/*      $NetBSD: kvm.c,v 1.111 2023/08/23 14:00:11 rin Exp $    */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1992, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software developed by the Computer Systems
 * Engineering group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory under DARPA contract
 * BG 91-66 and contributed to Berkeley.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)kvm.c       8.2 (Berkeley) 2/13/94";
#else
__RCSID("$NetBSD: kvm.c,v 1.111 2023/08/23 14:00:11 rin Exp $");
#endif
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/lwp.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

#include <sys/core.h>
#include <sys/exec.h>
#include <sys/kcore.h>
#include <sys/ksyms.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>

#include <machine/cpu.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <nlist.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <kvm.h>

#include "kvm_private.h"

static int      _kvm_get_header(kvm_t *);
static kvm_t    *_kvm_open(kvm_t *, const char *, const char *,
                    const char *, int, char *);
static int      clear_gap(kvm_t *, bool (*)(void *, const void *, size_t),
                    void *, size_t);
static off_t    Lseek(kvm_t *, int, off_t, int);
static ssize_t  Pread(kvm_t *, int, void *, size_t, off_t);

char *
kvm_geterr(kvm_t *kd)
{
        return (kd->errbuf);
}

const char *
kvm_getkernelname(kvm_t *kd)
{
        return kd->kernelname;
}

/*
 * Report an error using printf style arguments.  "program" is kd->program
 * on hard errors, and 0 on soft errors, so that under sun error emulation,
 * only hard errors are printed out (otherwise, programs like gdb will
 * generate tons of error messages when trying to access bogus pointers).
 */
void
_kvm_err(kvm_t *kd, const char *program, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap;

        va_start(ap, fmt);
        if (program != NULL) {
                (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program);
                (void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
                (void)fputc('\n', stderr);
        } else
                (void)vsnprintf(kd->errbuf,
                    sizeof(kd->errbuf), fmt, ap);

        va_end(ap);
}

void
_kvm_syserr(kvm_t *kd, const char *program, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap;
        size_t n;

        va_start(ap, fmt);
        if (program != NULL) {
                (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program);
                (void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
                (void)fprintf(stderr, ": %s\n", strerror(errno));
        } else {
                char *cp = kd->errbuf;

                (void)vsnprintf(cp, sizeof(kd->errbuf), fmt, ap);
                n = strlen(cp);
                (void)snprintf(&cp[n], sizeof(kd->errbuf) - n, ": %s",
                    strerror(errno));
        }
        va_end(ap);
}

void *
_kvm_malloc(kvm_t *kd, size_t n)
{
        void *p;

        if ((p = malloc(n)) == NULL)
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "%s", strerror(errno));
        return (p);
}

/*
 * Wrapper around the lseek(2) system call; calls _kvm_syserr() for us
 * in the event of emergency.
 */
static off_t
Lseek(kvm_t *kd, int fd, off_t offset, int whence)
{
        off_t off;

        errno = 0;

        if ((off = lseek(fd, offset, whence)) == -1 && errno != 0) {
                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "Lseek");
                return ((off_t)-1);
        }
        return (off);
}

ssize_t
_kvm_pread(kvm_t *kd, int fd, void *buf, size_t size, off_t off)
{
        ptrdiff_t moff;
        void *newbuf;
        size_t dsize;
        ssize_t rv;
        off_t doff;

        if (kd->dump_mem != MAP_FAILED) {
                if (size + off > kd->dump_size) {
                        errno = EINVAL;
                        return -1;
                }
                memcpy(buf, (char *)kd->dump_mem + (size_t)off, size);
                return size;
        }

        /* If aligned nothing to do. */
        if (((off % kd->fdalign) | (size % kd->fdalign)) == 0) {
                return pread(fd, buf, size, off);
        }

        /*
         * Otherwise must buffer.  We can't tolerate short reads in this
         * case (lazy bum).
         */
        moff = (ptrdiff_t)off % kd->fdalign;
        doff = off - moff;
        dsize = moff + size + kd->fdalign - 1;
        dsize -= dsize % kd->fdalign;
        if (kd->iobufsz < dsize) {
                newbuf = realloc(kd->iobuf, dsize);
                if (newbuf == NULL) {
                        _kvm_syserr(kd, 0, "cannot allocate I/O buffer");
                        return (-1);
                }
                kd->iobuf = newbuf;
                kd->iobufsz = dsize;
        }
        rv = pread(fd, kd->iobuf, dsize, doff);
        if (rv < size + moff)
                return -1;
        memcpy(buf, kd->iobuf + moff, size);
        return size;
}

static ssize_t
_kvm_pwrite(kvm_t *kd, const void *buf, size_t size, off_t off)
{
        char *mem = kd->dump_mem;

        if (size + off > kd->dump_size) {
                errno = EINVAL;
                return -1;
        }
        memcpy(mem + (size_t)off, buf, size);
        return size;
}

/*
 * Wrapper around the pread(2) system call; calls _kvm_syserr() for us
 * in the event of emergency.
 */
static ssize_t
Pread(kvm_t *kd, int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, off_t offset)
{
        ssize_t rv;

        errno = 0;

        if ((rv = _kvm_pread(kd, fd, buf, nbytes, offset)) != nbytes &&
            errno != 0)
                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "Pread");
        return (rv);
}

static kvm_t *
_kvm_open(kvm_t *kd, const char *uf, const char *mf, const char *sf, int flag,
    char *errout)
{
        struct stat st;
        int ufgiven;

        kd->pmfd = -1;
        kd->vmfd = -1;
        kd->swfd = -1;
        kd->nlfd = -1;
        kd->alive = KVM_ALIVE_DEAD;
        kd->procbase = NULL;
        kd->procbase_len = 0;
        kd->procbase2 = NULL;
        kd->procbase2_len = 0;
        kd->lwpbase = NULL;
        kd->lwpbase_len = 0;
        kd->nbpg = getpagesize();
        kd->swapspc = NULL;
        kd->argspc = NULL;
        kd->argspc_len = 0;
        kd->argbuf = NULL;
        kd->argv = NULL;
        kd->vmst = NULL;
        kd->vm_page_buckets = NULL;
        kd->kcore_hdr = NULL;
        kd->cpu_dsize = 0;
        kd->cpu_data = NULL;
        kd->dump_off = 0;
        kd->fdalign = 1;
        kd->iobuf = NULL;
        kd->iobufsz = 0;
        kd->errbuf[0] = '\0';
        kd->dump_mem = MAP_FAILED;
        kd->dump_size = 0;

        if (flag & KVM_NO_FILES) {
                kd->alive = KVM_ALIVE_SYSCTL;
                return(kd);
        }

        /*
         * Call the MD open hook.  This sets:
         *      min_uva, max_uva
         */
        if (_kvm_mdopen(kd)) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "md init failed");
                goto failed;
        }

        ufgiven = (uf != NULL);
        if (!ufgiven) {
#ifdef CPU_BOOTED_KERNEL
                /* 130 is 128 + '/' + '\0' */
                static char booted_kernel[130];
                int mib[2], rc;
                size_t len;

                mib[0] = CTL_MACHDEP;
                mib[1] = CPU_BOOTED_KERNEL;
                booted_kernel[0] = '/';
                booted_kernel[1] = '\0';
                len = sizeof(booted_kernel) - 2;
                rc = sysctl(&mib[0], 2, &booted_kernel[1], &len, NULL, 0);
                booted_kernel[sizeof(booted_kernel) - 1] = '\0';
                uf = (booted_kernel[1] == '/') ?
                    &booted_kernel[1] : &booted_kernel[0];
                if (rc != -1)
                        rc = stat(uf, &st);
                if (rc != -1 && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
                        rc = -1;
                if (rc == -1)
#endif /* CPU_BOOTED_KERNEL */
                        uf = _PATH_UNIX;
        }
        else if (strlen(uf) >= MAXPATHLEN) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "exec file name too long");
                goto failed;
        }
        if (flag & ~O_RDWR) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "bad flags arg");
                goto failed;
        }
        if (mf == 0)
                mf = _PATH_MEM;
        if (sf == 0)
                sf = _PATH_DRUM;

        /*
         * Open the kernel namelist.  If /dev/ksyms doesn't
         * exist, open the current kernel.
         */
        if (ufgiven == 0)
                kd->nlfd = open(_PATH_KSYMS, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0);
        if (kd->nlfd < 0) {
                if ((kd->nlfd = open(uf, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0) {
                        _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "%s", uf);
                        goto failed;
                }
                strlcpy(kd->kernelname, uf, sizeof(kd->kernelname));
        } else {
                strlcpy(kd->kernelname, _PATH_KSYMS, sizeof(kd->kernelname));
        }

        if ((kd->pmfd = open(mf, flag | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0) {
                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "%s", mf);
                goto failed;
        }
        if (fstat(kd->pmfd, &st) < 0) {
                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "%s", mf);
                goto failed;
        }
        if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) && strcmp(mf, _PATH_MEM) == 0) {
                /*
                 * If this is /dev/mem, open kmem too.  (Maybe we should
                 * make it work for either /dev/mem or /dev/kmem -- in either
                 * case you're working with a live kernel.)
                 */
                if ((kd->vmfd = open(_PATH_KMEM, flag | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0) {
                        _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "%s", _PATH_KMEM);
                        goto failed;
                }
                kd->alive = KVM_ALIVE_FILES;
                if ((kd->swfd = open(sf, flag | O_CLOEXEC, 0)) < 0) {
                        if (errno != ENXIO) {
                                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "%s", sf);
                                goto failed;
                        }
                        /* swap is not configured?  not fatal */
                }
        } else {
                if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
                        kd->fdalign = DEV_BSIZE;
                } else {
                        kd->fdalign = 1;
                }

                /*
                 * This is a crash dump.
                 * Initialize the virtual address translation machinery.
                 *
                 * If there is no valid core header, fail silently here.
                 * The address translations however will fail without
                 * header. Things can be made to run by calling
                 * kvm_dump_mkheader() before doing any translation.
                 */
                if (_kvm_get_header(kd) == 0) {
                        if (_kvm_initvtop(kd) < 0)
                                goto failed;
                }
                kd->dump_size = (size_t)st.st_size;
                kd->dump_mem = mmap(NULL, kd->dump_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
                    MAP_FILE|MAP_PRIVATE, kd->pmfd, 0);
        }
        return (kd);
failed:
        /*
         * Copy out the error if doing sane error semantics.
         */
        if (errout != 0)
                (void)strlcpy(errout, kd->errbuf, _POSIX2_LINE_MAX);
        (void)kvm_close(kd);
        return (0);
}

/*
 * The kernel dump file (from savecore) contains:
 *    kcore_hdr_t kcore_hdr;
 *    kcore_seg_t cpu_hdr;
 *    (opaque)    cpu_data; (size is cpu_hdr.c_size)
 *        kcore_seg_t mem_hdr;
 *    (memory)    mem_data; (size is mem_hdr.c_size)
 *
 * Note: khdr is padded to khdr.c_hdrsize;
 * cpu_hdr and mem_hdr are padded to khdr.c_seghdrsize
 */
static int
_kvm_get_header(kvm_t *kd)
{
        kcore_hdr_t     kcore_hdr;
        kcore_seg_t     cpu_hdr;
        kcore_seg_t     mem_hdr;
        size_t          offset;
        ssize_t         sz;

        /*
         * Read the kcore_hdr_t
         */
        sz = Pread(kd, kd->pmfd, &kcore_hdr, sizeof(kcore_hdr), (off_t)0);
        if (sz != sizeof(kcore_hdr))
                return (-1);

        /*
         * Currently, we only support dump-files made by the current
         * architecture...
         */
        if ((CORE_GETMAGIC(kcore_hdr) != KCORE_MAGIC) ||
            (CORE_GETMID(kcore_hdr) != MID_MACHINE))
                return (-1);

        /*
         * Currently, we only support exactly 2 segments: cpu-segment
         * and data-segment in exactly that order.
         */
        if (kcore_hdr.c_nseg != 2)
                return (-1);

        /*
         * Save away the kcore_hdr.  All errors after this
         * should do a to "goto fail" to deallocate things.
         */
        kd->kcore_hdr = _kvm_malloc(kd, sizeof(kcore_hdr));
        memcpy(kd->kcore_hdr, &kcore_hdr, sizeof(kcore_hdr));
        offset = kcore_hdr.c_hdrsize;

        /*
         * Read the CPU segment header
         */
        sz = Pread(kd, kd->pmfd, &cpu_hdr, sizeof(cpu_hdr), (off_t)offset);
        if (sz != sizeof(cpu_hdr))
                goto fail;
        if ((CORE_GETMAGIC(cpu_hdr) != KCORESEG_MAGIC) ||
            (CORE_GETFLAG(cpu_hdr) != CORE_CPU))
                goto fail;
        offset += kcore_hdr.c_seghdrsize;

        /*
         * Read the CPU segment DATA.
         */
        kd->cpu_dsize = cpu_hdr.c_size;
        kd->cpu_data = _kvm_malloc(kd, cpu_hdr.c_size);
        if (kd->cpu_data == NULL)
                goto fail;
        sz = Pread(kd, kd->pmfd, kd->cpu_data, cpu_hdr.c_size, (off_t)offset);
        if (sz != cpu_hdr.c_size)
                goto fail;
        offset += cpu_hdr.c_size;

        /*
         * Read the next segment header: data segment
         */
        sz = Pread(kd, kd->pmfd, &mem_hdr, sizeof(mem_hdr), (off_t)offset);
        if (sz != sizeof(mem_hdr))
                goto fail;
        offset += kcore_hdr.c_seghdrsize;

        if ((CORE_GETMAGIC(mem_hdr) != KCORESEG_MAGIC) ||
            (CORE_GETFLAG(mem_hdr) != CORE_DATA))
                goto fail;

        kd->dump_off = offset;
        return (0);

fail:
        if (kd->kcore_hdr != NULL) {
                free(kd->kcore_hdr);
                kd->kcore_hdr = NULL;
        }
        if (kd->cpu_data != NULL) {
                free(kd->cpu_data);
                kd->cpu_data = NULL;
                kd->cpu_dsize = 0;
        }
        return (-1);
}

/*
 * The format while on the dump device is: (new format)
 *      kcore_seg_t cpu_hdr;
 *      (opaque)    cpu_data; (size is cpu_hdr.c_size)
 *      kcore_seg_t mem_hdr;
 *      (memory)    mem_data; (size is mem_hdr.c_size)
 */
int
kvm_dump_mkheader(kvm_t *kd, off_t dump_off)
{
        kcore_seg_t     cpu_hdr;
        size_t hdr_size;
        ssize_t sz;

        if (kd->kcore_hdr != NULL) {
            _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "already has a dump header");
            return (-1);
        }
        if (ISALIVE(kd)) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "don't use on live kernel");
                return (-1);
        }

        /*
         * Validate new format crash dump
         */
        sz = Pread(kd, kd->pmfd, &cpu_hdr, sizeof(cpu_hdr), dump_off);
        if (sz != sizeof(cpu_hdr)) {
                if (sz == -1)
                        _kvm_err(kd, 0, "read %zx bytes at offset %"PRIx64
                            " for cpu_hdr failed: %s", sizeof(cpu_hdr),
                            dump_off, strerror(errno));
                else
                        _kvm_err(kd, 0, "read %zx bytes at offset %"PRIx64
                            " for cpu_hdr instead of requested %zu",
                            sz, dump_off, sizeof(cpu_hdr));
                return (-1);
        }
        if ((CORE_GETMAGIC(cpu_hdr) != KCORE_MAGIC)
                || (CORE_GETMID(cpu_hdr) != MID_MACHINE)) {
                _kvm_err(kd, 0, "invalid magic in cpu_hdr");
                return (0);
        }
        hdr_size = ALIGN(sizeof(cpu_hdr));

        /*
         * Read the CPU segment.
         */
        kd->cpu_dsize = cpu_hdr.c_size;
        kd->cpu_data = _kvm_malloc(kd, kd->cpu_dsize);
        if (kd->cpu_data == NULL) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "no cpu_data");
                goto fail;
        }
        sz = Pread(kd, kd->pmfd, kd->cpu_data, cpu_hdr.c_size,
            dump_off + hdr_size);
        if (sz != cpu_hdr.c_size) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "size %zu != cpu_hdr.csize %"PRIu32,
                    sz, cpu_hdr.c_size);
                goto fail;
        }
        hdr_size += kd->cpu_dsize;

        /*
         * Leave phys mem pointer at beginning of memory data
         */
        kd->dump_off = dump_off + hdr_size;
        if (Lseek(kd, kd->pmfd, kd->dump_off, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "failed to seek to %" PRId64,
                    (int64_t)kd->dump_off);
                goto fail;
        }

        /*
         * Create a kcore_hdr.
         */
        kd->kcore_hdr = _kvm_malloc(kd, sizeof(kcore_hdr_t));
        if (kd->kcore_hdr == NULL) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "failed to allocate header");
                goto fail;
        }

        kd->kcore_hdr->c_hdrsize    = ALIGN(sizeof(kcore_hdr_t));
        kd->kcore_hdr->c_seghdrsize = ALIGN(sizeof(kcore_seg_t));
        kd->kcore_hdr->c_nseg       = 2;
        CORE_SETMAGIC(*(kd->kcore_hdr), KCORE_MAGIC, MID_MACHINE,0);

        /*
         * Now that we have a valid header, enable translations.
         */
        if (_kvm_initvtop(kd) == 0)
                /* Success */
                return (hdr_size);

fail:
        if (kd->kcore_hdr != NULL) {
                free(kd->kcore_hdr);
                kd->kcore_hdr = NULL;
        }
        if (kd->cpu_data != NULL) {
                free(kd->cpu_data);
                kd->cpu_data = NULL;
                kd->cpu_dsize = 0;
        }
        return (-1);
}

static int
clear_gap(kvm_t *kd, bool (*write_buf)(void *, const void *, size_t),
    void *cookie, size_t size)
{
        char buf[1024];
        size_t len;

        (void)memset(buf, 0, size > sizeof(buf) ? sizeof(buf) : size);

        while (size > 0) {
                len = size > sizeof(buf) ? sizeof(buf) : size;
                if (!(*write_buf)(cookie, buf, len)) {
                        _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "clear_gap");
                        return -1;
                }
                size -= len;
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Write the dump header by calling write_buf with cookie as first argument.
 */
int
kvm_dump_header(kvm_t *kd, bool (*write_buf)(void *, const void *, size_t),
    void *cookie, int dumpsize)
{
        kcore_seg_t     seghdr;
        long            offset;
        size_t          gap;

        if (kd->kcore_hdr == NULL || kd->cpu_data == NULL) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "no valid dump header(s)");
                return (-1);
        }

        /*
         * Write the generic header
         */
        offset = 0;
        if (!(*write_buf)(cookie, kd->kcore_hdr, sizeof(kcore_hdr_t))) {
                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "kvm_dump_header");
                return (-1);
        }
        offset += kd->kcore_hdr->c_hdrsize;
        gap     = kd->kcore_hdr->c_hdrsize - sizeof(kcore_hdr_t);
        if (clear_gap(kd, write_buf, cookie, gap) == -1)
                return (-1);

        /*
         * Write the CPU header
         */
        CORE_SETMAGIC(seghdr, KCORESEG_MAGIC, 0, CORE_CPU);
        seghdr.c_size = ALIGN(kd->cpu_dsize);
        if (!(*write_buf)(cookie, &seghdr, sizeof(seghdr))) {
                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "kvm_dump_header");
                return (-1);
        }
        offset += kd->kcore_hdr->c_seghdrsize;
        gap     = kd->kcore_hdr->c_seghdrsize - sizeof(seghdr);
        if (clear_gap(kd, write_buf, cookie, gap) == -1)
                return (-1);

        if (!(*write_buf)(cookie, kd->cpu_data, kd->cpu_dsize)) {
                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "kvm_dump_header");
                return (-1);
        }
        offset += seghdr.c_size;
        gap     = seghdr.c_size - kd->cpu_dsize;
        if (clear_gap(kd, write_buf, cookie, gap) == -1)
                return (-1);

        /*
         * Write the actual dump data segment header
         */
        CORE_SETMAGIC(seghdr, KCORESEG_MAGIC, 0, CORE_DATA);
        seghdr.c_size = dumpsize;
        if (!(*write_buf)(cookie, &seghdr, sizeof(seghdr))) {
                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "kvm_dump_header");
                return (-1);
        }
        offset += kd->kcore_hdr->c_seghdrsize;
        gap     = kd->kcore_hdr->c_seghdrsize - sizeof(seghdr);
        if (clear_gap(kd, write_buf, cookie, gap) == -1)
                return (-1);

        return (int)offset;
}

static bool
kvm_dump_header_stdio(void *cookie, const void *buf, size_t len)
{
        return fwrite(buf, len, 1, (FILE *)cookie) == 1;
}

int
kvm_dump_wrtheader(kvm_t *kd, FILE *fp, int dumpsize)
{
        return kvm_dump_header(kd, kvm_dump_header_stdio, fp, dumpsize);
}

kvm_t *
kvm_openfiles(const char *uf, const char *mf, const char *sf,
    int flag, char *errout)
{
        kvm_t *kd;

        if ((kd = malloc(sizeof(*kd))) == NULL) {
                (void)strlcpy(errout, strerror(errno), _POSIX2_LINE_MAX);
                return (0);
        }
        kd->program = 0;
        return (_kvm_open(kd, uf, mf, sf, flag, errout));
}

kvm_t *
kvm_open(const char *uf, const char *mf, const char *sf, int flag,
    const char *program)
{
        kvm_t *kd;

        if ((kd = malloc(sizeof(*kd))) == NULL) {
                (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n",
                    program ? program : getprogname(), strerror(errno));
                return (0);
        }
        kd->program = program;
        return (_kvm_open(kd, uf, mf, sf, flag, NULL));
}

int
kvm_close(kvm_t *kd)
{
        int error = 0;

        if (kd->pmfd >= 0)
                error |= close(kd->pmfd);
        if (kd->vmfd >= 0)
                error |= close(kd->vmfd);
        if (kd->nlfd >= 0)
                error |= close(kd->nlfd);
        if (kd->swfd >= 0)
                error |= close(kd->swfd);
        if (kd->vmst)
                _kvm_freevtop(kd);
        kd->cpu_dsize = 0;
        if (kd->cpu_data != NULL)
                free(kd->cpu_data);
        if (kd->kcore_hdr != NULL)
                free(kd->kcore_hdr);
        if (kd->procbase != 0)
                free(kd->procbase);
        if (kd->procbase2 != 0)
                free(kd->procbase2);
        if (kd->lwpbase != 0)
                free(kd->lwpbase);
        if (kd->swapspc != 0)
                free(kd->swapspc);
        if (kd->argspc != 0)
                free(kd->argspc);
        if (kd->argbuf != 0)
                free(kd->argbuf);
        if (kd->argv != 0)
                free(kd->argv);
        if (kd->iobuf != 0)
                free(kd->iobuf);
        if (kd->dump_mem != MAP_FAILED)
                munmap(kd->dump_mem, kd->dump_size);
        free(kd);

        return (error);
}

int
kvm_nlist(kvm_t *kd, struct nlist *nl)
{
        int rv;

        /*
         * Call the nlist(3) routines to retrieve the given namelist.
         */
        rv = __fdnlist(kd->nlfd, nl);

        if (rv == -1)
                _kvm_err(kd, 0, "bad namelist");

        return (rv);
}

int
kvm_dump_inval(kvm_t *kd)
{
        struct nlist    nl[2];
        paddr_t         pa;
        size_t          dsize;
        off_t           doff;
        void            *newbuf;

        if (ISALIVE(kd)) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "clearing dump on live kernel");
                return (-1);
        }
        nl[0].n_name = "_dumpmag";
        nl[1].n_name = NULL;

        if (kvm_nlist(kd, nl) == -1) {
                _kvm_err(kd, 0, "bad namelist");
                return (-1);
        }
        if (_kvm_kvatop(kd, (vaddr_t)nl[0].n_value, &pa) == 0)
                return (-1);

        errno = 0;
        dsize = MAX(kd->fdalign, sizeof(u_long));
        if (kd->iobufsz < dsize) {
                newbuf = realloc(kd->iobuf, dsize);
                if (newbuf == NULL) {
                        _kvm_syserr(kd, 0, "cannot allocate I/O buffer");
                        return (-1);
                }
                kd->iobuf = newbuf;
                kd->iobufsz = dsize;
        }
        memset(kd->iobuf, 0, dsize);
        doff = _kvm_pa2off(kd, pa);
        doff -= doff % kd->fdalign;
        if (pwrite(kd->pmfd, kd->iobuf, dsize, doff) == -1) {
                _kvm_syserr(kd, 0, "cannot invalidate dump - pwrite");
                return (-1);
        }
        return (0);
}

ssize_t
kvm_read(kvm_t *kd, u_long kva, void *buf, size_t len)
{
        int cc;
        void *cp;

        if (ISKMEM(kd)) {
                /*
                 * We're using /dev/kmem.  Just read straight from the
                 * device and let the active kernel do the address translation.
                 */
                errno = 0;
                cc = _kvm_pread(kd, kd->vmfd, buf, len, (off_t)kva);
                if (cc < 0) {
                        _kvm_syserr(kd, 0, "kvm_read");
                        return (-1);
                } else if (cc < len)
                        _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "short read");
                return (cc);
        } else if (ISSYSCTL(kd)) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "kvm_open called with KVM_NO_FILES, "
                    "can't use kvm_read");
                return (-1);
        } else {
                if ((kd->kcore_hdr == NULL) || (kd->cpu_data == NULL)) {
                        _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "no valid dump header");
                        return (-1);
                }
                cp = buf;
                while (len > 0) {
                        paddr_t pa;
                        off_t   foff;

                        cc = _kvm_kvatop(kd, (vaddr_t)kva, &pa);
                        if (cc == 0) {
                                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "_kvm_kvatop(%lx)", kva);
                                return (-1);
                        }
                        if (cc > len)
                                cc = len;
                        foff = _kvm_pa2off(kd, pa);
                        errno = 0;
                        cc = _kvm_pread(kd, kd->pmfd, cp, (size_t)cc, foff);
                        if (cc < 0) {
                                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "kvm_read");
                                break;
                        }
                        /*
                         * If kvm_kvatop returns a bogus value or our core
                         * file is truncated, we might wind up seeking beyond
                         * the end of the core file in which case the read will
                         * return 0 (EOF).
                         */
                        if (cc == 0)
                                break;
                        cp = (char *)cp + cc;
                        kva += cc;
                        len -= cc;
                }
                return ((char *)cp - (char *)buf);
        }
        /* NOTREACHED */
}

ssize_t
kvm_write(kvm_t *kd, u_long kva, const void *buf, size_t len)
{
        int cc;
        const void *cp;

        if (ISKMEM(kd)) {
                /*
                 * Just like kvm_read, only we write.
                 */
                errno = 0;
                cc = pwrite(kd->vmfd, buf, len, (off_t)kva);
                if (cc < 0) {
                        _kvm_syserr(kd, 0, "kvm_write");
                        return (-1);
                } else if (cc < len)
                        _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "short write");
                return (cc);
        } else if (ISSYSCTL(kd)) {
                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "kvm_open called with KVM_NO_FILES, "
                    "can't use kvm_write");
                return (-1);
        } else {
                if (kd->dump_mem == MAP_FAILED) {
                        _kvm_err(kd, kd->program,
                            "kvm_write not implemented for dead kernels");
                        return (-1);
                }
                cp = buf;
                while (len > 0) {
                        paddr_t pa;
                        off_t   foff;

                        cc = _kvm_kvatop(kd, (vaddr_t)kva, &pa);
                        if (cc == 0) {
                                _kvm_err(kd, kd->program, "_kvm_kvatop(%lx)", kva);
                                return (-1);
                        }
                        if (cc > len)
                                cc = len;
                        foff = _kvm_pa2off(kd, pa);
                        errno = 0;
                        cc = _kvm_pwrite(kd, cp, (size_t)cc, foff);
                        if (cc < 0) {
                                _kvm_syserr(kd, kd->program, "kvm_pwrite");
                                break;
                        }
                        /*
                         * If kvm_kvatop returns a bogus value or our core
                         * file is truncated, we might wind up seeking beyond
                         * the end of the core file in which case the read will
                         * return 0 (EOF).
                         */
                        if (cc == 0)
                                break;
                        cp = (const char *)cp + cc;
                        kva += cc;
                        len -= cc;
                }
                return ((const char *)cp - (const char *)buf);
        }
        /* NOTREACHED */
}