/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006
 *      Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006, 2008
 *      Hans Petter Selasky <hselasky@FreeBSD.org>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
/*-
 * Ralink Technology RT2500USB chipset driver
 * http://www.ralinktech.com/
 */

#include "opt_wlan.h"

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/sockio.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/mbuf.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/module.h>
#include <sys/bus.h>
#include <sys/endian.h>
#include <sys/kdb.h>

#include <net/bpf.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/if_var.h>
#include <net/if_arp.h>
#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <net/if_dl.h>
#include <net/if_media.h>
#include <net/if_types.h>

#ifdef INET
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/in_var.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#endif

#include <net80211/ieee80211_var.h>
#include <net80211/ieee80211_regdomain.h>
#include <net80211/ieee80211_radiotap.h>
#include <net80211/ieee80211_ratectl.h>

#include <dev/usb/usb.h>
#include <dev/usb/usbdi.h>
#include "usbdevs.h"

#define USB_DEBUG_VAR ural_debug
#include <dev/usb/usb_debug.h>

#include <dev/usb/wlan/if_uralreg.h>
#include <dev/usb/wlan/if_uralvar.h>

#ifdef USB_DEBUG
static int ural_debug = 0;

static SYSCTL_NODE(_hw_usb, OID_AUTO, ural, CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, 0,
    "USB ural");
SYSCTL_INT(_hw_usb_ural, OID_AUTO, debug, CTLFLAG_RWTUN, &ural_debug, 0,
    "Debug level");
#endif

#define URAL_RSSI(rssi)                                 \
        ((rssi) > (RAL_NOISE_FLOOR + RAL_RSSI_CORR) ?   \
         ((rssi) - (RAL_NOISE_FLOOR + RAL_RSSI_CORR)) : 0)

/* various supported device vendors/products */
static const STRUCT_USB_HOST_ID ural_devs[] = {
#define URAL_DEV(v,p)  { USB_VP(USB_VENDOR_##v, USB_PRODUCT_##v##_##p) }
        URAL_DEV(ASUS, WL167G),
        URAL_DEV(ASUS, RT2570),
        URAL_DEV(BELKIN, F5D7050),
        URAL_DEV(BELKIN, F5D7051),
        URAL_DEV(CISCOLINKSYS, HU200TS),
        URAL_DEV(CISCOLINKSYS, WUSB54G),
        URAL_DEV(CISCOLINKSYS, WUSB54GP),
        URAL_DEV(CONCEPTRONIC2, C54RU),
        URAL_DEV(DLINK, DWLG122),
        URAL_DEV(GIGABYTE, GN54G),
        URAL_DEV(GIGABYTE, GNWBKG),
        URAL_DEV(GUILLEMOT, HWGUSB254),
        URAL_DEV(MELCO, KG54),
        URAL_DEV(MELCO, KG54AI),
        URAL_DEV(MELCO, KG54YB),
        URAL_DEV(MELCO, NINWIFI),
        URAL_DEV(MSI, RT2570),
        URAL_DEV(MSI, RT2570_2),
        URAL_DEV(MSI, RT2570_3),
        URAL_DEV(NOVATECH, NV902),
        URAL_DEV(RALINK, RT2570),
        URAL_DEV(RALINK, RT2570_2),
        URAL_DEV(RALINK, RT2570_3),
        URAL_DEV(SIEMENS2, WL54G),
        URAL_DEV(SMC, 2862WG),
        URAL_DEV(SPHAIRON, UB801R),
        URAL_DEV(SURECOM, RT2570),
        URAL_DEV(VTECH, RT2570),
        URAL_DEV(ZINWELL, RT2570),
#undef URAL_DEV
};

static usb_callback_t ural_bulk_read_callback;
static usb_callback_t ural_bulk_write_callback;

static usb_error_t      ural_do_request(struct ural_softc *sc,
                            struct usb_device_request *req, void *data);
static struct ieee80211vap *ural_vap_create(struct ieee80211com *,
                            const char [IFNAMSIZ], int, enum ieee80211_opmode,
                            int, const uint8_t [IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN],
                            const uint8_t [IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN]);
static void             ural_vap_delete(struct ieee80211vap *);
static void             ural_tx_free(struct ural_tx_data *, int);
static void             ural_setup_tx_list(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_unsetup_tx_list(struct ural_softc *);
static int              ural_newstate(struct ieee80211vap *,
                            enum ieee80211_state, int);
static void             ural_setup_tx_desc(struct ural_softc *,
                            struct ural_tx_desc *, uint32_t, int, int);
static int              ural_tx_bcn(struct ural_softc *, struct mbuf *,
                            struct ieee80211_node *);
static int              ural_tx_mgt(struct ural_softc *, struct mbuf *,
                            struct ieee80211_node *);
static int              ural_tx_data(struct ural_softc *, struct mbuf *,
                            struct ieee80211_node *);
static int              ural_transmit(struct ieee80211com *, struct mbuf *);
static void             ural_start(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_parent(struct ieee80211com *);
static void             ural_set_testmode(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_eeprom_read(struct ural_softc *, uint16_t, void *,
                            int);
static uint16_t         ural_read(struct ural_softc *, uint16_t);
static void             ural_read_multi(struct ural_softc *, uint16_t, void *,
                            int);
static void             ural_write(struct ural_softc *, uint16_t, uint16_t);
static void             ural_write_multi(struct ural_softc *, uint16_t, void *,
                            int) __unused;
static void             ural_bbp_write(struct ural_softc *, uint8_t, uint8_t);
static uint8_t          ural_bbp_read(struct ural_softc *, uint8_t);
static void             ural_rf_write(struct ural_softc *, uint8_t, uint32_t);
static void             ural_scan_start(struct ieee80211com *);
static void             ural_scan_end(struct ieee80211com *);
static void             ural_getradiocaps(struct ieee80211com *, int, int *,
                            struct ieee80211_channel[]);
static void             ural_set_channel(struct ieee80211com *);
static void             ural_set_chan(struct ural_softc *,
                            struct ieee80211_channel *);
static void             ural_disable_rf_tune(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_enable_tsf_sync(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_enable_tsf(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_update_slot(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_set_txpreamble(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_set_basicrates(struct ural_softc *,
                            const struct ieee80211_channel *);
static void             ural_set_bssid(struct ural_softc *, const uint8_t *);
static void             ural_set_macaddr(struct ural_softc *, const uint8_t *);
static void             ural_update_promisc(struct ieee80211com *);
static void             ural_setpromisc(struct ural_softc *);
static const char       *ural_get_rf(int);
static void             ural_read_eeprom(struct ural_softc *);
static int              ural_bbp_init(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_set_txantenna(struct ural_softc *, int);
static void             ural_set_rxantenna(struct ural_softc *, int);
static void             ural_init(struct ural_softc *);
static void             ural_stop(struct ural_softc *);
static int              ural_raw_xmit(struct ieee80211_node *, struct mbuf *,
                            const struct ieee80211_bpf_params *);
static void             ural_ratectl_start(struct ural_softc *,
                            struct ieee80211_node *);
static void             ural_ratectl_timeout(void *);
static void             ural_ratectl_task(void *, int);
static int              ural_pause(struct ural_softc *sc, int timeout);

/*
 * Default values for MAC registers; values taken from the reference driver.
 */
static const struct {
        uint16_t        reg;
        uint16_t        val;
} ural_def_mac[] = {
        { RAL_TXRX_CSR5,  0x8c8d },
        { RAL_TXRX_CSR6,  0x8b8a },
        { RAL_TXRX_CSR7,  0x8687 },
        { RAL_TXRX_CSR8,  0x0085 },
        { RAL_MAC_CSR13,  0x1111 },
        { RAL_MAC_CSR14,  0x1e11 },
        { RAL_TXRX_CSR21, 0xe78f },
        { RAL_MAC_CSR9,   0xff1d },
        { RAL_MAC_CSR11,  0x0002 },
        { RAL_MAC_CSR22,  0x0053 },
        { RAL_MAC_CSR15,  0x0000 },
        { RAL_MAC_CSR8,   RAL_FRAME_SIZE },
        { RAL_TXRX_CSR19, 0x0000 },
        { RAL_TXRX_CSR18, 0x005a },
        { RAL_PHY_CSR2,   0x0000 },
        { RAL_TXRX_CSR0,  0x1ec0 },
        { RAL_PHY_CSR4,   0x000f }
};

/*
 * Default values for BBP registers; values taken from the reference driver.
 */
static const struct {
        uint8_t reg;
        uint8_t val;
} ural_def_bbp[] = {
        {  3, 0x02 },
        {  4, 0x19 },
        { 14, 0x1c },
        { 15, 0x30 },
        { 16, 0xac },
        { 17, 0x48 },
        { 18, 0x18 },
        { 19, 0xff },
        { 20, 0x1e },
        { 21, 0x08 },
        { 22, 0x08 },
        { 23, 0x08 },
        { 24, 0x80 },
        { 25, 0x50 },
        { 26, 0x08 },
        { 27, 0x23 },
        { 30, 0x10 },
        { 31, 0x2b },
        { 32, 0xb9 },
        { 34, 0x12 },
        { 35, 0x50 },
        { 39, 0xc4 },
        { 40, 0x02 },
        { 41, 0x60 },
        { 53, 0x10 },
        { 54, 0x18 },
        { 56, 0x08 },
        { 57, 0x10 },
        { 58, 0x08 },
        { 61, 0x60 },
        { 62, 0x10 },
        { 75, 0xff }
};

/*
 * Default values for RF register R2 indexed by channel numbers.
 */
static const uint32_t ural_rf2522_r2[] = {
        0x307f6, 0x307fb, 0x30800, 0x30805, 0x3080a, 0x3080f, 0x30814,
        0x30819, 0x3081e, 0x30823, 0x30828, 0x3082d, 0x30832, 0x3083e
};

static const uint32_t ural_rf2523_r2[] = {
        0x00327, 0x00328, 0x00329, 0x0032a, 0x0032b, 0x0032c, 0x0032d,
        0x0032e, 0x0032f, 0x00340, 0x00341, 0x00342, 0x00343, 0x00346
};

static const uint32_t ural_rf2524_r2[] = {
        0x00327, 0x00328, 0x00329, 0x0032a, 0x0032b, 0x0032c, 0x0032d,
        0x0032e, 0x0032f, 0x00340, 0x00341, 0x00342, 0x00343, 0x00346
};

static const uint32_t ural_rf2525_r2[] = {
        0x20327, 0x20328, 0x20329, 0x2032a, 0x2032b, 0x2032c, 0x2032d,
        0x2032e, 0x2032f, 0x20340, 0x20341, 0x20342, 0x20343, 0x20346
};

static const uint32_t ural_rf2525_hi_r2[] = {
        0x2032f, 0x20340, 0x20341, 0x20342, 0x20343, 0x20344, 0x20345,
        0x20346, 0x20347, 0x20348, 0x20349, 0x2034a, 0x2034b, 0x2034e
};

static const uint32_t ural_rf2525e_r2[] = {
        0x2044d, 0x2044e, 0x2044f, 0x20460, 0x20461, 0x20462, 0x20463,
        0x20464, 0x20465, 0x20466, 0x20467, 0x20468, 0x20469, 0x2046b
};

static const uint32_t ural_rf2526_hi_r2[] = {
        0x0022a, 0x0022b, 0x0022b, 0x0022c, 0x0022c, 0x0022d, 0x0022d,
        0x0022e, 0x0022e, 0x0022f, 0x0022d, 0x00240, 0x00240, 0x00241
};

static const uint32_t ural_rf2526_r2[] = {
        0x00226, 0x00227, 0x00227, 0x00228, 0x00228, 0x00229, 0x00229,
        0x0022a, 0x0022a, 0x0022b, 0x0022b, 0x0022c, 0x0022c, 0x0022d
};

/*
 * For dual-band RF, RF registers R1 and R4 also depend on channel number;
 * values taken from the reference driver.
 */
static const struct {
        uint8_t         chan;
        uint32_t        r1;
        uint32_t        r2;
        uint32_t        r4;
} ural_rf5222[] = {
        {   1, 0x08808, 0x0044d, 0x00282 },
        {   2, 0x08808, 0x0044e, 0x00282 },
        {   3, 0x08808, 0x0044f, 0x00282 },
        {   4, 0x08808, 0x00460, 0x00282 },
        {   5, 0x08808, 0x00461, 0x00282 },
        {   6, 0x08808, 0x00462, 0x00282 },
        {   7, 0x08808, 0x00463, 0x00282 },
        {   8, 0x08808, 0x00464, 0x00282 },
        {   9, 0x08808, 0x00465, 0x00282 },
        {  10, 0x08808, 0x00466, 0x00282 },
        {  11, 0x08808, 0x00467, 0x00282 },
        {  12, 0x08808, 0x00468, 0x00282 },
        {  13, 0x08808, 0x00469, 0x00282 },
        {  14, 0x08808, 0x0046b, 0x00286 },

        {  36, 0x08804, 0x06225, 0x00287 },
        {  40, 0x08804, 0x06226, 0x00287 },
        {  44, 0x08804, 0x06227, 0x00287 },
        {  48, 0x08804, 0x06228, 0x00287 },
        {  52, 0x08804, 0x06229, 0x00287 },
        {  56, 0x08804, 0x0622a, 0x00287 },
        {  60, 0x08804, 0x0622b, 0x00287 },
        {  64, 0x08804, 0x0622c, 0x00287 },

        { 100, 0x08804, 0x02200, 0x00283 },
        { 104, 0x08804, 0x02201, 0x00283 },
        { 108, 0x08804, 0x02202, 0x00283 },
        { 112, 0x08804, 0x02203, 0x00283 },
        { 116, 0x08804, 0x02204, 0x00283 },
        { 120, 0x08804, 0x02205, 0x00283 },
        { 124, 0x08804, 0x02206, 0x00283 },
        { 128, 0x08804, 0x02207, 0x00283 },
        { 132, 0x08804, 0x02208, 0x00283 },
        { 136, 0x08804, 0x02209, 0x00283 },
        { 140, 0x08804, 0x0220a, 0x00283 },

        { 149, 0x08808, 0x02429, 0x00281 },
        { 153, 0x08808, 0x0242b, 0x00281 },
        { 157, 0x08808, 0x0242d, 0x00281 },
        { 161, 0x08808, 0x0242f, 0x00281 }
};

static const uint8_t ural_chan_5ghz[] =
        { 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64,
          100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120, 124, 128, 132, 136, 140,
          149, 153, 157, 161 };

static const struct usb_config ural_config[URAL_N_TRANSFER] = {
        [URAL_BULK_WR] = {
                .type = UE_BULK,
                .endpoint = UE_ADDR_ANY,
                .direction = UE_DIR_OUT,
                .bufsize = (RAL_FRAME_SIZE + RAL_TX_DESC_SIZE + 4),
                .flags = {.pipe_bof = 1,.force_short_xfer = 1,},
                .callback = ural_bulk_write_callback,
                .timeout = 5000,        /* ms */
        },
        [URAL_BULK_RD] = {
                .type = UE_BULK,
                .endpoint = UE_ADDR_ANY,
                .direction = UE_DIR_IN,
                .bufsize = (RAL_FRAME_SIZE + RAL_RX_DESC_SIZE),
                .flags = {.pipe_bof = 1,.short_xfer_ok = 1,},
                .callback = ural_bulk_read_callback,
        },
};

static device_probe_t ural_match;
static device_attach_t ural_attach;
static device_detach_t ural_detach;

static device_method_t ural_methods[] = {
        /* Device interface */
        DEVMETHOD(device_probe,         ural_match),
        DEVMETHOD(device_attach,        ural_attach),
        DEVMETHOD(device_detach,        ural_detach),
        DEVMETHOD_END
};

static driver_t ural_driver = {
        .name = "ural",
        .methods = ural_methods,
        .size = sizeof(struct ural_softc),
};

DRIVER_MODULE(ural, uhub, ural_driver, NULL, NULL);
MODULE_DEPEND(ural, usb, 1, 1, 1);
MODULE_DEPEND(ural, wlan, 1, 1, 1);
MODULE_VERSION(ural, 1);
USB_PNP_HOST_INFO(ural_devs);

static int
ural_match(device_t self)
{
        struct usb_attach_arg *uaa = device_get_ivars(self);

        if (uaa->usb_mode != USB_MODE_HOST)
                return (ENXIO);
        if (uaa->info.bConfigIndex != 0)
                return (ENXIO);
        if (uaa->info.bIfaceIndex != RAL_IFACE_INDEX)
                return (ENXIO);

        return (usbd_lookup_id_by_uaa(ural_devs, sizeof(ural_devs), uaa));
}

static int
ural_attach(device_t self)
{
        struct usb_attach_arg *uaa = device_get_ivars(self);
        struct ural_softc *sc = device_get_softc(self);
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;
        uint8_t iface_index;
        int error;

        device_set_usb_desc(self);
        sc->sc_udev = uaa->device;
        sc->sc_dev = self;

        mtx_init(&sc->sc_mtx, device_get_nameunit(self),
            MTX_NETWORK_LOCK, MTX_DEF);
        mbufq_init(&sc->sc_snd, ifqmaxlen);

        iface_index = RAL_IFACE_INDEX;
        error = usbd_transfer_setup(uaa->device,
            &iface_index, sc->sc_xfer, ural_config,
            URAL_N_TRANSFER, sc, &sc->sc_mtx);
        if (error) {
                device_printf(self, "could not allocate USB transfers, "
                    "err=%s\n", usbd_errstr(error));
                goto detach;
        }

        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        /* retrieve RT2570 rev. no */
        sc->asic_rev = ural_read(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR0);

        /* retrieve MAC address and various other things from EEPROM */
        ural_read_eeprom(sc);
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);

        device_printf(self, "MAC/BBP RT2570 (rev 0x%02x), RF %s\n",
            sc->asic_rev, ural_get_rf(sc->rf_rev));

        ic->ic_softc = sc;
        ic->ic_name = device_get_nameunit(self);
        ic->ic_phytype = IEEE80211_T_OFDM; /* not only, but not used */

        /* set device capabilities */
        ic->ic_caps =
              IEEE80211_C_STA           /* station mode supported */
            | IEEE80211_C_IBSS          /* IBSS mode supported */
            | IEEE80211_C_MONITOR       /* monitor mode supported */
            | IEEE80211_C_HOSTAP        /* HostAp mode supported */
            | IEEE80211_C_TXPMGT        /* tx power management */
            | IEEE80211_C_SHPREAMBLE    /* short preamble supported */
            | IEEE80211_C_SHSLOT        /* short slot time supported */
            | IEEE80211_C_BGSCAN        /* bg scanning supported */
            | IEEE80211_C_WPA           /* 802.11i */
            ;

        ural_getradiocaps(ic, IEEE80211_CHAN_MAX, &ic->ic_nchans,
            ic->ic_channels);

        ieee80211_ifattach(ic);
        ic->ic_update_promisc = ural_update_promisc;
        ic->ic_raw_xmit = ural_raw_xmit;
        ic->ic_scan_start = ural_scan_start;
        ic->ic_scan_end = ural_scan_end;
        ic->ic_getradiocaps = ural_getradiocaps;
        ic->ic_set_channel = ural_set_channel;
        ic->ic_parent = ural_parent;
        ic->ic_transmit = ural_transmit;
        ic->ic_vap_create = ural_vap_create;
        ic->ic_vap_delete = ural_vap_delete;

        ieee80211_radiotap_attach(ic,
            &sc->sc_txtap.wt_ihdr, sizeof(sc->sc_txtap),
                RAL_TX_RADIOTAP_PRESENT,
            &sc->sc_rxtap.wr_ihdr, sizeof(sc->sc_rxtap),
                RAL_RX_RADIOTAP_PRESENT);

        if (bootverbose)
                ieee80211_announce(ic);

        return (0);

detach:
        ural_detach(self);
        return (ENXIO);                 /* failure */
}

static int
ural_detach(device_t self)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = device_get_softc(self);
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;

        /* prevent further ioctls */
        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        sc->sc_detached = 1;
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);

        /* stop all USB transfers */
        usbd_transfer_unsetup(sc->sc_xfer, URAL_N_TRANSFER);

        /* free TX list, if any */
        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        ural_unsetup_tx_list(sc);
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);

        if (ic->ic_softc == sc)
                ieee80211_ifdetach(ic);
        mbufq_drain(&sc->sc_snd);
        mtx_destroy(&sc->sc_mtx);

        return (0);
}

static usb_error_t
ural_do_request(struct ural_softc *sc,
    struct usb_device_request *req, void *data)
{
        usb_error_t err;
        int ntries = 10;

        while (ntries--) {
                err = usbd_do_request_flags(sc->sc_udev, &sc->sc_mtx,
                    req, data, 0, NULL, 250 /* ms */);
                if (err == 0)
                        break;

                DPRINTFN(1, "Control request failed, %s (retrying)\n",
                    usbd_errstr(err));
                if (ural_pause(sc, hz / 100))
                        break;
        }
        return (err);
}

static struct ieee80211vap *
ural_vap_create(struct ieee80211com *ic, const char name[IFNAMSIZ], int unit,
    enum ieee80211_opmode opmode, int flags,
    const uint8_t bssid[IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN],
    const uint8_t mac[IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN])
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;
        struct ural_vap *uvp;
        struct ieee80211vap *vap;

        if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&ic->ic_vaps))         /* only one at a time */
                return NULL;
        uvp = malloc(sizeof(struct ural_vap), M_80211_VAP, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
        vap = &uvp->vap;
        /* enable s/w bmiss handling for sta mode */

        if (ieee80211_vap_setup(ic, vap, name, unit, opmode,
            flags | IEEE80211_CLONE_NOBEACONS, bssid) != 0) {
                /* out of memory */
                free(uvp, M_80211_VAP);
                return (NULL);
        }

        /* override state transition machine */
        uvp->newstate = vap->iv_newstate;
        vap->iv_newstate = ural_newstate;

        usb_callout_init_mtx(&uvp->ratectl_ch, &sc->sc_mtx, 0);
        TASK_INIT(&uvp->ratectl_task, 0, ural_ratectl_task, uvp);
        ieee80211_ratectl_init(vap);
        ieee80211_ratectl_setinterval(vap, 1000 /* 1 sec */);

        /* complete setup */
        ieee80211_vap_attach(vap, ieee80211_media_change,
            ieee80211_media_status, mac);
        ic->ic_opmode = opmode;
        return vap;
}

static void
ural_vap_delete(struct ieee80211vap *vap)
{
        struct ural_vap *uvp = URAL_VAP(vap);
        struct ieee80211com *ic = vap->iv_ic;

        usb_callout_drain(&uvp->ratectl_ch);
        ieee80211_draintask(ic, &uvp->ratectl_task);
        ieee80211_ratectl_deinit(vap);
        ieee80211_vap_detach(vap);
        free(uvp, M_80211_VAP);
}

static void
ural_tx_free(struct ural_tx_data *data, int txerr)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = data->sc;

        if (data->m != NULL) {
                ieee80211_tx_complete(data->ni, data->m, txerr);
                data->m = NULL;
                data->ni = NULL;
        }
        STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sc->tx_free, data, next);
        sc->tx_nfree++;
}

static void
ural_setup_tx_list(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        struct ural_tx_data *data;
        int i;

        sc->tx_nfree = 0;
        STAILQ_INIT(&sc->tx_q);
        STAILQ_INIT(&sc->tx_free);

        for (i = 0; i < RAL_TX_LIST_COUNT; i++) {
                data = &sc->tx_data[i];

                data->sc = sc;
                STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sc->tx_free, data, next);
                sc->tx_nfree++;
        }
}

static void
ural_unsetup_tx_list(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        struct ural_tx_data *data;
        int i;

        /* make sure any subsequent use of the queues will fail */
        sc->tx_nfree = 0;
        STAILQ_INIT(&sc->tx_q);
        STAILQ_INIT(&sc->tx_free);

        /* free up all node references and mbufs */
        for (i = 0; i < RAL_TX_LIST_COUNT; i++) {
                data = &sc->tx_data[i];

                if (data->m != NULL) {
                        m_freem(data->m);
                        data->m = NULL;
                }
                if (data->ni != NULL) {
                        ieee80211_free_node(data->ni);
                        data->ni = NULL;
                }
        }
}

static int
ural_newstate(struct ieee80211vap *vap, enum ieee80211_state nstate, int arg)
{
        struct ural_vap *uvp = URAL_VAP(vap);
        struct ieee80211com *ic = vap->iv_ic;
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;
        const struct ieee80211_txparam *tp;
        struct ieee80211_node *ni;
        struct mbuf *m;

        DPRINTF("%s -> %s\n",
                ieee80211_state_name[vap->iv_state],
                ieee80211_state_name[nstate]);

        IEEE80211_UNLOCK(ic);
        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        usb_callout_stop(&uvp->ratectl_ch);

        switch (nstate) {
        case IEEE80211_S_INIT:
                if (vap->iv_state == IEEE80211_S_RUN) {
                        /* abort TSF synchronization */
                        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR19, 0);

                        /* force tx led to stop blinking */
                        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR20, 0);
                }
                break;

        case IEEE80211_S_RUN:
                ni = ieee80211_ref_node(vap->iv_bss);

                if (vap->iv_opmode != IEEE80211_M_MONITOR) {
                        if (ic->ic_bsschan == IEEE80211_CHAN_ANYC)
                                goto fail;

                        ural_update_slot(sc);
                        ural_set_txpreamble(sc);
                        ural_set_basicrates(sc, ic->ic_bsschan);
                        IEEE80211_ADDR_COPY(sc->sc_bssid, ni->ni_bssid);
                        ural_set_bssid(sc, sc->sc_bssid);
                }

                if (vap->iv_opmode == IEEE80211_M_HOSTAP ||
                    vap->iv_opmode == IEEE80211_M_IBSS) {
                        m = ieee80211_beacon_alloc(ni);
                        if (m == NULL) {
                                device_printf(sc->sc_dev,
                                    "could not allocate beacon\n");
                                goto fail;
                        }
                        ieee80211_ref_node(ni);
                        if (ural_tx_bcn(sc, m, ni) != 0) {
                                device_printf(sc->sc_dev,
                                    "could not send beacon\n");
                                goto fail;
                        }
                }

                /* make tx led blink on tx (controlled by ASIC) */
                ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR20, 1);

                if (vap->iv_opmode != IEEE80211_M_MONITOR)
                        ural_enable_tsf_sync(sc);
                else
                        ural_enable_tsf(sc);

                /* enable automatic rate adaptation */
                /* XXX should use ic_bsschan but not valid until after newstate call below */
                tp = &vap->iv_txparms[ieee80211_chan2mode(ic->ic_curchan)];
                if (tp->ucastrate == IEEE80211_FIXED_RATE_NONE)
                        ural_ratectl_start(sc, ni);
                ieee80211_free_node(ni);
                break;

        default:
                break;
        }
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
        IEEE80211_LOCK(ic);
        return (uvp->newstate(vap, nstate, arg));

fail:
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
        IEEE80211_LOCK(ic);
        ieee80211_free_node(ni);
        return (-1);
}

static void
ural_bulk_write_callback(struct usb_xfer *xfer, usb_error_t error)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = usbd_xfer_softc(xfer);
        struct ieee80211vap *vap;
        struct ural_tx_data *data;
        struct mbuf *m;
        struct usb_page_cache *pc;
        int len;

        usbd_xfer_status(xfer, &len, NULL, NULL, NULL);

        switch (USB_GET_STATE(xfer)) {
        case USB_ST_TRANSFERRED:
                DPRINTFN(11, "transfer complete, %d bytes\n", len);

                /* free resources */
                data = usbd_xfer_get_priv(xfer);
                ural_tx_free(data, 0);
                usbd_xfer_set_priv(xfer, NULL);

                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case USB_ST_SETUP:
tr_setup:
                data = STAILQ_FIRST(&sc->tx_q);
                if (data) {
                        STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&sc->tx_q, next);
                        m = data->m;

                        if (m->m_pkthdr.len > (int)(RAL_FRAME_SIZE + RAL_TX_DESC_SIZE)) {
                                DPRINTFN(0, "data overflow, %u bytes\n",
                                    m->m_pkthdr.len);
                                m->m_pkthdr.len = (RAL_FRAME_SIZE + RAL_TX_DESC_SIZE);
                        }
                        pc = usbd_xfer_get_frame(xfer, 0);
                        usbd_copy_in(pc, 0, &data->desc, RAL_TX_DESC_SIZE);
                        usbd_m_copy_in(pc, RAL_TX_DESC_SIZE, m, 0,
                            m->m_pkthdr.len);

                        vap = data->ni->ni_vap;
                        if (ieee80211_radiotap_active_vap(vap)) {
                                struct ural_tx_radiotap_header *tap = &sc->sc_txtap;

                                tap->wt_flags = 0;
                                tap->wt_rate = data->rate;
                                tap->wt_antenna = sc->tx_ant;

                                ieee80211_radiotap_tx(vap, m);
                        }

                        /* xfer length needs to be a multiple of two! */
                        len = (RAL_TX_DESC_SIZE + m->m_pkthdr.len + 1) & ~1;
                        if ((len % 64) == 0)
                                len += 2;

                        DPRINTFN(11, "sending frame len=%u xferlen=%u\n",
                            m->m_pkthdr.len, len);

                        usbd_xfer_set_frame_len(xfer, 0, len);
                        usbd_xfer_set_priv(xfer, data);

                        usbd_transfer_submit(xfer);
                }
                ural_start(sc);
                break;

        default:                        /* Error */
                DPRINTFN(11, "transfer error, %s\n",
                    usbd_errstr(error));

                data = usbd_xfer_get_priv(xfer);
                if (data != NULL) {
                        ural_tx_free(data, error);
                        usbd_xfer_set_priv(xfer, NULL);
                }

                if (error == USB_ERR_STALLED) {
                        /* try to clear stall first */
                        usbd_xfer_set_stall(xfer);
                        goto tr_setup;
                }
                if (error == USB_ERR_TIMEOUT)
                        device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "device timeout\n");
                break;
        }
}

static void
ural_bulk_read_callback(struct usb_xfer *xfer, usb_error_t error)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = usbd_xfer_softc(xfer);
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;
        struct ieee80211_node *ni;
        struct mbuf *m = NULL;
        struct usb_page_cache *pc;
        uint32_t flags;
        int8_t rssi = 0, nf = 0;
        int len;

        usbd_xfer_status(xfer, &len, NULL, NULL, NULL);

        switch (USB_GET_STATE(xfer)) {
        case USB_ST_TRANSFERRED:

                DPRINTFN(15, "rx done, actlen=%d\n", len);

                if (len < (int)(RAL_RX_DESC_SIZE + IEEE80211_MIN_LEN)) {
                        DPRINTF("%s: xfer too short %d\n",
                            device_get_nameunit(sc->sc_dev), len);
                        counter_u64_add(ic->ic_ierrors, 1);
                        goto tr_setup;
                }

                len -= RAL_RX_DESC_SIZE;
                /* rx descriptor is located at the end */
                pc = usbd_xfer_get_frame(xfer, 0);
                usbd_copy_out(pc, len, &sc->sc_rx_desc, RAL_RX_DESC_SIZE);

                rssi = URAL_RSSI(sc->sc_rx_desc.rssi);
                nf = RAL_NOISE_FLOOR;
                flags = le32toh(sc->sc_rx_desc.flags);
                if (flags & (RAL_RX_PHY_ERROR | RAL_RX_CRC_ERROR)) {
                        /*
                         * This should not happen since we did not
                         * request to receive those frames when we
                         * filled RAL_TXRX_CSR2:
                         */
                        DPRINTFN(5, "PHY or CRC error\n");
                        counter_u64_add(ic->ic_ierrors, 1);
                        goto tr_setup;
                }

                m = m_getcl(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA, M_PKTHDR);
                if (m == NULL) {
                        DPRINTF("could not allocate mbuf\n");
                        counter_u64_add(ic->ic_ierrors, 1);
                        goto tr_setup;
                }
                usbd_copy_out(pc, 0, mtod(m, uint8_t *), len);

                /* finalize mbuf */
                m->m_pkthdr.len = m->m_len = (flags >> 16) & 0xfff;

                if (ieee80211_radiotap_active(ic)) {
                        struct ural_rx_radiotap_header *tap = &sc->sc_rxtap;

                        /* XXX set once */
                        tap->wr_flags = 0;
                        tap->wr_rate = ieee80211_plcp2rate(sc->sc_rx_desc.rate,
                            (flags & RAL_RX_OFDM) ?
                            IEEE80211_T_OFDM : IEEE80211_T_CCK);
                        tap->wr_antenna = sc->rx_ant;
                        tap->wr_antsignal = nf + rssi;
                        tap->wr_antnoise = nf;
                }
                /* Strip trailing 802.11 MAC FCS. */
                m_adj(m, -IEEE80211_CRC_LEN);

                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case USB_ST_SETUP:
tr_setup:
                usbd_xfer_set_frame_len(xfer, 0, usbd_xfer_max_len(xfer));
                usbd_transfer_submit(xfer);

                /*
                 * At the end of a USB callback it is always safe to unlock
                 * the private mutex of a device! That is why we do the
                 * "ieee80211_input" here, and not some lines up!
                 */
                RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
                if (m) {
                        ni = ieee80211_find_rxnode(ic,
                            mtod(m, struct ieee80211_frame_min *));
                        if (ni != NULL) {
                                (void) ieee80211_input(ni, m, rssi, nf);
                                ieee80211_free_node(ni);
                        } else
                                (void) ieee80211_input_all(ic, m, rssi, nf);
                }
                RAL_LOCK(sc);
                ural_start(sc);
                return;

        default:                        /* Error */
                if (error != USB_ERR_CANCELLED) {
                        /* try to clear stall first */
                        usbd_xfer_set_stall(xfer);
                        goto tr_setup;
                }
                return;
        }
}

static uint8_t
ural_plcp_signal(int rate)
{
        switch (rate) {
        /* OFDM rates (cf IEEE Std 802.11a-1999, pp. 14 Table 80) */
        case 12:        return 0xb;
        case 18:        return 0xf;
        case 24:        return 0xa;
        case 36:        return 0xe;
        case 48:        return 0x9;
        case 72:        return 0xd;
        case 96:        return 0x8;
        case 108:       return 0xc;

        /* CCK rates (NB: not IEEE std, device-specific) */
        case 2:         return 0x0;
        case 4:         return 0x1;
        case 11:        return 0x2;
        case 22:        return 0x3;
        }
        return 0xff;            /* XXX unsupported/unknown rate */
}

static void
ural_setup_tx_desc(struct ural_softc *sc, struct ural_tx_desc *desc,
    uint32_t flags, int len, int rate)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;
        uint16_t plcp_length;
        int remainder;

        desc->flags = htole32(flags);
        desc->flags |= htole32(RAL_TX_NEWSEQ);
        desc->flags |= htole32(len << 16);

        desc->wme = htole16(RAL_AIFSN(2) | RAL_LOGCWMIN(3) | RAL_LOGCWMAX(5));
        desc->wme |= htole16(RAL_IVOFFSET(sizeof (struct ieee80211_frame)));

        /* setup PLCP fields */
        desc->plcp_signal  = ural_plcp_signal(rate);
        desc->plcp_service = 4;

        len += IEEE80211_CRC_LEN;
        if (ieee80211_rate2phytype(ic->ic_rt, rate) == IEEE80211_T_OFDM) {
                desc->flags |= htole32(RAL_TX_OFDM);

                plcp_length = len & 0xfff;
                desc->plcp_length_hi = plcp_length >> 6;
                desc->plcp_length_lo = plcp_length & 0x3f;
        } else {
                if (rate == 0)
                        rate = 2;       /* avoid division by zero */
                plcp_length = howmany(16 * len, rate);
                if (rate == 22) {
                        remainder = (16 * len) % 22;
                        if (remainder != 0 && remainder < 7)
                                desc->plcp_service |= RAL_PLCP_LENGEXT;
                }
                desc->plcp_length_hi = plcp_length >> 8;
                desc->plcp_length_lo = plcp_length & 0xff;

                if (rate != 2 && (ic->ic_flags & IEEE80211_F_SHPREAMBLE))
                        desc->plcp_signal |= 0x08;
        }

        desc->iv = 0;
        desc->eiv = 0;
}

#define RAL_TX_TIMEOUT  5000

static int
ural_tx_bcn(struct ural_softc *sc, struct mbuf *m0, struct ieee80211_node *ni)
{
        struct ieee80211vap *vap = ni->ni_vap;
        struct ieee80211com *ic = ni->ni_ic;
        const struct ieee80211_txparam *tp;
        struct ural_tx_data *data;

        if (sc->tx_nfree == 0) {
                m_freem(m0);
                ieee80211_free_node(ni);
                return (EIO);
        }
        if (ic->ic_bsschan == IEEE80211_CHAN_ANYC) {
                m_freem(m0);
                ieee80211_free_node(ni);
                return (ENXIO);
        }
        data = STAILQ_FIRST(&sc->tx_free);
        STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&sc->tx_free, next);
        sc->tx_nfree--;
        tp = &vap->iv_txparms[ieee80211_chan2mode(ic->ic_bsschan)];

        data->m = m0;
        data->ni = ni;
        data->rate = tp->mgmtrate;

        ural_setup_tx_desc(sc, &data->desc,
            RAL_TX_IFS_NEWBACKOFF | RAL_TX_TIMESTAMP, m0->m_pkthdr.len,
            tp->mgmtrate);

        DPRINTFN(10, "sending beacon frame len=%u rate=%u\n",
            m0->m_pkthdr.len, tp->mgmtrate);

        STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sc->tx_q, data, next);
        usbd_transfer_start(sc->sc_xfer[URAL_BULK_WR]);

        return (0);
}

static int
ural_tx_mgt(struct ural_softc *sc, struct mbuf *m0, struct ieee80211_node *ni)
{
        const struct ieee80211_txparam *tp = ni->ni_txparms;
        struct ieee80211com *ic = ni->ni_ic;
        struct ural_tx_data *data;
        struct ieee80211_frame *wh;
        struct ieee80211_key *k;
        uint32_t flags;
        uint16_t dur;

        RAL_LOCK_ASSERT(sc, MA_OWNED);

        data = STAILQ_FIRST(&sc->tx_free);
        STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&sc->tx_free, next);
        sc->tx_nfree--;

        wh = mtod(m0, struct ieee80211_frame *);
        if (wh->i_fc[1] & IEEE80211_FC1_PROTECTED) {
                k = ieee80211_crypto_encap(ni, m0);
                if (k == NULL) {
                        m_freem(m0);
                        return ENOBUFS;
                }
                wh = mtod(m0, struct ieee80211_frame *);
        }

        data->m = m0;
        data->ni = ni;
        data->rate = tp->mgmtrate;

        flags = 0;
        if (!IEEE80211_IS_MULTICAST(wh->i_addr1)) {
                flags |= RAL_TX_ACK;

                dur = ieee80211_ack_duration(ic->ic_rt, tp->mgmtrate, 
                    ic->ic_flags & IEEE80211_F_SHPREAMBLE);
                USETW(wh->i_dur, dur);

                /* tell hardware to add timestamp for probe responses */
                if (IEEE80211_IS_MGMT_PROBE_RESP(wh))
                        flags |= RAL_TX_TIMESTAMP;
        }

        ural_setup_tx_desc(sc, &data->desc, flags, m0->m_pkthdr.len, tp->mgmtrate);

        DPRINTFN(10, "sending mgt frame len=%u rate=%u\n",
            m0->m_pkthdr.len, tp->mgmtrate);

        STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sc->tx_q, data, next);
        usbd_transfer_start(sc->sc_xfer[URAL_BULK_WR]);

        return 0;
}

static int
ural_sendprot(struct ural_softc *sc,
    const struct mbuf *m, struct ieee80211_node *ni, int prot, int rate)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = ni->ni_ic;
        struct ural_tx_data *data;
        struct mbuf *mprot;
        int protrate, flags;

        mprot = ieee80211_alloc_prot(ni, m, rate, prot);
        if (mprot == NULL) {
                if_inc_counter(ni->ni_vap->iv_ifp, IFCOUNTER_OERRORS, 1);
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev,
                    "could not allocate mbuf for protection mode %d\n", prot);
                return ENOBUFS;
        }

        protrate = ieee80211_ctl_rate(ic->ic_rt, rate);
        flags = RAL_TX_RETRY(7);
        if (prot == IEEE80211_PROT_RTSCTS)
                flags |= RAL_TX_ACK;

        data = STAILQ_FIRST(&sc->tx_free);
        STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&sc->tx_free, next);
        sc->tx_nfree--;

        data->m = mprot;
        data->ni = ieee80211_ref_node(ni);
        data->rate = protrate;
        ural_setup_tx_desc(sc, &data->desc, flags, mprot->m_pkthdr.len, protrate);

        STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sc->tx_q, data, next);
        usbd_transfer_start(sc->sc_xfer[URAL_BULK_WR]);

        return 0;
}

static int
ural_tx_raw(struct ural_softc *sc, struct mbuf *m0, struct ieee80211_node *ni,
    const struct ieee80211_bpf_params *params)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = ni->ni_ic;
        struct ural_tx_data *data;
        uint32_t flags;
        int error;
        int rate;

        RAL_LOCK_ASSERT(sc, MA_OWNED);
        KASSERT(params != NULL, ("no raw xmit params"));

        rate = params->ibp_rate0;
        if (!ieee80211_isratevalid(ic->ic_rt, rate)) {
                m_freem(m0);
                return EINVAL;
        }
        flags = 0;
        if ((params->ibp_flags & IEEE80211_BPF_NOACK) == 0)
                flags |= RAL_TX_ACK;
        if (params->ibp_flags & (IEEE80211_BPF_RTS|IEEE80211_BPF_CTS)) {
                error = ural_sendprot(sc, m0, ni,
                    params->ibp_flags & IEEE80211_BPF_RTS ?
                         IEEE80211_PROT_RTSCTS : IEEE80211_PROT_CTSONLY,
                    rate);
                if (error || sc->tx_nfree == 0) {
                        m_freem(m0);
                        return ENOBUFS;
                }
                flags |= RAL_TX_IFS_SIFS;
        }

        data = STAILQ_FIRST(&sc->tx_free);
        STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&sc->tx_free, next);
        sc->tx_nfree--;

        data->m = m0;
        data->ni = ni;
        data->rate = rate;

        /* XXX need to setup descriptor ourself */
        ural_setup_tx_desc(sc, &data->desc, flags, m0->m_pkthdr.len, rate);

        DPRINTFN(10, "sending raw frame len=%u rate=%u\n",
            m0->m_pkthdr.len, rate);

        STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sc->tx_q, data, next);
        usbd_transfer_start(sc->sc_xfer[URAL_BULK_WR]);

        return 0;
}

static int
ural_tx_data(struct ural_softc *sc, struct mbuf *m0, struct ieee80211_node *ni)
{
        struct ieee80211vap *vap = ni->ni_vap;
        struct ieee80211com *ic = ni->ni_ic;
        struct ural_tx_data *data;
        struct ieee80211_frame *wh;
        const struct ieee80211_txparam *tp = ni->ni_txparms;
        struct ieee80211_key *k;
        uint32_t flags = 0;
        uint16_t dur;
        int error, rate;

        RAL_LOCK_ASSERT(sc, MA_OWNED);

        wh = mtod(m0, struct ieee80211_frame *);

        if (m0->m_flags & M_EAPOL)
                rate = tp->mgmtrate;
        else if (IEEE80211_IS_MULTICAST(wh->i_addr1))
                rate = tp->mcastrate;
        else if (tp->ucastrate != IEEE80211_FIXED_RATE_NONE)
                rate = tp->ucastrate;
        else {
                (void) ieee80211_ratectl_rate(ni, NULL, 0);
                rate = ieee80211_node_get_txrate_dot11rate(ni);
        }

        if (wh->i_fc[1] & IEEE80211_FC1_PROTECTED) {
                k = ieee80211_crypto_encap(ni, m0);
                if (k == NULL) {
                        m_freem(m0);
                        return ENOBUFS;
                }
                /* packet header may have moved, reset our local pointer */
                wh = mtod(m0, struct ieee80211_frame *);
        }

        if (!IEEE80211_IS_MULTICAST(wh->i_addr1)) {
                int prot = IEEE80211_PROT_NONE;
                if (m0->m_pkthdr.len + IEEE80211_CRC_LEN > vap->iv_rtsthreshold)
                        prot = IEEE80211_PROT_RTSCTS;
                else if ((ic->ic_flags & IEEE80211_F_USEPROT) &&
                    ieee80211_rate2phytype(ic->ic_rt, rate) == IEEE80211_T_OFDM)
                        prot = ic->ic_protmode;
                if (prot != IEEE80211_PROT_NONE) {
                        error = ural_sendprot(sc, m0, ni, prot, rate);
                        if (error || sc->tx_nfree == 0) {
                                m_freem(m0);
                                return ENOBUFS;
                        }
                        flags |= RAL_TX_IFS_SIFS;
                }
        }

        data = STAILQ_FIRST(&sc->tx_free);
        STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&sc->tx_free, next);
        sc->tx_nfree--;

        data->m = m0;
        data->ni = ni;
        data->rate = rate;

        if (!IEEE80211_IS_MULTICAST(wh->i_addr1)) {
                flags |= RAL_TX_ACK;
                flags |= RAL_TX_RETRY(7);

                dur = ieee80211_ack_duration(ic->ic_rt, rate, 
                    ic->ic_flags & IEEE80211_F_SHPREAMBLE);
                USETW(wh->i_dur, dur);
        }

        ural_setup_tx_desc(sc, &data->desc, flags, m0->m_pkthdr.len, rate);

        DPRINTFN(10, "sending data frame len=%u rate=%u\n",
            m0->m_pkthdr.len, rate);

        STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sc->tx_q, data, next);
        usbd_transfer_start(sc->sc_xfer[URAL_BULK_WR]);

        return 0;
}

static int
ural_transmit(struct ieee80211com *ic, struct mbuf *m)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;
        int error;

        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        if (!sc->sc_running) {
                RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
                return (ENXIO);
        }
        error = mbufq_enqueue(&sc->sc_snd, m);
        if (error) {
                RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
                return (error);
        }
        ural_start(sc);
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);

        return (0);
}

static void
ural_start(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        struct ieee80211_node *ni;
        struct mbuf *m;

        RAL_LOCK_ASSERT(sc, MA_OWNED);

        if (sc->sc_running == 0)
                return;

        while (sc->tx_nfree >= RAL_TX_MINFREE &&
            (m = mbufq_dequeue(&sc->sc_snd)) != NULL) {
                ni = (struct ieee80211_node *) m->m_pkthdr.rcvif;
                if (ural_tx_data(sc, m, ni) != 0) {
                        if_inc_counter(ni->ni_vap->iv_ifp,
                             IFCOUNTER_OERRORS, 1);
                        ieee80211_free_node(ni);
                        break;
                }
        }
}

static void
ural_parent(struct ieee80211com *ic)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;
        int startall = 0;

        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        if (sc->sc_detached) {
                RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
                return;
        }
        if (ic->ic_nrunning > 0) {
                if (sc->sc_running == 0) {
                        ural_init(sc);
                        startall = 1;
                } else
                        ural_setpromisc(sc);
        } else if (sc->sc_running)
                ural_stop(sc);
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
        if (startall)
                ieee80211_start_all(ic);
}

static void
ural_set_testmode(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        struct usb_device_request req;
        usb_error_t error;

        req.bmRequestType = UT_WRITE_VENDOR_DEVICE;
        req.bRequest = RAL_VENDOR_REQUEST;
        USETW(req.wValue, 4);
        USETW(req.wIndex, 1);
        USETW(req.wLength, 0);

        error = ural_do_request(sc, &req, NULL);
        if (error != 0) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "could not set test mode: %s\n",
                    usbd_errstr(error));
        }
}

static void
ural_eeprom_read(struct ural_softc *sc, uint16_t addr, void *buf, int len)
{
        struct usb_device_request req;
        usb_error_t error;

        req.bmRequestType = UT_READ_VENDOR_DEVICE;
        req.bRequest = RAL_READ_EEPROM;
        USETW(req.wValue, 0);
        USETW(req.wIndex, addr);
        USETW(req.wLength, len);

        error = ural_do_request(sc, &req, buf);
        if (error != 0) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "could not read EEPROM: %s\n",
                    usbd_errstr(error));
        }
}

static uint16_t
ural_read(struct ural_softc *sc, uint16_t reg)
{
        struct usb_device_request req;
        usb_error_t error;
        uint16_t val;

        req.bmRequestType = UT_READ_VENDOR_DEVICE;
        req.bRequest = RAL_READ_MAC;
        USETW(req.wValue, 0);
        USETW(req.wIndex, reg);
        USETW(req.wLength, sizeof (uint16_t));

        error = ural_do_request(sc, &req, &val);
        if (error != 0) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "could not read MAC register: %s\n",
                    usbd_errstr(error));
                return 0;
        }

        return le16toh(val);
}

static void
ural_read_multi(struct ural_softc *sc, uint16_t reg, void *buf, int len)
{
        struct usb_device_request req;
        usb_error_t error;

        req.bmRequestType = UT_READ_VENDOR_DEVICE;
        req.bRequest = RAL_READ_MULTI_MAC;
        USETW(req.wValue, 0);
        USETW(req.wIndex, reg);
        USETW(req.wLength, len);

        error = ural_do_request(sc, &req, buf);
        if (error != 0) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "could not read MAC register: %s\n",
                    usbd_errstr(error));
        }
}

static void
ural_write(struct ural_softc *sc, uint16_t reg, uint16_t val)
{
        struct usb_device_request req;
        usb_error_t error;

        req.bmRequestType = UT_WRITE_VENDOR_DEVICE;
        req.bRequest = RAL_WRITE_MAC;
        USETW(req.wValue, val);
        USETW(req.wIndex, reg);
        USETW(req.wLength, 0);

        error = ural_do_request(sc, &req, NULL);
        if (error != 0) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "could not write MAC register: %s\n",
                    usbd_errstr(error));
        }
}

static void
ural_write_multi(struct ural_softc *sc, uint16_t reg, void *buf, int len)
{
        struct usb_device_request req;
        usb_error_t error;

        req.bmRequestType = UT_WRITE_VENDOR_DEVICE;
        req.bRequest = RAL_WRITE_MULTI_MAC;
        USETW(req.wValue, 0);
        USETW(req.wIndex, reg);
        USETW(req.wLength, len);

        error = ural_do_request(sc, &req, buf);
        if (error != 0) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "could not write MAC register: %s\n",
                    usbd_errstr(error));
        }
}

static void
ural_bbp_write(struct ural_softc *sc, uint8_t reg, uint8_t val)
{
        uint16_t tmp;
        int ntries;

        for (ntries = 0; ntries < 100; ntries++) {
                if (!(ural_read(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR8) & RAL_BBP_BUSY))
                        break;
                if (ural_pause(sc, hz / 100))
                        break;
        }
        if (ntries == 100) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "could not write to BBP\n");
                return;
        }

        tmp = reg << 8 | val;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR7, tmp);
}

static uint8_t
ural_bbp_read(struct ural_softc *sc, uint8_t reg)
{
        uint16_t val;
        int ntries;

        val = RAL_BBP_WRITE | reg << 8;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR7, val);

        for (ntries = 0; ntries < 100; ntries++) {
                if (!(ural_read(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR8) & RAL_BBP_BUSY))
                        break;
                if (ural_pause(sc, hz / 100))
                        break;
        }
        if (ntries == 100) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "could not read BBP\n");
                return 0;
        }

        return ural_read(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR7) & 0xff;
}

static void
ural_rf_write(struct ural_softc *sc, uint8_t reg, uint32_t val)
{
        uint32_t tmp;
        int ntries;

        for (ntries = 0; ntries < 100; ntries++) {
                if (!(ural_read(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR10) & RAL_RF_LOBUSY))
                        break;
                if (ural_pause(sc, hz / 100))
                        break;
        }
        if (ntries == 100) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "could not write to RF\n");
                return;
        }

        tmp = RAL_RF_BUSY | RAL_RF_20BIT | (val & 0xfffff) << 2 | (reg & 0x3);
        ural_write(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR9,  tmp & 0xffff);
        ural_write(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR10, tmp >> 16);

        /* remember last written value in sc */
        sc->rf_regs[reg] = val;

        DPRINTFN(15, "RF R[%u] <- 0x%05x\n", reg & 0x3, val & 0xfffff);
}

static void
ural_scan_start(struct ieee80211com *ic)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;

        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR19, 0);
        ural_set_bssid(sc, ieee80211broadcastaddr);
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
}

static void
ural_scan_end(struct ieee80211com *ic)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;

        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        ural_enable_tsf_sync(sc);
        ural_set_bssid(sc, sc->sc_bssid);
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);

}

static void
ural_getradiocaps(struct ieee80211com *ic,
    int maxchans, int *nchans, struct ieee80211_channel chans[])
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;
        uint8_t bands[IEEE80211_MODE_BYTES];

        memset(bands, 0, sizeof(bands));
        setbit(bands, IEEE80211_MODE_11B);
        setbit(bands, IEEE80211_MODE_11G);
        ieee80211_add_channels_default_2ghz(chans, maxchans, nchans, bands, 0);

        if (sc->rf_rev == RAL_RF_5222) {
                setbit(bands, IEEE80211_MODE_11A);
                ieee80211_add_channel_list_5ghz(chans, maxchans, nchans,
                    ural_chan_5ghz, nitems(ural_chan_5ghz), bands, 0);
        }
}

static void
ural_set_channel(struct ieee80211com *ic)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;

        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        ural_set_chan(sc, ic->ic_curchan);
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
}

static void
ural_set_chan(struct ural_softc *sc, struct ieee80211_channel *c)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;
        uint8_t power, tmp;
        int i, chan;

        chan = ieee80211_chan2ieee(ic, c);
        if (chan == 0 || chan == IEEE80211_CHAN_ANY)
                return;

        if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_2GHZ(c))
                power = min(sc->txpow[chan - 1], 31);
        else
                power = 31;

        /* adjust txpower using ifconfig settings */
        power -= (100 - ic->ic_txpowlimit) / 8;

        DPRINTFN(2, "setting channel to %u, txpower to %u\n", chan, power);

        switch (sc->rf_rev) {
        case RAL_RF_2522:
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF1, 0x00814);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF2, ural_rf2522_r2[chan - 1]);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF3, power << 7 | 0x00040);
                break;

        case RAL_RF_2523:
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF1, 0x08804);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF2, ural_rf2523_r2[chan - 1]);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF3, power << 7 | 0x38044);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF4, (chan == 14) ? 0x00280 : 0x00286);
                break;

        case RAL_RF_2524:
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF1, 0x0c808);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF2, ural_rf2524_r2[chan - 1]);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF3, power << 7 | 0x00040);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF4, (chan == 14) ? 0x00280 : 0x00286);
                break;

        case RAL_RF_2525:
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF1, 0x08808);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF2, ural_rf2525_hi_r2[chan - 1]);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF3, power << 7 | 0x18044);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF4, (chan == 14) ? 0x00280 : 0x00286);

                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF1, 0x08808);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF2, ural_rf2525_r2[chan - 1]);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF3, power << 7 | 0x18044);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF4, (chan == 14) ? 0x00280 : 0x00286);
                break;

        case RAL_RF_2525E:
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF1, 0x08808);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF2, ural_rf2525e_r2[chan - 1]);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF3, power << 7 | 0x18044);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF4, (chan == 14) ? 0x00286 : 0x00282);
                break;

        case RAL_RF_2526:
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF2, ural_rf2526_hi_r2[chan - 1]);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF4, (chan & 1) ? 0x00386 : 0x00381);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF1, 0x08804);

                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF2, ural_rf2526_r2[chan - 1]);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF3, power << 7 | 0x18044);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF4, (chan & 1) ? 0x00386 : 0x00381);
                break;

        /* dual-band RF */
        case RAL_RF_5222:
                for (i = 0; ural_rf5222[i].chan != chan; i++);

                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF1, ural_rf5222[i].r1);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF2, ural_rf5222[i].r2);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF3, power << 7 | 0x00040);
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF4, ural_rf5222[i].r4);
                break;
        }

        if (ic->ic_opmode != IEEE80211_M_MONITOR &&
            (ic->ic_flags & IEEE80211_F_SCAN) == 0) {
                /* set Japan filter bit for channel 14 */
                tmp = ural_bbp_read(sc, 70);

                tmp &= ~RAL_JAPAN_FILTER;
                if (chan == 14)
                        tmp |= RAL_JAPAN_FILTER;

                ural_bbp_write(sc, 70, tmp);

                /* clear CRC errors */
                ural_read(sc, RAL_STA_CSR0);

                ural_pause(sc, hz / 100);
                ural_disable_rf_tune(sc);
        }

        /* XXX doesn't belong here */
        /* update basic rate set */
        ural_set_basicrates(sc, c);

        /* give the hardware some time to do the switchover */
        ural_pause(sc, hz / 100);
}

/*
 * Disable RF auto-tuning.
 */
static void
ural_disable_rf_tune(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        uint32_t tmp;

        if (sc->rf_rev != RAL_RF_2523) {
                tmp = sc->rf_regs[RAL_RF1] & ~RAL_RF1_AUTOTUNE;
                ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF1, tmp);
        }

        tmp = sc->rf_regs[RAL_RF3] & ~RAL_RF3_AUTOTUNE;
        ural_rf_write(sc, RAL_RF3, tmp);

        DPRINTFN(2, "disabling RF autotune\n");
}

/*
 * Refer to IEEE Std 802.11-1999 pp. 123 for more information on TSF
 * synchronization.
 */
static void
ural_enable_tsf_sync(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;
        struct ieee80211vap *vap = TAILQ_FIRST(&ic->ic_vaps);
        uint16_t logcwmin, preload, tmp;

        /* first, disable TSF synchronization */
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR19, 0);

        tmp = (16 * vap->iv_bss->ni_intval) << 4;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR18, tmp);

        logcwmin = (ic->ic_opmode == IEEE80211_M_IBSS) ? 2 : 0;
        preload = (ic->ic_opmode == IEEE80211_M_IBSS) ? 320 : 6;
        tmp = logcwmin << 12 | preload;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR20, tmp);

        /* finally, enable TSF synchronization */
        tmp = RAL_ENABLE_TSF | RAL_ENABLE_TBCN;
        if (ic->ic_opmode == IEEE80211_M_STA)
                tmp |= RAL_ENABLE_TSF_SYNC(1);
        else
                tmp |= RAL_ENABLE_TSF_SYNC(2) | RAL_ENABLE_BEACON_GENERATOR;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR19, tmp);

        DPRINTF("enabling TSF synchronization\n");
}

static void
ural_enable_tsf(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        /* first, disable TSF synchronization */
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR19, 0);
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR19, RAL_ENABLE_TSF | RAL_ENABLE_TSF_SYNC(2));
}

#define RAL_RXTX_TURNAROUND     5       /* us */
static void
ural_update_slot(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;
        uint16_t slottime, sifs, eifs;

        slottime = IEEE80211_GET_SLOTTIME(ic);

        /*
         * These settings may sound a bit inconsistent but this is what the
         * reference driver does.
         */
        if (ic->ic_curmode == IEEE80211_MODE_11B) {
                sifs = 16 - RAL_RXTX_TURNAROUND;
                eifs = 364;
        } else {
                sifs = 10 - RAL_RXTX_TURNAROUND;
                eifs = 64;
        }

        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR10, slottime);
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR11, sifs);
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR12, eifs);
}

static void
ural_set_txpreamble(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;
        uint16_t tmp;

        tmp = ural_read(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR10);

        tmp &= ~RAL_SHORT_PREAMBLE;
        if (ic->ic_flags & IEEE80211_F_SHPREAMBLE)
                tmp |= RAL_SHORT_PREAMBLE;

        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR10, tmp);
}

static void
ural_set_basicrates(struct ural_softc *sc, const struct ieee80211_channel *c)
{
        /* XXX wrong, take from rate set */
        /* update basic rate set */
        if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_5GHZ(c)) {
                /* 11a basic rates: 6, 12, 24Mbps */
                ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR11, 0x150);
        } else if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_ANYG(c)) {
                /* 11g basic rates: 1, 2, 5.5, 11, 6, 12, 24Mbps */
                ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR11, 0x15f);
        } else {
                /* 11b basic rates: 1, 2Mbps */
                ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR11, 0x3);
        }
}

static void
ural_set_bssid(struct ural_softc *sc, const uint8_t *bssid)
{
        uint16_t tmp;

        tmp = bssid[0] | bssid[1] << 8;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR5, tmp);

        tmp = bssid[2] | bssid[3] << 8;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR6, tmp);

        tmp = bssid[4] | bssid[5] << 8;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR7, tmp);

        DPRINTF("setting BSSID to %6D\n", bssid, ":");
}

static void
ural_set_macaddr(struct ural_softc *sc, const uint8_t *addr)
{
        uint16_t tmp;

        tmp = addr[0] | addr[1] << 8;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR2, tmp);

        tmp = addr[2] | addr[3] << 8;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR3, tmp);

        tmp = addr[4] | addr[5] << 8;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR4, tmp);

        DPRINTF("setting MAC address to %6D\n", addr, ":");
}

static void
ural_setpromisc(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        uint32_t tmp;

        tmp = ural_read(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR2);

        tmp &= ~RAL_DROP_NOT_TO_ME;
        if (sc->sc_ic.ic_promisc == 0)
                tmp |= RAL_DROP_NOT_TO_ME;

        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR2, tmp);

        DPRINTF("%s promiscuous mode\n", sc->sc_ic.ic_promisc ?
            "entering" : "leaving");
}

static void
ural_update_promisc(struct ieee80211com *ic)
{
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;

        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        if (sc->sc_running)
                ural_setpromisc(sc);
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
}

static const char *
ural_get_rf(int rev)
{
        switch (rev) {
        case RAL_RF_2522:       return "RT2522";
        case RAL_RF_2523:       return "RT2523";
        case RAL_RF_2524:       return "RT2524";
        case RAL_RF_2525:       return "RT2525";
        case RAL_RF_2525E:      return "RT2525e";
        case RAL_RF_2526:       return "RT2526";
        case RAL_RF_5222:       return "RT5222";
        default:                return "unknown";
        }
}

static void
ural_read_eeprom(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;
        uint16_t val;

        ural_eeprom_read(sc, RAL_EEPROM_CONFIG0, &val, 2);
        val = le16toh(val);
        sc->rf_rev =   (val >> 11) & 0x7;
        sc->hw_radio = (val >> 10) & 0x1;
        sc->led_mode = (val >> 6)  & 0x7;
        sc->rx_ant =   (val >> 4)  & 0x3;
        sc->tx_ant =   (val >> 2)  & 0x3;
        sc->nb_ant =   val & 0x3;

        /* read MAC address */
        ural_eeprom_read(sc, RAL_EEPROM_ADDRESS, ic->ic_macaddr, 6);

        /* read default values for BBP registers */
        ural_eeprom_read(sc, RAL_EEPROM_BBP_BASE, sc->bbp_prom, 2 * 16);

        /* read Tx power for all b/g channels */
        ural_eeprom_read(sc, RAL_EEPROM_TXPOWER, sc->txpow, 14);
}

static int
ural_bbp_init(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        int i, ntries;

        /* wait for BBP to be ready */
        for (ntries = 0; ntries < 100; ntries++) {
                if (ural_bbp_read(sc, RAL_BBP_VERSION) != 0)
                        break;
                if (ural_pause(sc, hz / 100))
                        break;
        }
        if (ntries == 100) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev, "timeout waiting for BBP\n");
                return EIO;
        }

        /* initialize BBP registers to default values */
        for (i = 0; i < nitems(ural_def_bbp); i++)
                ural_bbp_write(sc, ural_def_bbp[i].reg, ural_def_bbp[i].val);

#if 0
        /* initialize BBP registers to values stored in EEPROM */
        for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                if (sc->bbp_prom[i].reg == 0xff)
                        continue;
                ural_bbp_write(sc, sc->bbp_prom[i].reg, sc->bbp_prom[i].val);
        }
#endif

        return 0;
}

static void
ural_set_txantenna(struct ural_softc *sc, int antenna)
{
        uint16_t tmp;
        uint8_t tx;

        tx = ural_bbp_read(sc, RAL_BBP_TX) & ~RAL_BBP_ANTMASK;
        if (antenna == 1)
                tx |= RAL_BBP_ANTA;
        else if (antenna == 2)
                tx |= RAL_BBP_ANTB;
        else
                tx |= RAL_BBP_DIVERSITY;

        /* need to force I/Q flip for RF 2525e, 2526 and 5222 */
        if (sc->rf_rev == RAL_RF_2525E || sc->rf_rev == RAL_RF_2526 ||
            sc->rf_rev == RAL_RF_5222)
                tx |= RAL_BBP_FLIPIQ;

        ural_bbp_write(sc, RAL_BBP_TX, tx);

        /* update values in PHY_CSR5 and PHY_CSR6 */
        tmp = ural_read(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR5) & ~0x7;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR5, tmp | (tx & 0x7));

        tmp = ural_read(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR6) & ~0x7;
        ural_write(sc, RAL_PHY_CSR6, tmp | (tx & 0x7));
}

static void
ural_set_rxantenna(struct ural_softc *sc, int antenna)
{
        uint8_t rx;

        rx = ural_bbp_read(sc, RAL_BBP_RX) & ~RAL_BBP_ANTMASK;
        if (antenna == 1)
                rx |= RAL_BBP_ANTA;
        else if (antenna == 2)
                rx |= RAL_BBP_ANTB;
        else
                rx |= RAL_BBP_DIVERSITY;

        /* need to force no I/Q flip for RF 2525e and 2526 */
        if (sc->rf_rev == RAL_RF_2525E || sc->rf_rev == RAL_RF_2526)
                rx &= ~RAL_BBP_FLIPIQ;

        ural_bbp_write(sc, RAL_BBP_RX, rx);
}

static void
ural_init(struct ural_softc *sc)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = &sc->sc_ic;
        struct ieee80211vap *vap = TAILQ_FIRST(&ic->ic_vaps);
        uint16_t tmp;
        int i, ntries;

        RAL_LOCK_ASSERT(sc, MA_OWNED);

        ural_set_testmode(sc);
        ural_write(sc, 0x308, 0x00f0);  /* XXX magic */

        ural_stop(sc);

        /* initialize MAC registers to default values */
        for (i = 0; i < nitems(ural_def_mac); i++)
                ural_write(sc, ural_def_mac[i].reg, ural_def_mac[i].val);

        /* wait for BBP and RF to wake up (this can take a long time!) */
        for (ntries = 0; ntries < 100; ntries++) {
                tmp = ural_read(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR17);
                if ((tmp & (RAL_BBP_AWAKE | RAL_RF_AWAKE)) ==
                    (RAL_BBP_AWAKE | RAL_RF_AWAKE))
                        break;
                if (ural_pause(sc, hz / 100))
                        break;
        }
        if (ntries == 100) {
                device_printf(sc->sc_dev,
                    "timeout waiting for BBP/RF to wakeup\n");
                goto fail;
        }

        /* we're ready! */
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR1, RAL_HOST_READY);

        /* set basic rate set (will be updated later) */
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR11, 0x15f);

        if (ural_bbp_init(sc) != 0)
                goto fail;

        ural_set_chan(sc, ic->ic_curchan);

        /* clear statistic registers (STA_CSR0 to STA_CSR10) */
        ural_read_multi(sc, RAL_STA_CSR0, sc->sta, sizeof sc->sta);

        ural_set_txantenna(sc, sc->tx_ant);
        ural_set_rxantenna(sc, sc->rx_ant);

        ural_set_macaddr(sc, vap ? vap->iv_myaddr : ic->ic_macaddr);

        /*
         * Allocate Tx and Rx xfer queues.
         */
        ural_setup_tx_list(sc);

        /* kick Rx */
        tmp = RAL_DROP_PHY | RAL_DROP_CRC;
        if (ic->ic_opmode != IEEE80211_M_MONITOR) {
                tmp |= RAL_DROP_CTL | RAL_DROP_BAD_VERSION;
                if (ic->ic_opmode != IEEE80211_M_HOSTAP)
                        tmp |= RAL_DROP_TODS;
                if (ic->ic_promisc == 0)
                        tmp |= RAL_DROP_NOT_TO_ME;
        }
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR2, tmp);

        sc->sc_running = 1;
        usbd_xfer_set_stall(sc->sc_xfer[URAL_BULK_WR]);
        usbd_transfer_start(sc->sc_xfer[URAL_BULK_RD]);
        return;

fail:   ural_stop(sc);
}

static void
ural_stop(struct ural_softc *sc)
{

        RAL_LOCK_ASSERT(sc, MA_OWNED);

        sc->sc_running = 0;

        /*
         * Drain all the transfers, if not already drained:
         */
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
        usbd_transfer_drain(sc->sc_xfer[URAL_BULK_WR]);
        usbd_transfer_drain(sc->sc_xfer[URAL_BULK_RD]);
        RAL_LOCK(sc);

        ural_unsetup_tx_list(sc);

        /* disable Rx */
        ural_write(sc, RAL_TXRX_CSR2, RAL_DISABLE_RX);
        /* reset ASIC and BBP (but won't reset MAC registers!) */
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR1, RAL_RESET_ASIC | RAL_RESET_BBP);
        /* wait a little */
        ural_pause(sc, hz / 10);
        ural_write(sc, RAL_MAC_CSR1, 0);
        /* wait a little */
        ural_pause(sc, hz / 10);
}

static int
ural_raw_xmit(struct ieee80211_node *ni, struct mbuf *m,
        const struct ieee80211_bpf_params *params)
{
        struct ieee80211com *ic = ni->ni_ic;
        struct ural_softc *sc = ic->ic_softc;

        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        /* prevent management frames from being sent if we're not ready */
        if (!sc->sc_running) {
                RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
                m_freem(m);
                return ENETDOWN;
        }
        if (sc->tx_nfree < RAL_TX_MINFREE) {
                RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
                m_freem(m);
                return EIO;
        }

        if (params == NULL) {
                /*
                 * Legacy path; interpret frame contents to decide
                 * precisely how to send the frame.
                 */
                if (ural_tx_mgt(sc, m, ni) != 0)
                        goto bad;
        } else {
                /*
                 * Caller supplied explicit parameters to use in
                 * sending the frame.
                 */
                if (ural_tx_raw(sc, m, ni, params) != 0)
                        goto bad;
        }
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
        return 0;
bad:
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
        return EIO;             /* XXX */
}

static void
ural_ratectl_start(struct ural_softc *sc, struct ieee80211_node *ni)
{
        struct ieee80211vap *vap = ni->ni_vap;
        struct ural_vap *uvp = URAL_VAP(vap);

        /* clear statistic registers (STA_CSR0 to STA_CSR10) */
        ural_read_multi(sc, RAL_STA_CSR0, sc->sta, sizeof sc->sta);

        usb_callout_reset(&uvp->ratectl_ch, hz, ural_ratectl_timeout, uvp);
}

static void
ural_ratectl_timeout(void *arg)
{
        struct ural_vap *uvp = arg;
        struct ieee80211vap *vap = &uvp->vap;
        struct ieee80211com *ic = vap->iv_ic;

        ieee80211_runtask(ic, &uvp->ratectl_task);
}

static void
ural_ratectl_task(void *arg, int pending)
{
        struct ural_vap *uvp = arg;
        struct ieee80211vap *vap = &uvp->vap;
        struct ural_softc *sc = vap->iv_ic->ic_softc;
        struct ieee80211_ratectl_tx_stats *txs = &sc->sc_txs;
        int fail;

        RAL_LOCK(sc);
        /* read and clear statistic registers (STA_CSR0 to STA_CSR10) */
        ural_read_multi(sc, RAL_STA_CSR0, sc->sta, sizeof(sc->sta));

        txs->flags = IEEE80211_RATECTL_TX_STATS_RETRIES;
        txs->nsuccess = sc->sta[7] +    /* TX ok w/o retry */
                        sc->sta[8];     /* TX ok w/ retry */
        fail = sc->sta[9];              /* TX retry-fail count */
        txs->nframes = txs->nsuccess + fail;
        /* XXX fail * maxretry */
        txs->nretries = sc->sta[8] + fail;

        ieee80211_ratectl_tx_update(vap, txs);

        /* count TX retry-fail as Tx errors */
        if_inc_counter(vap->iv_ifp, IFCOUNTER_OERRORS, fail);

        usb_callout_reset(&uvp->ratectl_ch, hz, ural_ratectl_timeout, uvp);
        RAL_UNLOCK(sc);
}

static int
ural_pause(struct ural_softc *sc, int timeout)
{

        usb_pause_mtx(&sc->sc_mtx, timeout);
        return (0);
}