;
        vfree(c->ileb_buf);
        c->ileb_buf = NULL;
        ubifs_lpt_free(c, 1);
        c->remounting_rw = 0;
        mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
        return err;
}

/**
 * ubifs_remount_ro - re-mount in read-only mode.
 * @c: UBIFS file-system description object
 *
 * We assume VFS has stopped writing. Possibly the background thread could be
 * running a commit, however kthread_stop will wait in that case.
 */
static void ubifs_remount_ro(struct ubifs_info *c)
{
        int i, err;

        ubifs_assert(c, !c->need_recovery);
        ubifs_assert(c, !c->ro_mount);

        mutex_lock(&c->umount_mutex);
        if (c->bgt) {
                kthread_stop(c->bgt);
                c->bgt = NULL;
        }

        dbg_save_space_info(c);

        for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
                err = ubifs_wbuf_sync(&c->jheads[i].wbuf);
                if (err)
                        ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
        }

        c->mst_node->flags &= ~cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
        c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS);
        c->mst_node->gc_lnum = cpu_to_le32(c->gc_lnum);
        err = ubifs_write_master(c);
        if (err)
                ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);

        vfree(c->orph_buf);
        c->orph_buf = NULL;
        kfree(c->write_reserve_buf);
        c->write_reserve_buf = NULL;
        vfree(c->ileb_buf);
        c->ileb_buf = NULL;
        ubifs_lpt_free(c, 1);
        c->ro_mount = 1;
        err = dbg_check_space_info(c);
        if (err)
                ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
        mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
}

static void ubifs_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
{
        int i;
        struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;

        ubifs_msg(c, "un-mount UBI device %d", c->vi.ubi_num);

        /*
         * The following asserts are only valid if there has not been a failure
         * of the media. For example, there will be dirty inodes if we failed
         * to write them back because of I/O errors.
         */
        if (!c->ro_error) {
                ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.idx_growth == 0);
                ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.dd_growth == 0);
                ubifs_assert(c, c->bi.data_growth == 0);
        }

        /*
         * The 'c->umount_lock' prevents races between UBIFS memory shrinker
         * and file system un-mount. Namely, it prevents the shrinker from
         * picking this superblock for shrinking - it will be just skipped if
         * the mutex is locked.
         */
        mutex_lock(&c->umount_mutex);
        if (!c->ro_mount) {
                /*
                 * First of all kill the background thread to make sure it does
                 * not interfere with un-mounting and freeing resources.
                 */
                if (c->bgt) {
                        kthread_stop(c->bgt);
                        c->bgt = NULL;
                }

                /*
                 * On fatal errors c->ro_error is set to 1, in which case we do
                 * not write the master node.
                 */
                if (!c->ro_error) {
                        int err;

                        /* Synchronize write-buffers */
                        for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++) {
                                err = ubifs_wbuf_sync(&c->jheads[i].wbuf);
                                if (err)
                                        ubifs_ro_mode(c, err);
                        }

                        /*
                         * We are being cleanly unmounted which means the
                         * orphans were killed - indicate this in the master
                         * node. Also save the reserved GC LEB number.
                         */
                        c->mst_node->flags &= ~cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_DIRTY);
                        c->mst_node->flags |= cpu_to_le32(UBIFS_MST_NO_ORPHS);
                        c->mst_node->gc_lnum = cpu_to_le32(c->gc_lnum);
                        err = ubifs_write_master(c);
                        if (err)
                                /*
                                 * Recovery will attempt to fix the master area
                                 * next mount, so we just print a message and
                                 * continue to unmount normally.
                                 */
                                ubifs_err(c, "failed to write master node, error %d",
                                          err);
                } else {
                        for (i = 0; i < c->jhead_cnt; i++)
                                /* Make sure write-buffer timers are canceled */
                                hrtimer_cancel(&c->jheads[i].wbuf.timer);
                }
        }

        ubifs_umount(c);
        ubi_close_volume(c->ubi);
        mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
}

static int ubifs_reconfigure(struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct ubifs_fs_context *ctx = fc->fs_private;
        struct super_block *sb = fc->root->d_sb;
        int err;
        struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;

        sync_filesystem(sb);
        dbg_gen("old flags %#lx, new flags %#x", sb->s_flags, fc->sb_flags);

        /*
         * Apply the mount option changes.
         * auth_key_name and auth_hash_name are ignored on remount.
         */
        c->mount_opts           = ctx->mount_opts;
        c->bulk_read            = ctx->bulk_read;
        c->no_chk_data_crc      = ctx->no_chk_data_crc;
        c->default_compr        = ctx->default_compr;
        c->assert_action        = ctx->assert_action;

        if (c->ro_mount && !(fc->sb_flags & SB_RDONLY)) {
                if (c->ro_error) {
                        ubifs_msg(c, "cannot re-mount R/W due to prior errors");
                        return -EROFS;
                }
                if (c->ro_media) {
                        ubifs_msg(c, "cannot re-mount R/W - UBI volume is R/O");
                        return -EROFS;
                }
                err = ubifs_remount_rw(c);
                if (err)
                        return err;
        } else if (!c->ro_mount && (fc->sb_flags & SB_RDONLY)) {
                if (c->ro_error) {
                        ubifs_msg(c, "cannot re-mount R/O due to prior errors");
                        return -EROFS;
                }
                ubifs_remount_ro(c);
        }

        if (c->bulk_read == 1)
                bu_init(c);
        else {
                dbg_gen("disable bulk-read");
                mutex_lock(&c->bu_mutex);
                kfree(c->bu.buf);
                c->bu.buf = NULL;
                mutex_unlock(&c->bu_mutex);
        }

        if (!c->need_recovery)
                ubifs_assert(c, c->lst.taken_empty_lebs > 0);

        return 0;
}

const struct super_operations ubifs_super_operations = {
        .alloc_inode   = ubifs_alloc_inode,
        .free_inode    = ubifs_free_inode,
        .put_super     = ubifs_put_super,
        .write_inode   = ubifs_write_inode,
        .drop_inode    = ubifs_drop_inode,
        .evict_inode   = ubifs_evict_inode,
        .statfs        = ubifs_statfs,
        .dirty_inode   = ubifs_dirty_inode,
        .show_options  = ubifs_show_options,
        .sync_fs       = ubifs_sync_fs,
};

/**
 * open_ubi - parse UBI device name string and open the UBI device.
 * @fc: The filesystem context
 * @mode: UBI volume open mode
 *
 * The primary method of mounting UBIFS is by specifying the UBI volume
 * character device node path. However, UBIFS may also be mounted without any
 * character device node using one of the following methods:
 *
 * o ubiX_Y    - mount UBI device number X, volume Y;
 * o ubiY      - mount UBI device number 0, volume Y;
 * o ubiX:NAME - mount UBI device X, volume with name NAME;
 * o ubi:NAME  - mount UBI device 0, volume with name NAME.
 *
 * Alternative '!' separator may be used instead of ':' (because some shells
 * like busybox may interpret ':' as an NFS host name separator). This function
 * returns UBI volume description object in case of success and a negative
 * error code in case of failure.
 */
static struct ubi_volume_desc *open_ubi(struct fs_context *fc, int mode)
{
        struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi;
        const char *name = fc->source;
        int dev, vol;
        char *endptr;

        /* First, try to open using the device node path method */
        ubi = ubi_open_volume_path(name, mode);
        if (!IS_ERR(ubi))
                return ubi;

        /* Try the "nodev" method */
        if (name[0] != 'u' || name[1] != 'b' || name[2] != 'i')
                goto invalid_source;

        /* ubi:NAME method */
        if ((name[3] == ':' || name[3] == '!') && name[4] != '\0')
                return ubi_open_volume_nm(0, name + 4, mode);

        if (!isdigit(name[3]))
                goto invalid_source;

        dev = simple_strtoul(name + 3, &endptr, 0);

        /* ubiY method */
        if (*endptr == '\0')
                return ubi_open_volume(0, dev, mode);

        /* ubiX_Y method */
        if (*endptr == '_' && isdigit(endptr[1])) {
                vol = simple_strtoul(endptr + 1, &endptr, 0);
                if (*endptr != '\0')
                        goto invalid_source;
                return ubi_open_volume(dev, vol, mode);
        }

        /* ubiX:NAME method */
        if ((*endptr == ':' || *endptr == '!') && endptr[1] != '\0')
                return ubi_open_volume_nm(dev, ++endptr, mode);

invalid_source:
        return ERR_PTR(invalf(fc, "Invalid source name"));
}

static struct ubifs_info *alloc_ubifs_info(struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi)
{
        struct ubifs_info *c;

        c = kzalloc_obj(struct ubifs_info);
        if (c) {
                spin_lock_init(&c->cnt_lock);
                spin_lock_init(&c->cs_lock);
                spin_lock_init(&c->buds_lock);
                spin_lock_init(&c->space_lock);
                spin_lock_init(&c->orphan_lock);
                init_rwsem(&c->commit_sem);
                mutex_init(&c->lp_mutex);
                mutex_init(&c->tnc_mutex);
                mutex_init(&c->log_mutex);
                mutex_init(&c->umount_mutex);
                mutex_init(&c->bu_mutex);
                mutex_init(&c->write_reserve_mutex);
                init_waitqueue_head(&c->cmt_wq);
                init_waitqueue_head(&c->reserve_space_wq);
                atomic_set(&c->need_wait_space, 0);
                c->buds = RB_ROOT;
                c->old_idx = RB_ROOT;
                c->size_tree = RB_ROOT;
                c->orph_tree = RB_ROOT;
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->infos_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->idx_gc);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->replay_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->replay_buds);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->uncat_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->empty_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->freeable_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->frdi_idx_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->unclean_leb_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->old_buds);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->orph_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->orph_new);
                c->no_chk_data_crc = 1;
                c->assert_action = ASSACT_RO;

                c->highest_inum = UBIFS_FIRST_INO;
                c->lhead_lnum = c->ltail_lnum = UBIFS_LOG_LNUM;

                ubi_get_volume_info(ubi, &c->vi);
                ubi_get_device_info(c->vi.ubi_num, &c->di);
        }
        return c;
}

static int ubifs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;
        struct ubifs_fs_context *ctx = fc->fs_private;
        struct inode *root;
        int err;

        c->vfs_sb = sb;
        /* Re-open the UBI device in read-write mode */
        c->ubi = ubi_open_volume(c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id, UBI_READWRITE);
        if (IS_ERR(c->ubi)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(c->ubi);
                goto out;
        }

        /* Copy in parsed mount options */
        c->mount_opts           = ctx->mount_opts;
        c->auth_key_name        = ctx->auth_key_name;
        c->auth_hash_name       = ctx->auth_hash_name;
        c->no_chk_data_crc      = ctx->no_chk_data_crc;
        c->bulk_read            = ctx->bulk_read;
        c->default_compr        = ctx->default_compr;
        c->assert_action        = ctx->assert_action;

        /* ubifs_info owns auth strings now */
        ctx->auth_key_name = NULL;
        ctx->auth_hash_name = NULL;

        /*
         * UBIFS provides 'backing_dev_info' in order to disable read-ahead. For
         * UBIFS, I/O is not deferred, it is done immediately in read_folio,
         * which means the user would have to wait not just for their own I/O
         * but the read-ahead I/O as well i.e. completely pointless.
         *
         * Read-ahead will be disabled because @sb->s_bdi->ra_pages is 0. Also
         * @sb->s_bdi->capabilities are initialized to 0 so there won't be any
         * writeback happening.
         */
        err = super_setup_bdi_name(sb, "ubifs_%d_%d", c->vi.ubi_num,
                                   c->vi.vol_id);
        if (err)
                goto out_close;
        sb->s_bdi->ra_pages = 0;
        sb->s_bdi->io_pages = 0;

        sb->s_fs_info = c;
        sb->s_magic = UBIFS_SUPER_MAGIC;
        sb->s_blocksize = UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
        sb->s_blocksize_bits = UBIFS_BLOCK_SHIFT;
        sb->s_maxbytes = c->max_inode_sz = key_max_inode_size(c);
        if (c->max_inode_sz > MAX_LFS_FILESIZE)
                sb->s_maxbytes = c->max_inode_sz = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
        sb->s_op = &ubifs_super_operations;
        sb->s_xattr = ubifs_xattr_handlers;
        fscrypt_set_ops(sb, &ubifs_crypt_operations);

        mutex_lock(&c->umount_mutex);
        err = mount_ubifs(c);
        if (err) {
                ubifs_assert(c, err < 0);
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        /* Read the root inode */
        root = ubifs_iget(sb, UBIFS_ROOT_INO);
        if (IS_ERR(root)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(root);
                goto out_umount;
        }

        generic_set_sb_d_ops(sb);
        sb->s_root = d_make_root(root);
        if (!sb->s_root) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto out_umount;
        }

        super_set_uuid(sb, c->uuid, sizeof(c->uuid));
        super_set_sysfs_name_generic(sb, UBIFS_DFS_DIR_NAME,
                                     c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id);

        mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
        return 0;

out_umount:
        ubifs_umount(c);
out_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&c->umount_mutex);
out_close:
        ubifs_release_options(c);
        ubi_close_volume(c->ubi);
out:
        return err;
}

static int sb_test(struct super_block *sb, struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct ubifs_info *c1 = fc->s_fs_info;
        struct ubifs_info *c = sb->s_fs_info;

        return c->vi.cdev == c1->vi.cdev;
}

static int ubifs_get_tree(struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct ubi_volume_desc *ubi;
        struct ubifs_info *c;
        struct super_block *sb;
        int err;

        if (!fc->source || !*fc->source)
                return invalf(fc, "No source specified");

        dbg_gen("name %s, flags %#x", fc->source, fc->sb_flags);

        /*
         * Get UBI device number and volume ID. Mount it read-only so far
         * because this might be a new mount point, and UBI allows only one
         * read-write user at a time.
         */
        ubi = open_ubi(fc, UBI_READONLY);
        if (IS_ERR(ubi)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(ubi);
                if (!(fc->sb_flags & SB_SILENT))
                        pr_err("UBIFS error (pid: %d): cannot open \"%s\", error %d",
                               current->pid, fc->source, err);
                return err;
        }

        c = alloc_ubifs_info(ubi);
        if (!c) {
                err = -ENOMEM;
                goto out_close;
        }
        fc->s_fs_info = c;

        dbg_gen("opened ubi%d_%d", c->vi.ubi_num, c->vi.vol_id);

        sb = sget_fc(fc, sb_test, set_anon_super_fc);
        if (IS_ERR(sb)) {
                err = PTR_ERR(sb);
                kfree(c);
                goto out_close;
        }

        if (sb->s_root) {
                struct ubifs_info *c1 = sb->s_fs_info;
                kfree(c);
                /* A new mount point for already mounted UBIFS */
                dbg_gen("this ubi volume is already mounted");
                if (!!(fc->sb_flags & SB_RDONLY) != c1->ro_mount) {
                        err = -EBUSY;
                        goto out_deact;
                }
        } else {
                err = ubifs_fill_super(sb, fc);
                if (err)
                        goto out_deact;
                /* We do not support atime */
                sb->s_flags |= SB_ACTIVE;
                if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UBIFS_ATIME_SUPPORT))
                        ubifs_msg(c, "full atime support is enabled.");
                else
                        sb->s_flags |= SB_NOATIME;
        }

        /* 'fill_super()' opens ubi again so we must close it here */
        ubi_close_volume(ubi);

        fc->root = dget(sb->s_root);
        return 0;

out_deact:
        deactivate_locked_super(sb);
out_close:
        ubi_close_volume(ubi);
        return err;
}

static void kill_ubifs_super(struct super_block *s)
{
        struct ubifs_info *c = s->s_fs_info;
        kill_anon_super(s);
        kfree(c);
}

static void ubifs_free_fc(struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct ubifs_fs_context *ctx = fc->fs_private;

        if (ctx) {
                kfree(ctx->auth_key_name);
                kfree(ctx->auth_hash_name);
                kfree(ctx);
        }
}

static const struct fs_context_operations ubifs_context_ops = {
        .free           = ubifs_free_fc,
        .parse_param    = ubifs_parse_param,
        .get_tree       = ubifs_get_tree,
        .reconfigure    = ubifs_reconfigure,
};

static int ubifs_init_fs_context(struct fs_context *fc)
{
        struct ubifs_fs_context *ctx;

        ctx = kzalloc_obj(struct ubifs_fs_context);
        if (!ctx)
                return -ENOMEM;

        if (fc->purpose != FS_CONTEXT_FOR_RECONFIGURE) {
                /* Iniitialize for first mount */
                ctx->no_chk_data_crc = 1;
                ctx->assert_action = ASSACT_RO;
        } else {
                struct ubifs_info *c = fc->root->d_sb->s_fs_info;

                /*
                 * Preserve existing options across remounts.
                 * auth_key_name and auth_hash_name are not remountable.
                 */
                ctx->mount_opts         = c->mount_opts;
                ctx->bulk_read          = c->bulk_read;
                ctx->no_chk_data_crc    = c->no_chk_data_crc;
                ctx->default_compr      = c->default_compr;
                ctx->assert_action      = c->assert_action;
        }

        fc->ops = &ubifs_context_ops;
        fc->fs_private = ctx;

        return 0;
}

static struct file_system_type ubifs_fs_type = {
        .name    = "ubifs",
        .owner   = THIS_MODULE,
        .init_fs_context = ubifs_init_fs_context,
        .parameters     = ubifs_fs_param_spec,
        .kill_sb = kill_ubifs_super,
};
MODULE_ALIAS_FS("ubifs");

/*
 * Inode slab cache constructor.
 */
static void inode_slab_ctor(void *obj)
{
        struct ubifs_inode *ui = obj;
        inode_init_once(&ui->vfs_inode);
}

static int __init ubifs_init(void)
{
        int err = -ENOMEM;

        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct ubifs_ch) != 24);

        /* Make sure node sizes are 8-byte aligned */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_CH_SZ        & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ  & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_XENT_NODE_SZ & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_DATA_NODE_SZ & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_TRUN_NODE_SZ & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ   & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ  & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ  & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_CS_NODE_SZ   & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_ORPH_NODE_SZ & 7);

        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_XENT_NODE_SZ & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ  & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ      & 7);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(MIN_WRITE_SZ           & 7);

        /* Check min. node size */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ  < MIN_WRITE_SZ);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_DENT_NODE_SZ < MIN_WRITE_SZ);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_XENT_NODE_SZ < MIN_WRITE_SZ);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_TRUN_NODE_SZ < MIN_WRITE_SZ);

        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_DENT_NODE_SZ > UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_XENT_NODE_SZ > UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_DATA_NODE_SZ > UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MAX_INO_NODE_SZ  > UBIFS_MAX_NODE_SZ);

        /* Defined node sizes */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_SB_NODE_SZ  != 4096);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_MST_NODE_SZ != 512);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_INO_NODE_SZ != 160);
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_REF_NODE_SZ != 64);

        /*
         * We use 2 bit wide bit-fields to store compression type, which should
         * be amended if more compressors are added. The bit-fields are:
         * @compr_type in 'struct ubifs_inode', @default_compr in
         * 'struct ubifs_info' and @compr_type in 'struct ubifs_mount_opts'.
         */
        BUILD_BUG_ON(UBIFS_COMPR_TYPES_CNT > 4);

        /*
         * We require that PAGE_SIZE is greater-than-or-equal-to
         * UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE. It is assumed that both are powers of 2.
         */
        if (PAGE_SIZE < UBIFS_BLOCK_SIZE) {
                pr_err("UBIFS error (pid %d): VFS page cache size is %u bytes, but UBIFS requires at least 4096 bytes",
                       current->pid, (unsigned int)PAGE_SIZE);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        ubifs_inode_slab = kmem_cache_create("ubifs_inode_slab",
                                sizeof(struct ubifs_inode), 0,
                                SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT | SLAB_ACCOUNT,
                                &inode_slab_ctor);
        if (!ubifs_inode_slab)
                return -ENOMEM;

        ubifs_shrinker_info = shrinker_alloc(0, "ubifs-slab");
        if (!ubifs_shrinker_info)
                goto out_slab;

        ubifs_shrinker_info->count_objects = ubifs_shrink_count;
        ubifs_shrinker_info->scan_objects = ubifs_shrink_scan;

        shrinker_register(ubifs_shrinker_info);

        err = ubifs_compressors_init();
        if (err)
                goto out_shrinker;

        dbg_debugfs_init();

        err = ubifs_sysfs_init();
        if (err)
                goto out_dbg;

        err = register_filesystem(&ubifs_fs_type);
        if (err) {
                pr_err("UBIFS error (pid %d): cannot register file system, error %d",
                       current->pid, err);
                goto out_sysfs;
        }
        return 0;

out_sysfs:
        ubifs_sysfs_exit();
out_dbg:
        dbg_debugfs_exit();
        ubifs_compressors_exit();
out_shrinker:
        shrinker_free(ubifs_shrinker_info);
out_slab:
        kmem_cache_destroy(ubifs_inode_slab);
        return err;
}
/* late_initcall to let compressors initialize first */
late_initcall(ubifs_init);

static void __exit ubifs_exit(void)
{
        WARN_ON(!list_empty(&ubifs_infos));
        WARN_ON(atomic_long_read(&ubifs_clean_zn_cnt) != 0);

        dbg_debugfs_exit();
        ubifs_sysfs_exit();
        ubifs_compressors_exit();
        shrinker_free(ubifs_shrinker_info);

        /*
         * Make sure all delayed rcu free inodes are flushed before we
         * destroy cache.
         */
        rcu_barrier();
        kmem_cache_destroy(ubifs_inode_slab);
        unregister_filesystem(&ubifs_fs_type);
}
module_exit(ubifs_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_VERSION(__stringify(UBIFS_VERSION));
MODULE_AUTHOR("Artem Bityutskiy, Adrian Hunter");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("UBIFS - UBI File System");