/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#ifdef JAIL
#include <sys/jail.h>
#endif
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
#include <dev/evdev/input.h>

#ifdef __amd64__
#include <sys/efi.h>
#include <machine/metadata.h>
#endif

#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
#include <machine/pc/bios.h>
#endif

#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#ifdef JAIL
#include <jail.h>
#endif
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#ifdef JAIL
static const char *jailname;
#endif
static const char *conffile;

static int      aflag, bflag, Bflag, dflag, eflag, hflag, iflag;
static int      Nflag, nflag, oflag, qflag, tflag, Tflag, Wflag, xflag;
static bool     Fflag, Jflag, lflag, Vflag;

static void     attach_jail(void);
static int      oidfmt(int *, int, char *, u_int *);
static int      parsefile(FILE *);
static int      parse(const char *, int);
static int      show_var(int *, int, bool);
static int      sysctl_all(int *, int);
static int      name2oid(const char *, int *);

static int      strIKtoi(const char *, char **, const char *);

static int ctl_sign[CTLTYPE+1] = {
        [CTLTYPE_INT] = 1,
        [CTLTYPE_LONG] = 1,
        [CTLTYPE_S8] = 1,
        [CTLTYPE_S16] = 1,
        [CTLTYPE_S32] = 1,
        [CTLTYPE_S64] = 1,
};

static int ctl_size[CTLTYPE+1] = {
        [CTLTYPE_INT] = sizeof(int),
        [CTLTYPE_UINT] = sizeof(u_int),
        [CTLTYPE_LONG] = sizeof(long),
        [CTLTYPE_ULONG] = sizeof(u_long),
        [CTLTYPE_S8] = sizeof(int8_t),
        [CTLTYPE_S16] = sizeof(int16_t),
        [CTLTYPE_S32] = sizeof(int32_t),
        [CTLTYPE_S64] = sizeof(int64_t),
        [CTLTYPE_U8] = sizeof(uint8_t),
        [CTLTYPE_U16] = sizeof(uint16_t),
        [CTLTYPE_U32] = sizeof(uint32_t),
        [CTLTYPE_U64] = sizeof(uint64_t),
};

static const char *ctl_typename[CTLTYPE+1] = {
        [CTLTYPE_INT] = "integer",
        [CTLTYPE_UINT] = "unsigned integer",
        [CTLTYPE_LONG] = "long integer",
        [CTLTYPE_ULONG] = "unsigned long",
        [CTLTYPE_U8] = "uint8_t",
        [CTLTYPE_U16] = "uint16_t",
        [CTLTYPE_U32] = "uint32_t",
        [CTLTYPE_U64] = "uint64_t",
        [CTLTYPE_S8] = "int8_t",
        [CTLTYPE_S16] = "int16_t",
        [CTLTYPE_S32] = "int32_t",
        [CTLTYPE_S64] = "int64_t",
        [CTLTYPE_NODE] = "node",
        [CTLTYPE_STRING] = "string",
        [CTLTYPE_OPAQUE] = "opaque",
};

static void
usage(void)
{

        (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n",
            "usage: sysctl [-j jail] [-bdeFhiJlNnoqTtVWx] [ -B <bufsize> ] [-f filename] name[=value] ...",
            "       sysctl [-j jail] [-bdeFhJlNnoqTtVWx] [ -B <bufsize> ] -a");
        exit(1);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int ch;
        int warncount = 0;
        FILE *file = NULL;

        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
        setbuf(stdout,0);
        setbuf(stderr,0);

        while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "AaB:bdeFf:hiJj:lNnoqTtVWwXx")) != -1) {
                switch (ch) {
                case 'A':
                        /* compatibility */
                        aflag = oflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'a':
                        aflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'B':
                        Bflag = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
                        break;
                case 'b':
                        bflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        dflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'e':
                        eflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'F':
                        Fflag = true;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        conffile = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'h':
                        hflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        iflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'J':
                        Jflag = true;
                        break;
                case 'j':
#ifdef JAIL
                        if ((jailname = optarg) == NULL)
                                usage();
#else
                        errx(1, "not built with jail support");
#endif
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        lflag = true;
                        break;
                case 'N':
                        Nflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        nflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        oflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        qflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'T':
                        Tflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 't':
                        tflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'V':
                        Vflag = true;
                        break;
                case 'W':
                        Wflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        /* compatibility */
                        /* ignored */
                        break;
                case 'X':
                        /* compatibility */
                        aflag = xflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'x':
                        xflag = 1;
                        break;
                default:
                        usage();
                }
        }
        argc -= optind;
        argv += optind;

        /* Nflag is name only and doesn't make sense to combine with these */
        /* TODO: few other combinations do not make sense but come back later */
        if (Nflag && (lflag || nflag))
                usage();
        if (aflag && argc == 0) {
                attach_jail();
                exit(sysctl_all(NULL, 0));
        }
        if (argc == 0 && conffile == NULL)
                usage();

        if (conffile != NULL) {
                file = fopen(conffile, "r");
                if (file == NULL)
                        err(EX_NOINPUT, "%s", conffile);
        }
        attach_jail();
        if (file != NULL) {
                warncount += parsefile(file);
                fclose(file);
        }

        while (argc-- > 0)
                warncount += parse(*argv++, 0);

        return (warncount);
}

static void
attach_jail(void)
{
#ifdef JAIL
        int jid;

        if (jailname == NULL)
                return;

        jid = jail_getid(jailname);
        if (jid == -1)
                errx(1, "jail not found");
        if (jail_attach(jid) != 0)
                errx(1, "cannot attach to jail");
#endif
}

/*
 * Parse a single numeric value, append it to 'newbuf', and update
 * 'newsize'.  Returns true if the value was parsed and false if the
 * value was invalid.  Non-numeric types (strings) are handled
 * directly in parse().
 */
static bool
parse_numeric(const char *newvalstr, const char *fmt, u_int kind,
    void **newbufp, size_t *newsizep)
{
        void *newbuf;
        const void *newval;
        int8_t i8val;
        uint8_t u8val;
        int16_t i16val;
        uint16_t u16val;
        int32_t i32val;
        uint32_t u32val;
        int intval;
        unsigned int uintval;
        long longval;
        unsigned long ulongval;
        int64_t i64val;
        uint64_t u64val;
        size_t valsize;
        char *endptr = NULL;
        
        errno = 0;

        switch (kind & CTLTYPE) {
        case CTLTYPE_INT:
                if (strncmp(fmt, "IK", 2) == 0)
                        intval = strIKtoi(newvalstr, &endptr, fmt);
                else
                        intval = (int)strtol(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &intval;
                valsize = sizeof(intval);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_UINT:
                uintval = (int) strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &uintval;
                valsize = sizeof(uintval);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_LONG:
                longval = strtol(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &longval;
                valsize = sizeof(longval);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
                ulongval = strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &ulongval;
                valsize = sizeof(ulongval);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_S8:
                i8val = (int8_t)strtol(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &i8val;
                valsize = sizeof(i8val);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_S16:
                i16val = (int16_t)strtol(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &i16val;
                valsize = sizeof(i16val);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_S32:
                i32val = (int32_t)strtol(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &i32val;
                valsize = sizeof(i32val);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_S64:
                i64val = strtoimax(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &i64val;
                valsize = sizeof(i64val);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_U8:
                u8val = (uint8_t)strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &u8val;
                valsize = sizeof(u8val);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_U16:
                u16val = (uint16_t)strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &u16val;
                valsize = sizeof(u16val);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_U32:
                u32val = (uint32_t)strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &u32val;
                valsize = sizeof(u32val);
                break;
        case CTLTYPE_U64:
                u64val = strtoumax(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &u64val;
                valsize = sizeof(u64val);
                break;
        default:
                /* NOTREACHED */
                abort();
        }
        
        if (errno != 0 || endptr == newvalstr ||
            (endptr != NULL && *endptr != '\0'))
                return (false);

        newbuf = realloc(*newbufp, *newsizep + valsize);
        if (newbuf == NULL)
                err(1, "out of memory");
        memcpy((char *)newbuf + *newsizep, newval, valsize);
        *newbufp = newbuf;
        *newsizep += valsize;
        
        return (true);
}

/*
 * Parse a name into a MIB entry.
 * Lookup and print out the MIB entry if it exists.
 * Set a new value if requested.
 */
static int
parse(const char *string, int lineno)
{
        int len, i, j, save_errno;
        const void *newval;
        char *newvalstr = NULL;
        void *newbuf;
        size_t newsize = Bflag;
        int mib[CTL_MAXNAME];
        char *cp, *bufp, *buf, fmt[BUFSIZ], line[BUFSIZ];
        u_int kind;

        if (lineno)
                snprintf(line, sizeof(line), " at line %d", lineno);
        else
                line[0] = '\0';

        /*
         * Split the string into name and value.
         *
         * Either = or : may be used as the delimiter.
         * Whitespace surrounding the delimiter is trimmed.
         * Quotes around the value are stripped.
         */
        cp = buf = strdup(string);
        bufp = strsep(&cp, "=:");
        if (cp != NULL) {
                /* Tflag just lists tunables, do not allow assignment */
                if (Tflag || Wflag) {
                        warnx("Can't set variables when using -T or -W");
                        usage();
                }
                /* Trim whitespace before the value. */
                while (isspace(*cp))
                        cp++;
                /* Strip a pair of " or ' if any. */
                switch (*cp) {
                case '\"':
                case '\'':
                        if (cp[strlen(cp) - 1] == *cp)
                                cp[strlen(cp) - 1] = '\0';
                        cp++;
                }
                newvalstr = cp;
                newsize = strlen(cp);
        }
        /* Trim whitespace after the name. */
        cp = bufp + strlen(bufp) - 1;
        while (cp >= bufp && isspace((int)*cp)) {
                *cp = '\0';
                cp--;
        }

        /*
         * Check the name is a useable oid.
         */
        len = name2oid(bufp, mib);
        if (len < 0) {
                if (iflag) {
                        free(buf);
                        return (0);
                }
                if (!qflag) {
                        if (errno == ENOENT) {
                                warnx("unknown oid '%s'%s", bufp, line);
                        } else {
                                warn("unknown oid '%s'%s", bufp, line);
                        }
                }
                free(buf);
                return (1);
        }

        if (oidfmt(mib, len, fmt, &kind)) {
                warn("couldn't find format of oid '%s'%s", bufp, line);
                free(buf);
                if (iflag)
                        return (1);
                else
                        exit(1);
        }

        /*
         * We have a useable oid to work with.  If there is no value given,
         * show the node and its children.  Otherwise, set the new value.
         */
        if (newvalstr == NULL || dflag) {
                free(buf);
                if ((kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
                        if (dflag) {
                                i = show_var(mib, len, false);
                                if (!i && !bflag)
                                        putchar('\n');
                        }
                        sysctl_all(mib, len);
                } else {
                        i = show_var(mib, len, false);
                        if (!i && !bflag)
                                putchar('\n');
                }
                return (0);
        }

        /*
         * We have a new value to set.  Check its validity and parse if numeric.
         */
        if ((kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
                warnx("oid '%s' isn't a leaf node%s", bufp, line);
                free(buf);
                return (1);
        }

        if (!(kind & CTLFLAG_WR)) {
                if (kind & CTLFLAG_TUN) {
                        warnx("oid '%s' is a read only tunable%s", bufp, line);
                        warnx("Tunable values are set in /boot/loader.conf");
                } else
                        warnx("oid '%s' is read only%s", bufp, line);
                free(buf);
                return (1);
        }

        switch (kind & CTLTYPE) {
        case CTLTYPE_INT:
        case CTLTYPE_UINT:
        case CTLTYPE_LONG:
        case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
        case CTLTYPE_S8:
        case CTLTYPE_S16:
        case CTLTYPE_S32:
        case CTLTYPE_S64:
        case CTLTYPE_U8:
        case CTLTYPE_U16:
        case CTLTYPE_U32:
        case CTLTYPE_U64:
                if (strlen(newvalstr) == 0) {
                        warnx("empty numeric value");
                        free(buf);
                        return (1);
                }
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case CTLTYPE_STRING:
                break;
        default:
                warnx("oid '%s' is type %d, cannot set that%s",
                    bufp, kind & CTLTYPE, line);
                free(buf);
                return (1);
        }

        newbuf = NULL;

        switch (kind & CTLTYPE) {
        case CTLTYPE_STRING:
                newval = newvalstr;
                break;
        default:
                newsize = 0;
                while ((cp = strsep(&newvalstr, " ,")) != NULL) {
                        if (*cp == '\0')
                                continue;
                        if (!parse_numeric(cp, fmt, kind, &newbuf, &newsize)) {
                                warnx("invalid %s '%s'%s",
                                    ctl_typename[kind & CTLTYPE], cp, line);
                                free(newbuf);
                                free(buf);
                                return (1);
                        }
                }
                newval = newbuf;
                break;
        }

        /*
         * Show the current value, then set and show the new value.
         */
        i = show_var(mib, len, false);
        if (sysctl(mib, len, 0, 0, newval, newsize) == -1) {
                save_errno = errno;
                free(newbuf);
                free(buf);
                if (!i && !bflag)
                        putchar('\n');
                switch (save_errno) {
                case EOPNOTSUPP:
                        warnx("%s: value is not available%s",
                            string, line);
                        return (1);
                case ENOTDIR:
                        warnx("%s: specification is incomplete%s",
                            string, line);
                        return (1);
                case ENOMEM:
                        warnx("%s: type is unknown to this program%s",
                            string, line);
                        return (1);
                default:
                        warnc(save_errno, "%s%s", string, line);
                        return (1);
                }
        }
        free(newbuf);
        free(buf);
        if (!bflag)
                printf(" -> ");
        i = nflag;
        nflag = 1;
        j = show_var(mib, len, false);
        if (!j && !bflag)
                putchar('\n');
        nflag = i;

        return (0);
}

static int
parsefile(FILE *file)
{
        char line[BUFSIZ], *p, *pq, *pdq;
        int warncount = 0, lineno = 0;

        while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), file) != NULL) {
                lineno++;
                p = line;
                pq = strchr(line, '\'');
                pdq = strchr(line, '\"');
                /* Replace the first # with \0. */
                while((p = strchr(p, '#')) != NULL) {
                        if (pq != NULL && p > pq) {
                                if ((p = strchr(pq+1, '\'')) != NULL)
                                        *(++p) = '\0';
                                break;
                        } else if (pdq != NULL && p > pdq) {
                                if ((p = strchr(pdq+1, '\"')) != NULL)
                                        *(++p) = '\0';
                                break;
                        } else if (p == line || *(p-1) != '\\') {
                                *p = '\0';
                                break;
                        }
                        p++;
                }
                /* Trim spaces */
                p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
                while (p >= line && isspace((int)*p)) {
                        *p = '\0';
                        p--;
                }
                p = line;
                while (isspace((int)*p))
                        p++;
                if (*p == '\0')
                        continue;
                else
                        warncount += parse(p, lineno);
        }

        return (warncount);
}

/* These functions will dump out various interesting structures. */

static int
S_clockinfo(size_t l2, void *p)
{
        struct clockinfo *ci = (struct clockinfo*)p;

        if (l2 != sizeof(*ci)) {
                warnx("S_clockinfo %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*ci));
                return (1);
        }
        printf(hflag ? "{ hz = %'d, tick = %'d, profhz = %'d, stathz = %'d }" :
                "{ hz = %d, tick = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d }",
                ci->hz, ci->tick, ci->profhz, ci->stathz);
        return (0);
}

static int
S_loadavg(size_t l2, void *p)
{
        struct loadavg *tv = (struct loadavg*)p;

        if (l2 != sizeof(*tv)) {
                warnx("S_loadavg %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*tv));
                return (1);
        }
        printf(hflag ? "{ %'.2f %'.2f %'.2f }" : "{ %.2f %.2f %.2f }",
                (double)tv->ldavg[0]/(double)tv->fscale,
                (double)tv->ldavg[1]/(double)tv->fscale,
                (double)tv->ldavg[2]/(double)tv->fscale);
        return (0);
}

static int
S_timeval(size_t l2, void *p)
{
        struct timeval *tv = (struct timeval*)p;
        time_t tv_sec;
        char *p1, *p2;

        if (l2 != sizeof(*tv)) {
                warnx("S_timeval %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*tv));
                return (1);
        }
        printf(hflag ? "{ sec = %'jd, usec = %'ld } " :
                "{ sec = %jd, usec = %ld } ",
                (intmax_t)tv->tv_sec, tv->tv_usec);
        tv_sec = tv->tv_sec;
        p1 = strdup(ctime(&tv_sec));
        for (p2=p1; *p2 ; p2++)
                if (*p2 == '\n')
                        *p2 = '\0';
        fputs(p1, stdout);
        free(p1);
        return (0);
}

static int
S_vmtotal(size_t l2, void *p)
{
        struct vmtotal *v;
        int pageKilo;

        if (l2 != sizeof(*v)) {
                warnx("S_vmtotal %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*v));
                return (1);
        }

        v = p;
        pageKilo = getpagesize() / 1024;

#define pg2k(a) ((uintmax_t)(a) * pageKilo)
        printf("\nSystem wide totals computed every five seconds:"
            " (values in kilobytes)\n");
        printf("===============================================\n");
        printf("Processes:\t\t(RUNQ: %d Disk Wait: %d Page Wait: "
            "%d Sleep: %d)\n",
            v->t_rq, v->t_dw, v->t_pw, v->t_sl);
        printf("Virtual Memory:\t\t(Total: %juK Active: %juK)\n",
            pg2k(v->t_vm), pg2k(v->t_avm));
        printf("Real Memory:\t\t(Total: %juK Active: %juK)\n",
            pg2k(v->t_rm), pg2k(v->t_arm));
        printf("Shared Virtual Memory:\t(Total: %juK Active: %juK)\n",
            pg2k(v->t_vmshr), pg2k(v->t_avmshr));
        printf("Shared Real Memory:\t(Total: %juK Active: %juK)\n",
            pg2k(v->t_rmshr), pg2k(v->t_armshr));
        printf("Free Memory:\t%juK", pg2k(v->t_free));
        return (0);
}

static int
S_input_id(size_t l2, void *p)
{
        struct input_id *id = p;

        if (l2 != sizeof(*id)) {
                warnx("S_input_id %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*id));
                return (1);
        }

        printf("{ bustype = 0x%04x, vendor = 0x%04x, "
            "product = 0x%04x, version = 0x%04x }",
            id->bustype, id->vendor, id->product, id->version);
        return (0);
}

static int
S_pagesizes(size_t l2, void *p)
{
        char buf[256];
        u_long *ps;
        size_t l;
        int i;

        l = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "{ ");
        ps = p;
        for (i = 0; i * sizeof(*ps) < l2 && ps[i] != 0 && l < sizeof(buf);
            i++) {
                l += snprintf(&buf[l], sizeof(buf) - l,
                    "%s%lu", i == 0 ? "" : ", ", ps[i]);
        }
        if (l < sizeof(buf))
                (void)snprintf(&buf[l], sizeof(buf) - l, " }");

        printf("%s", buf);

        return (0);
}

#ifdef __amd64__
static int
S_efi_map(size_t l2, void *p)
{
        struct efi_map_header *efihdr;
        struct efi_md *map;
        const char *type;
        size_t efisz;
        int ndesc, i;

        static const char * const types[] = {
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_NULL] =    "Reserved",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_CODE] =    "LoaderCode",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_DATA] =    "LoaderData",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_BS_CODE] = "BootServicesCode",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_BS_DATA] = "BootServicesData",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_RT_CODE] = "RuntimeServicesCode",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_RT_DATA] = "RuntimeServicesData",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_FREE] =    "ConventionalMemory",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_BAD] =     "UnusableMemory",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_RECLAIM] = "ACPIReclaimMemory",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_FIRMWARE] = "ACPIMemoryNVS",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_IOMEM] =   "MemoryMappedIO",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_IOPORT] =  "MemoryMappedIOPortSpace",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_PALCODE] = "PalCode",
                [EFI_MD_TYPE_PERSISTENT] = "PersistentMemory",
        };

        /*
         * Memory map data provided by UEFI via the GetMemoryMap
         * Boot Services API.
         */
        if (l2 < sizeof(*efihdr)) {
                warnx("S_efi_map length less than header");
                return (1);
        }
        efihdr = p;
        efisz = (sizeof(struct efi_map_header) + 0xf) & ~0xf;
        map = (struct efi_md *)((uint8_t *)efihdr + efisz);

        if (efihdr->descriptor_size == 0)
                return (0);
        if (l2 != efisz + efihdr->memory_size) {
                warnx("S_efi_map length mismatch %zu vs %zu", l2, efisz +
                    efihdr->memory_size);
                return (1);
        }
        ndesc = efihdr->memory_size / efihdr->descriptor_size;

        printf("\n%23s %12s %12s %8s %4s",
            "Type", "Physical", "Virtual", "#Pages", "Attr");

        for (i = 0; i < ndesc; i++,
            map = efi_next_descriptor(map, efihdr->descriptor_size)) {
                type = NULL;
                if (map->md_type < nitems(types))
                        type = types[map->md_type];
                if (type == NULL)
                        type = "<INVALID>";
                printf("\n%23s %012jx %012jx %08jx ", type,
                    (uintmax_t)map->md_phys, (uintmax_t)map->md_virt,
                    (uintmax_t)map->md_pages);
                if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_UC)
                        printf("UC ");
                if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WC)
                        printf("WC ");
                if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WT)
                        printf("WT ");
                if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WB)
                        printf("WB ");
                if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_UCE)
                        printf("UCE ");
                if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WP)
                        printf("WP ");
                if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_RP)
                        printf("RP ");
                if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_XP)
                        printf("XP ");
                if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_RT)
                        printf("RUNTIME");
        }
        return (0);
}
#endif

#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
static int
S_bios_smap_xattr(size_t l2, void *p)
{
        struct bios_smap_xattr *smap, *end;

        if (l2 % sizeof(*smap) != 0) {
                warnx("S_bios_smap_xattr %zu is not a multiple of %zu", l2,
                    sizeof(*smap));
                return (1);
        }

        end = (struct bios_smap_xattr *)((char *)p + l2);
        for (smap = p; smap < end; smap++)
                printf("\nSMAP type=%02x, xattr=%02x, base=%016jx, len=%016jx",
                    smap->type, smap->xattr, (uintmax_t)smap->base,
                    (uintmax_t)smap->length);
        return (0);
}
#endif

static int
strIKtoi(const char *str, char **endptrp, const char *fmt)
{
        int kelv;
        float temp;
        size_t len;
        const char *p;
        int prec, i;

        assert(errno == 0);

        len = strlen(str);
        /* caller already checked this */
        assert(len > 0);

        /*
         * A format of "IK" is in deciKelvin. A format of "IK3" is in
         * milliKelvin. The single digit following IK is log10 of the
         * multiplying factor to convert Kelvin into the untis of this sysctl,
         * or the dividing factor to convert the sysctl value to Kelvin. Numbers
         * larger than 6 will run into precision issues with 32-bit integers.
         * Characters that aren't ASCII digits after the 'K' are ignored. No
         * localization is present because this is an interface from the kernel
         * to this program (eg not an end-user interface), so isdigit() isn't
         * used here.
         */
        if (fmt[2] != '\0' && fmt[2] >= '0' && fmt[2] <= '9')
                prec = fmt[2] - '0';
        else
                prec = 1;
        p = &str[len - 1];
        if (*p == 'C' || *p == 'F' || *p == 'K') {
                temp = strtof(str, endptrp);
                if (*endptrp != str && *endptrp == p && errno == 0) {
                        if (*p == 'F')
                                temp = (temp - 32) * 5 / 9;
                        *endptrp = NULL;
                        if (*p != 'K')
                                temp += 273.15;
                        for (i = 0; i < prec; i++)
                                temp *= 10.0;
                        return ((int)(temp + 0.5));
                }
        } else {
                /* No unit specified -> treat it as a raw number */
                kelv = (int)strtol(str, endptrp, 10);
                if (*endptrp != str && *endptrp == p && errno == 0) {
                        *endptrp = NULL;
                        return (kelv);
                }
        }

        errno = ERANGE;
        return (0);
}

/*
 * These functions uses a presently undocumented interface to the kernel
 * to walk the tree and get the type so it can print the value.
 * This interface is under work and consideration, and should probably
 * be killed with a big axe by the first person who can find the time.
 * (be aware though, that the proper interface isn't as obvious as it
 * may seem, there are various conflicting requirements.
 */

static int
name2oid(const char *name, int *oidp)
{
        int oid[2];
        int i;
        size_t j;

        oid[0] = CTL_SYSCTL;
        oid[1] = CTL_SYSCTL_NAME2OID;

        j = CTL_MAXNAME * sizeof(int);
        i = sysctl(oid, 2, oidp, &j, name, strlen(name));
        if (i < 0)
                return (i);
        j /= sizeof(int);
        return (j);
}

static int
oidfmt(int *oid, int len, char *fmt, u_int *kind)
{
        int qoid[CTL_MAXNAME+2];
        u_char buf[BUFSIZ];
        int i;
        size_t j;

        qoid[0] = CTL_SYSCTL;
        qoid[1] = CTL_SYSCTL_OIDFMT;
        memcpy(qoid + 2, oid, len * sizeof(int));

        j = sizeof(buf);
        i = sysctl(qoid, len + 2, buf, &j, 0, 0);
        if (i)
                err(1, "sysctl fmt %d %zu %d", i, j, errno);

        if (kind)
                *kind = *(u_int *)buf;

        if (fmt)
                strcpy(fmt, (char *)(buf + sizeof(u_int)));
        return (0);
}

/*
 * This displays a combination of name, type, format, and/or description.
 *
 * Returns zero if anything was actually output.
 * Returns one if there is an error.
 */
static int
show_info(char *name, const char *sep, int ctltype, char *fmt, int *qoid, int nlen)
{
        u_char buf[BUFSIZ];
        const char *prntype;
        int error = 0, i;
        size_t j;

        if (!nflag)
                printf("%s%s", name, sep);
        if (tflag) {
                if (ctl_typename[ctltype] != NULL)
                        prntype = ctl_typename[ctltype];
                else {
                        prntype = "unknown";
                        error++;
                }
                if (Fflag || dflag)
                        printf("%s%s", prntype, sep);
                else
                        fputs(prntype, stdout);
        }
        if (Fflag) {
                if (!isprint(fmt[0])) /* Few codes doesn't have formats */
                        fmt = "";
                if (dflag)
                        printf("%s%s", fmt, sep);
                else
                        fputs(fmt, stdout);
        }
        if (!dflag)
                return (error);

        qoid[1] = CTL_SYSCTL_OIDDESCR;
        bzero(buf, BUFSIZ);
        j = sizeof(buf);
        i = sysctl(qoid, nlen + 2, buf, &j, 0, 0);
        if (i < 0) {
                putchar('\n');
                return (1);
        }
        fputs(buf, stdout);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * This formats and outputs the value of one variable
 *
 * Returns zero if anything was actually output.
 * Returns one if didn't know what to do with this.
 * Return minus one if we had errors.
 */
static int
show_var(int *oid, int nlen, bool honor_skip)
{
        static int skip_len = 0, skip_oid[CTL_MAXNAME];
        u_char *val, *oval, *p;
        char name[BUFSIZ], fmt[BUFSIZ];
        const char *sep, *sep1;
        int qoid[CTL_MAXNAME+2];
        uintmax_t umv;
        intmax_t mv;
        int i, hexlen, sign, ctltype;
        size_t intlen;
        size_t j, len;
        u_int kind;
        float base;
        int (*func)(size_t, void *);
        int prec;

        /* Silence GCC. */
        umv = mv = intlen = 0;

        bzero(fmt, BUFSIZ);
        bzero(name, BUFSIZ);
        qoid[0] = CTL_SYSCTL;
        qoid[1] = CTL_SYSCTL_NAME;
        memcpy(qoid + 2, oid, nlen * sizeof(int));
        j = sizeof(name);
        i = sysctl(qoid, nlen + 2, name, &j, 0, 0);
        if (i || !j)
                err(1, "sysctl name %d %zu %d", i, j, errno);

        oidfmt(oid, nlen, fmt, &kind);
        /* if Wflag then only list sysctls that are writeable and not stats. */
        if (Wflag && ((kind & CTLFLAG_WR) == 0 || (kind & CTLFLAG_STATS) != 0))
                return (1);

        /* if Jflag then only list sysctls that are prison variables. */
        if (Jflag && (kind & CTLFLAG_PRISON) == 0)
                return (1);

        /* if Tflag then only list sysctls that are tuneables. */
        if (Tflag && (kind & CTLFLAG_TUN) == 0)
                return (1);

        /* if Vflag then only list sysctls that are vnet variables. */
        if (Vflag && (kind & CTLFLAG_VNET) == 0)
                return (1);

        if (Nflag) {
                printf("%s", name);
                return (0);
        }

        if (eflag)
                sep = "=";
        else
                sep = ": ";

        ctltype = (kind & CTLTYPE);
        if (tflag || Fflag || dflag)
                return show_info(name, sep, ctltype, fmt, qoid, nlen);

        /* keep track of encountered skip nodes, ignoring descendants */
        if ((skip_len == 0 || skip_len >= nlen * (int)sizeof(int)) &&
            (kind & CTLFLAG_SKIP) != 0) {
                /* Save this oid so we can skip descendants. */
                skip_len = nlen * sizeof(int);
                memcpy(skip_oid, oid, skip_len);
        }

        /* bail before fetching the value if we're honoring skip */
        if (honor_skip) {
                if (0 < skip_len && skip_len <= nlen * (int)sizeof(int) &&
                    memcmp(skip_oid, oid, skip_len) == 0)
                        return (1);
                /* Not a skip node or descendant of a skip node. */
                skip_len = 0;
        }

        /* don't fetch opaques that we don't know how to print */
        if (ctltype == CTLTYPE_OPAQUE) {
                if (strcmp(fmt, "S,clockinfo") == 0)
                        func = S_clockinfo;
                else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,timeval") == 0)
                        func = S_timeval;
                else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,loadavg") == 0)
                        func = S_loadavg;
                else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,vmtotal") == 0)
                        func = S_vmtotal;
                else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,input_id") == 0)
                        func = S_input_id;
                else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,pagesizes") == 0)
                        func = S_pagesizes;
#ifdef __amd64__
                else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,efi_map_header") == 0)
                        func = S_efi_map;
#endif
#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
                else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,bios_smap_xattr") == 0)
                        func = S_bios_smap_xattr;
#endif
                else {
                        func = NULL;
                        if (!bflag && !oflag && !xflag)
                                return (1);
                }
        }

        /* find an estimate of how much we need for this var */
        if (Bflag)
                j = Bflag;
        else {
                j = 0;
                i = sysctl(oid, nlen, 0, &j, 0, 0);
                j += j; /* we want to be sure :-) */
        }

        val = oval = malloc(j + 1);
        if (val == NULL) {
                warnx("malloc failed");
                return (1);
        }
        len = j;
        i = sysctl(oid, nlen, val, &len, 0, 0);
        if (i != 0 || (len == 0 && ctltype != CTLTYPE_STRING)) {
                free(oval);
                return (1);
        }

        if (bflag) {
                fwrite(val, 1, len, stdout);
                free(oval);
                return (0);
        }
        val[len] = '\0';
        p = val;
        sign = ctl_sign[ctltype];
        intlen = ctl_size[ctltype];

        switch (ctltype) {
        case CTLTYPE_STRING:
                if (!nflag)
                        printf("%s%s", name, sep);
                if (lflag)
                        printf("%zd%s", len, sep);
                printf("%.*s", (int)len, p);
                free(oval);
                return (0);

        case CTLTYPE_INT:
        case CTLTYPE_UINT:
        case CTLTYPE_LONG:
        case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
        case CTLTYPE_S8:
        case CTLTYPE_S16:
        case CTLTYPE_S32:
        case CTLTYPE_S64:
        case CTLTYPE_U8:
        case CTLTYPE_U16:
        case CTLTYPE_U32:
        case CTLTYPE_U64:
                if (!nflag)
                        printf("%s%s", name, sep);
                if (lflag)
                        printf("%zd%s", len, sep);
                hexlen = 2 + (intlen * CHAR_BIT + 3) / 4;
                sep1 = "";
                while (len >= intlen) {
                        switch (kind & CTLTYPE) {
                        case CTLTYPE_INT:
                        case CTLTYPE_UINT:
                                umv = *(u_int *)p;
                                mv = *(int *)p;
                                break;
                        case CTLTYPE_LONG:
                        case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
                                umv = *(u_long *)p;
                                mv = *(long *)p;
                                break;
                        case CTLTYPE_S8:
                        case CTLTYPE_U8:
                                umv = *(uint8_t *)p;
                                mv = *(int8_t *)p;
                                break;
                        case CTLTYPE_S16:
                        case CTLTYPE_U16:
                                umv = *(uint16_t *)p;
                                mv = *(int16_t *)p;
                                break;
                        case CTLTYPE_S32:
                        case CTLTYPE_U32:
                                umv = *(uint32_t *)p;
                                mv = *(int32_t *)p;
                                break;
                        case CTLTYPE_S64:
                        case CTLTYPE_U64:
                                umv = *(uint64_t *)p;
                                mv = *(int64_t *)p;
                                break;
                        }
                        fputs(sep1, stdout);
                        if (xflag)
                                printf("%#0*jx", hexlen, umv);
                        else if (!sign)
                                printf(hflag ? "%'ju" : "%ju", umv);
                        else if (fmt[1] == 'K') {
                                if (mv < 0)
                                        printf("%jd", mv);
                                else {
                                        /*
                                         * See strIKtoi for details on fmt.
                                         */
                                        prec = 1;
                                        if (fmt[2] != '\0')
                                                prec = fmt[2] - '0';
                                        base = 1.0;
                                        for (int i = 0; i < prec; i++)
                                                base *= 10.0;
                                        printf("%.*fC", prec,
                                            (float)mv / base - 273.15);
                                }
                        } else
                                printf(hflag ? "%'jd" : "%jd", mv);
                        sep1 = " ";
                        len -= intlen;
                        p += intlen;
                }
                free(oval);
                return (0);

        case CTLTYPE_OPAQUE:
                i = 0;
                if (func) {
                        if (!nflag)
                                printf("%s%s", name, sep);
                        if (lflag)
                                printf("%zd%s", len, sep);
                        i = (*func)(len, p);
                        free(oval);
                        return (i);
                }
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        default:
                if (!oflag && !xflag) {
                        free(oval);
                        return (1);
                }
                if (!nflag)
                        printf("%s%s", name, sep);
                if (lflag)
                        printf("%zd%s", len, sep);
                printf("Format:%s Length:%zu Dump:0x", fmt, len);
                while (len-- && (xflag || p < val + 16))
                        printf("%02x", *p++);
                if (!xflag && len > 16)
                        printf("...");
                free(oval);
                return (0);
        }
        free(oval);
        return (1);
}

static int
sysctl_all(int *oid, int len)
{
        int name1[22], name2[22];
        int i, j;
        size_t l1, l2;

        name1[0] = CTL_SYSCTL;
        name1[1] = (oid != NULL || Nflag || dflag || tflag) ?
            CTL_SYSCTL_NEXTNOSKIP : CTL_SYSCTL_NEXT;
        l1 = 2;
        if (len) {
                memcpy(name1 + 2, oid, len * sizeof(int));
                l1 += len;
        } else {
                name1[2] = CTL_KERN;
                l1++;
        }
        for (;;) {
                l2 = sizeof(name2);
                j = sysctl(name1, l1, name2, &l2, 0, 0);
                if (j < 0) {
                        if (errno == ENOENT)
                                return (0);
                        else
                                err(1, "sysctl(getnext) %d %zu", j, l2);
                }

                l2 /= sizeof(int);

                if (len < 0 || l2 < (unsigned int)len)
                        return (0);

                if (memcmp(name2, oid, len * sizeof(int)) != 0)
                        return (0);

                i = show_var(name2, l2, true);
                if (!i && !bflag)
                        putchar('\n');

                memcpy(name1 + 2, name2, l2 * sizeof(int));
                l1 = 2 + l2;
        }
}