root/usr.sbin/tcpdump/print-domain.c
/*      $OpenBSD: print-domain.c,v 1.28 2023/03/01 08:15:58 claudio Exp $       */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
 * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
 * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
 * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
 * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
 * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
 * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
 * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
 * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
 * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
 * written permission.
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 */

#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

#include <net/if.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <netinet/udp.h>
#include <netinet/udp_var.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>

#ifdef NOERROR
#undef NOERROR                                  /* Solaris sucks */
#endif
#ifdef NOERROR
#undef T_UNSPEC                                 /* SINIX does too */
#endif
#include "nameser.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "interface.h"
#include "addrtoname.h"
#include "extract.h"                    /* must come after interface.h */

static const char *ns_ops[] = {
        "", " inv_q", " stat", " op3", " notify", " update", " op6", " op7",
        " op8", " updataA", " updateD", " updateDA",
        " updateM", " updateMA", " zoneInit", " zoneRef",
};

static const char *ns_resp[] = {
        "", " FormErr", " ServFail", " NXDomain",
        " NotImp", " Refused", " YXDomain", " YXRRSet",
        " NXRRSet", " NotAuth", " NotZone", " Resp11",
        " Resp12", " Resp13", " Resp14", " NoChange",
};

/* skip over a domain name */
static const u_char *
ns_nskip(const u_char *cp)
{
        u_char i;

        if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                return (NULL);
        i = *cp++;
        while (i) {
                if ((i & INDIR_MASK) == INDIR_MASK)
                        return (cp + 1);
                if ((i & INDIR_MASK) == EDNS0_MASK) {
                        int bitlen, bytelen;

                        if ((i & ~INDIR_MASK) != EDNS0_ELT_BITLABEL)
                                return(NULL); /* unknown ELT */
                        if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                                return (NULL);
                        if ((bitlen = *cp++) == 0)
                                bitlen = 256;
                        bytelen = (bitlen + 7) / 8;
                        cp += bytelen;
                } else
                        cp += i;
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                        return (NULL);
                i = *cp++;
        }
        return (cp);
}

/* print a <domain-name> */
static const u_char *
blabel_print(const u_char *cp)
{
        int bitlen, slen, b;
        const u_char *bitp, *lim;
        char tc;

        if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                return(NULL);
        if ((bitlen = *cp) == 0)
                bitlen = 256;
        slen = (bitlen + 3) / 4;
        lim = cp + 1 + slen;

        /* print the bit string as a hex string */
        printf("\\[x");
        for (bitp = cp + 1, b = bitlen; bitp < lim && b > 7; b -= 8, bitp++) {
                TCHECK(*bitp);
                printf("%02x", *bitp);
        }
        if (b > 4) {
                TCHECK(*bitp);
                tc = *bitp++;
                printf("%02x", tc & (0xff << (8 - b)));
        } else if (b > 0) {
                TCHECK(*bitp);
                tc = *bitp++;
                printf("%1x", ((tc >> 4) & 0x0f) & (0x0f << (4 - b)));
        }
        printf("/%d]", bitlen);
        return lim;
trunc:
        printf(".../%d]", bitlen);
        return NULL;
}

static int
labellen(const u_char *cp)
{
        u_int i;

        if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                return(-1);
        i = *cp;
        if ((i & INDIR_MASK) == EDNS0_MASK) {
                int bitlen, elt;
                if ((elt = (i & ~INDIR_MASK)) != EDNS0_ELT_BITLABEL) {
                        printf("<ELT %d>", elt);
                        return(-1);
                }
                if (!TTEST2(*(cp + 1), 1))
                        return(-1);
                if ((bitlen = *(cp + 1)) == 0)
                        bitlen = 256;
                return(((bitlen + 7) / 8) + 1);
        } else
                return(i);
}

static const u_char *
ns_nprint(const u_char *cp, const u_char *bp)
{
        u_int i, l;
        const u_char *rp = NULL;
        int compress = 0;
        int chars_processed;
        int elt;
        int data_size = snapend - bp;

        if ((l = labellen(cp)) == (u_int)-1)
                return(NULL);
        if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                return(NULL);
        chars_processed = 1;
        if (((i = *cp++) & INDIR_MASK) != INDIR_MASK) {
                compress = 0;
                rp = cp + l;
        }

        if (i != 0)
                while (i && cp < snapend) {
                        if ((i & INDIR_MASK) == INDIR_MASK) {
                                if (!compress) {
                                        rp = cp + 1;
                                        compress = 1;
                                }
                                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                                        return(NULL);
                                cp = bp + (((i << 8) | *cp) & 0x3fff);
                                if ((l = labellen(cp)) == (u_int)-1)
                                        return(NULL);
                                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                                        return(NULL);
                                i = *cp++;
                                chars_processed++;

                                /*
                                 * If we've looked at every character in
                                 * the message, this pointer will make
                                 * us look at some character again,
                                 * which means we're looping.
                                 */
                                if (chars_processed >= data_size) {
                                        printf("<LOOP>");
                                        return (NULL);
                                }
                                continue;
                        }
                        if ((i & INDIR_MASK) == EDNS0_MASK) {
                                elt = (i & ~INDIR_MASK);
                                switch(elt) {
                                case EDNS0_ELT_BITLABEL:
                                        if (blabel_print(cp) == NULL)
                                                return (NULL);
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        /* unknown ELT */
                                        printf("<ELT %d>", elt);
                                        return(NULL);
                                }
                        } else {
                                if (fn_printn(cp, l, snapend))
                                        return(NULL);
                        }

                        cp += l;
                        chars_processed += l;
                        putchar('.');
                        if ((l = labellen(cp)) == (u_int)-1)
                                return(NULL);
                        if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                                return(NULL);
                        i = *cp++;
                        chars_processed++;
                        if (!compress)
                                rp += l + 1;
                }
        else
                putchar('.');
        return (rp);
}

/* print a <character-string> */
static const u_char *
ns_cprint(const u_char *cp)
{
        u_int i;

        if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                return (NULL);
        i = *cp++;
        if (fn_printn(cp, i, snapend))
                return (NULL);
        return (cp + i);
}

/* https://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-parameters */
struct tok ns_type2str[] = {
        { T_A,          "A" },                  /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_NS,         "NS" },                 /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_MD,         "MD" },                 /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_MF,         "MF" },                 /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_CNAME,      "CNAME" },              /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_SOA,        "SOA" },                /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_MB,         "MB" },                 /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_MG,         "MG" },                 /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_MR,         "MR" },                 /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_NULL,       "NULL" },               /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_WKS,        "WKS" },                /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_PTR,        "PTR" },                /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_HINFO,      "HINFO" },              /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_MINFO,      "MINFO" },              /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_MX,         "MX" },                 /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_TXT,        "TXT" },                /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_RP,         "RP" },                 /* RFC 1183 */
        { T_AFSDB,      "AFSDB" },              /* RFC 1183 */
        { T_X25,        "X25" },                /* RFC 1183 */
        { T_ISDN,       "ISDN" },               /* RFC 1183 */
        { T_RT,         "RT" },                 /* RFC 1183 */
        { T_NSAP,       "NSAP" },               /* RFC 1706 */
        { T_NSAP_PTR,   "NSAP_PTR" },
        { T_SIG,        "SIG" },                /* RFC 2535 */
        { T_KEY,        "KEY" },                /* RFC 2535 */
        { T_PX,         "PX" },                 /* RFC 2163 */
        { T_GPOS,       "GPOS" },               /* RFC 1712 */
        { T_AAAA,       "AAAA" },               /* RFC 1886 */
        { T_LOC,        "LOC" },                /* RFC 1876 */
        { T_NXT,        "NXT" },                /* RFC 2535 */
        { T_EID,        "EID" },                /* Nimrod */
        { T_NIMLOC,     "NIMLOC" },             /* Nimrod */
        { T_SRV,        "SRV" },                /* RFC 2782 */
        { T_ATMA,       "ATMA" },               /* ATM Forum */
        { T_NAPTR,      "NAPTR" },              /* RFC 2168, RFC 2915 */
        { T_KX,         "KX" },                 /* RFC 2230 */
        { T_CERT,       "CERT" },               /* RFC 2538 */
        { T_A6,         "A6" },                 /* RFC 2874 */
        { T_DNAME,      "DNAME" },              /* RFC 2672 */
        { T_SINK,       "SINK" },
        { T_OPT,        "OPT" },                /* RFC 2671 */
        { T_APL,        "APL" },                /* RFC 3123 */
        { T_DS,         "DS" },                 /* RFC 4034 */
        { T_SSHFP,      "SSHFP" },              /* RFC 4255 */
        { T_IPSECKEY,   "IPSECKEY" },           /* RFC 4025 */
        { T_RRSIG,      "RRSIG" },              /* RFC 4034 */
        { T_NSEC,       "NSEC" },               /* RFC 4034 */
        { T_DNSKEY,     "DNSKEY" },             /* RFC 4034 */
        { T_SPF,        "SPF" },                /* RFC-schlitt-spf-classic-02.txt */
        { T_UINFO,      "UINFO" },
        { T_UID,        "UID" },
        { T_GID,        "GID" },
        { T_UNSPEC,     "UNSPEC" },
        { T_UNSPECA,    "UNSPECA" },
        { T_TKEY,       "TKEY" },               /* RFC 2930 */
        { T_TSIG,       "TSIG" },               /* RFC 2845 */
        { T_IXFR,       "IXFR" },               /* RFC 1995 */
        { T_AXFR,       "AXFR" },               /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_MAILB,      "MAILB" },              /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_MAILA,      "MAILA" },              /* RFC 1035 */
        { T_ANY,        "ANY" },
        { 0,            NULL }
};

struct tok ns_class2str[] = {
        { C_IN,         "IN" },         /* Not used */
        { C_CHAOS,      "CHAOS" },
        { C_HS,         "HS" },
        { C_ANY,        "ANY" },
        { 0,            NULL }
};

/* print a query */
static const u_char *
ns_qprint(const u_char *cp, const u_char *bp, int is_mdns)
{
        const u_char *np = cp;
        u_int i, class;

        cp = ns_nskip(cp);

        if (cp == NULL || !TTEST2(*cp, 4))
                return(NULL);

        /* print the qtype */
        i = EXTRACT_16BITS(cp);
        cp += 2;
        printf(" %s", tok2str(ns_type2str, "Type%d", i));
        /* print the qclass (if it's not IN) */
        i = EXTRACT_16BITS(cp);
        cp += 2;
        if (is_mdns)
                class = (i & ~C_QU);
        else
                class = i;
        if (class != C_IN)
                printf(" %s", tok2str(ns_class2str, "(Class %d)", class));
        if (is_mdns && (i & C_QU))
                printf(" (QU)");

        printf("? ");
        cp = ns_nprint(np, bp);
        return(cp ? cp + 4 : NULL);
}

/* print a reply */
static const u_char *
ns_rprint(const u_char *cp, const u_char *bp, int is_mdns)
{
        u_int i, class, opt_flags = 0;
        u_short typ, len;
        const u_char *rp;

        if (vflag) {
                putchar(' ');
                if ((cp = ns_nprint(cp, bp)) == NULL)
                        return NULL;
        } else
                cp = ns_nskip(cp);

        if (cp == NULL || !TTEST2(*cp, 10))
                return (snapend);

        /* print the type/qtype */
        typ = EXTRACT_16BITS(cp);
        cp += 2;
        /* print the class (if it's not IN and the type isn't OPT) */
        i = EXTRACT_16BITS(cp);
        cp += 2;
        if (is_mdns)
                class = (i & ~C_CACHE_FLUSH);
        else
                class = i;
        if (class != C_IN && typ != T_OPT)
                printf(" %s", tok2str(ns_class2str, "(Class %d)", class));
        if (is_mdns) {
                if (i & C_CACHE_FLUSH)
                        printf(" (Cache flush)");
        }

        if (typ == T_OPT) {
                /* get opt flags */
                cp += 2;
                opt_flags = EXTRACT_16BITS(cp);
                /* ignore rest of ttl field */
                cp += 2;
        } else if (vflag > 2) {
                /* print ttl */
                printf(" [");
                relts_print(EXTRACT_32BITS(cp));
                printf("]");
                cp += 4;
        } else {
                /* ignore ttl */
                cp += 4;
        }

        len = EXTRACT_16BITS(cp);
        cp += 2;

        rp = cp + len;

        printf(" %s", tok2str(ns_type2str, "Type%d", typ));
        if (rp > snapend)
                return(NULL);

        switch (typ) {
        case T_A:
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, sizeof(struct in_addr)))
                        return(NULL);
                printf(" %s", ipaddr_string(cp));
                break;

        case T_NS:
        case T_CNAME:
        case T_PTR:
#ifdef T_DNAME
        case T_DNAME:
#endif
                putchar(' ');
                if (ns_nprint(cp, bp) == NULL)
                        return(NULL);
                break;

        case T_SOA:
                if (!vflag)
                        break;
                putchar(' ');
                if ((cp = ns_nprint(cp, bp)) == NULL)
                        return(NULL);
                putchar(' ');
                if ((cp = ns_nprint(cp, bp)) == NULL)
                        return(NULL);
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 5 * 4))
                        return(NULL);
                printf(" %u", EXTRACT_32BITS(cp));
                cp += 4;
                printf(" %u", EXTRACT_32BITS(cp));
                cp += 4;
                printf(" %u", EXTRACT_32BITS(cp));
                cp += 4;
                printf(" %u", EXTRACT_32BITS(cp));
                cp += 4;
                printf(" %u", EXTRACT_32BITS(cp));
                cp += 4;
                break;
        case T_MX:
                putchar(' ');
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 2))
                        return(NULL);
                if (ns_nprint(cp + 2, bp) == NULL)
                        return(NULL);
                printf(" %d", EXTRACT_16BITS(cp));
                break;

        case T_TXT:
                while (cp < rp) {
                        printf(" \"");
                        cp = ns_cprint(cp);
                        if (cp == NULL)
                                return(NULL);
                        putchar('"');
                }
                break;

        case T_SRV:
                putchar(' ');
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 6))
                        return(NULL);
                if (ns_nprint(cp + 6, bp) == NULL)
                        return(NULL);
                printf(":%d %d %d", EXTRACT_16BITS(cp + 4),
                        EXTRACT_16BITS(cp), EXTRACT_16BITS(cp + 2));
                break;

        case T_AAAA:
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, sizeof(struct in6_addr)))
                        return(NULL);
                printf(" %s", ip6addr_string(cp));
                break;

        case T_A6:
            {
                struct in6_addr a;
                int pbit, pbyte;

                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 1))
                        return(NULL);
                pbit = *cp;
                pbyte = (pbit & ~7) / 8;
                if (pbit > 128) {
                        printf(" %u(bad plen)", pbit);
                        break;
                } else if (pbit < 128) {
                        if (!TTEST2(*(cp + 1), sizeof(a) - pbyte))
                                return(NULL);
                        memset(&a, 0, sizeof(a));
                        memcpy(&a.s6_addr[pbyte], cp + 1, sizeof(a) - pbyte);
                        printf(" %u %s", pbit, ip6addr_string(&a));
                }
                if (pbit > 0) {
                        putchar(' ');
                        if (ns_nprint(cp + 1 + sizeof(a) - pbyte, bp) == NULL)
                                return(NULL);
                }
                break;
            }

        case T_OPT:
                printf(" UDPsize=%u", class);
                if (opt_flags & 0x8000)
                        printf(" DO");
                break;

        case T_UNSPECA:         /* One long string */
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, len))
                        return(NULL);
                if (fn_printn(cp, len, snapend))
                        return(NULL);
                break;

        case T_TSIG:
            {
                if (cp + len > snapend)
                        return(NULL);
                if (!vflag)
                        break;
                putchar(' ');
                if ((cp = ns_nprint(cp, bp)) == NULL)
                        return(NULL);
                cp += 6;
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 2))
                        return(NULL);
                printf(" fudge=%u", EXTRACT_16BITS(cp));
                cp += 2;
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 2))
                        return(NULL);
                printf(" maclen=%u", EXTRACT_16BITS(cp));
                cp += 2 + EXTRACT_16BITS(cp);
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 2))
                        return(NULL);
                printf(" origid=%u", EXTRACT_16BITS(cp));
                cp += 2;
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 2))
                        return(NULL);
                printf(" error=%u", EXTRACT_16BITS(cp));
                cp += 2;
                if (!TTEST2(*cp, 2))
                        return(NULL);
                printf(" otherlen=%u", EXTRACT_16BITS(cp));
                cp += 2;
            }
        }
        return (rp);            /* XXX This isn't always right */
}

void
ns_print(const u_char *bp, u_int length, int is_mdns)
{
        const HEADER *np;
        int qdcount, ancount, nscount, arcount;
        const u_char *cp;
        u_int16_t b2;

        np = (const HEADER *)bp;
        TCHECK(*np);
        /* get the byte-order right */
        qdcount = EXTRACT_16BITS(&np->qdcount);
        ancount = EXTRACT_16BITS(&np->ancount);
        nscount = EXTRACT_16BITS(&np->nscount);
        arcount = EXTRACT_16BITS(&np->arcount);

        if (DNS_QR(np)) {
                /* this is a response */
                printf("%d%s%s%s%s%s%s",
                        EXTRACT_16BITS(&np->id),
                        ns_ops[DNS_OPCODE(np)],
                        ns_resp[DNS_RCODE(np)],
                        DNS_AA(np)? "*" : "",
                        DNS_RA(np)? "" : "-",
                        DNS_TC(np)? "|" : "",
                        DNS_AD(np)? "$" : "");

                if (qdcount != 1)
                        printf(" [%dq]", qdcount);
                /* Print QUESTION section on -vv */
                cp = (const u_char *)(np + 1);
                while (qdcount--) {
                        if (qdcount < EXTRACT_16BITS(&np->qdcount) - 1)
                                putchar(',');
                        if (vflag > 1) {
                                printf(" q:");
                                if ((cp = ns_qprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                        goto trunc;
                        } else {
                                if ((cp = ns_nskip(cp)) == NULL)
                                        goto trunc;
                                cp += 4;        /* skip QTYPE and QCLASS */
                        }
                }
                printf(" %d/%d/%d", ancount, nscount, arcount);
                if (ancount--) {
                        if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                goto trunc;
                        while (cp < snapend && ancount--) {
                                putchar(',');
                                if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                        goto trunc;
                        }
                }
                if (ancount > 0)
                        goto trunc;
                /* Print NS and AR sections on -vv */
                if (vflag > 1) {
                        if (cp < snapend && nscount--) {
                                printf(" ns:");
                                if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                        goto trunc;
                                while (cp < snapend && nscount--) {
                                        putchar(',');
                                        if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                                goto trunc;
                                }
                        }
                        if (nscount > 0)
                                goto trunc;
                        if (cp < snapend && arcount--) {
                                printf(" ar:");
                                if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                        goto trunc;
                                while (cp < snapend && arcount--) {
                                        putchar(',');
                                        if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                                goto trunc;
                                }
                        }
                        if (arcount > 0)
                                goto trunc;
                }
        } else {
                /* this is a request */
                printf("%d%s%s%s", EXTRACT_16BITS(&np->id), ns_ops[DNS_OPCODE(np)],
                    DNS_RD(np) ? "+" : "",
                    DNS_CD(np) ? "%" : "");

                /* any weirdness? AA is expected in NOTIFY. */
                b2 = EXTRACT_16BITS(((u_short *)np)+1);
                if ((b2 & 0x6cf) !=
                    (DNS_OPCODE(np) == NS_NOTIFY_OP ? htons(0x400) : 0))
                        printf(" [b2&3=0x%x]", b2);

                if (DNS_OPCODE(np) == IQUERY) {
                        if (qdcount)
                                printf(" [%dq]", qdcount);
                        if (ancount != 1)
                                printf(" [%da]", ancount);
                }
                else {
                        if (ancount)
                                printf(" [%da]", ancount);
                        if (qdcount != 1)
                                printf(" [%dq]", qdcount);
                }
                if (nscount)
                        printf(" [%dn]", nscount);
                if (arcount)
                        printf(" [%dau]", arcount);

                cp = (const u_char *)(np + 1);
                if (qdcount--) {
                        cp = ns_qprint(cp, (const u_char *)np, is_mdns);
                        if (!cp)
                                goto trunc;
                        while (cp < snapend && qdcount--) {
                                cp = ns_qprint((const u_char *)cp,
                                               (const u_char *)np,
                                               is_mdns);
                                if (!cp)
                                        goto trunc;
                        }
                }
                if (qdcount > 0)
                        goto trunc;

                /* Print remaining sections on -vv */
                if (vflag > 1) {
                        if (ancount--) {
                                if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                        goto trunc;
                                while (cp < snapend && ancount--) {
                                        putchar(',');
                                        if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                                goto trunc;
                                }
                        }
                        if (ancount > 0)
                                goto trunc;
                        if (cp < snapend && nscount--) {
                                printf(" ns:");
                                if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                        goto trunc;
                                while (nscount-- && cp < snapend) {
                                        putchar(',');
                                        if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                                goto trunc;
                                }
                        }
                        if (nscount > 0)
                                goto trunc;
                        if (cp < snapend && arcount--) {
                                printf(" ar:");
                                if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                        goto trunc;
                                while (cp < snapend && arcount--) {
                                        putchar(',');
                                        if ((cp = ns_rprint(cp, bp, is_mdns)) == NULL)
                                                goto trunc;
                                }
                        }
                        if (arcount > 0)
                                goto trunc;
                }
        }
        printf("(%d)", length);
        return;

  trunc:
        printf("[|domain]");
        return;
}