/*      $NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.55 2025/05/15 19:11:44 nia Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2002-2011 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by Andrew Brown.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
#include "nbtool_config.h"
/* config checked libc, we need the prototype as well */
#undef HAVE_DEVNAME
#endif

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#if !defined(lint)
__RCSID("$NetBSD: stat.c,v 1.55 2025/05/15 19:11:44 nia Exp $");
#endif

#if ! HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
#define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS 1
#define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN 1
#define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME 1
#define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMENSEC 1
#define HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC 1
#define HAVE_DEVNAME 1
#endif /* HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS && !HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
#include <util.h>
#endif
#include <vis.h>

#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
#define DEF_F "%#Xf "
#define RAW_F "%f "
#define SHELL_F " st_flags=%f"
#else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
#define DEF_F
#define RAW_F
#define SHELL_F
#endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */

#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
#define DEF_B "\"%SB\" "
#define RAW_B "%B "
#define SHELL_B "st_birthtime=%SB "
#define LINUX_B "%n Birth: %SB"
#else /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
#define DEF_B
#define RAW_B
#define SHELL_B
#define LINUX_B
#endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */

#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM
#define st_atimespec st_atim
#define st_ctimespec st_ctim
#define st_mtimespec st_mtim
#endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_ATIM */

#define DEF_FORMAT \
        "%d %i %Sp %l %Su %Sg %r %z \"%Sa\" \"%Sm\" \"%Sc\" " DEF_B \
        "%k %b " DEF_F "%N"
#define RAW_FORMAT      "%d %i %#p %l %u %g %r %z %a %m %c " RAW_B \
        "%k %b " RAW_F "%N"
#define LS_FORMAT       "%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY"
#define LSF_FORMAT      "%Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%T%SY"
#define SHELL_FORMAT \
        "st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l " \
        "st_uid=%u st_gid=%g st_rdev=%r st_size=%z " \
        "st_atime=%Sa st_mtime=%Sm st_ctime=%Sc " SHELL_B \
        "st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b" SHELL_F
#define LINUX_FORMAT \
        "  File: \"%N\"%n" \
        "  Size: %-11z  Blocks: %-11b  IO Block: %-11k  %HT%n" \
        "Device: %Hd,%Ld   Inode: %i    Links: %l%n" \
        "  Mode: (%Mp%03OLp/%.10Sp)         Uid: (%5u/%8Su)  Gid: (%5g/%8Sg)%n" \
        "Access: %Sa%n" \
        "Modify: %Sm%n" \
        "Change: %Sc" \
        LINUX_B

#define TIME_FORMAT     "%b %e %T %Y"

#define FLAG_POUND      0x01
#define FLAG_SPACE      0x02
#define FLAG_PLUS       0x04
#define FLAG_ZERO       0x08
#define FLAG_MINUS      0x10

/*
 * These format characters must all be unique, except the magic one.
 */
#define FMT_MAGIC       '%'
#define FMT_DOT         '.'

#define SIMPLE_NEWLINE  'n'
#define SIMPLE_TAB      't'
#define SIMPLE_PERCENT  '%'
#define SIMPLE_NUMBER   '@'

#define FMT_POUND       '#'
#define FMT_SPACE       ' '
#define FMT_PLUS        '+'
#define FMT_ZERO        '0'
#define FMT_MINUS       '-'

#define FMT_DECIMAL     'D'
#define FMT_OCTAL       'O'
#define FMT_UNSIGNED    'U'
#define FMT_HEX         'X'
#define FMT_FLOAT       'F'
#define FMT_STRING      'S'

#define FMTF_DECIMAL    0x01
#define FMTF_OCTAL      0x02
#define FMTF_UNSIGNED   0x04
#define FMTF_HEX        0x08
#define FMTF_FLOAT      0x10
#define FMTF_STRING     0x20

#define HIGH_PIECE      'H'
#define MIDDLE_PIECE    'M'
#define LOW_PIECE       'L'

#define SHOW_realpath   'R'
#define SHOW_st_dev     'd'
#define SHOW_st_ino     'i'
#define SHOW_st_mode    'p'
#define SHOW_st_nlink   'l'
#define SHOW_st_uid     'u'
#define SHOW_st_gid     'g'
#define SHOW_st_rdev    'r'
#define SHOW_st_atime   'a'
#define SHOW_st_mtime   'm'
#define SHOW_st_ctime   'c'
#define SHOW_st_btime   'B'
#define SHOW_st_size    'z'
#define SHOW_st_blocks  'b'
#define SHOW_st_blksize 'k'
#define SHOW_st_flags   'f'
#define SHOW_st_gen     'v'
#define SHOW_symlink    'Y'
#define SHOW_filetype   'T'
#define SHOW_filename   'N'
#define SHOW_sizerdev   'Z'

static void     usage(const char *) __dead;
static void     output(const struct stat *, const char *,
            const char *, int, int, int);
static int      format1(const struct stat *,    /* stat info */
            const char *,               /* the file name */
            const char *, int,          /* the format string itself */
            char *, size_t,             /* a place to put the output */
            int, int, int, int,         /* the parsed format */
            int, int, int);

static const char *timefmt;
static int linkfail;

#define addchar(s, c, nl) \
        do { \
                (void)fputc((c), (s)); \
                (*nl) = ((c) == '\n'); \
        } while (0/*CONSTCOND*/)

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        struct stat st;
        int ch, rc, errs, am_readlink;
        int lsF, fmtchar, usestat, fn, nonl, quiet;
        const char *statfmt, *options, *synopsis;

        am_readlink = 0;
        lsF = 0;
        fmtchar = '\0';
        usestat = 0;
        nonl = 0;
        quiet = 0;
        linkfail = 0;
        statfmt = NULL;
        timefmt = NULL;

        setprogname(argv[0]);

        if (strcmp(getprogname(), "readlink") == 0) {
                am_readlink = 1;
                options = "fnqsv";
                synopsis = "[-fnqsv] file ...";
                statfmt = "%Y";
                fmtchar = 'f';
                if (getenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT") == NULL)
                        quiet = 1;
        } else {
                options = "f:FlLnqrst:x";
                synopsis = "[-FlLnqrsx] [-f format] [-t timefmt] [file ...]";
        }

        while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, options)) != -1)
                switch (ch) {
                case 'F':
                        lsF = 1;
                        break;
                case 'L':
                        usestat = 1;
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        nonl = 1;
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        quiet = 1;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        if (am_readlink) {
                                statfmt = "%R";
                                break;
                        }
                        statfmt = optarg;
                        /* FALLTHROUGH */
                case 'l':
                case 'r':
                case 's':
                        if (am_readlink) {
                                quiet = 1;
                                break;
                        }
                        /*FALLTHROUGH*/
                case 'x':
                        if (fmtchar != 0)
                                errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with '%c'",
                                    fmtchar, ch);
                        fmtchar = ch;
                        break;
                case 't':
                        timefmt = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        quiet = 0;
                        break;
                default:
                        usage(synopsis);
                }

        argc -= optind;
        argv += optind;
        fn = 1;

        if (am_readlink && argc == 0)
                usage(synopsis);

        if (fmtchar == '\0') {
                if (lsF)
                        fmtchar = 'l';
                else {
                        fmtchar = 'f';
                        statfmt = DEF_FORMAT;
                }
        }

        if (lsF && fmtchar != 'l')
                errx(1, "can't use format '%c' with -F", fmtchar);

        switch (fmtchar) {
        case 'f':
                /* statfmt already set */
                break;
        case 'l':
                statfmt = lsF ? LSF_FORMAT : LS_FORMAT;
                break;
        case 'r':
                statfmt = RAW_FORMAT;
                break;
        case 's':
                statfmt = SHELL_FORMAT;
                if (timefmt == NULL)
                        timefmt = "%s";
                break;
        case 'x':
                statfmt = LINUX_FORMAT;
                if (timefmt == NULL)
                        timefmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f %z";
                break;
        default:
                usage(synopsis);
                /*NOTREACHED*/
        }

        if (timefmt == NULL)
                timefmt = TIME_FORMAT;

        errs = 0;
        do {
                if (argc == 0) {
                        fn = 0;
                        rc = fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st);
                } else if (usestat) {
                        /*
                         * Try stat() and if it fails, fall back to
                         * lstat() just in case we're examining a
                         * broken symlink.
                         */
                        if ((rc = stat(argv[0], &st)) == -1 &&
                            errno == ENOENT &&
                            (rc = lstat(argv[0], &st)) == -1)
                                errno = ENOENT;
                } else
                        rc = lstat(argv[0], &st);

                if (rc == -1) {
                        errs = 1;
                        linkfail = 1;
                        if (!quiet) {
                                if (argc == 0)
                                        warn("%s: %s",
                                            "(stdin)", "fstat");
                                else
                                        warn("%s: %s", argv[0],
                                            usestat ? "stat" : "lstat");
                        }
                } else if (am_readlink && statfmt[1] == 'Y' &&
                    (st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFLNK) {
                        linkfail = 1;
                        if (!quiet)
                                warnx("%s: Not a symbolic link", argv[0]);
                } else
                        output(&st, argv[0], statfmt, fn, nonl, quiet);

                argv++;
                argc--;
                fn++;
        } while (argc > 0);

        return (am_readlink ? linkfail : errs);
}

static void
usage(const char *synopsis)
{

        (void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", getprogname(), synopsis);
        exit(1);
}

/* 
 * Parses a format string.
 */
static void
output(const struct stat *st, const char *file,
    const char *statfmt, int fn, int nonl, int quiet)
{
        int flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what;
        /*
         * buf size is enough for an item of length PATH_MAX,
         * multiplied by 4 for vis encoding, plus 4 for symlink
         * " -> " prefix, plus 1 for \0 terminator.
         */
        char buf[PATH_MAX * 4 + 4 + 1];
        const char *subfmt;
        int nl, t, i;

        nl = 1;
        while (*statfmt != '\0') {

                /*
                 * Non-format characters go straight out.
                 */
                if (*statfmt != FMT_MAGIC) {
                        addchar(stdout, *statfmt, &nl);
                        statfmt++;
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * The current format "substring" starts here,
                 * and then we skip the magic.
                 */
                subfmt = statfmt;
                statfmt++;

                /*
                 * Some simple one-character "formats".
                 */
                switch (*statfmt) {
                case SIMPLE_NEWLINE:
                        addchar(stdout, '\n', &nl);
                        statfmt++;
                        continue;
                case SIMPLE_TAB:
                        addchar(stdout, '\t', &nl);
                        statfmt++;
                        continue;
                case SIMPLE_PERCENT:
                        addchar(stdout, '%', &nl);
                        statfmt++;
                        continue;
                case SIMPLE_NUMBER: {
                        char num[12], *p;

                        snprintf(num, sizeof(num), "%d", fn);
                        for (p = &num[0]; *p; p++)
                                addchar(stdout, *p, &nl);
                        statfmt++;
                        continue;
                }
                }

                /*
                 * This must be an actual format string.  Format strings are
                 * similar to printf(3) formats up to a point, and are of
                 * the form:
                 *
                 *      %       required start of format
                 *      [-# +0] opt. format characters
                 *      size    opt. field width
                 *      .       opt. decimal separator, followed by
                 *      prec    opt. precision
                 *      fmt     opt. output specifier (string, numeric, etc.)
                 *      sub     opt. sub field specifier (high, middle, low)
                 *      datum   required field specifier (size, mode, etc)
                 *
                 * Only the % and the datum selector are required.  All data
                 * have reasonable default output forms.  The "sub" specifier
                 * only applies to certain data (mode, dev, rdev, filetype).
                 * The symlink output defaults to STRING, yet will only emit
                 * the leading " -> " if STRING is explicitly specified.  The
                 * sizerdev datum will generate rdev output for character or
                 * block devices, and size output for all others.
                 * For STRING output, the # format requests vis encoding.
                 */
                flags = 0;
                do {
                        if      (*statfmt == FMT_POUND)
                                flags |= FLAG_POUND;
                        else if (*statfmt == FMT_SPACE)
                                flags |= FLAG_SPACE;
                        else if (*statfmt == FMT_PLUS)
                                flags |= FLAG_PLUS;
                        else if (*statfmt == FMT_ZERO)
                                flags |= FLAG_ZERO;
                        else if (*statfmt == FMT_MINUS)
                                flags |= FLAG_MINUS;
                        else
                                break;
                        statfmt++;
                } while (1/*CONSTCOND*/);

                size = -1;
                if (isdigit((unsigned char)*statfmt)) {
                        size = 0;
                        while (isdigit((unsigned char)*statfmt)) {
                                size = (size * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
                                statfmt++;
                                if (size < 0)
                                        goto badfmt;
                        }
                }

                prec = -1;
                if (*statfmt == FMT_DOT) {
                        statfmt++;

                        prec = 0;
                        while (isdigit((unsigned char)*statfmt)) {
                                prec = (prec * 10) + (*statfmt - '0');
                                statfmt++;
                                if (prec < 0)
                                        goto badfmt;
                        }
                }

#define fmtcase(x, y)           case (y): (x) = (y); statfmt++; break
#define fmtcasef(x, y, z)       case (y): (x) = (z); statfmt++; break
                switch (*statfmt) {
                        fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_DECIMAL,     FMTF_DECIMAL);
                        fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_OCTAL,       FMTF_OCTAL);
                        fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_UNSIGNED,    FMTF_UNSIGNED);
                        fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_HEX,         FMTF_HEX);
                        fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_FLOAT,       FMTF_FLOAT);
                        fmtcasef(ofmt, FMT_STRING,      FMTF_STRING);
                default:
                        ofmt = 0;
                        break;
                }

                switch (*statfmt) {
                        fmtcase(hilo, HIGH_PIECE);
                        fmtcase(hilo, MIDDLE_PIECE);
                        fmtcase(hilo, LOW_PIECE);
                default:
                        hilo = 0;
                        break;
                }

                switch (*statfmt) {
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_realpath);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_dev);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ino);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mode);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_nlink);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_uid);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gid);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_rdev);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_atime);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_mtime);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_ctime);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_btime);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_size);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blocks);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_blksize);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_flags);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_st_gen);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_symlink);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_filetype);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_filename);
                        fmtcase(what, SHOW_sizerdev);
                default:
                        goto badfmt;
                }
#undef fmtcasef
#undef fmtcase

                t = format1(st,
                     file,
                     subfmt, statfmt - subfmt,
                     buf, sizeof(buf),
                     flags, size, prec, ofmt, hilo, what, quiet);

                for (i = 0; i < t && i < (int)(sizeof(buf) - 1); i++)
                        addchar(stdout, buf[i], &nl);

                continue;

        badfmt:
                errx(1, "%.*s: bad format",
                    (int)(statfmt - subfmt + 1), subfmt);
        }

        if (!nl && !nonl)
                (void)fputc('\n', stdout);
        (void)fflush(stdout);
}

static const char *
fmttime(char *buf, size_t len, const char *fmt, time_t secs, long nsecs)
{
        struct tm tm;
        const char *fpb, *fp1, *fp2;    /* pointers into fmt */
        char *fmt2 = NULL;              /* replacement fmt (if not NULL) */
                                /* XXX init of next twp for stupid gcc only */
        char *f2p = NULL;               /* ptr into fmt2 - last added */
        size_t flen = 0;
        size_t o;
        int sl;

        if (localtime_r(&secs, &tm) == NULL) {
                secs = 0;
                (void)localtime_r(&secs, &tm);
        }
        for (fp1 = fpb = fmt; (fp2 = strchr(fp1, '%')) != NULL; ) {
                if (fp2[1] != 'f') {
                        /* make sure we don't find the 2nd '%' in "%%" */
                        fp1 = fp2 + 1 + (fp2[1] != '\0');
                        continue;
                }
                if (fmt2 == NULL) {
                        /* allow for ~100 %f's in the format ... */
                        flen = strlen(fmt) + 1024;

                        if ((fmt2 = calloc(flen, 1)) == NULL) {
                                fp1 = fp2 + 2;
                                continue;
                        }
                        f2p = fmt2;

                        o = (size_t)(fp2 - fpb);
                        memcpy(f2p, fpb, o);    /* must fit */
                        fmt = fmt2;
                } else {
                        o = (size_t)(fp2 - fpb);
                        if (flen > o)
                                memcpy(f2p, fpb, o);
                }
                if (flen < o + 10) {    /* 9 digits + \0 == 10 */
                        *f2p = '\0';
                        break;
                }
                f2p += o;
                flen -= o;
                sl = snprintf(f2p, flen, "%.9ld", nsecs);
                if (sl == -1)
                        sl = 0;
                f2p += sl;
                *f2p = '\0';
                flen -= sl;
                fp1 = fp2 + 2;
                fpb = fp1;
        }
        if (fmt2 != NULL) {
                o = strlen(fpb);
                if (flen > o) {
                        memcpy(f2p, fpb, o);
                        f2p[o] = '\0';
                }
        }

        (void)strftime(buf, len, fmt, &tm);
        free(fmt2);
        return buf;
}

/*
 * Arranges output according to a single parsed format substring.
 */
static int
format1(const struct stat *st,
    const char *file,
    const char *fmt, int flen,
    char *buf, size_t blen,
    int flags, int size, int prec, int ofmt,
    int hilo, int what, int quiet)
{
        uint64_t data;
        char *stmp, lfmt[24], tmp[20];
        const char *sdata;
        char smode[12], sid[13], path[PATH_MAX + 4], visbuf[PATH_MAX * 4 + 4];
        struct passwd *pw;
        struct group *gr;
        time_t secs;
        long nsecs;
        int l;
        int formats;    /* bitmap of allowed formats for this datum */
        int small;      /* true if datum is a small integer */
        int gottime;    /* true if secs and nsecs are valid */
        int shift;      /* powers of 2 to scale numbers before printing */
        size_t prefixlen; /* length of constant prefix for string data */

        formats = 0;
        small = 0;
        gottime = 0;
        secs = 0;
        nsecs = 0;
        shift = 0;
        prefixlen = 0;

        /*
         * First, pick out the data and tweak it based on hilo or
         * specified output format (symlink output only).
         */
        switch (what) {
        case SHOW_st_dev:
        case SHOW_st_rdev:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
                data = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ? st->st_dev : st->st_rdev;
#if HAVE_DEVNAME
                sdata = (what == SHOW_st_dev) ?
                    devname(st->st_dev, S_IFBLK) :
                    devname(st->st_rdev, 
                        S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) ? S_IFCHR :
                        S_ISBLK(st->st_mode) ? S_IFBLK :
                        0U);
                if (sdata == NULL)
                        sdata = "???";
#endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
                if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
                        data = major(data);
                        hilo = 0;
                }
                else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
                        data = minor((unsigned)data);
                        hilo = 0;
                }
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
#if HAVE_DEVNAME
                    FMTF_STRING;
#else /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
                    0;
#endif /* HAVE_DEVNAME */
                if (ofmt == 0) {
                        if (data == (uint64_t)-1)
                                ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
                        else
                                ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                }
                break;
        case SHOW_st_ino:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_ino) == 4);
                data = st->st_ino;
                sdata = NULL;
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                break;
        case SHOW_st_mode:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_mode) == 4);
                data = st->st_mode;
                strmode(st->st_mode, smode);
                stmp = smode;
                l = strlen(stmp);
                if (stmp[l - 1] == ' ')
                        stmp[--l] = '\0';
                if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
                        data >>= 12;
                        stmp += 1;
                        stmp[3] = '\0';
                        hilo = 0;
                }
                else if (hilo == MIDDLE_PIECE) {
                        data = (data >> 9) & 07;
                        stmp += 4;
                        stmp[3] = '\0';
                        hilo = 0;
                }
                else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
                        data &= 0777;
                        stmp += 7;
                        stmp[3] = '\0';
                        hilo = 0;
                }
                sdata = stmp;
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
                    FMTF_STRING;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_OCTAL;
                break;
        case SHOW_st_nlink:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_dev) == 4);
                data = st->st_nlink;
                sdata = NULL;
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                break;
        case SHOW_st_uid:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_uid) == 4);
                data = st->st_uid;
                if ((pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid)) != NULL)
                        sdata = pw->pw_name;
                else {
                        snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_uid);
                        sdata = sid;
                }
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
                    FMTF_STRING;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                break;
        case SHOW_st_gid:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_gid) == 4);
                data = st->st_gid;
                if ((gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid)) != NULL)
                        sdata = gr->gr_name;
                else {
                        snprintf(sid, sizeof(sid), "(%ld)", (long)st->st_gid);
                        sdata = sid;
                }
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
                    FMTF_STRING;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                break;
        case SHOW_st_atime:
                gottime = 1;
                secs = st->st_atime;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
                nsecs = st->st_atimensec;
#endif
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case SHOW_st_mtime:
                if (!gottime) {
                        gottime = 1;
                        secs = st->st_mtime;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
                        nsecs = st->st_mtimensec;
#endif
                }
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case SHOW_st_ctime:
                if (!gottime) {
                        gottime = 1;
                        secs = st->st_ctime;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
                        nsecs = st->st_ctimensec;
#endif
                }
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case SHOW_st_btime:
                if (!gottime) {
                        gottime = 1;
                        secs = st->st_birthtime;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMENSEC
                        nsecs = st->st_birthtimensec;
#endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIMENSEC */
                }
#endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BIRTHTIME */
                small = (sizeof(secs) == 4);
                data = secs;
                sdata = fmttime(path, sizeof(path), timefmt, secs, nsecs);

                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX |
                    FMTF_FLOAT | FMTF_STRING;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_DECIMAL;
                break;
        case SHOW_st_size:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_size) == 4);
                data = st->st_size;
                sdata = NULL;
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                switch (hilo) {
                case HIGH_PIECE:
                        shift = 30;     /* gigabytes */
                        hilo = 0;
                        break;
                case MIDDLE_PIECE:
                        shift = 20;     /* megabytes */
                        hilo = 0;
                        break;
                case LOW_PIECE:
                        shift = 10;     /* kilobytes */
                        hilo = 0;
                        break;
                }
                break;
        case SHOW_st_blocks:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_blocks) == 4);
                data = st->st_blocks;
                sdata = NULL;
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                break;
        case SHOW_st_blksize:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_blksize) == 4);
                data = st->st_blksize;
                sdata = NULL;
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                break;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
        case SHOW_st_flags:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_flags) == 4);
                data = st->st_flags;
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
#if !HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
                sdata = flags_to_string((u_long)st->st_flags, "-");
                formats |= FMT_STRING;
#endif
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                break;
#endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS */
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
        case SHOW_st_gen:
                small = (sizeof(st->st_gen) == 4);
                data = st->st_gen;
                sdata = NULL;
                formats = FMTF_DECIMAL | FMTF_OCTAL | FMTF_UNSIGNED | FMTF_HEX;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_UNSIGNED;
                break;
#endif /* HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN */
        case SHOW_realpath:
                small = 0;
                data = 0;
                if (file == NULL) {
                        (void)strlcpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
                        sdata = path;
                } else {
                        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
                        if (realpath(file, path + 4) == NULL) {
                                if (!quiet)
                                        warn("realpath `%s'", file);
                                linkfail = 1;
                                l = 0;
                                path[0] = '\0';
                        }
                        sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
                        prefixlen = (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 4 : 0);
                }

                formats = FMTF_STRING;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
                break;
        case SHOW_symlink:
                small = 0;
                data = 0;
                if (S_ISLNK(st->st_mode)) {
                        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), " -> ");
                        l = readlink(file, path + 4, sizeof(path) - 4 - 1);
                        if (l == -1) {
                                if (!quiet)
                                        warn("readlink `%s'", file);
                                linkfail = 1;
                                l = 0;
                                path[0] = '\0';
                        }
                        path[l + 4] = '\0';
                        sdata = path + (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 0 : 4);
                        prefixlen = (ofmt == FMTF_STRING ? 4 : 0);
                }
                else {
                        linkfail = 1;
                        sdata = "";
                }
                formats = FMTF_STRING;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
                break;
        case SHOW_filetype:
                small = 0;
                data = 0;
                sdata = "";
                if (hilo == 0 || hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
                        switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
                        case S_IFIFO:   sdata = "|";                    break;
                        case S_IFDIR:   sdata = "/";                    break;
                        case S_IFREG:
                                if (st->st_mode &
                                    (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH))
                                        sdata = "*";
                                break;
                        case S_IFLNK:   sdata = "@";                    break;
#ifdef S_IFSOCK
                        case S_IFSOCK:  sdata = "=";                    break;
#endif
#ifdef S_IFWHT
                        case S_IFWHT:   sdata = "%";                    break;
#endif /* S_IFWHT */
#ifdef S_IFDOOR
                        case S_IFDOOR:  sdata = ">";                    break;
#endif /* S_IFDOOR */
                        }
                        hilo = 0;
                }
                else if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
                        switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
                        case S_IFIFO:   sdata = "Fifo File";            break;
                        case S_IFCHR:   sdata = "Character Device";     break;
                        case S_IFDIR:   sdata = "Directory";            break;
                        case S_IFBLK:   sdata = "Block Device";         break;
                        case S_IFREG:   sdata = "Regular File";         break;
                        case S_IFLNK:   sdata = "Symbolic Link";        break;
#ifdef S_IFSOCK
                        case S_IFSOCK:  sdata = "Socket";               break;
#endif
#ifdef S_IFWHT
                        case S_IFWHT:   sdata = "Whiteout File";        break;
#endif /* S_IFWHT */
#ifdef S_IFDOOR
                        case S_IFDOOR:  sdata = "Door";                 break;
#endif /* S_IFDOOR */
                        default:        sdata = "???";                  break;
                        }
                        hilo = 0;
                }
                formats = FMTF_STRING;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
                break;
        case SHOW_filename:
                small = 0;
                data = 0;
                if (file == NULL) {
                        (void)strlcpy(path, "(stdin)", sizeof(path));
                        if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE || hilo == LOW_PIECE)
                                hilo = 0;
                }
                else if (hilo == 0)
                        (void)strlcpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
                else {
                        char *s;
                        (void)strlcpy(path, file, sizeof(path));
                        s = strrchr(path, '/');
                        if (s != NULL) {
                                /* trim off trailing /'s */
                                while (s != path &&
                                    s[0] == '/' && s[1] == '\0')
                                        *s-- = '\0';
                                s = strrchr(path, '/');
                        }
                        if (hilo == HIGH_PIECE) {
                                if (s == NULL)
                                        (void)strlcpy(path, ".", sizeof(path));
                                else {
                                        while (s != path && s[0] == '/')
                                                *s-- = '\0';
                                }
                                hilo = 0;
                        }
                        else if (hilo == LOW_PIECE) {
                                if (s != NULL && s[1] != '\0')
                                        (void)strlcpy(path, s + 1,
                                                      sizeof(path));
                                hilo = 0;
                        }
                }
                sdata = path;
                formats = FMTF_STRING;
                if (ofmt == 0)
                        ofmt = FMTF_STRING;
                break;
        case SHOW_sizerdev:
                if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) {
                        char majdev[20], mindev[20];
                        int l1, l2;

                        if (size == 0)          /* avoid -1/2 */
                                size++;         /* 1/2 == 0/2 so this is safe */
                        l1 = format1(st,
                            file,
                            fmt, flen,
                            majdev, sizeof(majdev),
                            flags, (size - 1) / 2, prec,
                            ofmt, HIGH_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev, quiet);
                        l2 = format1(st,
                            file,
                            fmt, flen,
                            mindev, sizeof(mindev),
                            flags | FLAG_MINUS , size / 2, prec,
                            ofmt, LOW_PIECE, SHOW_st_rdev, quiet);
                        return (snprintf(buf, blen, "%.*s,%.*s",
                            l1, majdev, l2, mindev));
                }
                else {
                        return (format1(st,
                            file,
                            fmt, flen,
                            buf, blen,
                            flags, size, prec,
                            ofmt, 0, SHOW_st_size, quiet));
                }
                /*NOTREACHED*/
        default:
                errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
        }

        if (hilo != 0                   // subdatum not supported
            || !(ofmt & formats)        // output format not supported
            || (ofmt == FMTF_STRING && flags & FLAG_SPACE)
            || (ofmt == FMTF_STRING && flags & FLAG_PLUS)
            || (ofmt == FMTF_STRING && flags & FLAG_ZERO))
                errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);

        /*
         * FLAG_POUND with FMTF_STRING means use vis(3) encoding.
         * First prefixlen chars are not encoded.
         */
        if ((flags & FLAG_POUND) != 0 && ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
                flags &= ~FLAG_POUND;
                strncpy(visbuf, sdata, prefixlen);
                /* Avoid GCC warnings. */
                visbuf[prefixlen] = 0;
                strnvis(visbuf + prefixlen, sizeof(visbuf) - prefixlen,
                    sdata + prefixlen, VIS_WHITE | VIS_OCTAL | VIS_CSTYLE);
                sdata = visbuf;
        }

        /*
         * Assemble the format string for passing to printf(3).
         */
        lfmt[0] = '\0';
        (void)strcat(lfmt, "%");
        if (flags & FLAG_POUND)
                (void)strcat(lfmt, "#");
        if (flags & FLAG_SPACE)
                (void)strcat(lfmt, " ");
        if (flags & FLAG_PLUS)
                (void)strcat(lfmt, "+");
        if (flags & FLAG_MINUS)
                (void)strcat(lfmt, "-");
        if (flags & FLAG_ZERO)
                (void)strcat(lfmt, "0");

        /*
         * Only the timespecs support the FLOAT output format, and that
         * requires work that differs from the other formats.
         */ 
        if (ofmt == FMTF_FLOAT) {
                /*
                 * Nothing after the decimal point, so just print seconds.
                 */
                if (prec == 0) {
                        if (size != -1) {
                                (void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
                                (void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
                        }
                        (void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");
                        return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt,
                            (long long)secs));
                }

                /*
                 * Unspecified precision gets all the precision we have:
                 * 9 digits.
                 */
                if (prec == -1)
                        prec = 9;

                /*
                 * Adjust the size for the decimal point and the digits
                 * that will follow.
                 */
                size -= prec + 1;

                /*
                 * Any leftover size that's legitimate will be used.
                 */
                if (size > 0) {
                        (void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
                        (void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
                }
                /* Seconds: time_t cast to long long. */
                (void)strcat(lfmt, "lld");

                /*
                 * The stuff after the decimal point always needs zero
                 * filling.
                 */
                (void)strcat(lfmt, ".%0");

                /*
                 * We can "print" at most nine digits of precision.  The
                 * rest we will pad on at the end.
                 *
                 * Nanoseconds: long.
                 */
                (void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%dld", prec > 9 ? 9 : prec);
                (void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);

                /*
                 * For precision of less that nine digits, trim off the
                 * less significant figures.
                 */
                for (; prec < 9; prec++)
                        nsecs /= 10;

                /*
                 * Use the format, and then tack on any zeroes that
                 * might be required to make up the requested precision.
                 */
                l = snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, (long long)secs, nsecs);
                for (; prec > 9 && l < (int)blen; prec--, l++)
                        (void)strcat(buf, "0");
                return (l);
        }

        /*
         * Add on size and precision, if specified, to the format.
         */
        if (size != -1) {
                (void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d", size);
                (void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
        }
        if (prec != -1) {
                (void)snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), ".%d", prec);
                (void)strcat(lfmt, tmp);
        }

        /*
         * String output uses the temporary sdata.
         */
        if (ofmt == FMTF_STRING) {
                if (sdata == NULL)
                        errx(1, "%.*s: bad format", (int)flen, fmt);
                (void)strcat(lfmt, "s");
                return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, sdata));
        }

        /*
         * Ensure that sign extension does not cause bad looking output
         * for some forms.
         */
        if (small && ofmt != FMTF_DECIMAL)
                data = (uint32_t)data;

        /*
         * The four "numeric" output forms.
         */
        (void)strcat(lfmt, "ll");
        switch (ofmt) {
        case FMTF_DECIMAL:      (void)strcat(lfmt, "d");        break;
        case FMTF_OCTAL:        (void)strcat(lfmt, "o");        break;
        case FMTF_UNSIGNED:     (void)strcat(lfmt, "u");        break;
        case FMTF_HEX:          (void)strcat(lfmt, "x");        break;
        }

        /*
         * shift and round to nearest for kilobytes, megabytes,
         * gigabytes.
         */
        if (shift > 0) {
                data >>= (shift - 1);
                data++;
                data >>= 1;
        }

        return (snprintf(buf, blen, lfmt, data));
}