/*      $NetBSD: dir.c,v 1.299 2026/07/03 15:31:34 sjg Exp $    */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Adam de Boor.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1989 by Adam de Boor
 * Copyright (c) 1989 by Berkeley Softworks
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Adam de Boor.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed by the University of
 *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Directory searching using wildcards and/or normal names.
 * Used both for source wildcarding in the makefile and for finding
 * implicit sources.
 *
 * The interface for this module is:
 *      Dir_Init        Initialize the module.
 *
 *      Dir_InitCur     Set the cur CachedDir.
 *
 *      Dir_InitDot     Set the dot CachedDir.
 *
 *      Dir_End         Clean up the module.
 *
 *      Dir_SetPATH     Set ${.PATH} to reflect the state of dirSearchPath.
 *
 *      Dir_HasWildcards
 *                      Returns true if the name given it needs to
 *                      be wildcard-expanded.
 *
 *      ExpandCurly
 *                      Expand a pattern containing braces to a StringList.
 *
 *      SearchPath_Expand
 *                      Expand a filename pattern to find all matching files
 *                      from the search path.
 *
 *      Dir_FindFile    Searches for a file on a given search path.
 *                      If it exists, returns the entire path, otherwise NULL.
 *
 *      Dir_FindHereOrAbove
 *                      Search for a path in the current directory and then
 *                      all the directories above it in turn, until the path
 *                      is found or the root directory ("/") is reached.
 *
 *      Dir_UpdateMTime
 *                      Update the modification time and path of a node with
 *                      data from the file corresponding to the node.
 *
 *      SearchPath_Add  Add a directory to a search path.
 *
 *      SearchPath_ToFlags
 *                      Given a search path and a command flag, create
 *                      a string with each of the directories in the path
 *                      preceded by the command flag and all of them
 *                      separated by a space.
 *
 *      SearchPath_Clear
 *                      Resets a search path to the empty list.
 *
 * For debugging:
 *      Dir_PrintDirectories
 *                      Print stats about the directory cache.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include "make.h"
#include "dir.h"
#include "job.h"

/*      "@(#)dir.c      8.2 (Berkeley) 1/2/94"  */
MAKE_RCSID("$NetBSD: dir.c,v 1.299 2026/07/03 15:31:34 sjg Exp $");

/*
 * A search path is a list of CachedDir structures. A CachedDir has in it the
 * name of the directory and the names of all the files in the directory.
 * This is used to cut down on the number of system calls necessary to find
 * implicit dependents and their like. Since these searches are made before
 * any actions are taken, we need not worry about the directory changing due
 * to creation commands. If this hampers the style of some makefiles, they
 * must be changed.
 *
 * All previously-read directories are kept in openDirs, which is checked
 * first before a directory is opened.
 *
 * This cache is used by the multi-level transformation code in suff.c, which
 * tends to search for far more files than in regular explicit targets. After
 * a directory has been cached, any later changes to that directory are not
 * reflected in the cache. To keep the cache up to date, there are several
 * ideas:
 *
 * 1)   just use stat to test for a file's existence. As mentioned above,
 *      this is very inefficient due to the number of checks performed by
 *      the multi-level transformation code.
 *
 * 2)   use readdir() to search the directories, keeping them open between
 *      checks. Around 1993 or earlier, this didn't slow down the process too
 *      much, but it consumed one file descriptor per open directory, which
 *      was critical on the then-current operating systems, as many limited
 *      the number of open file descriptors to 20 or 32.
 *
 * 3)   record the mtime of the directory in the CachedDir structure and
 *      verify the directory hasn't changed since the contents were cached.
 *      This will catch the creation or deletion of files, but not the
 *      updating of files. However, since it is the creation and deletion
 *      that is the problem, this could be a good thing to do. Unfortunately,
 *      if the directory (say ".") were fairly large and changed fairly
 *      frequently, the constant reloading could seriously degrade
 *      performance. It might be good in such cases to keep track of the
 *      number of reloadings and if the number goes over a (small) limit,
 *      resort to using stat in its place.
 *
 * An additional thing to consider is that make is used primarily to create
 * C programs and until recently (as of 1993 or earlier), pcc-based compilers
 * didn't have an option to specify where the resulting object file should be
 * placed. This forced all objects to be created in the current directory.
 * This isn't meant as a full excuse, just an explanation of some of the
 * reasons for the caching used here.
 *
 * One more note: the location of a target's file is only performed on the
 * downward traversal of the graph and then only for terminal nodes in the
 * graph. This could be construed as wrong in some cases, but prevents
 * inadvertent modification of files when the "installed" directory for a
 * file is provided in the search path.
 *
 * Another data structure maintained by this module is an mtime cache used
 * when the searching of cached directories fails to find a file. In the past,
 * Dir_FindFile would simply perform an access() call in such a case to
 * determine if the file could be found using just the name given. When this
 * hit, however, all that was gained was the knowledge that the file existed.
 * Given that an access() is essentially a stat() without the copyout() call,
 * and that the same filesystem overhead would have to be incurred in
 * Dir_MTime, it made sense to replace the access() with a stat() and record
 * the mtime in a cache for when Dir_UpdateMTime was actually called.
 */


/* A cache for the filenames in a directory. */
struct CachedDir {
        /*
         * Name of the directory, either absolute or relative to the current
         * directory. The name is not normalized in any way, that is, "."
         * and "./." are different.
         *
         * Not sure what happens when .CURDIR is assigned a new value; see
         * Parse_Var.
         */
        char *name;

        /*
         * The number of SearchPaths that refer to this directory.
         * Plus the number of global variables that refer to this directory.
         * References from openDirs do not count though.
         */
        int refCount;

        /* The number of times a file in this directory has been found. */
        int hits;

        /* The names of the directory entries. */
        HashSet files;
};

typedef List CachedDirList;
typedef ListNode CachedDirListNode;

/* A list of cached directories, with fast lookup by directory name. */
typedef struct OpenDirs {
        CachedDirList list;
        HashTable /* of CachedDirListNode */ table;
} OpenDirs;


SearchPath dirSearchPath = { LST_INIT }; /* main search path */

static OpenDirs openDirs;       /* all cached directories */

/*
 * Variables for gathering statistics on the efficiency of the caching
 * mechanism.
 */
static int hits;                /* Found in directory cache */
static int misses;              /* Sad, but not evil misses */
static int nearmisses;          /* Found under search path */
static int bigmisses;           /* Sought by itself */

/* The cached contents of ".", the relative current directory. */
static CachedDir *dot = NULL;
/* The cached contents of the absolute current directory. */
static CachedDir *cur = NULL;
/* A fake path entry indicating we need to look for '.' last. */
static CachedDir *dotLast = NULL;

/*
 * Results of doing a last-resort stat in Dir_FindFile -- if we have to go to
 * the system to find the file, we might as well have its mtime on record.
 *
 * XXX: If this is done way early, there's a chance other rules will have
 * already updated the file, in which case we'll update it again. Generally,
 * there won't be two rules to update a single file, so this should be ok.
 */
static HashTable mtimes;

static HashTable lmtimes;       /* same as mtimes but for lstat */


static void OpenDirs_Remove(OpenDirs *, const char *);


static CachedDir *
CachedDir_New(const char *name)
{
        CachedDir *dir = bmake_malloc(sizeof *dir);

        dir->name = bmake_strdup(name);
        dir->refCount = 0;
        dir->hits = 0;
        HashSet_Init(&dir->files);

#ifdef DEBUG_REFCNT
        DEBUG2(DIR, "CachedDir %p new  for \"%s\"\n", dir, dir->name);
#endif

        return dir;
}

static CachedDir *
CachedDir_Ref(CachedDir *dir)
{
        dir->refCount++;

#ifdef DEBUG_REFCNT
        DEBUG3(DIR, "CachedDir %p ++ %d for \"%s\"\n",
            dir, dir->refCount, dir->name);
#endif

        return dir;
}

static void
CachedDir_Unref(CachedDir *dir)
{
        dir->refCount--;

#ifdef DEBUG_REFCNT
        DEBUG3(DIR, "CachedDir %p -- %d for \"%s\"\n",
            dir, dir->refCount, dir->name);
#endif

        if (dir->refCount > 0)
                return;

#ifdef DEBUG_REFCNT
        DEBUG2(DIR, "CachedDir %p free for \"%s\"\n", dir, dir->name);
#endif

        OpenDirs_Remove(&openDirs, dir->name);

        free(dir->name);
        HashSet_Done(&dir->files);
        free(dir);
}

/* Update the value of 'var', updating the reference counts. */
static void
CachedDir_Assign(CachedDir **var, CachedDir *dir)
{
        CachedDir *prev;

        prev = *var;
        *var = dir;
        if (dir != NULL)
                CachedDir_Ref(dir);
        if (prev != NULL)
                CachedDir_Unref(prev);
}

static void
OpenDirs_Init(OpenDirs *odirs)
{
        Lst_Init(&odirs->list);
        HashTable_Init(&odirs->table);
}

#ifdef CLEANUP
static void
OpenDirs_Done(OpenDirs *odirs)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln = odirs->list.first;
        DEBUG1(DIR, "OpenDirs_Done: %u entries to remove\n",
            odirs->table.numEntries);
        while (ln != NULL) {
                CachedDirListNode *next = ln->next;
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                DEBUG2(DIR, "OpenDirs_Done: refCount %d for \"%s\"\n",
                    dir->refCount, dir->name);
                CachedDir_Unref(dir);   /* removes the dir from odirs->list */
                ln = next;
        }
        Lst_Done(&odirs->list);
        HashTable_Done(&odirs->table);
}
#endif

static CachedDir *
OpenDirs_Find(OpenDirs *odirs, const char *name)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln = HashTable_FindValue(&odirs->table, name);
        return ln != NULL ? ln->datum : NULL;
}

static void
OpenDirs_Add(OpenDirs *odirs, CachedDir *cdir)
{
        if (HashTable_FindEntry(&odirs->table, cdir->name) != NULL)
                return;
        Lst_Append(&odirs->list, cdir);
        HashTable_Set(&odirs->table, cdir->name, odirs->list.last);
}

static void
OpenDirs_Remove(OpenDirs *odirs, const char *name)
{
        HashEntry *he = HashTable_FindEntry(&odirs->table, name);
        CachedDirListNode *ln;
        if (he == NULL)
                return;
        ln = HashEntry_Get(he);
        HashTable_DeleteEntry(&odirs->table, he);
        Lst_Remove(&odirs->list, ln);
}

/*
 * Returns 0 and the result of stat(2) or lstat(2) in *out_cst,
 * or -1 on error.
 */
static int
cached_stats(const char *pathname, struct cached_stat *out_cst,
             bool useLstat, bool forceRefresh)
{
        HashTable *tbl = useLstat ? &lmtimes : &mtimes;
        struct stat sys_st;
        struct cached_stat *cst;
        int rc;

        if (pathname == NULL || pathname[0] == '\0')
                return -1;      /* This can happen in meta mode. */

        cst = HashTable_FindValue(tbl, pathname);
        if (cst != NULL && !forceRefresh) {
                *out_cst = *cst;
                DEBUG2(DIR, "Using cached time %s for %s\n",
                    Targ_FmtTime(cst->cst_mtime), pathname);
                return 0;
        }

        rc = (useLstat ? lstat : stat)(pathname, &sys_st);
        if (rc == -1)
                return -1;      /* don't cache negative lookups */

        if (sys_st.st_mtime == 0)
                sys_st.st_mtime = 1; /* avoid confusion with missing file */

        if (cst == NULL) {
                cst = bmake_malloc(sizeof *cst);
                HashTable_Set(tbl, pathname, cst);
        }

        cst->cst_mtime = sys_st.st_mtime;
        cst->cst_mode = sys_st.st_mode;

        *out_cst = *cst;
        DEBUG2(DIR, "   Caching %s for %s\n",
            Targ_FmtTime(sys_st.st_mtime), pathname);

        return 0;
}

int
cached_stat(const char *pathname, struct cached_stat *cst)
{
        return cached_stats(pathname, cst, false, false);
}

int
cached_lstat(const char *pathname, struct cached_stat *cst)
{
        return cached_stats(pathname, cst, true, false);
}

/* Initialize the directories module. */
void
Dir_Init(void)
{
        OpenDirs_Init(&openDirs);
        HashTable_Init(&mtimes);
        HashTable_Init(&lmtimes);
        CachedDir_Assign(&dotLast, CachedDir_New(".DOTLAST"));
}

/* Called by Dir_InitDir and whenever .CURDIR is assigned to. */
void
Dir_InitCur(const char *newCurdir)
{
        CachedDir *dir;

        if (newCurdir == NULL)
                return;

        /*
         * The build directory is not the same as the source directory.
         * Keep this one around too.
         */
        dir = SearchPath_Add(NULL, newCurdir);
        if (dir == NULL)
                return;

        CachedDir_Assign(&cur, dir);
}

/*
 * (Re)initialize "dot" (the current/object directory).
 * Some directories may be cached.
 */
void
Dir_InitDot(void)
{
        CachedDir *dir;

        dir = SearchPath_Add(NULL, ".");
        if (dir == NULL) {
                Error("Cannot open \".\": %s", strerror(errno));
                exit(2);        /* Not 1 so -q can distinguish error */
        }

        CachedDir_Assign(&dot, dir);

        Dir_SetPATH();          /* initialize */
}

#ifdef CLEANUP
static void
FreeCachedTable(HashTable *tbl)
{
        HashIter hi;
        HashIter_Init(&hi, tbl);
        while (HashIter_Next(&hi))
                free(hi.entry->value);
        HashTable_Done(tbl);
}

/* Clean up the directories module. */
void
Dir_End(void)
{
        CachedDir_Assign(&cur, NULL);
        CachedDir_Assign(&dot, NULL);
        CachedDir_Assign(&dotLast, NULL);
        SearchPath_Clear(&dirSearchPath);
        OpenDirs_Done(&openDirs);
        FreeCachedTable(&mtimes);
        FreeCachedTable(&lmtimes);
}
#endif

/*
 * We want ${.PATH} to indicate the order in which we will actually
 * search, so we rebuild it after any .PATH: target.
 * This is the simplest way to deal with the effect of .DOTLAST.
 */
void
Dir_SetPATH(void)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln;
        bool seenDotLast = false;       /* true if we should search '.' last */

        Global_Delete(".PATH");

        if ((ln = dirSearchPath.dirs.first) != NULL) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                if (dir == dotLast) {
                        seenDotLast = true;
                        Global_Append(".PATH", dotLast->name);
                }
        }

        if (!seenDotLast) {
                if (dot != NULL)
                        Global_Append(".PATH", dot->name);
                if (cur != NULL)
                        Global_Append(".PATH", cur->name);
        }

        for (ln = dirSearchPath.dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                if (dir == dotLast)
                        continue;
                if (dir == dot && seenDotLast)
                        continue;
                Global_Append(".PATH", dir->name);
        }

        if (seenDotLast) {
                if (dot != NULL)
                        Global_Append(".PATH", dot->name);
                if (cur != NULL)
                        Global_Append(".PATH", cur->name);
        }
}


void
Dir_SetSYSPATH(void)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln;
        SearchPath *path = Lst_IsEmpty(&sysIncPath->dirs)
                ? defSysIncPath : sysIncPath;

        Var_ReadOnly(".SYSPATH", false);
        Global_Delete(".SYSPATH");
        for (ln = path->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                Global_Append(".SYSPATH", dir->name);
        }
        Var_ReadOnly(".SYSPATH", true);
}

/*
 * See if the given name has any wildcard characters in it and all braces and
 * brackets are properly balanced.
 *
 * XXX: This code is not 100% correct ([^]] fails etc.). I really don't think
 * that make(1) should be expanding patterns, because then you have to set a
 * mechanism for escaping the expansion!
 */
bool
Dir_HasWildcards(const char *name)
{
        const char *p;
        bool wild = false;
        int braces = 0, brackets = 0;

        for (p = name; *p != '\0'; p++) {
                switch (*p) {
                case '{':
                        braces++;
                        wild = true;
                        break;
                case '}':
                        braces--;
                        break;
                case '[':
                        brackets++;
                        wild = true;
                        break;
                case ']':
                        brackets--;
                        break;
                case '?':
                case '*':
                        wild = true;
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
        return wild && brackets == 0 && braces == 0;
}

/*
 * See if any files as seen from 'dir' match 'pattern', and add their names
 * to 'expansions' if they do.
 *
 * Wildcards are only expanded in the final path component, but not in
 * directories like src/lib*c/file*.c. To expand these wildcards,
 * delegate the work to the shell, using the '!=' variable assignment
 * operator, the ':sh' variable modifier or the ':!...!' variable modifier,
 * such as in ${:!echo src/lib*c/file*.c!}.
 */
static void
DirMatchFiles(const char *pattern, CachedDir *dir, StringList *expansions)
{
        const char *dirName = dir->name;
        bool isDot = dirName[0] == '.' && dirName[1] == '\0';
        HashIter hi;

        /*
         * XXX: Iterating over all hash entries is inefficient.  If the
         * pattern is a plain string without any wildcards, a direct lookup
         * is faster.
         */

        HashIter_InitSet(&hi, &dir->files);
        while (HashIter_Next(&hi)) {
                const char *base = hi.entry->key;
                StrMatchResult res = Str_Match(base, pattern);
                /* TODO: handle errors from res.error */

                if (!res.matched)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Follow the UNIX convention that dot files are only found
                 * if the pattern begins with a dot. The pattern '.*' does
                 * not match '.' or '..' since these are not included in the
                 * directory cache.
                 *
                 * This means that the pattern '[a-z.]*' does not find
                 * '.file', which is consistent with NetBSD sh, NetBSD ksh,
                 * bash, dash, csh and probably many other shells as well.
                 */
                if (base[0] == '.' && pattern[0] != '.')
                        continue;

                {
                        char *fullName = isDot
                            ? bmake_strdup(base)
                            : str_concat3(dirName, "/", base);
                        Lst_Append(expansions, fullName);
                }
        }
}

/* Find the next closing brace in 'p', taking nested braces into account. */
static const char *
closing_brace(const char *p)
{
        int depth = 0;
        while (*p != '\0') {
                if (*p == '}' && depth == 0)
                        break;
                if (*p == '{')
                        depth++;
                if (*p == '}')
                        depth--;
                p++;
        }
        return p;
}

/*
 * Find the next closing brace or comma in the string, taking nested braces
 * into account.
 */
static const char *
separator_comma(const char *p)
{
        int depth = 0;
        while (*p != '\0') {
                if ((*p == '}' || *p == ',') && depth == 0)
                        break;
                if (*p == '{')
                        depth++;
                if (*p == '}')
                        depth--;
                p++;
        }
        return p;
}

static bool
contains_wildcard(const char *p)
{
        for (; *p != '\0'; p++) {
                switch (*p) {
                case '*':
                case '?':
                case '{':
                case '[':
                        return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
}

static char *
concat3(const char *a, size_t a_len, const char *b, size_t b_len,
        const char *c, size_t c_len)
{
        size_t s_len = a_len + b_len + c_len;
        char *s = bmake_malloc(s_len + 1);
        memcpy(s, a, a_len);
        memcpy(s + a_len, b, b_len);
        memcpy(s + a_len + b_len, c, c_len);
        s[s_len] = '\0';
        return s;
}

/*
 * Expand curly braces like the C shell. Brace expansion by itself is purely
 * textual, the expansions are not looked up in the file system. But if an
 * expanded word contains wildcard characters, and path is provided,
 * it is expanded further, matching only the actually existing files.
 *
 * Example: "{a{b,c}}" expands to "ab" and "ac".
 * Example: "{a}" expands to "a".
 * Example: "{a,*.c}" expands to "a" and all "*.c" files that exist.
 *
 * Input:
 *      word            Entire word to expand
 *      brace           First curly brace in it
 *      path            Search path to use (NULL to skip wildcard expansion)
 *      expansions      Place to store the expansions
 */
void
ExpandCurly(const char *word, const char *brace, SearchPath *path,
               StringList *expansions)
{
        const char *prefix, *middle, *piece, *middle_end, *suffix;
        size_t prefix_len, suffix_len;

        /* Split the word into prefix, '{', middle, '}' and suffix. */

        middle = brace + 1;
        middle_end = closing_brace(middle);
        if (*middle_end == '\0') {
                Error("Unterminated {} clause \"%s\"", middle);
                return;
        }

        prefix = word;
        prefix_len = (size_t)(brace - prefix);
        suffix = middle_end + 1;
        suffix_len = strlen(suffix);

        /* Split the middle into pieces, separated by commas. */

        piece = middle;
        while (piece < middle_end + 1) {
                const char *piece_end = separator_comma(piece);
                size_t piece_len = (size_t)(piece_end - piece);

                char *file = concat3(prefix, prefix_len, piece, piece_len,
                    suffix, suffix_len);

                if (path != NULL && contains_wildcard(file)) {
                        SearchPath_Expand(path, file, expansions);
                        free(file);
                } else {
                        Lst_Append(expansions, file);
                }

                /* skip over the comma or closing brace */
                piece = piece_end + 1;
        }
}


/* Expand 'pattern' in each of the directories from 'path'. */
static void
DirExpandPath(const char *pattern, SearchPath *path, StringList *expansions)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln;
        for (ln = path->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                DirMatchFiles(pattern, dir, expansions);
        }
}

static void
PrintExpansions(StringList *expansions)
{
        const char *sep = "";
        StringListNode *ln;
        for (ln = expansions->first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                const char *word = ln->datum;
                debug_printf("%s%s", sep, word);
                sep = " ";
        }
        debug_printf("\n");
}

/*
 * The wildcard isn't in the first component.
 * Find all the components up to the one with the wildcard.
 */
static void
SearchPath_ExpandMiddle(SearchPath *path, const char *pattern,
                        const char *wildcardComponent, StringList *expansions)
{
        char *prefix, *dirpath, *end;
        SearchPath *partPath;

        prefix = bmake_strsedup(pattern, wildcardComponent + 1);
        /*
         * XXX: Only the first match of the prefix in the path is
         * taken, any others are ignored.  The expectation may be
         * that the pattern is expanded in the whole path.
         */
        dirpath = Dir_FindFile(prefix, path);
        free(prefix);

        /*
         * dirpath is null if can't find the leading component
         *
         * XXX: Dir_FindFile won't find internal components.  i.e. if the
         * path contains ../Etc/Object and we're looking for Etc, it won't
         * be found.  Ah well.  Probably not important.
         *
         * TODO: Check whether the above comment is still true.
         */
        if (dirpath == NULL)
                return;

        end = &dirpath[strlen(dirpath) - 1];
        /* XXX: What about multiple trailing slashes? */
        if (*end == '/')
                *end = '\0';

        partPath = SearchPath_New();
        (void)SearchPath_Add(partPath, dirpath);
        DirExpandPath(wildcardComponent + 1, partPath, expansions);
        SearchPath_Free(partPath);
        free(dirpath);
}

/*
 * Expand the given pattern into a list of existing filenames by globbing it,
 * looking in each directory from the search path.
 *
 * Input:
 *      path            the directories in which to find the files
 *      pattern         the pattern to expand
 *      expansions      the list on which to place the results
 */
void
SearchPath_Expand(SearchPath *path, const char *pattern, StringList *expansions)
{
        const char *brace, *slash, *wildcard, *wildcardComponent;

        assert(path != NULL);
        assert(expansions != NULL);

        DEBUG1(DIR, "Expanding \"%s\"... ", pattern);

        brace = strchr(pattern, '{');
        if (brace != NULL) {
                ExpandCurly(pattern, brace, path, expansions);
                goto done;
        }

        slash = strchr(pattern, '/');
        if (slash == NULL) {
                DirMatchFiles(pattern, dot, expansions);
                DirExpandPath(pattern, path, expansions);
                goto done;
        }

        /* At this point, the pattern has a directory component. */

        /* Find the first wildcard in the pattern. */
        for (wildcard = pattern; *wildcard != '\0'; wildcard++)
                if (*wildcard == '?' || *wildcard == '[' || *wildcard == '*')
                        break;

        if (*wildcard == '\0') {
                /*
                 * No directory component and no wildcard at all -- this
                 * should never happen as in such a simple case there is no
                 * need to expand anything.
                 */
                DirExpandPath(pattern, path, expansions);
                goto done;
        }

        /* Back up to the start of the component containing the wildcard. */
        /* XXX: This handles '///' and '/' differently. */
        wildcardComponent = wildcard;
        while (wildcardComponent > pattern && *wildcardComponent != '/')
                wildcardComponent--;

        if (wildcardComponent == pattern) {
                /* The first component contains the wildcard. */
                /* Start the search from the local directory */
                DirExpandPath(pattern, path, expansions);
        } else {
                SearchPath_ExpandMiddle(path, pattern, wildcardComponent,
                    expansions);
        }

done:
        if (DEBUG(DIR))
                PrintExpansions(expansions);
}

/*
 * Find if 'base' exists in 'dir'.
 * Return the freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL.
 */
static char *
DirLookup(CachedDir *dir, const char *base)
{
        char *file;

        DEBUG1(DIR, "   %s ...\n", dir->name);

        if (!HashSet_Contains(&dir->files, base))
                return NULL;

        file = str_concat3(dir->name, "/", base);
        DEBUG1(DIR, "   returning %s\n", file);
        dir->hits++;
        hits++;
        return file;
}


/*
 * Find if 'name' exists in 'dir'.
 * Return the freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL.
 */
static char *
DirLookupSubdir(CachedDir *dir, const char *name)
{
        struct cached_stat cst;
        char *file = dir == dot
            ? bmake_strdup(name)
            : str_concat3(dir->name, "/", name);

        DEBUG1(DIR, "checking %s ...\n", file);

        if (cached_stat(file, &cst) == 0) {
                nearmisses++;
                return file;
        }
        free(file);
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * Find if 'name' (which has basename 'base') exists in 'dir'.
 * Return the freshly allocated path to the file, an empty string, or NULL.
 * Returning an empty string means that the search should be terminated.
 */
static char *
DirLookupAbs(CachedDir *dir, const char *name, const char *base)
{
        const char *dnp;        /* pointer into dir->name */
        const char *np;         /* pointer into name */

        DEBUG1(DIR, "   %s ...\n", dir->name);

        /*
         * If the file has a leading path component and that component
         * exactly matches the entire name of the current search
         * directory, we can attempt another cache lookup. And if we don't
         * have a hit, we can safely assume the file does not exist at all.
         */
        for (dnp = dir->name, np = name;
             *dnp != '\0' && *dnp == *np; dnp++, np++)
                continue;
        if (*dnp != '\0' || np != base - 1)
                return NULL;

        if (!HashSet_Contains(&dir->files, base)) {
                DEBUG0(DIR, "   must be here but isn't -- returning\n");
                return bmake_strdup("");        /* to terminate the search */
        }

        dir->hits++;
        hits++;
        DEBUG1(DIR, "   returning %s\n", name);
        return bmake_strdup(name);
}

/*
 * Find the given file in "." or curdir.
 * Return the freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL.
 */
static char *
DirFindDot(const char *name, const char *base)
{

        if (HashSet_Contains(&dot->files, base)) {
                DEBUG0(DIR, "   in '.'\n");
                hits++;
                dot->hits++;
                return bmake_strdup(name);
        }

        if (cur != NULL && HashSet_Contains(&cur->files, base)) {
                DEBUG1(DIR, "   in ${.CURDIR} = %s\n", cur->name);
                hits++;
                cur->hits++;
                return str_concat3(cur->name, "/", base);
        }

        return NULL;
}

static bool
FindFileRelative(SearchPath *path, bool seenDotLast,
                 const char *name, char **out_file)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln;
        bool checkedDot = false;
        char *file;

        DEBUG0(DIR, "   Trying subdirectories...\n");

        if (!seenDotLast) {
                if (dot != NULL) {
                        checkedDot = true;
                        if ((file = DirLookupSubdir(dot, name)) != NULL)
                                goto done;
                }
                if (cur != NULL &&
                    (file = DirLookupSubdir(cur, name)) != NULL)
                        goto done;
        }

        for (ln = path->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                if (dir == dotLast)
                        continue;
                if (dir == dot) {
                        if (checkedDot)
                                continue;
                        checkedDot = true;
                }
                if ((file = DirLookupSubdir(dir, name)) != NULL)
                        goto done;
        }

        if (seenDotLast) {
                if (dot != NULL && !checkedDot) {
                        checkedDot = true;
                        if ((file = DirLookupSubdir(dot, name)) != NULL)
                                goto done;
                }
                if (cur != NULL &&
                    (file = DirLookupSubdir(cur, name)) != NULL)
                        goto done;
        }

        if (checkedDot) {
                /*
                 * Already checked by the given name, since . was in
                 * the path, so no point in proceeding.
                 */
                DEBUG0(DIR, "   Checked . already, returning NULL\n");
                file = NULL;
                goto done;
        }

        return false;

done:
        *out_file = file;
        return true;
}

static bool
FindFileAbsolute(SearchPath *path, bool seenDotLast,
                 const char *name, const char *base, char **out_file)
{
        char *file;
        CachedDirListNode *ln;

        DEBUG0(DIR, "   Trying exact path matches...\n");

        if (!seenDotLast && cur != NULL &&
            (file = DirLookupAbs(cur, name, base)) != NULL)
                goto found;

        for (ln = path->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                if (dir == dotLast)
                        continue;
                if ((file = DirLookupAbs(dir, name, base)) != NULL)
                        goto found;
        }

        if (seenDotLast && cur != NULL &&
            (file = DirLookupAbs(cur, name, base)) != NULL)
                goto found;

        return false;

found:
        if (file[0] == '\0') {
                free(file);
                file = NULL;
        }
        *out_file = file;
        return true;
}

/*
 * Find the file with the given name along the given search path.
 *
 * Input:
 *      name            the file to find
 *      path            the directories to search, or NULL
 *      isinclude       if true, do not search .CURDIR at all
 *
 * Results:
 *      The freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL.
 */
static char *
FindFile(const char *name, SearchPath *path, bool isinclude)
{
        char *file;             /* the current filename to check */
        bool seenDotLast = isinclude; /* true if we should search dot last */
        struct cached_stat cst;
        const char *trailing_dot = ".";
        const char *base = str_basename(name);

        DEBUG1(DIR, "Searching for %s ...", name);

        if (path == NULL) {
                DEBUG0(DIR, "couldn't open path, file not found\n");
                misses++;
                return NULL;
        }

        if (!seenDotLast && path->dirs.first != NULL) {
                CachedDir *dir = path->dirs.first->datum;
                if (dir == dotLast) {
                        seenDotLast = true;
                        DEBUG0(DIR, "[dot last]...");
                }
        }
        DEBUG0(DIR, "\n");

        /*
         * If there's no leading directory components or if the leading
         * directory component is exactly `./', consult the cached contents
         * of each of the directories on the search path.
         */
        if (base == name || (base - name == 2 && *name == '.')) {
                CachedDirListNode *ln;

                /*
                 * Look through all the directories on the path seeking one
                 * which contains the final component of the given name.  If
                 * such a file is found, return its pathname.
                 * If there is no such file, go on to phase two.
                 *
                 * No matter what, always look for the file in the current
                 * directory before anywhere else (unless the path contains
                 * the magic '.DOTLAST', in which case search it last).
                 * This is so there are no conflicts between what the user
                 * specifies (fish.c) and what make finds (./fish.c).
                 */
                if (!seenDotLast && (file = DirFindDot(name, base)) != NULL)
                        return file;

                for (ln = path->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                        CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                        if (dir == dotLast)
                                continue;
                        if ((file = DirLookup(dir, base)) != NULL)
                                return file;
                }

                if (seenDotLast && (file = DirFindDot(name, base)) != NULL)
                        return file;
        }

        if (base == name) {
                DEBUG0(DIR, "   failed.\n");
                misses++;
                return NULL;
        }

        if (*base == '\0')
                base = trailing_dot;    /* we were given a trailing "/" */

        if (name[0] != '/') {
                if (FindFileRelative(path, seenDotLast, name, &file))
                        return file;
        } else {
                if (FindFileAbsolute(path, seenDotLast, name, base, &file))
                        return file;
        }

        /*
         * We cannot add the directory onto the search path because
         * of this amusing case:
         * $(INSTALLDIR)/$(FILE): $(FILE)
         *
         * $(FILE) exists in $(INSTALLDIR) but not in the current one.
         * When searching for $(FILE), we will find it in $(INSTALLDIR)
         * b/c we added it here. This is not good...
         */

        DEBUG1(DIR, "   Looking for \"%s\" ...\n", name);

        bigmisses++;
        if (cached_stat(name, &cst) == 0)
                return bmake_strdup(name);

        DEBUG0(DIR, "   failed. Returning NULL\n");
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * Find the file with the given name along the given search path.
 *
 * Input:
 *      name            the file to find
 *      path            the directories to search, or NULL
 *
 * Results:
 *      The freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL.
 */
char *
Dir_FindFile(const char *name, SearchPath *path)
{
        return FindFile(name, path, false);
}

/*
 * Find the include file with the given name along the given search path.
 *
 * Input:
 *      name            the file to find
 *      path            the directories to search, or NULL
 *
 * Results:
 *      The freshly allocated path to the file, or NULL.
 */
char *
Dir_FindInclude(const char *name, SearchPath *path)
{
        return FindFile(name, path, true);
}


/*
 * Search for 'needle' starting at the directory 'here' and then working our
 * way up towards the root directory. Return the allocated path, or NULL.
 */
char *
Dir_FindHereOrAbove(const char *here, const char *needle)
{
        struct cached_stat cst;
        char *dirbase, *dirbase_end;
        char *try, *try_end;

        dirbase = bmake_strdup(here);
        dirbase_end = dirbase + strlen(dirbase);

        for (;;) {
                try = str_concat3(dirbase, "/", needle);
                if (cached_stat(try, &cst) != -1) {
                        if ((cst.cst_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFDIR) {
                                /*
                                 * Chop off the filename, to return a
                                 * directory.
                                 */
                                try_end = try + strlen(try);
                                while (try_end > try && *try_end != '/')
                                        try_end--;
                                if (try_end > try)
                                        *try_end = '\0';        /* chop! */
                        }

                        free(dirbase);
                        return try;
                }
                free(try);

                if (dirbase_end == dirbase)
                        break;  /* failed! */

                /* Truncate dirbase from the end to move up a dir. */
                while (dirbase_end > dirbase && *dirbase_end != '/')
                        dirbase_end--;
                *dirbase_end = '\0';    /* chop! */
        }

        free(dirbase);
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * This is an implied source, and it may have moved,
 * see if we can find it via the current .PATH
 */
static char *
ResolveMovedDepends(GNode *gn)
{
        char *fullName;

        const char *base = str_basename(gn->name);
        if (base == gn->name)
                return NULL;

        fullName = Dir_FindFile(base, Suff_FindPath(gn));
        if (fullName == NULL)
                return NULL;

        /*
         * Put the found file in gn->path so that we give that to the compiler.
         */
        /*
         * XXX: Better just reset gn->path to NULL; updating it is already done
         * by Dir_UpdateMTime.
         */
        gn->path = bmake_strdup(fullName);
        if (!Job_RunTarget(".STALE", gn->fname))
                fprintf(stdout, /* XXX: Why stdout? */
                    "%s: %s:%u: ignoring stale %s for %s, found %s\n",
                    progname, gn->fname, gn->lineno,
                    makeDependfile, gn->name, fullName);

        return fullName;
}

static char *
ResolveFullName(GNode *gn)
{
        char *fullName;

        fullName = gn->path;
        if (fullName == NULL && !(gn->type & OP_NOPATH)) {

                fullName = Dir_FindFile(gn->name, Suff_FindPath(gn));

                if (fullName == NULL && gn->flags.fromDepend &&
                    !Lst_IsEmpty(&gn->implicitParents))
                        fullName = ResolveMovedDepends(gn);

                DEBUG2(DIR, "Found '%s' as '%s'\n",
                    gn->name, fullName != NULL ? fullName : "(not found)");
        }

        if (fullName == NULL)
                fullName = bmake_strdup(gn->name);

        /* XXX: Is every piece of memory freed as it should? */

        return fullName;
}

/*
 * Search 'gn' along 'dirSearchPath' and store its modification time in
 * 'gn->mtime'. If no file is found, store 0 instead.
 *
 * The found file is stored in 'gn->path', unless the node already had a path.
 */
void
Dir_UpdateMTime(GNode *gn, bool forceRefresh)
{
        char *fullName;
        struct cached_stat cst;

        if (gn->type & OP_ARCHV) {
                Arch_UpdateMTime(gn);
                return;
        }

        if (gn->type & OP_PHONY) {
                gn->mtime = 0;
                return;
        }

        fullName = ResolveFullName(gn);

        if (cached_stats(fullName, &cst, false, forceRefresh) < 0) {
                if (gn->type & OP_MEMBER) {
                        if (fullName != gn->path)
                                free(fullName);
                        Arch_UpdateMemberMTime(gn);
                        return;
                }

                cst.cst_mtime = 0;
        }

        if (fullName != NULL && gn->path == NULL)
                gn->path = fullName;
        /* XXX: else free(fullName)? */

        gn->mtime = cst.cst_mtime;
}

/*
 * Read the directory and add it to the cache in openDirs.
 * If a path is given, add the directory to that path as well.
 */
static CachedDir *
CacheNewDir(const char *name, SearchPath *path)
{
        CachedDir *dir = NULL;
        DIR *d;
        struct dirent *dp;

        if ((d = opendir(name)) == NULL) {
                DEBUG1(DIR, "Caching %s ... not found\n", name);
                return dir;
        }

        DEBUG1(DIR, "Caching %s ...\n", name);

        dir = CachedDir_New(name);

        while ((dp = readdir(d)) != NULL) {

#if defined(sun) && defined(d_ino) /* d_ino is a sunos4 #define for d_fileno */
                /*
                 * The sun directory library doesn't check for a 0 inode
                 * (0-inode slots just take up space), so we have to do
                 * it ourselves.
                 */
                if (dp->d_fileno == 0)
                        continue;
#endif /* sun && d_ino */

                (void)HashSet_Add(&dir->files, dp->d_name);
        }
        (void)closedir(d);

        OpenDirs_Add(&openDirs, dir);
        if (path != NULL)
                Lst_Append(&path->dirs, CachedDir_Ref(dir));

        DEBUG1(DIR, "Caching %s done\n", name);
        return dir;
}

/*
 * Read the list of filenames in the directory 'name' and store the result
 * in 'openDirs'.
 *
 * If a search path is given, append the directory to that path.
 *
 * Input:
 *      path            The path to which the directory should be
 *                      added, or NULL to only add the directory to openDirs.
 *      name            The name of the directory to add.
 *                      The name is not normalized in any way.
 * Output:
 *      result          If no path is given and the directory exists, the
 *                      returned CachedDir has a reference count of 0.  It
 *                      must either be assigned to a variable using
 *                      CachedDir_Assign or be appended to a SearchPath using
 *                      Lst_Append and CachedDir_Ref.
 */
CachedDir *
SearchPath_Add(SearchPath *path, const char *name)
{

        if (path != NULL && strcmp(name, ".DOTLAST") == 0) {
                CachedDirListNode *ln;

                /* XXX: Linear search gets slow with thousands of entries. */
                for (ln = path->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                        CachedDir *pathDir = ln->datum;
                        if (strcmp(pathDir->name, name) == 0)
                                return pathDir;
                }

                Lst_Prepend(&path->dirs, CachedDir_Ref(dotLast));
        }

        if (path != NULL) {
                /* XXX: Why is OpenDirs only checked if path != NULL? */
                CachedDir *dir = OpenDirs_Find(&openDirs, name);
                if (dir != NULL) {
                        if (Lst_FindDatum(&path->dirs, dir) == NULL)
                                Lst_Append(&path->dirs, CachedDir_Ref(dir));
                        return dir;
                }
        }

        return CacheNewDir(name, path);
}

/*
 * Return a copy of dirSearchPath, incrementing the reference counts for
 * the contained directories.
 */
SearchPath *
Dir_CopyDirSearchPath(void)
{
        SearchPath *path = SearchPath_New();
        CachedDirListNode *ln;
        for (ln = dirSearchPath.dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                Lst_Append(&path->dirs, CachedDir_Ref(dir));
        }
        return path;
}

/*
 * Make a string by taking all the directories in the given search path and
 * preceding them by the given flag. Used by the suffix module to create
 * variables for compilers based on suffix search paths. Note that there is no
 * space between the given flag and each directory.
 */
char *
SearchPath_ToFlags(SearchPath *path, const char *flag)
{
        Buffer buf;
        CachedDirListNode *ln;

        Buf_Init(&buf);

        if (path != NULL) {
                for (ln = path->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                        CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                        Buf_AddStr(&buf, " ");
                        Buf_AddStr(&buf, flag);
                        Buf_AddStr(&buf, dir->name);
                }
        }

        return Buf_DoneData(&buf);
}

/* Free the search path and all directories mentioned in it. */
void
SearchPath_Free(SearchPath *path)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln;

        for (ln = path->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                CachedDir_Unref(dir);
        }
        Lst_Done(&path->dirs);
        free(path);
}

/*
 * Clear out all elements from the given search path.
 * The path is set to the empty list but is not destroyed.
 */
void
SearchPath_Clear(SearchPath *path)
{
        while (!Lst_IsEmpty(&path->dirs)) {
                CachedDir *dir = Lst_Dequeue(&path->dirs);
                CachedDir_Unref(dir);
        }
}


/*
 * Concatenate two paths, adding the second to the end of the first,
 * skipping duplicates.
 */
void
SearchPath_AddAll(SearchPath *dst, SearchPath *src)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln;

        for (ln = src->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                if (Lst_FindDatum(&dst->dirs, dir) == NULL)
                        Lst_Append(&dst->dirs, CachedDir_Ref(dir));
        }
}

static int
percentage(int num, int den)
{
        return den != 0 ? num * 100 / den : 0;
}

void
Dir_PrintDirectories(void)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln;

        debug_printf("#*** Directory Cache:\n");
        debug_printf(
            "# Stats: %d hits %d misses %d near misses %d losers (%d%%)\n",
            hits, misses, nearmisses, bigmisses,
            percentage(hits, hits + bigmisses + nearmisses));
        debug_printf("#  refs  hits  directory\n");

        for (ln = openDirs.list.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                debug_printf("#  %4d  %4d  %s\n",
                    dir->refCount, dir->hits, dir->name);
        }
}

void
SearchPath_Print(const SearchPath *path)
{
        CachedDirListNode *ln;

        for (ln = path->dirs.first; ln != NULL; ln = ln->next) {
                const CachedDir *dir = ln->datum;
                debug_printf("%s ", dir->name);
        }
}