/*
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs
 */
#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/utsname.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/kdebug.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/sched/debug.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/kexec.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/kasan.h>

#include <asm/cpu_entry_area.h>
#include <asm/stacktrace.h>
#include <asm/unwind.h>

static int die_counter;

static struct pt_regs exec_summary_regs;

bool noinstr in_task_stack(unsigned long *stack, struct task_struct *task,
                           struct stack_info *info)
{
        unsigned long *begin = task_stack_page(task);
        unsigned long *end   = task_stack_page(task) + THREAD_SIZE;

        if (stack < begin || stack >= end)
                return false;

        info->type      = STACK_TYPE_TASK;
        info->begin     = begin;
        info->end       = end;
        info->next_sp   = NULL;

        return true;
}

/* Called from get_stack_info_noinstr - so must be noinstr too */
bool noinstr in_entry_stack(unsigned long *stack, struct stack_info *info)
{
        struct entry_stack *ss = cpu_entry_stack(smp_processor_id());

        void *begin = ss;
        void *end = ss + 1;

        if ((void *)stack < begin || (void *)stack >= end)
                return false;

        info->type      = STACK_TYPE_ENTRY;
        info->begin     = begin;
        info->end       = end;
        info->next_sp   = NULL;

        return true;
}

static void printk_stack_address(unsigned long address, int reliable,
                                 const char *log_lvl)
{
        touch_nmi_watchdog();
        printk("%s %s%pBb\n", log_lvl, reliable ? "" : "? ", (void *)address);
}

static int copy_code(struct pt_regs *regs, u8 *buf, unsigned long src,
                     unsigned int nbytes)
{
        if (!user_mode(regs))
                return copy_from_kernel_nofault(buf, (u8 *)src, nbytes);

        /* The user space code from other tasks cannot be accessed. */
        if (regs != task_pt_regs(current))
                return -EPERM;

        /*
         * Even if named copy_from_user_nmi() this can be invoked from
         * other contexts and will not try to resolve a pagefault, which is
         * the correct thing to do here as this code can be called from any
         * context.
         */
        return copy_from_user_nmi(buf, (void __user *)src, nbytes);
}

/*
 * There are a couple of reasons for the 2/3rd prologue, courtesy of Linus:
 *
 * In case where we don't have the exact kernel image (which, if we did, we can
 * simply disassemble and navigate to the RIP), the purpose of the bigger
 * prologue is to have more context and to be able to correlate the code from
 * the different toolchains better.
 *
 * In addition, it helps in recreating the register allocation of the failing
 * kernel and thus make sense of the register dump.
 *
 * What is more, the additional complication of a variable length insn arch like
 * x86 warrants having longer byte sequence before rIP so that the disassembler
 * can "sync" up properly and find instruction boundaries when decoding the
 * opcode bytes.
 *
 * Thus, the 2/3rds prologue and 64 byte OPCODE_BUFSIZE is just a random
 * guesstimate in attempt to achieve all of the above.
 */
void show_opcodes(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *loglvl)
{
#define PROLOGUE_SIZE 42
#define EPILOGUE_SIZE 21
#define OPCODE_BUFSIZE (PROLOGUE_SIZE + 1 + EPILOGUE_SIZE)
        u8 opcodes[OPCODE_BUFSIZE];
        unsigned long prologue = regs->ip - PROLOGUE_SIZE;

        switch (copy_code(regs, opcodes, prologue, sizeof(opcodes))) {
        case 0:
                printk("%sCode: %" __stringify(PROLOGUE_SIZE) "ph <%02x> %"
                       __stringify(EPILOGUE_SIZE) "ph\n", loglvl, opcodes,
                       opcodes[PROLOGUE_SIZE], opcodes + PROLOGUE_SIZE + 1);
                break;
        case -EPERM:
                /* No access to the user space stack of other tasks. Ignore. */
                break;
        default:
                printk("%sCode: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0x%lx.\n",
                       loglvl, prologue);
                break;
        }
}

void show_ip(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *loglvl)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
        printk("%sEIP: %pS\n", loglvl, (void *)regs->ip);
#else
        printk("%sRIP: %04x:%pS\n", loglvl, (int)regs->cs, (void *)regs->ip);
#endif
        show_opcodes(regs, loglvl);
}

void show_iret_regs(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *log_lvl)
{
        show_ip(regs, log_lvl);
        printk("%sRSP: %04x:%016lx EFLAGS: %08lx", log_lvl, (int)regs->ss,
                regs->sp, regs->flags);
}

static void show_regs_if_on_stack(struct stack_info *info, struct pt_regs *regs,
                                  bool partial, const char *log_lvl)
{
        /*
         * These on_stack() checks aren't strictly necessary: the unwind code
         * has already validated the 'regs' pointer.  The checks are done for
         * ordering reasons: if the registers are on the next stack, we don't
         * want to print them out yet.  Otherwise they'll be shown as part of
         * the wrong stack.  Later, when show_trace_log_lvl() switches to the
         * next stack, this function will be called again with the same regs so
         * they can be printed in the right context.
         */
        if (!partial && on_stack(info, regs, sizeof(*regs))) {
                __show_regs(regs, SHOW_REGS_SHORT, log_lvl);

        } else if (partial && on_stack(info, (void *)regs + IRET_FRAME_OFFSET,
                                       IRET_FRAME_SIZE)) {
                /*
                 * When an interrupt or exception occurs in entry code, the
                 * full pt_regs might not have been saved yet.  In that case
                 * just print the iret frame.
                 */
                show_iret_regs(regs, log_lvl);
        }
}

/*
 * This function reads pointers from the stack and dereferences them. The
 * pointers may not have their KMSAN shadow set up properly, which may result
 * in false positive reports. Disable instrumentation to avoid those.
 */
__no_kmsan_checks
static void __show_trace_log_lvl(struct task_struct *task, struct pt_regs *regs,
                                 unsigned long *stack, const char *log_lvl)
{
        struct unwind_state state;
        struct stack_info stack_info = {0};
        unsigned long visit_mask = 0;
        int graph_idx = 0;
        bool partial = false;

        printk("%sCall Trace:\n", log_lvl);

        unwind_start(&state, task, regs, stack);
        stack = stack ?: get_stack_pointer(task, regs);
        regs = unwind_get_entry_regs(&state, &partial);

        /*
         * Iterate through the stacks, starting with the current stack pointer.
         * Each stack has a pointer to the next one.
         *
         * x86-64 can have several stacks:
         * - task stack
         * - interrupt stack
         * - HW exception stacks (double fault, nmi, debug, mce)
         * - entry stack
         *
         * x86-32 can have up to four stacks:
         * - task stack
         * - softirq stack
         * - hardirq stack
         * - entry stack
         */
        for (; stack; stack = stack_info.next_sp) {
                const char *stack_name;

                stack = PTR_ALIGN(stack, sizeof(long));

                if (get_stack_info(stack, task, &stack_info, &visit_mask)) {
                        /*
                         * We weren't on a valid stack.  It's possible that
                         * we overflowed a valid stack into a guard page.
                         * See if the next page up is valid so that we can
                         * generate some kind of backtrace if this happens.
                         */
                        stack = (unsigned long *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)stack);
                        if (get_stack_info(stack, task, &stack_info, &visit_mask))
                                break;
                }

                stack_name = stack_type_name(stack_info.type);
                if (stack_name)
                        printk("%s <%s>\n", log_lvl, stack_name);

                if (regs)
                        show_regs_if_on_stack(&stack_info, regs, partial, log_lvl);

                /*
                 * Scan the stack, printing any text addresses we find.  At the
                 * same time, follow proper stack frames with the unwinder.
                 *
                 * Addresses found during the scan which are not reported by
                 * the unwinder are considered to be additional clues which are
                 * sometimes useful for debugging and are prefixed with '?'.
                 * This also serves as a failsafe option in case the unwinder
                 * goes off in the weeds.
                 */
                for (; stack < stack_info.end; stack++) {
                        unsigned long real_addr;
                        int reliable = 0;
                        unsigned long addr = READ_ONCE_NOCHECK(*stack);
                        unsigned long *ret_addr_p =
                                unwind_get_return_address_ptr(&state);

                        if (!__kernel_text_address(addr))
                                continue;

                        /*
                         * Don't print regs->ip again if it was already printed
                         * by show_regs_if_on_stack().
                         */
                        if (regs && stack == &regs->ip)
                                goto next;

                        if (stack == ret_addr_p)
                                reliable = 1;

                        /*
                         * When function graph tracing is enabled for a
                         * function, its return address on the stack is
                         * replaced with the address of an ftrace handler
                         * (return_to_handler).  In that case, before printing
                         * the "real" address, we want to print the handler
                         * address as an "unreliable" hint that function graph
                         * tracing was involved.
                         */
                        real_addr = ftrace_graph_ret_addr(task, &graph_idx,
                                                          addr, stack);
                        if (real_addr != addr)
                                printk_stack_address(addr, 0, log_lvl);
                        printk_stack_address(real_addr, reliable, log_lvl);

                        if (!reliable)
                                continue;

next:
                        /*
                         * Get the next frame from the unwinder.  No need to
                         * check for an error: if anything goes wrong, the rest
                         * of the addresses will just be printed as unreliable.
                         */
                        unwind_next_frame(&state);

                        /* if the frame has entry regs, print them */
                        regs = unwind_get_entry_regs(&state, &partial);
                        if (regs)
                                show_regs_if_on_stack(&stack_info, regs, partial, log_lvl);
                }

                if (stack_name)
                        printk("%s </%s>\n", log_lvl, stack_name);
        }
}

static void show_trace_log_lvl(struct task_struct *task, struct pt_regs *regs,
                               unsigned long *stack, const char *log_lvl)
{
        /*
         * Disable KASAN to avoid false positives during walking another
         * task's stacks, as values on these stacks may change concurrently
         * with task execution.
         */
        bool disable_kasan = task && task != current;

        if (disable_kasan)
                kasan_disable_current();

        __show_trace_log_lvl(task, regs, stack, log_lvl);

        if (disable_kasan)
                kasan_enable_current();
}

void show_stack(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long *sp,
                       const char *loglvl)
{
        task = task ? : current;

        /*
         * Stack frames below this one aren't interesting.  Don't show them
         * if we're printing for %current.
         */
        if (!sp && task == current)
                sp = get_stack_pointer(current, NULL);

        show_trace_log_lvl(task, NULL, sp, loglvl);
}

void show_stack_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        show_trace_log_lvl(current, regs, NULL, KERN_DEFAULT);
}

static arch_spinlock_t die_lock = __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
static int die_owner = -1;
static unsigned int die_nest_count;

unsigned long oops_begin(void)
{
        int cpu;
        unsigned long flags;

        oops_enter();

        /* racy, but better than risking deadlock. */
        raw_local_irq_save(flags);
        cpu = smp_processor_id();
        if (!arch_spin_trylock(&die_lock)) {
                if (cpu == die_owner)
                        /* nested oops. should stop eventually */;
                else
                        arch_spin_lock(&die_lock);
        }
        die_nest_count++;
        die_owner = cpu;
        console_verbose();
        bust_spinlocks(1);
        return flags;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(oops_begin);

void __noreturn rewind_stack_and_make_dead(int signr);

void oops_end(unsigned long flags, struct pt_regs *regs, int signr)
{
        if (regs && kexec_should_crash(current))
                crash_kexec(regs);

        bust_spinlocks(0);
        die_owner = -1;
        add_taint(TAINT_DIE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
        die_nest_count--;
        if (!die_nest_count)
                /* Nest count reaches zero, release the lock. */
                arch_spin_unlock(&die_lock);
        raw_local_irq_restore(flags);
        oops_exit();

        /* Executive summary in case the oops scrolled away */
        __show_regs(&exec_summary_regs, SHOW_REGS_ALL, KERN_DEFAULT);

        if (!signr)
                return;
        if (in_interrupt())
                panic("Fatal exception in interrupt");
        if (panic_on_oops)
                panic("Fatal exception");

        /*
         * We're not going to return, but we might be on an IST stack or
         * have very little stack space left.  Rewind the stack and kill
         * the task.
         * Before we rewind the stack, we have to tell KASAN that we're going to
         * reuse the task stack and that existing poisons are invalid.
         */
        kasan_unpoison_task_stack(current);
        rewind_stack_and_make_dead(signr);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(oops_end);

static void __die_header(const char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err)
{
        /* Save the regs of the first oops for the executive summary later. */
        if (!die_counter)
                exec_summary_regs = *regs;

        printk(KERN_DEFAULT
               "Oops: %s: %04lx [#%d]%s%s%s%s\n", str, err & 0xffff,
               ++die_counter,
               IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP)     ? " SMP"             : "",
               debug_pagealloc_enabled()  ? " DEBUG_PAGEALLOC" : "",
               IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN)   ? " KASAN"           : "",
               IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MITIGATION_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION) ?
               (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PTI) ? " PTI" : " NOPTI") : "");
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__die_header);

static int __die_body(const char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err)
{
        show_regs(regs);
        print_modules();

        if (notify_die(DIE_OOPS, str, regs, err,
                        current->thread.trap_nr, SIGSEGV) == NOTIFY_STOP)
                return 1;

        return 0;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__die_body);

int __die(const char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err)
{
        __die_header(str, regs, err);
        return __die_body(str, regs, err);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__die);

/*
 * This is gone through when something in the kernel has done something bad
 * and is about to be terminated:
 */
void die(const char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err)
{
        unsigned long flags = oops_begin();
        int sig = SIGSEGV;

        if (__die(str, regs, err))
                sig = 0;
        oops_end(flags, regs, sig);
}

void die_addr(const char *str, struct pt_regs *regs, long err, long gp_addr)
{
        unsigned long flags = oops_begin();
        int sig = SIGSEGV;

        __die_header(str, regs, err);
        if (gp_addr)
                kasan_non_canonical_hook(gp_addr);
        if (__die_body(str, regs, err))
                sig = 0;
        oops_end(flags, regs, sig);
}

void show_regs(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        enum show_regs_mode print_kernel_regs;

        show_regs_print_info(KERN_DEFAULT);

        print_kernel_regs = user_mode(regs) ? SHOW_REGS_USER : SHOW_REGS_ALL;
        __show_regs(regs, print_kernel_regs, KERN_DEFAULT);

        /*
         * When in-kernel, we also print out the stack at the time of the fault..
         */
        if (!user_mode(regs))
                show_trace_log_lvl(current, regs, NULL, KERN_DEFAULT);
}