/*      $NetBSD: options.c,v 1.122 2025/05/04 20:06:23 rillig Exp $     */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1992 Keith Muller.
 * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
#include "nbtool_config.h"
#endif

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#if !defined(lint)
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)options.c   8.2 (Berkeley) 4/18/94";
#else
__RCSID("$NetBSD: options.c,v 1.122 2025/05/04 20:06:23 rillig Exp $");
#endif
#endif /* not lint */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
#include "compat_getopt.h"
#else
#include <getopt.h>
#endif
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <util.h>
#include "pax.h"
#include "options.h"
#include "cpio.h"
#include "tar.h"
#include "extern.h"
#ifndef SMALL
#include "mtree.h"
#endif  /* SMALL */

char *chdname;
#if !HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
int do_chroot;
#endif

/*
 * Routines which handle command line options
 */
struct stat tst;                /* Timestamp to set if non-0 */

static int nopids;              /* tar mode: suppress "pids" for -p option */
static char flgch[] = FLGCH;    /* list of all possible flags (pax) */
static OPLIST *ophead = NULL;   /* head for format specific options -x */
static OPLIST *optail = NULL;   /* option tail */

static int opt_add(const char *);
static int no_op(void);
static void printflg(unsigned int);
static int c_frmt(const void *, const void *);
static off_t str_offt(char *);
static char *get_line(FILE *fp);
#ifndef SMALL
static int set_tstamp(const char *, struct stat *);
#endif
static void pax_options(int, char **);
__dead static void pax_usage(void);
static void tar_options(int, char **);
__dead static void tar_usage(void);
#ifndef NO_CPIO
static void cpio_options(int, char **);
__dead static void cpio_usage(void);
#endif

/* errors from get_line */
#define GETLINE_FILE_CORRUPT 1
#define GETLINE_OUT_OF_MEM 2
static int get_line_error;

#define BZIP2_CMD       "bzip2"         /* command to run as bzip2 */
#define GZIP_CMD        "gzip"          /* command to run as gzip */
#define XZ_CMD          "xz"            /* command to run as xz */
#define COMPRESS_CMD    "compress"      /* command to run as compress */

/*
 * Long options.
 */
#define OPT_USE_COMPRESS_PROGRAM        0
#define OPT_CHECKPOINT                  1
#define OPT_UNLINK                      2
#define OPT_HELP                        3
#define OPT_ATIME_PRESERVE              4
#define OPT_IGNORE_FAILED_READ          5
#define OPT_REMOVE_FILES                6
#define OPT_NULL                        7
#define OPT_TOTALS                      8
#define OPT_VERSION                     9
#define OPT_EXCLUDE                     10
#define OPT_BLOCK_COMPRESS              11
#define OPT_NORECURSE                   12
#define OPT_FORCE_LOCAL                 13
#define OPT_INSECURE                    14
#define OPT_STRICT                      15
#define OPT_SPARSE                      16
#define OPT_XZ                          17
#define OPT_GNU                         18
#define OPT_TIMESTAMP                   19
#if !HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
#define OPT_CHROOT                      20
#endif

/*
 *      Format specific routine table - MUST BE IN SORTED ORDER BY NAME
 *      (see pax.h for description of each function)
 *
 *      name, blksz, hdsz, udev, hlk, blkagn, inhead, id, st_read,
 *      read, end_read, st_write, write, end_write, trail,
 *      subtrail, rd_data, wr_data, options
 */

FSUB fsub[] = {
#ifndef NO_CPIO
/* 0: OLD BINARY CPIO */
        { "bcpio", 5120, sizeof(HD_BCPIO), 1, 0, 0, 1, bcpio_id, cpio_strd,
        bcpio_rd, bcpio_endrd, cpio_stwr, bcpio_wr, cpio_endwr, NULL,
        cpio_subtrail, rd_wrfile, wr_rdfile, bad_opt },

/* 1: OLD OCTAL CHARACTER CPIO */
        { "cpio", 5120, sizeof(HD_CPIO), 1, 0, 0, 1, cpio_id, cpio_strd,
        cpio_rd, cpio_endrd, cpio_stwr, cpio_wr, cpio_endwr, NULL,
        cpio_subtrail, rd_wrfile, wr_rdfile, bad_opt },

/* 2: SVR4 HEX CPIO */
        { "sv4cpio", 5120, sizeof(HD_VCPIO), 1, 0, 0, 1, vcpio_id, cpio_strd,
        vcpio_rd, vcpio_endrd, cpio_stwr, vcpio_wr, cpio_endwr, NULL,
        cpio_subtrail, rd_wrfile, wr_rdfile, bad_opt },

/* 3: SVR4 HEX CPIO WITH CRC */
        { "sv4crc", 5120, sizeof(HD_VCPIO), 1, 0, 0, 1, crc_id, crc_strd,
        vcpio_rd, vcpio_endrd, crc_stwr, vcpio_wr, cpio_endwr, NULL,
        cpio_subtrail, rd_wrfile, wr_rdfile, bad_opt },
#endif
/* 4: OLD TAR */
        { "tar", 10240, BLKMULT, 0, 1, BLKMULT, 0, tar_id, no_op,
        tar_rd, tar_endrd, no_op, tar_wr, tar_endwr, tar_trail,
        NULL, rd_wrfile, wr_rdfile, tar_opt },

/* 5: POSIX USTAR */
        { "ustar", 10240, BLKMULT, 0, 1, BLKMULT, 0, ustar_id, ustar_strd,
        ustar_rd, tar_endrd, ustar_stwr, ustar_wr, tar_endwr, tar_trail,
        NULL, rd_wrfile, wr_rdfile, bad_opt }
};
#ifndef NO_CPIO
#define F_BCPIO         0       /* old binary cpio format */
#define F_CPIO          1       /* old octal character cpio format */
#define F_SV4CPIO       2       /* SVR4 hex cpio format */
#define F_SV4CRC        3       /* SVR4 hex with crc cpio format */
#define F_TAR           4       /* old V7 UNIX tar format */
#define F_USTAR         5       /* ustar format */
#else
#define F_TAR           0       /* old V7 UNIX tar format */
#define F_USTAR         1       /* ustar format */
#endif
#define DEFLT           F_USTAR /* default write format from list above */

/*
 * ford is the archive search order used by get_arc() to determine what kind
 * of archive we are dealing with. This helps to properly id archive formats
 * some formats may be subsets of others....
 */
int ford[] = {F_USTAR, F_TAR,
#ifndef NO_CPIO
    F_SV4CRC, F_SV4CPIO, F_CPIO, F_BCPIO,
#endif
    -1};

/*
 * filename record separator
 */
int sep = '\n';

/*
 * Do we have -C anywhere?
 */
int havechd = 0;

/*
 * options()
 *      figure out if we are pax, tar or cpio. Call the appropriate options
 *      parser
 */

void
options(int argc, char **argv)
{

        /*
         * Are we acting like pax, tar or cpio (based on argv[0])
         */
        if ((argv0 = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) != NULL)
                argv0++;
        else
                argv0 = argv[0];

        if (strstr(argv0, NM_TAR)) {
                argv0 = NM_TAR;
                tar_options(argc, argv);
#ifndef NO_CPIO
        } else if (strstr(argv0, NM_CPIO)) {
                argv0 = NM_CPIO;
                cpio_options(argc, argv);
#endif
        } else {
                argv0 = NM_PAX;
                pax_options(argc, argv);
        }
}

struct option pax_longopts[] = {
        { "insecure",           no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_INSECURE },
        { "force-local",        no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_FORCE_LOCAL },
        { "use-compress-program", required_argument,    0,
                                                OPT_USE_COMPRESS_PROGRAM },
        { "xz",                 no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_XZ },
        { "gnu",                no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_GNU },
        { "timestamp",          required_argument,      0,
                                                OPT_TIMESTAMP },
        { 0,                    0,                      0,
                                                0 },
};

/*
 * pax_options()
 *      look at the user specified flags. set globals as required and check if
 *      the user specified a legal set of flags. If not, complain and exit
 */

static void
pax_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int c;
        size_t i;
        u_int64_t flg = 0;
        u_int64_t bflg = 0;
        char *pt;
        FSUB tmp;

        /*
         * process option flags
         */
        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
            "0ab:cdf:ijklno:p:rs:tuvwx:zAB:DE:G:HLMN:OPT:U:VXYZ",
            pax_longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
                switch (c) {
                case '0':
                        sep = '\0';
                        break;
                case 'a':
                        /*
                         * append
                         */
                        flg |= AF;
                        break;
                case 'b':
                        /*
                         * specify blocksize
                         */
                        flg |= BF;
                        if ((wrblksz = (int)str_offt(optarg)) <= 0) {
                                tty_warn(1, "Invalid block size %s", optarg);
                                pax_usage();
                        }
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        /*
                         * inverse match on patterns
                         */
                        cflag = 1;
                        flg |= CF;
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        /*
                         * match only dir on extract, not the subtree at dir
                         */
                        dflag = 1;
                        flg |= DF;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        /*
                         * filename where the archive is stored
                         */
                        arcname = optarg;
                        flg |= FF;
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        /*
                         * interactive file rename
                         */
                        iflag = 1;
                        flg |= IF;
                        break;
                case 'j':
                        /*
                         * pass through bzip2
                         */
                        gzip_program = BZIP2_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'k':
                        /*
                         * do not clobber files that exist
                         */
                        kflag = 1;
                        flg |= KF;
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        /*
                         * try to link src to dest with copy (-rw)
                         */
                        lflag = 1;
                        flg |= LF;
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        /*
                         * select first match for a pattern only
                         */
                        nflag = 1;
                        flg |= NF;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        /*
                         * pass format specific options
                         */
                        flg |= OF;
                        if (opt_add(optarg) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        /*
                         * specify file characteristic options
                         */
                        for (pt = optarg; *pt != '\0'; ++pt) {
                                switch(*pt) {
                                case 'a':
                                        /*
                                         * do not preserve access time
                                         */
                                        patime = 0;
                                        break;
                                case 'e':
                                        /*
                                         * preserve user id, group id, file
                                         * mode, access/modification times
                                         * and file flags.
                                         */
                                        pids = 1;
                                        pmode = 1;
                                        patime = 1;
                                        pmtime = 1;
                                        pfflags = 1;
                                        break;
#if 0
                                case 'f':
                                        /*
                                         * do not preserve file flags
                                         */
                                        pfflags = 0;
                                        break;
#endif
                                case 'm':
                                        /*
                                         * do not preserve modification time
                                         */
                                        pmtime = 0;
                                        break;
                                case 'o':
                                        /*
                                         * preserve uid/gid
                                         */
                                        pids = 1;
                                        break;
                                case 'p':
                                        /*
                                         * preserve file mode bits
                                         */
                                        pmode = 1;
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        tty_warn(1, "Invalid -p string: %c",
                                            *pt);
                                        pax_usage();
                                }
                        }
                        flg |= PF;
                        break;
                case 'r':
                        /*
                         * read the archive
                         */
                        flg |= RF;
                        break;
                case 's':
                        /*
                         * file name substitution name pattern
                         */
                        if (rep_add(optarg) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                        flg |= SF;
                        break;
                case 't':
                        /*
                         * preserve access time on filesystem nodes we read
                         */
                        tflag = 1;
                        flg |= TF;
                        break;
                case 'u':
                        /*
                         * ignore those older files
                         */
                        uflag = 1;
                        flg |= UF;
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        /*
                         * verbose operation mode
                         */
                        vflag = 1;
                        flg |= VF;
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        /*
                         * write an archive
                         */
                        flg |= WF;
                        break;
                case 'x':
                        /*
                         * specify an archive format on write
                         */
                        tmp.name = optarg;
                        frmt = (FSUB *)bsearch((void *)&tmp, (void *)fsub,
                            sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB), sizeof(FSUB), c_frmt);
                        if (frmt != NULL) {
                                flg |= XF;
                                break;
                        }
                        tty_warn(1, "Unknown -x format: %s", optarg);
                        (void)fputs("pax: Known -x formats are:", stderr);
                        for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB)); ++i)
                                (void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", fsub[i].name);
                        (void)fputs("\n\n", stderr);
                        pax_usage();
                case 'z':
                        /*
                         * use gzip.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        gzip_program = GZIP_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'A':
                        Aflag = 1;
                        flg |= CAF;
                        break;
                case 'B':
                        /*
                         * non-standard option on number of bytes written on a
                         * single archive volume.
                         */
                        if ((wrlimit = str_offt(optarg)) <= 0) {
                                tty_warn(1, "Invalid write limit %s", optarg);
                                pax_usage();
                        }
                        if (wrlimit % BLKMULT) {
                                tty_warn(1,
                                    "Write limit is not a %d byte multiple",
                                    BLKMULT);
                                pax_usage();
                        }
                        flg |= CBF;
                        break;
                case 'D':
                        /*
                         * On extraction check file inode change time before the
                         * modification of the file name. Non standard option.
                         */
                        Dflag = 1;
                        flg |= CDF;
                        break;
                case 'E':
                        /*
                         * non-standard limit on read faults
                         * 0 indicates stop after first error, values
                         * indicate a limit, "none" try forever
                         */
                        flg |= CEF;
                        if (strcmp(none, optarg) == 0)
                                maxflt = -1;
                        else if ((maxflt = atoi(optarg)) < 0) {
                                tty_warn(1,
                                    "Error count value must be positive");
                                pax_usage();
                        }
                        break;
                case 'G':
                        /*
                         * non-standard option for selecting files within an
                         * archive by group (gid or name)
                         */
                        if (grp_add(optarg) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                        flg |= CGF;
                        break;
                case 'H':
                        /*
                         * follow command line symlinks only
                         */
                        Hflag = 1;
                        flg |= CHF;
                        break;
                case 'L':
                        /*
                         * follow symlinks
                         */
                        Lflag = 1;
                        flg |= CLF;
                        break;
#ifdef SMALL
                case 'M':
                case 'N':
                        tty_warn(1, "Support for -%c is not compiled in", c);
                        exit(1);
#else   /* !SMALL */
                case 'M':
                        /*
                         * Treat list of filenames on stdin as an
                         * mtree(8) specfile.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        Mflag = 1;
                        flg |= CMF;
                        break;
                case 'N':
                        /*
                         * Use alternative directory for user db lookups.
                         */
                        if (!setup_getid(optarg)) {
                                tty_warn(1,
                            "Unable to use user and group databases in `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                                pax_usage();
                        }
                        break;
#endif  /* !SMALL */
                case 'O':
                        /*
                         * Force one volume.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        force_one_volume = 1;
                        break;
                case 'P':
                        /*
                         * do NOT follow symlinks (default)
                         */
                        Lflag = 0;
                        flg |= CPF;
                        break;
                case 'T':
                        /*
                         * non-standard option for selecting files within an
                         * archive by modification time range (lower,upper)
                         */
                        if (trng_add(optarg) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                        flg |= CTF;
                        break;
                case 'U':
                        /*
                         * non-standard option for selecting files within an
                         * archive by user (uid or name)
                         */
                        if (usr_add(optarg) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                        flg |= CUF;
                        break;
                case 'V':
                        /*
                         * somewhat verbose operation mode (no listing)
                         */
                        Vflag = 1;
                        flg |= VSF;
                        break;
                case 'X':
                        /*
                         * do not pass over mount points in the file system
                         */
                        Xflag = 1;
                        flg |= CXF;
                        break;
                case 'Y':
                        /*
                         * On extraction check file inode change time after the
                         * modification of the file name. Non standard option.
                         */
                        Yflag = 1;
                        flg |= CYF;
                        break;
                case 'Z':
                        /*
                         * On extraction check modification time after the
                         * modification of the file name. Non standard option.
                         */
                        Zflag = 1;
                        flg |= CZF;
                        break;
                case OPT_INSECURE:
                        secure = 0;
                        break;
                case OPT_FORCE_LOCAL:
                        forcelocal = 1;
                        break;
                case OPT_USE_COMPRESS_PROGRAM:
                        gzip_program = optarg;
                        break;
                case OPT_XZ:
                        gzip_program = XZ_CMD;
                        break;
                case OPT_GNU:
                        is_gnutar = 1;
                        break;
#ifndef SMALL
                case OPT_TIMESTAMP:
                        if (set_tstamp(optarg, &tst) == -1) {
                                tty_warn(1, "Invalid timestamp `%s'", optarg);
                                tar_usage();
                        }
                        break;
#endif
                case '?':
                default:
                        pax_usage();
                }
        }

        /*
         * figure out the operation mode of pax read,write,extract,copy,append
         * or list. check that we have not been given a bogus set of flags
         * for the operation mode.
         */
        if (ISLIST(flg)) {
                act = LIST;
                listf = stdout;
                bflg = flg & BDLIST;
        } else if (ISEXTRACT(flg)) {
                act = EXTRACT;
                bflg = flg & BDEXTR;
        } else if (ISARCHIVE(flg)) {
                act = ARCHIVE;
                bflg = flg & BDARCH;
        } else if (ISAPPND(flg)) {
                act = APPND;
                bflg = flg & BDARCH;
        } else if (ISCOPY(flg)) {
                act = COPY;
                bflg = flg & BDCOPY;
        } else
                pax_usage();
        if (bflg) {
                printflg(flg);
                pax_usage();
        }

        /*
         * if we are writing (ARCHIVE) we use the default format if the user
         * did not specify a format. when we write during an APPEND, we will
         * adopt the format of the existing archive if none was supplied.
         */
        if (!(flg & XF) && (act == ARCHIVE))
                frmt = &(fsub[DEFLT]);

        /*
         * process the args as they are interpreted by the operation mode
         */
        switch (act) {
        case LIST:
        case EXTRACT:
                for (; optind < argc; optind++)
                        if (pat_add(argv[optind], NULL, 0) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                break;
        case COPY:
                if (optind >= argc) {
                        tty_warn(0, "Destination directory was not supplied");
                        pax_usage();
                }
                --argc;
                dirptr = argv[argc];
                if (mkpath(dirptr) < 0)
                        exit(1);
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case ARCHIVE:
        case APPND:
                for (; optind < argc; optind++)
                        if (ftree_add(argv[optind], 0) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                /*
                 * no read errors allowed on updates/append operation!
                 */
                maxflt = 0;
                break;
        }
}


/*
 * tar_options()
 *      look at the user specified flags. set globals as required and check if
 *      the user specified a legal set of flags. If not, complain and exit
 */

struct option tar_longopts[] = {
        { "block-size",         required_argument,      0,      'b' },
        { "bunzip2",            no_argument,            0,      'j' },
        { "bzip2",              no_argument,            0,      'j' },
        { "create",             no_argument,            0,      'c' },  /* F */
        /* -e -- no corresponding long option */
        { "file",               required_argument,      0,      'f' },
        { "dereference",        no_argument,            0,      'h' },
        { "keep-old-files",     no_argument,            0,      'k' },
        { "one-file-system",    no_argument,            0,      'l' },
        { "modification-time",  no_argument,            0,      'm' },
        { "old-archive",        no_argument,            0,      'o' },
        { "portability",        no_argument,            0,      'o' },
        { "same-permissions",   no_argument,            0,      'p' },
        { "preserve-permissions", no_argument,          0,      'p' },
        { "preserve",           no_argument,            0,      'p' },
        { "fast-read",          no_argument,            0,      'q' },
        { "append",             no_argument,            0,      'r' },  /* F */
        { "update",             no_argument,            0,      'u' },  /* F */
        { "list",               no_argument,            0,      't' },  /* F */
        { "verbose",            no_argument,            0,      'v' },
        { "interactive",        no_argument,            0,      'w' },
        { "confirmation",       no_argument,            0,      'w' },
        { "extract",            no_argument,            0,      'x' },  /* F */
        { "get",                no_argument,            0,      'x' },  /* F */
        { "gzip",               no_argument,            0,      'z' },
        { "gunzip",             no_argument,            0,      'z' },
        { "read-full-blocks",   no_argument,            0,      'B' },
        { "directory",          required_argument,      0,      'C' },
        { "xz",                 no_argument,            0,      'J' },
        { "to-stdout",          no_argument,            0,      'O' },
        { "absolute-paths",     no_argument,            0,      'P' },
        { "sparse",             no_argument,            0,      'S' },
        { "files-from",         required_argument,      0,      'T' },
        { "summary",            no_argument,            0,      'V' },
        { "stats",              no_argument,            0,      'V' },
        { "exclude-from",       required_argument,      0,      'X' },
        { "compress",           no_argument,            0,      'Z' },
        { "uncompress",         no_argument,            0,      'Z' },
        { "strict",             no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_STRICT },
        { "atime-preserve",     no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_ATIME_PRESERVE },
        { "unlink",             no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_UNLINK },
        { "use-compress-program", required_argument,    0,
                                                OPT_USE_COMPRESS_PROGRAM },
        { "force-local",        no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_FORCE_LOCAL },
        { "insecure",           no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_INSECURE },
        { "exclude",            required_argument,      0,
                                                OPT_EXCLUDE },
        { "no-recursion",       no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_NORECURSE },
#if !HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
        { "chroot",             no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_CHROOT },
#endif
        { "timestamp",          required_argument,      0,
                                                OPT_TIMESTAMP },
#if 0 /* Not implemented */
        { "catenate",           no_argument,            0,      'A' },  /* F */
        { "concatenate",        no_argument,            0,      'A' },  /* F */
        { "diff",               no_argument,            0,      'd' },  /* F */
        { "compare",            no_argument,            0,      'd' },  /* F */
        { "checkpoint",         no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_CHECKPOINT },
        { "help",               no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_HELP },
        { "info-script",        required_argument,      0,      'F' },
        { "new-volume-script",  required_argument,      0,      'F' },
        { "incremental",        no_argument,            0,      'G' },
        { "listed-incremental", required_argument,      0,      'g' },
        { "ignore-zeros",       no_argument,            0,      'i' },
        { "ignore-failed-read", no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_IGNORE_FAILED_READ },
        { "starting-file",      no_argument,            0,      'K' },
        { "tape-length",        required_argument,      0,      'L' },
        { "multi-volume",       no_argument,            0,      'M' },
        { "after-date",         required_argument,      0,      'N' },
        { "newer",              required_argument,      0,      'N' },
        { "record-number",      no_argument,            0,      'R' },
        { "remove-files",       no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_REMOVE_FILES },
        { "same-order",         no_argument,            0,      's' },
        { "preserve-order",     no_argument,            0,      's' },
        { "null",               no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_NULL },
        { "totals",             no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_TOTALS },
        { "volume-name",        required_argument,      0,      'V' }, /* XXX */
        { "label",              required_argument,      0,      'V' }, /* XXX */
        { "version",            no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_VERSION },
        { "verify",             no_argument,            0,      'W' },
        { "block-compress",     no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_BLOCK_COMPRESS },
#endif
        { 0,                    0,                      0,      0 },
};

static void
tar_set_action(int op)
{
        if (act != ERROR && act != op)
                tar_usage();
        act = op;
}

static void
tar_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int c;
        int fstdin = 0;
        int Oflag = 0;
        int nincfiles = 0;
        int incfiles_max = 0;
        struct incfile {
                char *file;
                char *dir;
        };
        struct incfile *incfiles = NULL;

        /*
         * Set default values.
         */
        rmleadslash = 1;
        is_gnutar = 1;

        /*
         * process option flags
         */
        while ((c = getoldopt(argc, argv,
            "+b:cef:hjklmopqrs:tuvwxzBC:HI:JOPST:X:Z014578",
            tar_longopts, NULL))
            != -1)  {
                switch(c) {
                case 'b':
                        /*
                         * specify blocksize in 512-byte blocks
                         */
                        if ((wrblksz = (int)str_offt(optarg)) <= 0) {
                                tty_warn(1, "Invalid block size %s", optarg);
                                tar_usage();
                        }
                        wrblksz *= 512;         /* XXX - check for int oflow */
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        /*
                         * create an archive
                         */
                        tar_set_action(ARCHIVE);
                        break;
                case 'e':
                        /*
                         * stop after first error
                         */
                        maxflt = 0;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        /*
                         * filename where the archive is stored
                         */
                        if ((optarg[0] == '-') && (optarg[1]== '\0')) {
                                /*
                                 * treat a - as stdin
                                 */
                                fstdin = 1;
                                arcname = NULL;
                                break;
                        }
                        fstdin = 0;
                        arcname = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'h':
                        /*
                         * follow symlinks
                         */
                        Lflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'j':
                        /*
                         * pass through bzip2. not a standard option
                         */
                        gzip_program = BZIP2_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'k':
                        /*
                         * do not clobber files that exist
                         */
                        kflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        /*
                         * do not pass over mount points in the file system
                         */
                        Xflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        /*
                         * do not preserve modification time
                         */
                        pmtime = 0;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        /*
                         * This option does several things based on whether
                         * this is a create or extract operation.
                         */
                        if (act == ARCHIVE) {
                                /* GNU tar: write V7 format archives. */
                                Oflag = 1;
                                /* 4.2BSD: don't add directory entries. */
                                if (opt_add("write_opt=nodir") < 0)
                                        tar_usage();

                        } else {
                                /* SUS: don't preserve owner/group. */
                                pids = 0;
                                nopids = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        /*
                         * preserve user id, group id, file
                         * mode, access/modification times
                         */
                        if (!nopids)
                                pids = 1;
                        pmode = 1;
                        patime = 1;
                        pmtime = 1;
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        /*
                         * select first match for a pattern only
                         */
                        nflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'r':
                case 'u':
                        /*
                         * append to the archive
                         */
                        tar_set_action(APPND);
                        break;
                case 's':
                        /*
                         * file name substitution name pattern
                         */
                        if (rep_add(optarg) < 0)
                                tar_usage();
                        break;
                case 't':
                        /*
                         * list contents of the tape
                         */
                        tar_set_action(LIST);
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        /*
                         * verbose operation mode
                         */
                        vflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        /*
                         * interactive file rename
                         */
                        iflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'x':
                        /*
                         * extract an archive, preserving mode,
                         * and mtime if possible.
                         */
                        tar_set_action(EXTRACT);
                        pmtime = 1;
                        break;
                case 'z':
                        /*
                         * use gzip.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        gzip_program = GZIP_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'B':
                        /*
                         * Nothing to do here, this is pax default
                         */
                        break;
                case 'C':
                        havechd++;
                        chdname = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'H':
                        /*
                         * follow command line symlinks only
                         */
                        Hflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'I':
                case 'T':
                        if (++nincfiles > incfiles_max) {
                                incfiles_max = nincfiles + 3;
                                incfiles = realloc(incfiles,
                                    sizeof(*incfiles) * incfiles_max);
                                if (incfiles == NULL) {
                                        tty_warn(0, "Unable to allocate space "
                                            "for option list");
                                        exit(1);
                                }
                        }
                        incfiles[nincfiles - 1].file = optarg;
                        incfiles[nincfiles - 1].dir = chdname;
                        break;
                case 'J':
                        gzip_program = XZ_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'O':
                        Oflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'P':
                        /*
                         * do not remove leading '/' from pathnames
                         */
                        rmleadslash = 0;
                        Aflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'S':
                        /* do nothing; we already generate sparse files */
                        break;
                case 'V':
                        /*
                         * semi-verbose operation mode (no listing)
                         */
                        Vflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'X':
                        /*
                         * GNU tar compat: exclude the files listed in optarg
                         */
                        if (tar_gnutar_X_compat(optarg) != 0)
                                tar_usage();
                        break;
                case 'Z':
                        /*
                         * use compress.
                         */
                        gzip_program = COMPRESS_CMD;
                        break;
                case '0':
                        arcname = DEV_0;
                        break;
                case '1':
                        arcname = DEV_1;
                        break;
                case '4':
                        arcname = DEV_4;
                        break;
                case '5':
                        arcname = DEV_5;
                        break;
                case '7':
                        arcname = DEV_7;
                        break;
                case '8':
                        arcname = DEV_8;
                        break;
                case OPT_ATIME_PRESERVE:
                        patime = 1;
                        break;
                case OPT_UNLINK:
                        /* Just ignore -- we always unlink first. */
                        break;
                case OPT_USE_COMPRESS_PROGRAM:
                        gzip_program = optarg;
                        break;
                case OPT_FORCE_LOCAL:
                        forcelocal = 1;
                        break;
                case OPT_INSECURE:
                        secure = 0;
                        break;
                case OPT_STRICT:
                        /* disable gnu extensions */
                        is_gnutar = 0;
                        break;
                case OPT_EXCLUDE:
                        if (tar_gnutar_minus_minus_exclude(optarg) != 0)
                                tar_usage();
                        break;
                case OPT_NORECURSE:
                        dflag = 1;
                        break;
#if !HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
                case OPT_CHROOT:
                        do_chroot = 1;
                        break;
#endif
#ifndef SMALL
                case OPT_TIMESTAMP:
                        if (set_tstamp(optarg, &tst) == -1) {
                                tty_warn(1, "Invalid timestamp `%s'", optarg);
                                tar_usage();
                        }
                        break;
#endif
                default:
                        tar_usage();
                }
        }
        argc -= optind;
        argv += optind;

        /* Tar requires an action. */
        if (act == ERROR)
                tar_usage();

        /* Traditional tar behaviour (pax uses stderr unless in list mode) */
        if (fstdin == 1 && act == ARCHIVE)
                listf = stderr;
        else
                listf = stdout;

        /* Traditional tar behaviour (pax wants to read file list from stdin) */
        if ((act == ARCHIVE || act == APPND) && argc == 0 && nincfiles == 0)
                exit(0);
        /*
         * if we are writing (ARCHIVE) specify tar, otherwise run like pax
         * (unless -o specified)
         */
        if (act == ARCHIVE || act == APPND)
                frmt = &(fsub[Oflag ? F_TAR : F_USTAR]);
        else if (Oflag) {
                if (act == EXTRACT)
                        to_stdout = 1;
                else {
                        tty_warn(1, "The -O/-o options are only valid when "
                            "writing or extracting an archive");
                        tar_usage();
                }
        }

        /*
         * process the args as they are interpreted by the operation mode
         */
        switch (act) {
        case LIST:
        case EXTRACT:
        default:
                {
                        int sawpat = 0;
                        int dirisnext = 0;
                        char *file, *dir = NULL;
                        int mustfreedir = 0;

                        while (nincfiles || *argv != NULL) {
                                /*
                                 * If we queued up any include files,
                                 * pull them in now.  Otherwise, check
                                 * for -I and -C positional flags.
                                 * Anything else must be a file to
                                 * extract.
                                 */
                                if (nincfiles) {
                                        file = incfiles->file;
                                        dir = incfiles->dir;
                                        mustfreedir = 0;
                                        incfiles++;
                                        nincfiles--;
                                } else if (strcmp(*argv, "-I") == 0) {
                                        if (*++argv == NULL)
                                                break;
                                        file = *argv++;
                                        dir = chdname;
                                        mustfreedir = 0;
                                } else {
                                        file = NULL;
                                        dir = NULL;
                                        mustfreedir = 0;
                                }
                                if (file != NULL) {
                                        FILE *fp;
                                        char *str;

                                        if (strcmp(file, "-") == 0)
                                                fp = stdin;
                                        else if ((fp = fopen(file, "r")) == NULL) {
                                                tty_warn(1, "Unable to open file '%s' for read", file);
                                                tar_usage();
                                        }
                                        while ((str = get_line(fp)) != NULL) {
                                                if (dirisnext) {
                                                        if (dir && mustfreedir)
                                                                free(dir);
                                                        dir = str;
                                                        mustfreedir = 1;
                                                        dirisnext = 0;
                                                        continue;
                                                }
                                                if (strcmp(str, "-C") == 0) {
                                                        havechd++;
                                                        dirisnext = 1;
                                                        free(str);
                                                        continue;
                                                }
                                                if (strncmp(str, "-C ", 3) == 0) {
                                                        havechd++;
                                                        if (dir && mustfreedir)
                                                                free(dir);
                                                        dir = strdup(str + 3);
                                                        mustfreedir = 1;
                                                        free(str);
                                                        continue;
                                                }
                                                if (pat_add(str, dir, NOGLOB_MTCH) < 0)
                                                        tar_usage();
                                                sawpat = 1;
                                        }
                                        /* Bomb if given -C w/out a dir. */
                                        if (dirisnext)
                                                tar_usage();
                                        if (dir && mustfreedir)
                                                free(dir);
                                        if (strcmp(file, "-") != 0)
                                                fclose(fp);
                                        if (get_line_error) {
                                                tty_warn(1, "Problem with file '%s'", file);
                                                tar_usage();
                                        }
                                } else if (strcmp(*argv, "-C") == 0) {
                                        if (*++argv == NULL)
                                                break;
                                        chdname = *argv++;
                                        havechd++;
                                } else if (pat_add(*argv++, chdname, 0) < 0)
                                        tar_usage();
                                else
                                        sawpat = 1;
                        }
                        /*
                         * if patterns were added, we are doing chdir()
                         * on a file-by-file basis, else, just one
                         * global chdir (if any) after opening input.
                         */
                        if (sawpat > 0)
                                chdname = NULL;
                }
                break;
        case ARCHIVE:
        case APPND:
                if (chdname != NULL) {  /* initial chdir() */
                        if (ftree_add(chdname, 1) < 0)
                                tar_usage();
                }

                while (nincfiles || *argv != NULL) {
                        char *file, *dir;

                        /*
                         * If we queued up any include files, pull them in
                         * now.  Otherwise, check for -I and -C positional
                         * flags.  Anything else must be a file to include
                         * in the archive.
                         */
                        if (nincfiles) {
                                file = incfiles->file;
                                dir = incfiles->dir;
                                incfiles++;
                                nincfiles--;
                        } else if (strcmp(*argv, "-I") == 0) {
                                if (*++argv == NULL)
                                        break;
                                file = *argv++;
                                dir = NULL;
                        } else {
                                file = NULL;
                                dir = NULL;
                        }
                        if (file != NULL) {
                                FILE *fp;
                                char *str;
                                int dirisnext = 0;

                                /* Set directory if needed */
                                if (dir) {
                                        if (ftree_add(dir, 1) < 0)
                                                tar_usage();
                                }

                                if (strcmp(file, "-") == 0)
                                        fp = stdin;
                                else if ((fp = fopen(file, "r")) == NULL) {
                                        tty_warn(1, "Unable to open file '%s' for read", file);
                                        tar_usage();
                                }
                                while ((str = get_line(fp)) != NULL) {
                                        if (dirisnext) {
                                                if (ftree_add(str, 1) < 0)
                                                        tar_usage();
                                                dirisnext = 0;
                                                continue;
                                        }
                                        if (strcmp(str, "-C") == 0) {
                                                dirisnext = 1;
                                                continue;
                                        }
                                        if (strncmp(str, "-C ", 3) == 0) {
                                                if (ftree_add(str + 3, 1) < 0)
                                                        tar_usage();
                                                continue;
                                        }
                                        if (ftree_add(str, 0) < 0)
                                                tar_usage();
                                }
                                /* Bomb if given -C w/out a dir. */
                                if (dirisnext)
                                        tar_usage();
                                if (strcmp(file, "-") != 0)
                                        fclose(fp);
                                if (get_line_error) {
                                        tty_warn(1, "Problem with file '%s'",
                                            file);
                                        tar_usage();
                                }
                        } else if (strcmp(*argv, "-C") == 0) {
                                if (*++argv == NULL)
                                        break;
                                if (ftree_add(*argv++, 1) < 0)
                                        tar_usage();
                        } else if (ftree_add(*argv++, 0) < 0)
                                tar_usage();
                }
                /*
                 * no read errors allowed on updates/append operation!
                 */
                maxflt = 0;
                break;
        }
        if (!fstdin && ((arcname == NULL) || (*arcname == '\0'))) {
                arcname = getenv("TAPE");
                if ((arcname == NULL) || (*arcname == '\0'))
                        arcname = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
        }
}

int
mkpath(char *path)
{
        char *slash;
        int done = 0;

        slash = path;

        while (!done) {
                slash += strspn(slash, "/");
                slash += strcspn(slash, "/");

                done = (*slash == '\0');
                *slash = '\0';

                if (domkdir(path, 0777) == -1)
                        goto out;

                if (!done)
                        *slash = '/';
        }

        return 0;
out:
        /* Can't create or or not a directory */
        syswarn(1, errno, "Cannot create directory `%s'", path);
        return -1;
}


#ifndef NO_CPIO
struct option cpio_longopts[] = {
        { "reset-access-time",  no_argument,            0,      'a' },
        { "make-directories",   no_argument,            0,      'd' },
        { "nonmatching",        no_argument,            0,      'f' },
        { "extract",            no_argument,            0,      'i' },
        { "link",               no_argument,            0,      'l' },
        { "preserve-modification-time", no_argument,    0,      'm' },
        { "create",             no_argument,            0,      'o' },
        { "pass-through",       no_argument,            0,      'p' },
        { "rename",             no_argument,            0,      'r' },
        { "list",               no_argument,            0,      't' },
        { "unconditional",      no_argument,            0,      'u' },
        { "verbose",            no_argument,            0,      'v' },
        { "append",             no_argument,            0,      'A' },
        { "pattern-file",       required_argument,      0,      'E' },
        { "file",               required_argument,      0,      'F' },
        { "force-local",        no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_FORCE_LOCAL },
        { "format",             required_argument,      0,      'H' },
        { "dereference",        no_argument,            0,      'L' },
        { "swap-halfwords",     no_argument,            0,      'S' },
        { "summary",            no_argument,            0,      'V' },
        { "stats",              no_argument,            0,      'V' },
        { "insecure",           no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_INSECURE },
        { "sparse",             no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_SPARSE },
        { "xz",                 no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_XZ },

#ifdef notyet
/* Not implemented */
        { "null",               no_argument,            0,      '0' },
        { "swap",               no_argument,            0,      'b' },
        { "numeric-uid-gid",    no_argument,            0,      'n' },
        { "swap-bytes",         no_argument,            0,      's' },
        { "message",            required_argument,      0,      'M' },
        { "owner",              required_argument,      0       'R' },
        { "dot",                no_argument,            0,      'V' }, /* xxx */
        { "block-size",         required_argument,      0,
                                                OPT_BLOCK_SIZE },
        { "no-absolute-pathnames", no_argument,         0,
                                                OPT_NO_ABSOLUTE_PATHNAMES },
        { "no-preserve-owner",  no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_NO_PRESERVE_OWNER },
        { "only-verify-crc",    no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_ONLY_VERIFY_CRC },
        { "rsh-command",        required_argument,      0,
                                                OPT_RSH_COMMAND },
        { "version",            no_argument,            0,
                                                OPT_VERSION },
#endif
        { 0,                    0,                      0,      0 },
};

static void
cpio_set_action(int op)
{
        if ((act == APPND && op == ARCHIVE) || (act == ARCHIVE && op == APPND))
                act = APPND;
        else if (act == EXTRACT && op == LIST)
                act = op;
        else if (act != ERROR && act != op)
                cpio_usage();
        else
                act = op;
}

/*
 * cpio_options()
 *      look at the user specified flags. set globals as required and check if
 *      the user specified a legal set of flags. If not, complain and exit
 */

static void
cpio_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
        FSUB tmp;
        u_int64_t flg = 0;
        u_int64_t bflg = 0;
        int c;
        size_t i;
        FILE *fp;
        char *str;

        uflag = 1;
        kflag = 1;
        pids = 1;
        pmode = 1;
        pmtime = 0;
        arcname = NULL;
        dflag = 1;
        nodirs = 1;
        /*
         * process option flags
         */
        while ((c = getoldopt(argc, argv,
            "+abcdfiklmoprstuvzABC:E:F:H:I:LM:O:R:SVZ6",
            cpio_longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
                switch(c) {
                case 'a':
                        /*
                         * preserve access time on filesystem nodes we read
                         */
                        tflag = 1;
                        flg |= TF;
                        break;
#ifdef notyet
                case 'b':
                        /*
                         * swap bytes and half-words when reading data
                         */
                        break;
#endif
                case 'c':
                        /*
                         * ASCII cpio header
                         */
                        frmt = &fsub[F_SV4CPIO];
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        /*
                         * create directories as needed
                         * pax does this by default ..
                         */
                        nodirs = 0;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        /*
                         * inverse match on patterns
                         */
                        cflag = 1;
                        flg |= CF;
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        /*
                         * read the archive
                         */
                        cpio_set_action(EXTRACT);
                        flg |= RF;
                        break;
#ifdef notyet
                case 'k':
                        break;
#endif
                case 'l':
                        /*
                         * try to link src to dest with copy (-rw)
                         */
                        lflag = 1;
                        flg |= LF;
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        /*
                         * preserve mtime
                         */
                        flg |= PF;
                        pmtime = 1;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        /*
                         * write an archive
                         */
                        cpio_set_action(ARCHIVE);
                        frmt = &(fsub[F_SV4CRC]);
                        flg |= WF;
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        /*
                         * cpio -p is like pax -rw
                         */
                        cpio_set_action(COPY);
                        flg |= RF | WF;
                        break;
                case 'r':
                        /*
                         * interactive file rename
                         */
                        iflag = 1;
                        flg |= IF;
                        break;
#ifdef notyet
                case 's':
                        /*
                         * swap bytes after reading data
                         */
                        break;
#endif
                case 't':
                        /*
                         * list contents of archive
                         */
                        cpio_set_action(LIST);
                        listf = stdout;
                        flg &= ~RF;
                        break;
                case 'u':
                        /*
                         * don't ignore those older files
                         */
                        uflag = 0;
                        kflag = 0;
                        flg |= UF;
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        /*
                         * verbose operation mode
                         */
                        vflag = 1;
                        flg |= VF;
                        break;
                case 'z':
                        /*
                         * use gzip.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        gzip_program = GZIP_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'A':
                        /*
                         * append to an archive
                         */
                        cpio_set_action(APPND);
                        flg |= AF;
                        break;
                case 'B':
                        /*
                         * set blocksize to 5120
                         */
                        blksz = 5120;
                        break;
                case 'C':
                        /*
                         * specify blocksize
                         */
                        if ((blksz = (int)str_offt(optarg)) <= 0) {
                                tty_warn(1, "Invalid block size %s", optarg);
                                cpio_usage();
                        }
                        break;
                case 'E':
                        /*
                         * file with patterns to extract or list
                         */
                        if ((fp = fopen(optarg, "r")) == NULL) {
                                tty_warn(1, "Unable to open file '%s' for read",
                                    optarg);
                                cpio_usage();
                        }
                        while ((str = get_line(fp)) != NULL) {
                                pat_add(str, NULL, 0);
                        }
                        fclose(fp);
                        if (get_line_error) {
                                tty_warn(1, "Problem with file '%s'", optarg);
                                cpio_usage();
                        }
                        break;
                case 'H':
                        /*
                         * specify an archive format on write
                         */
                        tmp.name = optarg;
                        frmt = (FSUB *)bsearch((void *)&tmp, (void *)fsub,
                            sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB), sizeof(FSUB), c_frmt);
                        if (frmt != NULL) {
                                flg |= XF;
                                break;
                        }
                        tty_warn(1, "Unknown -H format: %s", optarg);
                        (void)fputs("cpio: Known -H formats are:", stderr);
                        for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB)); ++i)
                                (void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", fsub[i].name);
                        (void)fputs("\n\n", stderr);
                        cpio_usage();
                case 'F':
                case 'I':
                case 'O':
                        /*
                         * filename where the archive is stored
                         */
                        if ((optarg[0] == '-') && (optarg[1]== '\0')) {
                                /*
                                 * treat a - as stdin
                                 */
                                arcname = NULL;
                                break;
                        }
                        arcname = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'L':
                        /*
                         * follow symlinks
                         */
                        Lflag = 1;
                        flg |= CLF;
                        break;
#ifdef notyet
                case 'M':
                        arg = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'R':
                        arg = optarg;
                        break;
#endif
                case 'S':
                        /*
                         * swap halfwords after reading data
                         */
                        cpio_swp_head = 1;
                        break;
#ifdef notyet
                case 'V':               /* print a '.' for each file processed */
                        break;
#endif
                case 'V':
                        /*
                         * semi-verbose operation mode (no listing)
                         */
                        Vflag = 1;
                        flg |= VF;
                        break;
                case 'Z':
                        /*
                         * use compress.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        gzip_program = COMPRESS_CMD;
                        break;
                case '6':
                        /*
                         * process Version 6 cpio format
                         */
                        frmt = &(fsub[F_BCPIO]);
                        break;
                case OPT_FORCE_LOCAL:
                        forcelocal = 1;
                        break;
                case OPT_INSECURE:
                        secure = 0;
                        break;
                case OPT_SPARSE:
                        /* do nothing; we already generate sparse files */
                        break;
                case OPT_XZ:
                        gzip_program = XZ_CMD;
                        break;
                default:
                        cpio_usage();
                }
        }

        /*
         * figure out the operation mode of cpio. check that we have not been
         * given a bogus set of flags for the operation mode.
         */
        if (ISLIST(flg)) {
                act = LIST;
                bflg = flg & BDLIST;
        } else if (ISEXTRACT(flg)) {
                act = EXTRACT;
                bflg = flg & BDEXTR;
        } else if (ISARCHIVE(flg)) {
                act = ARCHIVE;
                bflg = flg & BDARCH;
        } else if (ISAPPND(flg)) {
                act = APPND;
                bflg = flg & BDARCH;
        } else if (ISCOPY(flg)) {
                act = COPY;
                bflg = flg & BDCOPY;
        } else
                cpio_usage();
        if (bflg) {
                cpio_usage();
        }

        /*
         * if we are writing (ARCHIVE) we use the default format if the user
         * did not specify a format. when we write during an APPEND, we will
         * adopt the format of the existing archive if none was supplied.
         */
        if (!(flg & XF) && (act == ARCHIVE))
                frmt = &(fsub[F_BCPIO]);

        /*
         * process the args as they are interpreted by the operation mode
         */
        switch (act) {
        case LIST:
        case EXTRACT:
                for (; optind < argc; optind++)
                        if (pat_add(argv[optind], NULL, 0) < 0)
                                cpio_usage();
                break;
        case COPY:
                if (optind >= argc) {
                        tty_warn(0, "Destination directory was not supplied");
                        cpio_usage();
                }
                --argc;
                dirptr = argv[argc];
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case ARCHIVE:
        case APPND:
                if (argc != optind) {
                        for (; optind < argc; optind++)
                                if (ftree_add(argv[optind], 0) < 0)
                                        cpio_usage();
                        break;
                }
                /*
                 * no read errors allowed on updates/append operation!
                 */
                maxflt = 0;
                while ((str = get_line(stdin)) != NULL) {
                        ftree_add(str, 0);
                }
                if (get_line_error) {
                        tty_warn(1, "Problem while reading stdin");
                        cpio_usage();
                }
                break;
        default:
                cpio_usage();
        }
}
#endif

/*
 * printflg()
 *      print out those invalid flag sets found to the user
 */

static void
printflg(unsigned int flg)
{
        int nxt;

        (void)fprintf(stderr,"%s: Invalid combination of options:", argv0);
        while ((nxt = ffs(flg)) != 0) {
                flg &= ~(1 << (nxt - 1));
                (void)fprintf(stderr, " -%c", flgch[nxt - 1]);
        }
        (void)putc('\n', stderr);
}

/*
 * c_frmt()
 *      comparison routine used by bsearch to find the format specified
 *      by the user
 */

static int
c_frmt(const void *a, const void *b)
{
        return strcmp(((const FSUB *)a)->name, ((const FSUB *)b)->name);
}

/*
 * opt_next()
 *      called by format specific options routines to get each format specific
 *      flag and value specified with -o
 * Return:
 *      pointer to next OPLIST entry or NULL (end of list).
 */

OPLIST *
opt_next(void)
{
        OPLIST *opt;

        if ((opt = ophead) != NULL)
                ophead = ophead->fow;
        return opt;
}

/*
 * bad_opt()
 *      generic routine used to complain about a format specific options
 *      when the format does not support options.
 */

int
bad_opt(void)
{
        OPLIST *opt;

        if (ophead == NULL)
                return 0;
        /*
         * print all we were given
         */
        tty_warn(1," These format options are not supported for %s",
            frmt->name);
        while ((opt = opt_next()) != NULL)
                (void)fprintf(stderr, "\t%s = %s\n", opt->name, opt->value);
        if (strcmp(NM_TAR, argv0) == 0)
                tar_usage();
#ifndef NO_CPIO
        else if (strcmp(NM_CPIO, argv0) == 0)
                cpio_usage();
#endif
        else
                pax_usage();
}

/*
 * opt_add()
 *      breaks the value supplied to -o into a option name and value. options
 *      are given to -o in the form -o name-value,name=value
 *      multiple -o may be specified.
 * Return:
 *      0 if format in name=value format, -1 if -o is passed junk
 */

int
opt_add(const char *str)
{
        OPLIST *opt;
        char *frpt;
        char *pt;
        char *endpt;
        char *dstr;

        if ((str == NULL) || (*str == '\0')) {
                tty_warn(0, "Invalid option name");
                return -1;
        }
        if ((dstr = strdup(str)) == NULL) {
                tty_warn(0, "Unable to allocate space for option list");
                return -1;
        }
        frpt = endpt = dstr;

        /*
         * break into name and values pieces and stuff each one into a
         * OPLIST structure. When we know the format, the format specific
         * option function will go through this list
         */
        while ((frpt != NULL) && (*frpt != '\0')) {
                if ((endpt = strchr(frpt, ',')) != NULL)
                        *endpt = '\0';
                if ((pt = strchr(frpt, '=')) == NULL) {
                        tty_warn(0, "Invalid options format");
                        free(dstr);
                        return -1;
                }
                if ((opt = (OPLIST *)malloc(sizeof(OPLIST))) == NULL) {
                        tty_warn(0, "Unable to allocate space for option list");
                        free(dstr);
                        return -1;
                }
                *pt++ = '\0';
                opt->name = frpt;
                opt->value = pt;
                opt->fow = NULL;
                if (endpt != NULL)
                        frpt = endpt + 1;
                else
                        frpt = NULL;
                if (ophead == NULL) {
                        optail = ophead = opt;
                        continue;
                }
                optail->fow = opt;
                optail = opt;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * str_offt()
 *      Convert an expression of the following forms to an off_t > 0.
 *      1) A positive decimal number.
 *      2) A positive decimal number followed by a b (mult by 512).
 *      3) A positive decimal number followed by a k (mult by 1024).
 *      4) A positive decimal number followed by a m (mult by 512).
 *      5) A positive decimal number followed by a w (mult by sizeof int)
 *      6) Two or more positive decimal numbers (with/without k,b or w).
 *         separated by x (also * for backwards compatibility), specifying
 *         the product of the indicated values.
 * Return:
 *      0 for an error, a positive value o.w.
 */

static off_t
str_offt(char *val)
{
        char *expr;
        off_t num, t;

        num = STRTOOFFT(val, &expr, 0);
        if ((num == OFFT_MAX) || (num <= 0) || (expr == val))
                return 0;

        switch(*expr) {
        case 'b':
                t = num;
                num *= 512;
                if (t > num)
                        return 0;
                ++expr;
                break;
        case 'k':
                t = num;
                num *= 1024;
                if (t > num)
                        return 0;
                ++expr;
                break;
        case 'm':
                t = num;
                num *= 1048576;
                if (t > num)
                        return 0;
                ++expr;
                break;
        case 'w':
                t = num;
                num *= sizeof(int);
                if (t > num)
                        return 0;
                ++expr;
                break;
        }

        switch(*expr) {
                case '\0':
                        break;
                case '*':
                case 'x':
                        t = num;
                        num *= str_offt(expr + 1);
                        if (t > num)
                                return 0;
                        break;
                default:
                        return 0;
        }
        return num;
}

static char *
get_line(FILE *f)
{
        char *name, *temp;
        size_t len;

        name = fgetln(f, &len);
        if (!name) {
                get_line_error = ferror(f) ? GETLINE_FILE_CORRUPT : 0;
                return 0;
        }
        if (name[len-1] != '\n')
                len++;
        temp = malloc(len);
        if (!temp) {
                get_line_error = GETLINE_OUT_OF_MEM;
                return 0;
        }
        memcpy(temp, name, len-1);
        temp[len-1] = 0;
        return temp;
}

#ifndef SMALL
/*
 * set_tstamp()
 *      Use a specific timestamp for all individual files created in the
 *      archive
 */
static int
set_tstamp(const char *b, struct stat *st)
{
        time_t when;
        char *eb;
        long long l;

        if (stat(b, st) != -1)
                return 0;

#ifndef HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
        errno = 0;
        if ((when = parsedate(b, NULL, NULL)) == -1 && errno != 0)
#endif
        {
                errno = 0;
                l = strtoll(b, &eb, 0);
                if (b == eb || *eb || errno)
                        return -1;
                when = (time_t)l;
        }

        st->st_ino = 1;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
        st->st_birthtime =
#endif
        st->st_mtime = st->st_ctime = st->st_atime = when;
        return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * no_op()
 *      for those option functions where the archive format has nothing to do.
 * Return:
 *      0
 */

static int
no_op(void)
{
        return 0;
}

/*
 * pax_usage()
 *      print the usage summary to the user
 */

static void
pax_usage(void)
{
        fprintf(stderr,
"usage: pax [-0cdjnvzVO] [-E limit] [-f archive] [-N dbdir] [-s replstr] ...\n"
"           [-U user] ... [-G group] ... [-T [from_date][,to_date]] ...\n"
"           [pattern ...]\n");
        fprintf(stderr,
"       pax -r [-cdijknuvzADOVYZ] [-E limit] [-f archive] [-N dbdir]\n"
"           [-o options] ... [-p string] ... [-s replstr] ... [-U user] ...\n"
"           [-G group] ... [-T [from_date][,to_date]] ... [pattern ...]\n");
        fprintf(stderr,
"       pax -w [-dijtuvzAHLMOPVX] [-b blocksize] [[-a] [-f archive]] [-x format]\n"
"           [-B bytes] [-N dbdir] [-o options] ... [-s replstr] ...\n"
"           [-U user] ... [-G group] ...\n"
"           [-T [from_date][,to_date][/[c][m]]] ... [file ...]\n");
        fprintf(stderr,
"       pax -r -w [-dijklntuvzADHLMOPVXYZ] [-N dbdir] [-p string] ...\n"
"           [-s replstr] ... [-U user] ... [-G group] ...\n"
"           [-T [from_date][,to_date][/[c][m]]] ... [file ...] directory\n");
        exit(1);
        /* NOTREACHED */
}

/*
 * tar_usage()
 *      print the usage summary to the user
 */

static void
tar_usage(void)
{
        (void)fputs("usage: tar [-]{crtux}[-befhjklmopqvwzHJOPSXZ014578] "
                    "[archive] [blocksize]\n"
                    "           [-C directory] [-T file] [-s replstr] "
                    "[file ...]\n", stderr);
        exit(1);
        /* NOTREACHED */
}

#ifndef NO_CPIO
/*
 * cpio_usage()
 *      print the usage summary to the user
 */

static void
cpio_usage(void)
{

        (void)fputs("usage: cpio -o [-aABcLvzZ] [-C bytes] [-F archive] "
                    "[-H format] [-O archive]\n"
                    "               < name-list [> archive]\n"
                    "       cpio -i [-bBcdfmrsStuvzZ6] [-C bytes] [-E file] "
                    "[-F archive] [-H format] \n"
                    "               [-I archive] "
                    "[pattern ...] [< archive]\n"
                    "       cpio -p [-adlLmuv] destination-directory "
                    "< name-list\n", stderr);
        exit(1);
        /* NOTREACHED */
}
#endif