root/sbin/route/route.c
/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1991, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#ifdef JAIL
#include <sys/jail.h>
#endif
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>

#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <net/if_dl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#ifdef JAIL
#include <jail.h>
#endif
#include <paths.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>

struct fibl {
        TAILQ_ENTRY(fibl)       fl_next;

        int     fl_num;
        int     fl_error;
        int     fl_errno;
};

static struct keytab {
        const char      *kt_cp;
        int     kt_i;
} const keywords[] = {
#include "keywords.h"
        {0, 0}
};

int     verbose, debugonly;
#ifdef JAIL
char * jail_name;
#endif
static struct sockaddr_storage so[RTAX_MAX];
static int      pid, rtm_addrs;
static int      nflag, af, aflen, qflag, tflag;
static int      locking, lockrest;
static struct rt_metrics rt_metrics;
static u_long  rtm_inits;
static uid_t    uid;
static int      defaultfib;
static int      numfibs;
static char     domain_storage[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
static const char       *domain;
static char     rt_line[NI_MAXHOST];
static char     net_line[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];

#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
static int      s;
static int      rtm_seq;

static struct {
        struct  rt_msghdr m_rtm;
        char    m_space[512];
} m_rtmsg;

static int      rtmsg_rtsock(int, int, int);
static int      flushroutes_fib_rtsock(int);
static void     monitor_rtsock(void);
#else
int             rtmsg_nl(int, int, int, int, struct sockaddr_storage *, struct rt_metrics *);
int             flushroutes_fib_nl(int, int);
void            monitor_nl(int);
#endif

static TAILQ_HEAD(fibl_head_t, fibl) fibl_head;

void    printb(int, const char *);
static void     flushroutes(int argc, char *argv[]);
static int      flushroutes_fib(int);
static int      getaddr(int, char *, int);
static int      keyword(const char *);
#ifdef INET
static void     inet_makemask(struct sockaddr_in *, u_long);
#endif
#ifdef INET6
static int      inet6_makenetandmask(struct sockaddr_in6 *, const char *);
#endif
static void     interfaces(void);
static void     monitor(int, char*[]);
const char      *netname(struct sockaddr *);
static void     newroute(int, char **);
static int      newroute_fib(int, char *, int);
static void     pmsg_addrs(char *, int, size_t);
static void     pmsg_common(struct rt_msghdr *, size_t);
static int      prefixlen(const char *);
static void     print_getmsg(struct rt_msghdr *, int, int);
static void     print_rtmsg(struct rt_msghdr *, size_t);
const char      *routename(struct sockaddr *);
static int      rtmsg(int, int, int);
static void     set_metric(char *, int);
static int      set_sofib(int);
static void     sockaddr(char *, struct sockaddr *, size_t);
static void     sodump(struct sockaddr *, const char *);
static int      fiboptlist_csv(const char *, struct fibl_head_t *);
static int      fiboptlist_range(const char *, struct fibl_head_t *);

static void usage(const char *) __dead2;

#define READ_TIMEOUT    10
static volatile sig_atomic_t stop_read;

static void
stopit(int sig __unused)
{

        stop_read = 1;
}

static void
usage(const char *cp)
{
        if (cp != NULL)
                warnx("bad keyword: %s", cp);
        errx(EX_USAGE, "usage: route [-j jail] [-46dnqtv] command [[modifiers] args]");
        /* NOTREACHED */
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int ch;
#ifdef JAIL
        int jid;
#endif
        size_t len;

        if (argc < 2)
                usage(NULL);

        while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "46nqdtvj:")) != -1)
                switch(ch) {
                case '4':
#ifdef INET
                        af = AF_INET;
                        aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
#else
                        errx(1, "IPv4 support is not compiled in");
#endif
                        break;
                case '6':
#ifdef INET6
                        af = AF_INET6;
                        aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
#else
                        errx(1, "IPv6 support is not compiled in");
#endif
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        nflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        qflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        verbose = 1;
                        break;
                case 't':
                        tflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        debugonly = 1;
                        break;
                case 'j':
#ifdef JAIL
                        if (optarg == NULL)
                                usage(NULL);
                        jail_name = optarg;
#else
                        errx(1, "Jail support is not compiled in");
#endif
                        break;
                case '?':
                default:
                        usage(NULL);
                }
        argc -= optind;
        argv += optind;

        pid = getpid();
        uid = geteuid();

#ifdef JAIL
        if (jail_name != NULL) {
                jid = jail_getid(jail_name);
                if (jid == -1)
                        errx(1, "Jail not found");
                if (jail_attach(jid) != 0)
                        errx(1, "Cannot attach to jail");
        }
#endif

#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
        if (tflag)
                s = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY, 0);
        else
                s = socket(PF_ROUTE, SOCK_RAW, 0);
        if (s < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
#endif

        len = sizeof(numfibs);
        if (sysctlbyname("net.fibs", (void *)&numfibs, &len, NULL, 0) == -1)
                numfibs = -1;

        len = sizeof(defaultfib);
        if (numfibs != -1 &&
            sysctlbyname("net.my_fibnum", (void *)&defaultfib, &len, NULL,
                0) == -1)
                defaultfib = -1;

        if (*argv != NULL)
                switch (keyword(*argv)) {
                case K_GET:
                case K_SHOW:
                        uid = 0;
                        /* FALLTHROUGH */

                case K_CHANGE:
                case K_ADD:
                case K_DEL:
                case K_DELETE:
                        newroute(argc, argv);
                        /* NOTREACHED */

                case K_MONITOR:
                        monitor(argc, argv);
                        /* NOTREACHED */

                case K_FLUSH:
                        flushroutes(argc, argv);
                        exit(0);
                        /* NOTREACHED */
                }
        usage(*argv);
        /* NOTREACHED */
}

static int
set_sofib(int fib)
{

#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
        if (fib < 0)
                return (0);
        return (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SETFIB, (void *)&fib,
            sizeof(fib)));
#else
        return (0);
#endif
}

static int
fiboptlist_range(const char *arg, struct fibl_head_t *flh)
{
        struct fibl *fl;
        char *str0, *str, *token, *endptr;
        int fib[2], i, error;

        str0 = str = strdup(arg);
        error = 0;
        i = 0;
        while ((token = strsep(&str, "-")) != NULL) {
                switch (i) {
                case 0:
                case 1:
                        errno = 0;
                        fib[i] = strtol(token, &endptr, 0);
                        if (errno == 0) {
                                if (*endptr != '\0' ||
                                    fib[i] < 0 ||
                                    (numfibs != -1 && fib[i] > numfibs - 1))
                                        errno = EINVAL;
                        }
                        if (errno)
                                error = 1;
                        break;
                default:
                        error = 1;
                }
                if (error)
                        goto fiboptlist_range_ret;
                i++;
        }
        if (fib[0] >= fib[1]) {
                error = 1;
                goto fiboptlist_range_ret;
        }
        for (i = fib[0]; i <= fib[1]; i++) {
                fl = calloc(1, sizeof(*fl));
                if (fl == NULL) {
                        error = 1;
                        goto fiboptlist_range_ret;
                }
                fl->fl_num = i;
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(flh, fl, fl_next);
        }
fiboptlist_range_ret:
        free(str0);
        return (error);
}

#define ALLSTRLEN       64
static int
fiboptlist_csv(const char *arg, struct fibl_head_t *flh)
{
        struct fibl *fl;
        char *str0, *str, *token, *endptr;
        int fib, error;

        str0 = str = NULL;
        if (strcmp("all", arg) == 0) {
                str = calloc(1, ALLSTRLEN);
                if (str == NULL) {
                        error = 1;
                        goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
                }
                if (numfibs > 1)
                        snprintf(str, ALLSTRLEN - 1, "%d-%d", 0, numfibs - 1);
                else
                        snprintf(str, ALLSTRLEN - 1, "%d", 0);
        } else if (strcmp("default", arg) == 0) {
                str0 = str = calloc(1, ALLSTRLEN);
                if (str == NULL) {
                        error = 1;
                        goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
                }
                snprintf(str, ALLSTRLEN - 1, "%d", defaultfib);
        } else
                str0 = str = strdup(arg);

        error = 0;
        while ((token = strsep(&str, ",")) != NULL) {
                if (*token != '-' && strchr(token, '-') != NULL) {
                        error = fiboptlist_range(token, flh);
                        if (error)
                                goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
                } else {
                        errno = 0;
                        fib = strtol(token, &endptr, 0);
                        if (errno == 0) {
                                if (*endptr != '\0' ||
                                    fib < 0 ||
                                    (numfibs != -1 && fib > numfibs - 1))
                                        errno = EINVAL;
                        }
                        if (errno) {
                                error = 1;
                                goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
                        }
                        fl = calloc(1, sizeof(*fl));
                        if (fl == NULL) {
                                error = 1;
                                goto fiboptlist_csv_ret;
                        }
                        fl->fl_num = fib;
                        TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(flh, fl, fl_next);
                }
        }
fiboptlist_csv_ret:
        if (str0 != NULL)
                free(str0);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Purge all entries in the routing tables not
 * associated with network interfaces.
 */
static void
flushroutes(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        struct fibl *fl;
        int error;

        if (uid != 0 && !debugonly && !tflag)
                errx(EX_NOPERM, "must be root to alter routing table");
#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
        shutdown(s, SHUT_RD); /* Don't want to read back our messages */
#endif

        TAILQ_INIT(&fibl_head);
        while (argc > 1) {
                argc--;
                argv++;
                if (**argv != '-')
                        usage(*argv);
                switch (keyword(*argv + 1)) {
#ifdef INET
                case K_4:
                case K_INET:
                        af = AF_INET;
                        break;
#endif
#ifdef INET6
                case K_6:
                case K_INET6:
                        af = AF_INET6;
                        break;
#endif
                case K_LINK:
                        af = AF_LINK;
                        break;
                case K_FIB:
                        if (!--argc)
                                usage(*argv);
                        error = fiboptlist_csv(*++argv, &fibl_head);
                        if (error)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid fib number: %s", *argv);
                        break;
                default:
                        usage(*argv);
                }
        }
        if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&fibl_head)) {
                error = fiboptlist_csv("default", &fibl_head);
                if (error)
                        errx(EX_OSERR, "fiboptlist_csv failed.");
        }
        TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next)
                flushroutes_fib(fl->fl_num);
}

static int
flushroutes_fib(int fib)
{
#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
        return (flushroutes_fib_rtsock(fib));
#else
        return (flushroutes_fib_nl(fib, af));
#endif
}

#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
static int
flushroutes_fib_rtsock(int fib)
{
        struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
        size_t needed;
        char *buf, *next, *lim;
        int mib[7], rlen, seqno, count = 0;
        int error;

        error = set_sofib(fib);
        if (error) {
                warn("fib number %d is ignored", fib);
                return (error);
        }

retry:
        mib[0] = CTL_NET;
        mib[1] = PF_ROUTE;
        mib[2] = 0;             /* protocol */
        mib[3] = AF_UNSPEC;
        mib[4] = NET_RT_DUMP;
        mib[5] = 0;             /* no flags */
        mib[6] = fib;
        if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), NULL, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "route-sysctl-estimate");
        if ((buf = malloc(needed)) == NULL)
                errx(EX_OSERR, "malloc failed");
        if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), buf, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) {
                if (errno == ENOMEM && count++ < 10) {
                        warnx("Routing table grew, retrying");
                        sleep(1);
                        free(buf);
                        goto retry;
                }
                err(EX_OSERR, "route-sysctl-get");
        }
        lim = buf + needed;
        if (verbose)
                (void)printf("Examining routing table from sysctl\n");
        seqno = 0;              /* ??? */
        for (next = buf; next < lim; next += rtm->rtm_msglen) {
                rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)next;
                if (verbose)
                        print_rtmsg(rtm, rtm->rtm_msglen);
                if ((rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_GATEWAY) == 0)
                        continue;
                if (af != 0) {
                        struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)(rtm + 1);

                        if (sa->sa_family != af)
                                continue;
                }
                if (debugonly)
                        continue;
                rtm->rtm_type = RTM_DELETE;
                rtm->rtm_seq = seqno;
                rlen = write(s, next, rtm->rtm_msglen);
                if (rlen < 0 && errno == EPERM)
                        err(1, "write to routing socket");
                if (rlen < (int)rtm->rtm_msglen) {
                        warn("write to routing socket");
                        (void)printf("got only %d for rlen\n", rlen);
                        free(buf);
                        goto retry;
                        break;
                }
                seqno++;
                if (qflag)
                        continue;
                if (verbose)
                        print_rtmsg(rtm, rlen);
                else {
                        struct sockaddr *sa = (struct sockaddr *)(rtm + 1);

                        printf("%-20.20s ", rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_HOST ?
                            routename(sa) : netname(sa));
                        sa = (struct sockaddr *)(SA_SIZE(sa) + (char *)sa);
                        printf("%-20.20s ", routename(sa));
                        if (fib >= 0)
                                printf("-fib %-3d ", fib);
                        printf("done\n");
                }
        }
        free(buf);
        return (error);
}
#endif

const char *
routename(struct sockaddr *sa)
{
        struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
        const char *cp;
        int n;

        if (domain == NULL) {
                if (gethostname(domain_storage,
                    sizeof(domain_storage) - 1) == 0 &&
                    (cp = strchr(domain_storage, '.')) != NULL) {
                        domain_storage[sizeof(domain_storage) - 1] = '\0';
                        domain = cp + 1;
                } else {
                        domain_storage[0] = '\0';
                        domain = domain_storage;
                }
        }

        /* If the address is zero-filled, use "default". */
        if (sa->sa_len == 0 && nflag == 0)
                return ("default");
#if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
        switch (sa->sa_family) {
#ifdef INET
        case AF_INET:
                /* If the address is zero-filled, use "default". */
                if (nflag == 0 &&
                    ((struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa)->sin_addr.s_addr ==
                    INADDR_ANY)
                        return("default");
                break;
#endif
#ifdef INET6
        case AF_INET6:
                /* If the address is zero-filled, use "default". */
                if (nflag == 0 &&
                    IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)sa)->sin6_addr))
                        return("default");
                break;
#endif
        }
#endif

        switch (sa->sa_family) {
#if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
#ifdef INET
        case AF_INET:
#endif
#ifdef INET6
        case AF_INET6:
#endif
        {
                struct sockaddr_storage ss;
                int error;
                char *p;

                memset(&ss, 0, sizeof(ss));
                if (sa->sa_len == 0)
                        ss.ss_family = sa->sa_family;
                else
                        memcpy(&ss, sa, sa->sa_len);
                /* Expand sa->sa_len because it could be shortened. */
                if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
                        ss.ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
                else if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET6)
                        ss.ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
                error = getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&ss, ss.ss_len,
                    rt_line, sizeof(rt_line), NULL, 0,
                    (nflag == 0) ? 0 : NI_NUMERICHOST);
                if (error) {
                        warnx("getnameinfo(): %s", gai_strerror(error));
                        strncpy(rt_line, "invalid", sizeof(rt_line));
                }

                /* Remove the domain part if any. */
                p = strchr(rt_line, '.');
                if (p != NULL && strcmp(p + 1, domain) == 0)
                        *p = '\0';

                return (rt_line);
                break;
        }
#endif
        case AF_LINK:
                sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa;

                if (sdl->sdl_nlen == 0 &&
                    sdl->sdl_alen == 0 &&
                    sdl->sdl_slen == 0) {
                        n = snprintf(rt_line, sizeof(rt_line), "link#%d",
                            sdl->sdl_index);
                        if (n > (int)sizeof(rt_line))
                            rt_line[0] = '\0';
                        return (rt_line);
                } else
                        return (link_ntoa(sdl));
                break;

        default:
            {
                u_short *sp = (u_short *)(void *)sa;
                u_short *splim = sp + ((sa->sa_len + 1) >> 1);
                char *cps = rt_line + sprintf(rt_line, "(%d)", sa->sa_family);
                char *cpe = rt_line + sizeof(rt_line);

                while (++sp < splim && cps < cpe) /* start with sa->sa_data */
                        if ((n = snprintf(cps, cpe - cps, " %x", *sp)) > 0)
                                cps += n;
                        else
                                *cps = '\0';
                break;
            }
        }
        return (rt_line);
}

/*
 * Return the name of the network whose address is given.
 * The address is assumed to be that of a net, not a host.
 */
const char *
netname(struct sockaddr *sa)
{
        struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
        int n;
#ifdef INET
        struct netent *np = NULL;
        const char *cp = NULL;
        u_long i;
#endif

        switch (sa->sa_family) {
#ifdef INET
        case AF_INET:
        {
                struct in_addr in;

                in = ((struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa)->sin_addr;
                i = in.s_addr = ntohl(in.s_addr);
                if (in.s_addr == 0)
                        cp = "default";
                else if (!nflag) {
                        np = getnetbyaddr(i, AF_INET);
                        if (np != NULL)
                                cp = np->n_name;
                }
#define C(x)    (unsigned)((x) & 0xff)
                if (cp != NULL)
                        strncpy(net_line, cp, sizeof(net_line));
                else if ((in.s_addr & 0xffffff) == 0)
                        (void)sprintf(net_line, "%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24));
                else if ((in.s_addr & 0xffff) == 0)
                        (void)sprintf(net_line, "%u.%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
                            C(in.s_addr >> 16));
                else if ((in.s_addr & 0xff) == 0)
                        (void)sprintf(net_line, "%u.%u.%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
                            C(in.s_addr >> 16), C(in.s_addr >> 8));
                else
                        (void)sprintf(net_line, "%u.%u.%u.%u", C(in.s_addr >> 24),
                            C(in.s_addr >> 16), C(in.s_addr >> 8),
                            C(in.s_addr));
#undef C
                break;
        }
#endif
#ifdef INET6
        case AF_INET6:
        {
                struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
                int niflags = 0;

                memset(&sin6, 0, sizeof(sin6));
                memcpy(&sin6, sa, sa->sa_len);
                sin6.sin6_len = sizeof(sin6);
                sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
                if (nflag)
                        niflags |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
                if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&sin6, sin6.sin6_len,
                    net_line, sizeof(net_line), NULL, 0, niflags) != 0)
                        strncpy(net_line, "invalid", sizeof(net_line));

                return(net_line);
        }
#endif
        case AF_LINK:
                sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa;

                if (sdl->sdl_nlen == 0 &&
                    sdl->sdl_alen == 0 &&
                    sdl->sdl_slen == 0) {
                        n = snprintf(net_line, sizeof(net_line), "link#%d",
                            sdl->sdl_index);
                        if (n > (int)sizeof(net_line))
                            net_line[0] = '\0';
                        return (net_line);
                } else
                        return (link_ntoa(sdl));
                break;

        default:
            {
                u_short *sp = (u_short *)(void *)sa->sa_data;
                u_short *splim = sp + ((sa->sa_len + 1)>>1);
                char *cps = net_line + sprintf(net_line, "af %d:", sa->sa_family);
                char *cpe = net_line + sizeof(net_line);

                while (sp < splim && cps < cpe)
                        if ((n = snprintf(cps, cpe - cps, " %x", *sp++)) > 0)
                                cps += n;
                        else
                                *cps = '\0';
                break;
            }
        }
        return (net_line);
}

static void
set_metric(char *value, int key)
{
        int flag = 0;
        char *endptr;
        u_long noval, *valp = &noval;

        switch (key) {
#define caseof(x, y, z) case x: valp = &rt_metrics.z; flag = y; break
        caseof(K_MTU, RTV_MTU, rmx_mtu);
        caseof(K_HOPCOUNT, RTV_HOPCOUNT, rmx_hopcount);
        caseof(K_EXPIRE, RTV_EXPIRE, rmx_expire);
        caseof(K_RECVPIPE, RTV_RPIPE, rmx_recvpipe);
        caseof(K_SENDPIPE, RTV_SPIPE, rmx_sendpipe);
        caseof(K_SSTHRESH, RTV_SSTHRESH, rmx_ssthresh);
        caseof(K_RTT, RTV_RTT, rmx_rtt);
        caseof(K_RTTVAR, RTV_RTTVAR, rmx_rttvar);
        caseof(K_WEIGHT, RTV_WEIGHT, rmx_weight);
        }
        rtm_inits |= flag;
        if (lockrest || locking)
                rt_metrics.rmx_locks |= flag;
        if (locking)
                locking = 0;
        errno = 0;
        *valp = strtol(value, &endptr, 0);
        if (errno == 0 && *endptr != '\0')
                errno = EINVAL;
        if (errno)
                err(EX_USAGE, "%s", value);
        if (flag & RTV_EXPIRE && (value[0] == '+' || value[0] == '-')) {
                struct timespec ts;

                clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_FAST, &ts);
                *valp += ts.tv_sec;
        }
}

#define F_ISHOST        0x01
#define F_FORCENET      0x02
#define F_FORCEHOST     0x04
#define F_PROXY         0x08
#define F_INTERFACE     0x10

static void
newroute(int argc, char **argv)
{
        struct sigaction sa;
        struct fibl *fl;
        char *cmd;
        const char *dest, *gateway, *errmsg;
        int key, error, flags, nrflags, fibnum;

        if (uid != 0 && !debugonly && !tflag)
                errx(EX_NOPERM, "must be root to alter routing table");
        dest = NULL;
        gateway = NULL;
        flags = RTF_STATIC;
        nrflags = 0;
        TAILQ_INIT(&fibl_head);

        sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
        sa.sa_flags = 0;
        sa.sa_handler = stopit;
        if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, 0) == -1)
                warn("sigaction SIGALRM");

        cmd = argv[0];
#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
        if (*cmd != 'g' && *cmd != 's')
                shutdown(s, SHUT_RD); /* Don't want to read back our messages */
#endif
        while (--argc > 0) {
                if (**(++argv)== '-') {
                        switch (key = keyword(1 + *argv)) {
                        case K_LINK:
                                af = AF_LINK;
                                aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl);
                                break;
#ifdef INET
                        case K_4:
                        case K_INET:
                                af = AF_INET;
                                aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
                                break;
#endif
#ifdef INET6
                        case K_6:
                        case K_INET6:
                                af = AF_INET6;
                                aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
                                break;
#endif
                        case K_SA:
                                af = PF_ROUTE;
                                aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage);
                                break;
                        case K_IFACE:
                        case K_INTERFACE:
                                nrflags |= F_INTERFACE;
                                break;
                        case K_NOSTATIC:
                                flags &= ~RTF_STATIC;
                                break;
                        case K_LOCK:
                                locking = 1;
                                break;
                        case K_LOCKREST:
                                lockrest = 1;
                                break;
                        case K_HOST:
                                nrflags |= F_FORCEHOST;
                                break;
                        case K_REJECT:
                                flags |= RTF_REJECT;
                                break;
                        case K_BLACKHOLE:
                                flags |= RTF_BLACKHOLE;
                                break;
                        case K_PROTO1:
                                flags |= RTF_PROTO1;
                                break;
                        case K_PROTO2:
                                flags |= RTF_PROTO2;
                                break;
                        case K_PROXY:
                                nrflags |= F_PROXY;
                                break;
                        case K_XRESOLVE:
                                flags |= RTF_XRESOLVE;
                                break;
                        case K_STATIC:
                                flags |= RTF_STATIC;
                                break;
                        case K_STICKY:
                                flags |= RTF_STICKY;
                                break;
                        case K_NOSTICK:
                                flags &= ~RTF_STICKY;
                                break;
                        case K_FIB:
                                if (!--argc)
                                        usage(NULL);
                                error = fiboptlist_csv(*++argv, &fibl_head);
                                if (error)
                                        errx(EX_USAGE,
                                            "invalid fib number: %s", *argv);
                                break;
                        case K_IFA:
                                if (!--argc)
                                        usage(NULL);
                                getaddr(RTAX_IFA, *++argv, nrflags);
                                break;
                        case K_IFP:
                                if (!--argc)
                                        usage(NULL);
                                getaddr(RTAX_IFP, *++argv, nrflags);
                                break;
                        case K_GENMASK:
                                if (!--argc)
                                        usage(NULL);
                                getaddr(RTAX_GENMASK, *++argv, nrflags);
                                break;
                        case K_GATEWAY:
                                if (!--argc)
                                        usage(NULL);
                                getaddr(RTAX_GATEWAY, *++argv, nrflags);
                                gateway = *argv;
                                break;
                        case K_DST:
                                if (!--argc)
                                        usage(NULL);
                                if (getaddr(RTAX_DST, *++argv, nrflags))
                                        nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
                                dest = *argv;
                                break;
                        case K_NETMASK:
                                if (!--argc)
                                        usage(NULL);
                                getaddr(RTAX_NETMASK, *++argv, nrflags);
                                /* FALLTHROUGH */
                        case K_NET:
                                nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
                                break;
                        case K_PREFIXLEN:
                                if (!--argc)
                                        usage(NULL);
                                if (prefixlen(*++argv) == -1) {
                                        nrflags &= ~F_FORCENET;
                                        nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
                                } else {
                                        nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
                                        nrflags &= ~F_ISHOST;
                                }
                                break;
                        case K_MTU:
                        case K_HOPCOUNT:
                        case K_EXPIRE:
                        case K_RECVPIPE:
                        case K_SENDPIPE:
                        case K_SSTHRESH:
                        case K_RTT:
                        case K_RTTVAR:
                        case K_WEIGHT:
                                if (!--argc)
                                        usage(NULL);
                                set_metric(*++argv, key);
                                break;
                        default:
                                usage(1+*argv);
                        }
                } else {
                        if ((rtm_addrs & RTA_DST) == 0) {
                                dest = *argv;
                                if (getaddr(RTAX_DST, *argv, nrflags))
                                        nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
                        } else if ((rtm_addrs & RTA_GATEWAY) == 0) {
                                gateway = *argv;
                                getaddr(RTAX_GATEWAY, *argv, nrflags);
                        } else {
                                getaddr(RTAX_NETMASK, *argv, nrflags);
                                nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
                        }
                }
        }

        /* Do some sanity checks on resulting request */
        if (so[RTAX_DST].ss_len == 0) {
                warnx("destination parameter required");
                usage(NULL);
        }

        if (so[RTAX_NETMASK].ss_len != 0 &&
            so[RTAX_DST].ss_family != so[RTAX_NETMASK].ss_family) {
                warnx("destination and netmask family need to be the same");
                usage(NULL);
        }

        if (nrflags & F_FORCEHOST) {
                nrflags |= F_ISHOST;
#ifdef INET6
                if (af == AF_INET6) {
                        rtm_addrs &= ~RTA_NETMASK;
                        memset(&so[RTAX_NETMASK], 0, sizeof(so[RTAX_NETMASK]));
                }
#endif
        }
        if (nrflags & F_FORCENET)
                nrflags &= ~F_ISHOST;
        flags |= RTF_UP;
        if (nrflags & F_ISHOST)
                flags |= RTF_HOST;
        if ((nrflags & F_INTERFACE) == 0)
                flags |= RTF_GATEWAY;
        if (nrflags & F_PROXY)
                flags |= RTF_ANNOUNCE;
        if (dest == NULL)
                dest = "";
        if (gateway == NULL)
                gateway = "";

        if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&fibl_head)) {
                error = fiboptlist_csv("default", &fibl_head);
                if (error)
                        errx(EX_OSERR, "fiboptlist_csv failed.");
        }
        error = 0;
        TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
                fl->fl_error = newroute_fib(fl->fl_num, cmd, flags);
                if (fl->fl_error)
                        fl->fl_errno = errno;
                error += fl->fl_error;
        }
        if (*cmd == 'g' || *cmd == 's')
                exit(error);

        error = 0;
        if (!qflag) {
                fibnum = 0;
                TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
                        if (fl->fl_error == 0)
                                fibnum++;
                }
                if (fibnum > 0) {
                        int firstfib = 1;

                        printf("%s %s %s", cmd,
                            (nrflags & F_ISHOST) ? "host" : "net", dest);
                        if (*gateway)
                                printf(": gateway %s", gateway);

                        if (numfibs > 1) {
                                TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
                                        if (fl->fl_error == 0
                                            && fl->fl_num >= 0) {
                                                if (firstfib) {
                                                        printf(" fib ");
                                                        firstfib = 0;
                                                }
                                                printf("%d", fl->fl_num);
                                                if (fibnum-- > 1)
                                                        printf(",");
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        printf("\n");
                }
        }

        fibnum = 0;
        TAILQ_FOREACH(fl, &fibl_head, fl_next) {
                if (fl->fl_error != 0) {
                        error = 1;
                        if (!qflag) {
                                printf("%s %s %s", cmd, (nrflags & F_ISHOST)
                                    ? "host" : "net", dest);
                                if (*gateway)
                                        printf(": gateway %s", gateway);

                                if (fl->fl_num >= 0)
                                        printf(" fib %d", fl->fl_num);

                                switch (fl->fl_errno) {
                                case ESRCH:
                                        errmsg = "not in table";
                                        break;
                                case EBUSY:
                                        errmsg = "entry in use";
                                        break;
                                case ENOBUFS:
                                        errmsg = "not enough memory";
                                        break;
                                case EADDRINUSE:
                                        /*
                                         * handle recursion avoidance
                                         * in rt_setgate()
                                         */
                                        errmsg = "gateway uses the same route";
                                        break;
                                case EEXIST:
                                        errmsg = "route already in table";
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        errmsg = strerror(fl->fl_errno);
                                        break;
                                }
                                printf(": %s\n", errmsg);
                        }
                }
        }
        exit(error);
}

static int
newroute_fib(int fib, char *cmd, int flags)
{
        int error;

        error = set_sofib(fib);
        if (error) {
                warn("fib number %d is ignored", fib);
                return (error);
        }

        error = rtmsg(*cmd, flags, fib);
        return (error);
}

#ifdef INET
static void
inet_makemask(struct sockaddr_in *sin_mask, u_long bits)
{
        u_long mask = 0;

        rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;

        if (bits != 0)
                mask = 0xffffffff << (32 - bits);

        sin_mask->sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(mask);
        sin_mask->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
        sin_mask->sin_family = AF_INET;
}
#endif

#ifdef INET6
/*
 * XXX the function may need more improvement...
 */
static int
inet6_makenetandmask(struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6, const char *plen)
{

        if (plen == NULL) {
                if (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&sin6->sin6_addr) &&
                    sin6->sin6_scope_id == 0)
                        plen = "0";
        }

        if (plen == NULL || strcmp(plen, "128") == 0)
                return (1);
        rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
        prefixlen(plen);
        return (0);
}
#endif

/*
 * Interpret an argument as a network address of some kind,
 * returning 1 if a host address, 0 if a network address.
 */
static int
getaddr(int idx, char *str, int nrflags)
{
        struct sockaddr *sa;
#if defined(INET)
        struct sockaddr_in *sin;
        struct hostent *hp;
        char *q;
#elif defined(INET6)
        char *q;
#endif

        if (idx < 0 || idx >= RTAX_MAX)
                usage("internal error");
        if (af == 0) {
#if defined(INET)
                af = AF_INET;
                aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
#elif defined(INET6)
                af = AF_INET6;
                aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
#else
                af = AF_LINK;
                aflen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl);
#endif
        }
        rtm_addrs |= (1 << idx);
        sa = (struct sockaddr *)&so[idx];
        sa->sa_family = af;
        sa->sa_len = aflen;

        switch (idx) {
        case RTAX_GATEWAY:
                if (nrflags & F_INTERFACE) {
                        struct ifaddrs *ifap, *ifa;
                        struct sockaddr_dl *sdl0 = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa;
                        struct sockaddr_dl *sdl = NULL;

                        if (getifaddrs(&ifap))
                                err(EX_OSERR, "getifaddrs");

                        for (ifa = ifap; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
                                if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family != AF_LINK)
                                        continue;

                                if (strcmp(str, ifa->ifa_name) != 0)
                                        continue;

                                sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)ifa->ifa_addr;
                        }
                        /* If we found it, then use it */
                        if (sdl != NULL) {
                                /*
                                 * Note that we need to copy before calling
                                 * freeifaddrs().
                                 */
                                memcpy(sdl0, sdl, sdl->sdl_len);
                        }
                        freeifaddrs(ifap);
                        if (sdl != NULL)
                                return(1);
                        else
                                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                    "interface '%s' does not exist", str);
                }
                break;
        case RTAX_IFP:
                sa->sa_family = AF_LINK;
                break;
        }
        if (strcmp(str, "default") == 0) {
                /*
                 * Default is net 0.0.0.0/0
                 */
                switch (idx) {
                case RTAX_DST:
                        nrflags |= F_FORCENET;
                        getaddr(RTAX_NETMASK, str, nrflags);
                        break;
                }
                return (0);
        }
        switch (sa->sa_family) {
#ifdef INET6
        case AF_INET6:
        {
                struct addrinfo hints, *res;
                int ecode;

                q = NULL;
                if (idx == RTAX_DST && (q = strchr(str, '/')) != NULL)
                        *q = '\0';
                memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
                hints.ai_family = sa->sa_family;
                hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;
                ecode = getaddrinfo(str, NULL, &hints, &res);
                if (ecode != 0 || res->ai_family != AF_INET6 ||
                    res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))
                        errx(EX_OSERR, "%s: %s", str, gai_strerror(ecode));
                memcpy(sa, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
                freeaddrinfo(res);
                if (q != NULL)
                        *q++ = '/';
                if (idx == RTAX_DST)
                        return (inet6_makenetandmask((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)sa, q));
                return (0);
        }
#endif /* INET6 */
        case AF_LINK:
                link_addr(str, (struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa);
                return (1);

        case PF_ROUTE:
                sockaddr(str, sa, sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage));
                return (1);
#ifdef INET
        case AF_INET:
#endif
        default:
                break;
        }

#ifdef INET
        sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa;

        q = strchr(str,'/');
        if (q != NULL && idx == RTAX_DST) {
                /* A.B.C.D/NUM */
                struct sockaddr_in *mask;
                uint32_t mask_bits;

                *q = '\0';
                if (inet_aton(str, &sin->sin_addr) == 0)
                        errx(EX_NOHOST, "bad address: %s", str);

                int masklen = strtol(q + 1, NULL, 10);
                if (masklen < 0 || masklen > 32)
                        errx(EX_NOHOST, "bad mask length: %s", q + 1);

                inet_makemask((struct sockaddr_in *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK],masklen);

                /*
                 * Check for bogus destination such as "10/8"; heuristic is
                 * that there are bits set in the host part, and no dot
                 * is present.
                 */
                mask = ((struct sockaddr_in *) &so[RTAX_NETMASK]);
                mask_bits = ntohl(mask->sin_addr.s_addr);
                if ((ntohl(sin->sin_addr.s_addr) & ~mask_bits) != 0 &&
                    strchr(str, '.') == NULL)
                        errx(EX_NOHOST,
                            "malformed address, bits set after mask;"
                            " %s means %s",
                            str, inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
                return (0);
        }
        if (inet_aton(str, &sin->sin_addr) != 0)
                return (1);

        hp = gethostbyname(str);
        if (hp != NULL) {
                sin->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
                memmove((char *)&sin->sin_addr, hp->h_addr,
                    MIN((size_t)hp->h_length, sizeof(sin->sin_addr)));
                return (1);
        }
#endif
        errx(EX_NOHOST, "bad address: %s", str);
}

static int
prefixlen(const char *str)
{
        int len = atoi(str), q, r;
        int max;
        char *p;

        rtm_addrs |= RTA_NETMASK;
        switch (af) {
#ifdef INET6
        case AF_INET6:
        {
                struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 =
                    (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK];

                max = 128;
                p = (char *)&sin6->sin6_addr;
                sin6->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
                sin6->sin6_len = sizeof(*sin6);
                break;
        }
#endif
#ifdef INET
        case AF_INET:
        {
                struct sockaddr_in *sin =
                    (struct sockaddr_in *)&so[RTAX_NETMASK];

                max = 32;
                p = (char *)&sin->sin_addr;
                sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
                sin->sin_len = sizeof(*sin);
                break;
        }
#endif
        default:
                errx(EX_OSERR, "prefixlen not supported in this af");
        }

        if (len < 0 || max < len)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "%s: invalid prefixlen", str);

        q = len >> 3;
        r = len & 7;
        memset((void *)p, 0, max / 8);
        if (q > 0)
                memset((void *)p, 0xff, q);
        if (r > 0)
                *((u_char *)p + q) = (0xff00 >> r) & 0xff;
        if (len == max)
                return (-1);
        else
                return (len);
}

static void
interfaces(void)
{
        size_t needed;
        int mib[6];
        char *buf, *lim, *next, count = 0;
        struct rt_msghdr *rtm;

retry2:
        mib[0] = CTL_NET;
        mib[1] = PF_ROUTE;
        mib[2] = 0;             /* protocol */
        mib[3] = AF_UNSPEC;
        mib[4] = NET_RT_IFLIST;
        mib[5] = 0;             /* no flags */
        if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), NULL, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "route-sysctl-estimate");
        if ((buf = malloc(needed)) == NULL)
                errx(EX_OSERR, "malloc failed");
        if (sysctl(mib, nitems(mib), buf, &needed, NULL, 0) < 0) {
                if (errno == ENOMEM && count++ < 10) {
                        warnx("Routing table grew, retrying");
                        sleep(1);
                        free(buf);
                        goto retry2;
                }
                err(EX_OSERR, "actual retrieval of interface table");
        }
        lim = buf + needed;
        for (next = buf; next < lim; next += rtm->rtm_msglen) {
                rtm = (struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)next;
                print_rtmsg(rtm, rtm->rtm_msglen);
        }
        free(buf);
}

static void
monitor(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int fib, error;
        char *endptr;

        fib = defaultfib;
        while (argc > 1) {
                argc--;
                argv++;
                if (**argv != '-')
                        usage(*argv);
                switch (keyword(*argv + 1)) {
                case K_FIB:
                        if (!--argc)
                                usage(*argv);
                        errno = 0;
                        fib = strtol(*++argv, &endptr, 0);
                        if (errno == 0) {
                                if (*endptr != '\0' ||
                                    fib < 0 ||
                                    (numfibs != -1 && fib > numfibs - 1))
                                        errno = EINVAL;
                        }
                        if (errno)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid fib number: %s", *argv);
                        break;
                default:
                        usage(*argv);
                }
        }
        error = set_sofib(fib);
        if (error)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid fib number: %d", fib);

        verbose = 1;
        if (debugonly) {
                interfaces();
                exit(0);
        }
#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
        monitor_rtsock();
#else
        monitor_nl(fib);
#endif
}

#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
static void
monitor_rtsock(void)
{
        char msg[2048];
        int n;

#ifdef SO_RERROR
        n = 1;
        if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RERROR, &n, sizeof(n)) == -1)
                warn("SO_RERROR");
#endif

        for (;;) {
                time_t now;
                n = read(s, msg, sizeof(msg));
                if (n == -1) {
                        warn("read");
                        continue;
                }
                now = time(NULL);
                (void)printf("\ngot message of size %d on %s", n, ctime(&now));
                print_rtmsg((struct rt_msghdr *)(void *)msg, n);
        }
}
#endif

static int
rtmsg(int cmd, int flags, int fib)
{
        errno = 0;
        if (cmd == 'a')
                cmd = RTM_ADD;
        else if (cmd == 'c')
                cmd = RTM_CHANGE;
        else if (cmd == 'g' || cmd == 's') {
                cmd = RTM_GET;
                if (so[RTAX_IFP].ss_family == 0) {
                        so[RTAX_IFP].ss_family = AF_LINK;
                        so[RTAX_IFP].ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl);
                        rtm_addrs |= RTA_IFP;
                }
        } else {
                cmd = RTM_DELETE;
                flags |= RTF_PINNED;
        }
#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
        return (rtmsg_rtsock(cmd, flags, fib));
#else
        errno = rtmsg_nl(cmd, flags, fib, rtm_addrs, so, &rt_metrics);
        return (errno == 0 ? 0 : -1);
#endif
}

#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
static int
rtmsg_rtsock(int cmd, int flags, int fib)
{
        int rlen;
        char *cp = m_rtmsg.m_space;
        int l;

        memset(&m_rtmsg, 0, sizeof(m_rtmsg));

#define NEXTADDR(w, u)                                                  \
        if (rtm_addrs & (w)) {                                          \
                l = SA_SIZE(&(u));                                      \
                memmove(cp, (char *)&(u), l);                           \
                cp += l;                                                \
                if (verbose)                                            \
                        sodump((struct sockaddr *)&(u), #w);            \
        }

#define rtm m_rtmsg.m_rtm
        rtm.rtm_type = cmd;
        rtm.rtm_flags = flags;
        rtm.rtm_version = RTM_VERSION;
        rtm.rtm_seq = ++rtm_seq;
        rtm.rtm_addrs = rtm_addrs;
        rtm.rtm_rmx = rt_metrics;
        rtm.rtm_inits = rtm_inits;

        NEXTADDR(RTA_DST, so[RTAX_DST]);
        NEXTADDR(RTA_GATEWAY, so[RTAX_GATEWAY]);
        NEXTADDR(RTA_NETMASK, so[RTAX_NETMASK]);
        NEXTADDR(RTA_GENMASK, so[RTAX_GENMASK]);
        NEXTADDR(RTA_IFP, so[RTAX_IFP]);
        NEXTADDR(RTA_IFA, so[RTAX_IFA]);
        rtm.rtm_msglen = l = cp - (char *)&m_rtmsg;
        if (verbose)
                print_rtmsg(&rtm, l);
        if (debugonly)
                return (0);
        if ((rlen = write(s, (char *)&m_rtmsg, l)) < 0) {
                switch (errno) {
                case EPERM:
                        err(1, "writing to routing socket");
                        break;
                case ESRCH:
                        warnx("route has not been found");
                        break;
                case EEXIST:
                        /* Handled by newroute() */
                        break;
                default:
                        warn("writing to routing socket");
                }
                return (-1);
        }
        if (cmd == RTM_GET) {
                stop_read = 0;
                alarm(READ_TIMEOUT);
                do {
                        l = read(s, (char *)&m_rtmsg, sizeof(m_rtmsg));
                } while (l > 0 && stop_read == 0 &&
                    (rtm.rtm_type != RTM_GET || rtm.rtm_seq != rtm_seq ||
                        rtm.rtm_pid != pid));
                if (stop_read != 0) {
                        warnx("read from routing socket timed out");
                        return (-1);
                } else
                        alarm(0);
                if (l < 0)
                        warn("read from routing socket");
                else
                        print_getmsg(&rtm, l, fib);
        }
#undef rtm
        return (0);
}
#endif

static const char *const msgtypes[] = {
        "",
        "RTM_ADD: Add Route",
        "RTM_DELETE: Delete Route",
        "RTM_CHANGE: Change Metrics or flags",
        "RTM_GET: Report Metrics",
        "RTM_LOSING: Kernel Suspects Partitioning",
        "RTM_REDIRECT: Told to use different route",
        "RTM_MISS: Lookup failed on this address",
        "RTM_LOCK: fix specified metrics",
        "RTM_OLDADD: caused by SIOCADDRT",
        "RTM_OLDDEL: caused by SIOCDELRT",
        "RTM_RESOLVE: Route created by cloning",
        "RTM_NEWADDR: address being added to iface",
        "RTM_DELADDR: address being removed from iface",
        "RTM_IFINFO: iface status change",
        "RTM_NEWMADDR: new multicast group membership on iface",
        "RTM_DELMADDR: multicast group membership removed from iface",
        "RTM_IFANNOUNCE: interface arrival/departure",
        "RTM_IEEE80211: IEEE 802.11 wireless event",
        "RTM_IPFWLOG: IPFW log",
};

static const char metricnames[] =
    "\011weight\010rttvar\7rtt\6ssthresh\5sendpipe\4recvpipe\3expire"
    "\1mtu";
const char routeflags[] =
    "\1UP\2GATEWAY\3HOST\4REJECT\5DYNAMIC\6MODIFIED\7DONE"
    "\012XRESOLVE\013LLINFO\014STATIC\015BLACKHOLE"
    "\017PROTO2\020PROTO1\021PRCLONING\022WASCLONED\023PROTO3"
    "\024FIXEDMTU\025PINNED\026LOCAL\027BROADCAST\030MULTICAST\035STICKY";
static const char ifnetflags[] =
    "\1UP\2BROADCAST\3DEBUG\4LOOPBACK\5PTP\6b6\7RUNNING\010NOARP"
    "\011PPROMISC\012ALLMULTI\013OACTIVE\014SIMPLEX\015LINK0\016LINK1"
    "\017LINK2\020MULTICAST";
static const char addrnames[] =
    "\1DST\2GATEWAY\3NETMASK\4GENMASK\5IFP\6IFA\7AUTHOR\010BRD";

static const char errfmt[] =
    "\n%s: truncated route message, only %zu bytes left\n";

static void
print_rtmsg(struct rt_msghdr *rtm, size_t msglen)
{
        struct if_msghdr *ifm;
        struct ifa_msghdr *ifam;
#ifdef RTM_NEWMADDR
        struct ifma_msghdr *ifmam;
#endif
        struct if_announcemsghdr *ifan;
        const char *state;

        if (verbose == 0)
                return;
        if (rtm->rtm_version != RTM_VERSION) {
                (void)printf("routing message version %d not understood\n",
                    rtm->rtm_version);
                return;
        }
        if (rtm->rtm_type < nitems(msgtypes))
                (void)printf("%s: ", msgtypes[rtm->rtm_type]);
        else
                (void)printf("unknown type %d: ", rtm->rtm_type);
        (void)printf("len %d, ", rtm->rtm_msglen);

#define REQUIRE(x)      do {            \
        if (msglen < sizeof(x))         \
                goto badlen;            \
        else                            \
                msglen -= sizeof(x);    \
        } while (0)

        switch (rtm->rtm_type) {
        case RTM_IFINFO:
                REQUIRE(struct if_msghdr);
                ifm = (struct if_msghdr *)rtm;
                (void)printf("if# %d, ", ifm->ifm_index);
                switch (ifm->ifm_data.ifi_link_state) {
                case LINK_STATE_DOWN:
                        state = "down";
                        break;
                case LINK_STATE_UP:
                        state = "up";
                        break;
                default:
                        state = "unknown";
                        break;
                }
                (void)printf("link: %s, flags:", state);
                printb(ifm->ifm_flags, ifnetflags);
                pmsg_addrs((char *)(ifm + 1), ifm->ifm_addrs, msglen);
                break;
        case RTM_NEWADDR:
        case RTM_DELADDR:
                REQUIRE(struct ifa_msghdr);
                ifam = (struct ifa_msghdr *)rtm;
                (void)printf("metric %d, flags:", ifam->ifam_metric);
                printb(ifam->ifam_flags, routeflags);
                pmsg_addrs((char *)(ifam + 1), ifam->ifam_addrs, msglen);
                break;
#ifdef RTM_NEWMADDR
        case RTM_NEWMADDR:
        case RTM_DELMADDR:
                REQUIRE(struct ifma_msghdr);
                ifmam = (struct ifma_msghdr *)rtm;
                pmsg_addrs((char *)(ifmam + 1), ifmam->ifmam_addrs, msglen);
                break;
#endif
        case RTM_IFANNOUNCE:
                REQUIRE(struct if_announcemsghdr);
                ifan = (struct if_announcemsghdr *)rtm;
                (void)printf("if# %d, what: ", ifan->ifan_index);
                switch (ifan->ifan_what) {
                case IFAN_ARRIVAL:
                        (void)printf("arrival");
                        break;
                case IFAN_DEPARTURE:
                        printf("departure");
                        break;
                default:
                        printf("#%d", ifan->ifan_what);
                        break;
                }
                printf("\n");
                fflush(stdout);
                break;

        default:
                if (rtm->rtm_type <= RTM_RESOLVE) {
                        printf("pid: %ld, seq %d, errno %d, flags:",
                            (long)rtm->rtm_pid, rtm->rtm_seq, rtm->rtm_errno);
                        printb(rtm->rtm_flags, routeflags);
                        pmsg_common(rtm, msglen);
                } else
                        printf("type: %u, len: %zu\n", rtm->rtm_type, msglen);
        }

        return;

badlen:
        (void)printf(errfmt, __func__, msglen);
#undef  REQUIRE
}

static void
print_getmsg(struct rt_msghdr *rtm, int msglen, int fib)
{
        struct sockaddr *sp[RTAX_MAX];
        struct timespec ts;
        char *cp;
        int i;

        memset(sp, 0, sizeof(sp));
        (void)printf("   route to: %s\n",
            routename((struct sockaddr *)&so[RTAX_DST]));
        if (rtm->rtm_version != RTM_VERSION) {
                warnx("routing message version %d not understood",
                     rtm->rtm_version);
                return;
        }
        if (rtm->rtm_msglen > msglen) {
                warnx("message length mismatch, in packet %d, returned %d",
                      rtm->rtm_msglen, msglen);
                return;
        }
        if (rtm->rtm_errno)  {
                errno = rtm->rtm_errno;
                warn("message indicates error %d", errno);
                return;
        }
        cp = ((char *)(rtm + 1));
        for (i = 0; i < RTAX_MAX; i++)
                if (rtm->rtm_addrs & (1 << i)) {
                        sp[i] = (struct sockaddr *)cp;
                        cp += SA_SIZE((struct sockaddr *)cp);
                }
        if ((rtm->rtm_addrs & RTA_IFP) &&
            (sp[RTAX_IFP]->sa_family != AF_LINK ||
             ((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sp[RTAX_IFP])->sdl_nlen == 0))
                        sp[RTAX_IFP] = NULL;
        if (sp[RTAX_DST])
                (void)printf("destination: %s\n", routename(sp[RTAX_DST]));
        if (sp[RTAX_NETMASK])
                (void)printf("       mask: %s\n", routename(sp[RTAX_NETMASK]));
        if (sp[RTAX_GATEWAY] && (rtm->rtm_flags & RTF_GATEWAY))
                (void)printf("    gateway: %s\n", routename(sp[RTAX_GATEWAY]));
        if (fib >= 0)
                (void)printf("        fib: %u\n", (unsigned int)fib);
        if (sp[RTAX_IFP])
                (void)printf("  interface: %.*s\n",
                    ((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sp[RTAX_IFP])->sdl_nlen,
                    ((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sp[RTAX_IFP])->sdl_data);
        (void)printf("      flags: ");
        printb(rtm->rtm_flags, routeflags);

#define lock(f) ((rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_locks & __CONCAT(RTV_,f)) ? 'L' : ' ')
#define msec(u) (((u) + 500) / 1000)            /* usec to msec */
        printf("\n%9s %9s %9s %9s %9s %10s %9s\n", "recvpipe",
            "sendpipe", "ssthresh", "rtt,msec", "mtu   ", "weight", "expire");
        printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_recvpipe, lock(RPIPE));
        printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_sendpipe, lock(SPIPE));
        printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_ssthresh, lock(SSTHRESH));
        printf("%8lu%c ", msec(rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_rtt), lock(RTT));
        printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_mtu, lock(MTU));
        printf("%8lu%c ", rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_weight, lock(WEIGHT));
        if (rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire > 0)
                clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_FAST, &ts);
        else
                ts.tv_sec = 0;
        printf("%8ld%c\n", (long)(rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_expire - ts.tv_sec),
            lock(EXPIRE));
#undef lock
#undef msec
#define RTA_IGN (RTA_DST|RTA_GATEWAY|RTA_NETMASK|RTA_IFP|RTA_IFA|RTA_BRD)
        if (verbose)
                pmsg_common(rtm, msglen);
        else if (rtm->rtm_addrs &~ RTA_IGN) {
                (void)printf("sockaddrs: ");
                printb(rtm->rtm_addrs, addrnames);
                putchar('\n');
        }
#undef  RTA_IGN
}

static void
pmsg_common(struct rt_msghdr *rtm, size_t msglen)
{

        (void)printf("\nlocks: ");
        printb(rtm->rtm_rmx.rmx_locks, metricnames);
        (void)printf(" inits: ");
        printb(rtm->rtm_inits, metricnames);
        if (msglen > sizeof(struct rt_msghdr))
                pmsg_addrs(((char *)(rtm + 1)), rtm->rtm_addrs,
                    msglen - sizeof(struct rt_msghdr));
        else
                (void)fflush(stdout);
}

static void
pmsg_addrs(char *cp, int addrs, size_t len)
{
        struct sockaddr *sa;
        int i;

        if (addrs == 0) {
                (void)putchar('\n');
                return;
        }
        (void)printf("\nsockaddrs: ");
        printb(addrs, addrnames);
        putchar('\n');
        for (i = 0; i < RTAX_MAX; i++)
                if (addrs & (1 << i)) {
                        sa = (struct sockaddr *)cp;
                        if (len == 0 || len < SA_SIZE(sa)) {
                                (void)printf(errfmt, __func__, len);
                                break;
                        }
                        (void)printf(" %s", routename(sa));
                        len -= SA_SIZE(sa);
                        cp += SA_SIZE(sa);
                }
        (void)putchar('\n');
        (void)fflush(stdout);
}

void
printb(int b, const char *str)
{
        int i;
        int gotsome = 0;

        if (b == 0)
                return;
        while ((i = *str++) != 0) {
                if (b & (1 << (i-1))) {
                        if (gotsome == 0)
                                i = '<';
                        else
                                i = ',';
                        putchar(i);
                        gotsome = 1;
                        for (; (i = *str) > 32; str++)
                                putchar(i);
                } else
                        while (*str > 32)
                                str++;
        }
        if (gotsome)
                putchar('>');
}

int
keyword(const char *cp)
{
        const struct keytab *kt = keywords;

        while (kt->kt_cp != NULL && strcmp(kt->kt_cp, cp) != 0)
                kt++;
        return (kt->kt_i);
}

static void
sodump(struct sockaddr *sa, const char *which)
{
#ifdef INET6
        char nbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
#endif

        switch (sa->sa_family) {
        case AF_LINK:
                (void)printf("%s: link %s; ", which,
                    link_ntoa((struct sockaddr_dl *)(void *)sa));
                break;
#ifdef INET
        case AF_INET:
                (void)printf("%s: inet %s; ", which,
                    inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)sa)->sin_addr));
                break;
#endif
#ifdef INET6
        case AF_INET6:
                (void)printf("%s: inet6 %s; ", which, inet_ntop(sa->sa_family,
                    &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)sa)->sin6_addr, nbuf,
                    sizeof(nbuf)));
                break;
#endif
        }
        (void)fflush(stdout);
}

/* States*/
#define VIRGIN  0
#define GOTONE  1
#define GOTTWO  2
/* Inputs */
#define DIGIT   (4*0)
#define END     (4*1)
#define DELIM   (4*2)

static void
sockaddr(char *addr, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t size)
{
        char *cp = (char *)sa;
        char *cplim = cp + size;
        int byte = 0, state = VIRGIN, new = 0 /* foil gcc */;

        memset(cp, 0, size);
        cp++;
        do {
                if ((*addr >= '0') && (*addr <= '9')) {
                        new = *addr - '0';
                } else if ((*addr >= 'a') && (*addr <= 'f')) {
                        new = *addr - 'a' + 10;
                } else if ((*addr >= 'A') && (*addr <= 'F')) {
                        new = *addr - 'A' + 10;
                } else if (*addr == '\0')
                        state |= END;
                else
                        state |= DELIM;
                addr++;
                switch (state /* | INPUT */) {
                case GOTTWO | DIGIT:
                        *cp++ = byte; /*FALLTHROUGH*/
                case VIRGIN | DIGIT:
                        state = GOTONE; byte = new; continue;
                case GOTONE | DIGIT:
                        state = GOTTWO; byte = new + (byte << 4); continue;
                default: /* | DELIM */
                        state = VIRGIN; *cp++ = byte; byte = 0; continue;
                case GOTONE | END:
                case GOTTWO | END:
                        *cp++ = byte; /* FALLTHROUGH */
                case VIRGIN | END:
                        break;
                }
                break;
        } while (cp < cplim);
        sa->sa_len = cp - (char *)sa;
}