root/sbin/ipfw/ipfw2.c
/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Luigi Rizzo
 * Copyright (c) 1996 Alex Nash, Paul Traina, Poul-Henning Kamp
 * Copyright (c) 1994 Ugen J.S.Antsilevich
 *
 * Idea and grammar partially left from:
 * Copyright (c) 1993 Daniel Boulet
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source forms, with and without modification,
 * are permitted provided that this entire comment appears intact.
 *
 * Redistribution in binary form may occur without any restrictions.
 * Obviously, it would be nice if you gave credit where credit is due
 * but requiring it would be too onerous.
 *
 * This software is provided ``AS IS'' without any warranties of any kind.
 *
 * NEW command line interface for IP firewall facility
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/sockio.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>

#include "ipfw2.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <jail.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <time.h>       /* ctime */
#include <timeconv.h>   /* _long_to_time */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stddef.h>     /* offsetof */

#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <net/if.h>             /* only IFNAMSIZ */
#include <net/if_dl.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>   /* only n_short, n_long */
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_fw.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

struct cmdline_opts g_co;       /* global options */

struct format_opts {
        int bcwidth;
        int pcwidth;
        int show_counters;
        int show_time;          /* show timestamp */
        uint32_t set_mask;      /* enabled sets mask */
        uint32_t flags;         /* request flags */
        uint32_t first;         /* first rule to request */
        uint32_t last;          /* last rule to request */
        uint32_t dcnt;          /* number of dynamic states */
        ipfw_obj_ctlv *tstate;  /* table state data */
};

int resvd_set_number = RESVD_SET;

static int ipfw_socket = -1;

#define CHECK_LENGTH(v, len) do {                               \
        if ((v) < (len))                                        \
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Rule too long");              \
        } while (0)
/*
 * Check if we have enough space in cmd buffer. Note that since
 * first 8? u32 words are reserved by reserved header, full cmd
 * buffer can't be used, so we need to protect from buffer overrun
 * only. At the beginning, cblen is less than actual buffer size by
 * size of ipfw_insn_u32 instruction + 1 u32 work. This eliminates need
 * for checking small instructions fitting in given range.
 * We also (ab)use the fact that ipfw_insn is always the first field
 * for any custom instruction.
 */
#define CHECK_CMDLEN    CHECK_LENGTH(cblen, F_LEN((ipfw_insn *)cmd))

#define GET_UINT_ARG(arg, min, max, tok, s_x) do {                      \
        if (!av[0])                                                     \
                errx(EX_USAGE, "%s: missing argument", match_value(s_x, tok)); \
        if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {                         \
                arg = IP_FW_TARG;                                       \
                break;                                                  \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
        {                                                               \
        long _xval;                                                     \
        char *end;                                                      \
                                                                        \
        _xval = strtol(*av, &end, 10);                                  \
                                                                        \
        if (!isdigit(**av) || *end != '\0' || (_xval == 0 && errno == EINVAL)) \
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s: invalid argument: %s",            \
                    match_value(s_x, tok), *av);                        \
                                                                        \
        if (errno == ERANGE || _xval < min || _xval > max)              \
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s: argument is out of range (%u..%u): %s", \
                    match_value(s_x, tok), min, max, *av);              \
                                                                        \
        if (_xval == IP_FW_TARG)                                        \
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s: illegal argument value: %s",      \
                    match_value(s_x, tok), *av);                        \
        arg = _xval;                                                    \
        }                                                               \
} while (0)

static struct _s_x f_tcpflags[] = {
        { "syn", TH_SYN },
        { "fin", TH_FIN },
        { "ack", TH_ACK },
        { "psh", TH_PUSH },
        { "rst", TH_RST },
        { "urg", TH_URG },
        { "tcp flag", 0 },
        { NULL, 0 }
};

static struct _s_x f_tcpopts[] = {
        { "mss",        IP_FW_TCPOPT_MSS },
        { "maxseg",     IP_FW_TCPOPT_MSS },
        { "window",     IP_FW_TCPOPT_WINDOW },
        { "sack",       IP_FW_TCPOPT_SACK },
        { "ts",         IP_FW_TCPOPT_TS },
        { "timestamp",  IP_FW_TCPOPT_TS },
        { "cc",         IP_FW_TCPOPT_CC },
        { "tcp option", 0 },
        { NULL, 0 }
};

/*
 * IP options span the range 0 to 255 so we need to remap them
 * (though in fact only the low 5 bits are significant).
 */
static struct _s_x f_ipopts[] = {
        { "ssrr",       IP_FW_IPOPT_SSRR},
        { "lsrr",       IP_FW_IPOPT_LSRR},
        { "rr",         IP_FW_IPOPT_RR},
        { "ts",         IP_FW_IPOPT_TS},
        { "ip option",  0 },
        { NULL, 0 }
};

static struct _s_x f_iptos[] = {
        { "lowdelay",   IPTOS_LOWDELAY},
        { "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT},
        { "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY},
        { "mincost",    IPTOS_MINCOST},
        { "congestion", IPTOS_ECN_CE},
        { "ecntransport", IPTOS_ECN_ECT0},
        { "ip tos option", 0},
        { NULL, 0 }
};

static struct _s_x f_ipoff[] = {
        { "rf", IP_RF >> 8 },
        { "df", IP_DF >> 8 },
        { "mf", IP_MF >> 8 },
        { "offset", 0x1 },
        { NULL, 0}
};

struct _s_x f_ipdscp[] = {
        { "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 >> 2 },       /* 001010 */
        { "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 >> 2 },       /* 001100 */
        { "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 >> 2 },       /* 001110 */
        { "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 >> 2 },       /* 010010 */
        { "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 >> 2 },       /* 010100 */
        { "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 >> 2 },       /* 010110 */
        { "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 >> 2 },       /* 011010 */
        { "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 >> 2 },       /* 011100 */
        { "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 >> 2 },       /* 011110 */
        { "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 >> 2 },       /* 100010 */
        { "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 >> 2 },       /* 100100 */
        { "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 >> 2 },       /* 100110 */
        { "be", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 >> 2 },  /* 000000 */
        { "va", IPTOS_DSCP_VA >> 2 },   /* 101100 */
        { "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF >> 2 },   /* 101110 */
        { "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 >> 2 }, /* 000000 */
        { "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 >> 2 }, /* 001000 */
        { "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 >> 2 }, /* 010000 */
        { "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 >> 2 }, /* 011000 */
        { "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 >> 2 }, /* 100000 */
        { "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 >> 2 }, /* 101000 */
        { "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 >> 2 }, /* 110000 */
        { "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 >> 2 }, /* 100000 */
        { NULL, 0 }
};

static struct _s_x limit_masks[] = {
        {"all",         DYN_SRC_ADDR|DYN_SRC_PORT|DYN_DST_ADDR|DYN_DST_PORT},
        {"src-addr",    DYN_SRC_ADDR},
        {"src-port",    DYN_SRC_PORT},
        {"dst-addr",    DYN_DST_ADDR},
        {"dst-port",    DYN_DST_PORT},
        {NULL,          0}
};

/*
 * we use IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE as a fake protocol id to call the print routines
 * This is only used in this code.
 */
#define IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE       0x1000
static struct _s_x ether_types[] = {
    /*
     * Note, we cannot use "-:&/" in the names because they are field
     * separators in the type specifications. Also, we use s = NULL as
     * end-delimiter, because a type of 0 can be legal.
     */
        { "ip",         0x0800 },
        { "ipv4",       0x0800 },
        { "ipv6",       0x86dd },
        { "arp",        0x0806 },
        { "rarp",       0x8035 },
        { "vlan",       0x8100 },
        { "loop",       0x9000 },
        { "trail",      0x1000 },
        { "at",         0x809b },
        { "atalk",      0x809b },
        { "aarp",       0x80f3 },
        { "pppoe_disc", 0x8863 },
        { "pppoe_sess", 0x8864 },
        { "ipx_8022",   0x00E0 },
        { "ipx_8023",   0x0000 },
        { "ipx_ii",     0x8137 },
        { "ipx_snap",   0x8137 },
        { "ipx",        0x8137 },
        { "ns",         0x0600 },
        { NULL,         0 }
};

static struct _s_x rule_eactions[] = {
        { "nat64clat",          TOK_NAT64CLAT },
        { "nat64lsn",           TOK_NAT64LSN },
        { "nat64stl",           TOK_NAT64STL },
        { "nptv6",              TOK_NPTV6 },
        { "tcp-setmss",         TOK_TCPSETMSS },
        { NULL, 0 }     /* terminator */
};

static struct _s_x rule_actions[] = {
        { "abort6",             TOK_ABORT6 },
        { "abort",              TOK_ABORT },
        { "accept",             TOK_ACCEPT },
        { "pass",               TOK_ACCEPT },
        { "allow",              TOK_ACCEPT },
        { "permit",             TOK_ACCEPT },
        { "count",              TOK_COUNT },
        { "pipe",               TOK_PIPE },
        { "queue",              TOK_QUEUE },
        { "divert",             TOK_DIVERT },
        { "tee",                TOK_TEE },
        { "netgraph",           TOK_NETGRAPH },
        { "ngtee",              TOK_NGTEE },
        { "fwd",                TOK_FORWARD },
        { "forward",            TOK_FORWARD },
        { "skipto",             TOK_SKIPTO },
        { "deny",               TOK_DENY },
        { "drop",               TOK_DENY },
        { "reject",             TOK_REJECT },
        { "reset6",             TOK_RESET6 },
        { "reset",              TOK_RESET },
        { "unreach6",           TOK_UNREACH6 },
        { "unreach",            TOK_UNREACH },
        { "check-state",        TOK_CHECKSTATE },
        { "//",                 TOK_COMMENT },
        { "nat",                TOK_NAT },
        { "reass",              TOK_REASS },
        { "setfib",             TOK_SETFIB },
        { "setdscp",            TOK_SETDSCP },
        { "call",               TOK_CALL },
        { "return",             TOK_RETURN },
        { "eaction",            TOK_EACTION },
        { "tcp-setmss",         TOK_TCPSETMSS },
        { "setmark",            TOK_SETMARK },
        { NULL, 0 }     /* terminator */
};

static struct _s_x return_types[] = {
        { "next-rulenum",       RETURN_NEXT_RULENUM },
        { "next-rule",          RETURN_NEXT_RULE },
        { NULL, 0 }     /* terminator */
};

static struct _s_x rule_action_params[] = {
        { "altq",               TOK_ALTQ },
        { "log",                TOK_LOG },
        { "tag",                TOK_TAG },
        { "untag",              TOK_UNTAG },
        { NULL, 0 }     /* terminator */
};

/*
 * The 'lookup' instruction accepts one of the following arguments.
 * Arguments are passed as o.arg1 and o->value in O_DST_LOOKUP option.
 */
static struct _s_x lookup_keys[] = {
        { "dst-ip",             LOOKUP_DST_IP },
        { "src-ip",             LOOKUP_SRC_IP },
        { "dst-ip6",            LOOKUP_DST_IP6 },
        { "src-ip6",            LOOKUP_SRC_IP6 },
        { "dst-ip4",            LOOKUP_DST_IP4 },
        { "src-ip4",            LOOKUP_SRC_IP4 },
        { "dst-port",           LOOKUP_DST_PORT },
        { "src-port",           LOOKUP_SRC_PORT },
        { "dst-mac",            LOOKUP_DST_MAC },
        { "src-mac",            LOOKUP_SRC_MAC },
        { "uid",                LOOKUP_UID },
        { "jail",               LOOKUP_JAIL },
        { "dscp",               LOOKUP_DSCP },
        { "mark",               LOOKUP_MARK },
        { "rulenum",            LOOKUP_RULENUM },
        { NULL,                 0 },
};

/*
 * table(name,valuename=value) instruction accepts one of the
 * following arguments as valuename.
 */
static struct _s_x tvalue_names[] = {
        { "tag",                TVALUE_TAG },
        { "pipe",               TVALUE_PIPE },
        { "divert",             TVALUE_DIVERT },
        { "skipto",             TVALUE_SKIPTO },
        { "netgraph",           TVALUE_NETGRAPH },
        { "fib",                TVALUE_FIB },
        { "nat",                TVALUE_NAT },
        { "nh4",                TVALUE_NH4 },
        { "nh6",                TVALUE_NH6 },
        { "dscp",               TVALUE_DSCP },
        { "limit",              TVALUE_LIMIT },
        { "mark",               TVALUE_MARK },
        { NULL,                 0 }
};

static struct _s_x rule_options[] = {
        { "tagged",             TOK_TAGGED },
        { "uid",                TOK_UID },
        { "gid",                TOK_GID },
        { "jail",               TOK_JAIL },
        { "in",                 TOK_IN },
        { "limit",              TOK_LIMIT },
        { "set-limit",          TOK_SETLIMIT },
        { "keep-state",         TOK_KEEPSTATE },
        { "record-state",       TOK_RECORDSTATE },
        { "bridged",            TOK_LAYER2 },
        { "layer2",             TOK_LAYER2 },
        { "out",                TOK_OUT },
        { "diverted",           TOK_DIVERTED },
        { "diverted-loopback",  TOK_DIVERTEDLOOPBACK },
        { "diverted-output",    TOK_DIVERTEDOUTPUT },
        { "xmit",               TOK_XMIT },
        { "recv",               TOK_RECV },
        { "via",                TOK_VIA },
        { "fragment",           TOK_FRAG },
        { "frag",               TOK_FRAG },
        { "fib",                TOK_FIB },
        { "ipoptions",          TOK_IPOPTS },
        { "ipopts",             TOK_IPOPTS },
        { "iplen",              TOK_IPLEN },
        { "ipid",               TOK_IPID },
        { "ipprecedence",       TOK_IPPRECEDENCE },
        { "dscp",               TOK_DSCP },
        { "iptos",              TOK_IPTOS },
        { "ipttl",              TOK_IPTTL },
        { "ipversion",          TOK_IPVER },
        { "ipver",              TOK_IPVER },
        { "estab",              TOK_ESTAB },
        { "established",        TOK_ESTAB },
        { "setup",              TOK_SETUP },
        { "sockarg",            TOK_SOCKARG },
        { "tcpdatalen",         TOK_TCPDATALEN },
        { "tcpflags",           TOK_TCPFLAGS },
        { "tcpflgs",            TOK_TCPFLAGS },
        { "tcpmss",             TOK_TCPMSS },
        { "tcpoptions",         TOK_TCPOPTS },
        { "tcpopts",            TOK_TCPOPTS },
        { "tcpseq",             TOK_TCPSEQ },
        { "tcpack",             TOK_TCPACK },
        { "tcpwin",             TOK_TCPWIN },
        { "icmptype",           TOK_ICMPTYPES },
        { "icmptypes",          TOK_ICMPTYPES },
        { "dst-ip",             TOK_DSTIP },
        { "src-ip",             TOK_SRCIP },
        { "dst-port",           TOK_DSTPORT },
        { "src-port",           TOK_SRCPORT },
        { "dst-mac",            TOK_DSTMAC },
        { "src-mac",            TOK_SRCMAC },
        { "proto",              TOK_PROTO },
        { "MAC",                TOK_MAC },
        { "mac",                TOK_MAC },
        { "mac-type",           TOK_MACTYPE },
        { "verrevpath",         TOK_VERREVPATH },
        { "versrcreach",        TOK_VERSRCREACH },
        { "antispoof",          TOK_ANTISPOOF },
        { "ipsec",              TOK_IPSEC },
        { "icmp6type",          TOK_ICMP6TYPES },
        { "icmp6types",         TOK_ICMP6TYPES },
        { "ext6hdr",            TOK_EXT6HDR },
        { "flow-id",            TOK_FLOWID },
        { "ipv6",               TOK_IPV6 },
        { "ip6",                TOK_IPV6 },
        { "ipv4",               TOK_IPV4 },
        { "ip4",                TOK_IPV4 },
        { "dst-ipv6",           TOK_DSTIP6 },
        { "dst-ip6",            TOK_DSTIP6 },
        { "src-ipv6",           TOK_SRCIP6 },
        { "src-ip6",            TOK_SRCIP6 },
        { "lookup",             TOK_LOOKUP },
        { "flow",               TOK_FLOW },
        { "mark",               TOK_MARK },
        { "defer-action",       TOK_SKIPACTION },
        { "defer-immediate-action",     TOK_SKIPACTION },
        { "//",                 TOK_COMMENT },

        { "not",                TOK_NOT },              /* pseudo option */
        { "!", /* escape ? */   TOK_NOT },              /* pseudo option */
        { "or",                 TOK_OR },               /* pseudo option */
        { "|", /* escape */     TOK_OR },               /* pseudo option */
        { "{",                  TOK_STARTBRACE },       /* pseudo option */
        { "(",                  TOK_STARTBRACE },       /* pseudo option */
        { "}",                  TOK_ENDBRACE },         /* pseudo option */
        { ")",                  TOK_ENDBRACE },         /* pseudo option */
        { NULL, 0 }     /* terminator */
};

void bprint_uint_arg(struct buf_pr *bp, const char *str, uint32_t arg);
static int ipfw_get_config(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_cfg_lheader **pcfg, size_t *psize);
static int ipfw_show_config(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg, size_t sz, int ac, char **av);
static void ipfw_list_tifaces(void);

struct tidx;
static uint32_t pack_object(struct tidx *tstate, const char *name, int otype);
static uint32_t pack_table(struct tidx *tstate, const char *name);

static char *table_search_ctlv(ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv, uint32_t idx);
static void object_sort_ctlv(ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv);
static char *object_search_ctlv(ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv, uint32_t idx,
    uint16_t type);

int
is_ipfw(void)
{
        return (g_co.prog == cmdline_prog_ipfw);
}

/*
 * Simple string buffer API.
 * Used to simplify buffer passing between function and for
 * transparent overrun handling.
 */

/*
 * Allocates new buffer of given size @sz.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */
int
bp_alloc(struct buf_pr *b, size_t size)
{
        memset(b, 0, sizeof(struct buf_pr));

        if ((b->buf = calloc(1, size)) == NULL)
                return (ENOMEM);

        b->ptr = b->buf;
        b->size = size;
        b->avail = b->size;

        return (0);
}

void
bp_free(struct buf_pr *b)
{

        free(b->buf);
}

/*
 * Flushes buffer so new writer start from beginning.
 */
void
bp_flush(struct buf_pr *b)
{

        b->ptr = b->buf;
        b->avail = b->size;
        b->buf[0] = '\0';
}

/*
 * Print message specified by @format and args.
 * Automatically manage buffer space and transparently handle
 * buffer overruns.
 *
 * Returns number of bytes that should have been printed.
 */
int
bprintf(struct buf_pr *b, const char *format, ...)
{
        va_list args;
        int i;

        va_start(args, format);

        i = vsnprintf(b->ptr, b->avail, format, args);
        va_end(args);

        if (i < 0 || (size_t)i > b->avail) {
                /* Overflow or print error */
                b->avail = 0;
        } else {
                b->ptr += i;
                b->avail -= i;
        } 

        b->needed += i;

        return (i);
}

/*
 * Special values printer for tablearg-aware opcodes.
 */
void
bprint_uint_arg(struct buf_pr *bp, const char *str, uint32_t arg)
{

        if (str != NULL)
                bprintf(bp, "%s", str);
        if (arg == IP_FW_TARG)
                bprintf(bp, "tablearg");
        else
                bprintf(bp, "%u", arg);
}

/*
 * Helper routine to print a possibly unaligned uint64_t on
 * various platform. If width > 0, print the value with
 * the desired width, followed by a space;
 * otherwise, return the required width.
 */
int
pr_u64(struct buf_pr *b, void *pd, int width)
{
#ifdef TCC
#define U64_FMT "I64"
#else
#define U64_FMT "llu"
#endif
        uint64_t u;
        unsigned long long d;

        bcopy (pd, &u, sizeof(u));
        d = u;
        return (width > 0) ?
                bprintf(b, "%*" U64_FMT " ", width, d) :
                snprintf(NULL, 0, "%" U64_FMT, d) ;
#undef U64_FMT
}


void *
safe_calloc(size_t number, size_t size)
{
        void *ret = calloc(number, size);

        if (ret == NULL)
                err(EX_OSERR, "calloc");
        return ret;
}

void *
safe_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
        void *ret = realloc(ptr, size);

        if (ret == NULL)
                err(EX_OSERR, "realloc");
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Compare things like interface or table names.
 */
int
stringnum_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
{
        int la, lb;

        la = strlen(a);
        lb = strlen(b);

        if (la > lb)
                return (1);
        else if (la < lb)
                return (-01);

        return (strcmp(a, b));
}

struct debug_header {
        uint16_t cmd_type;
        uint16_t spare1;
        uint32_t opt_name;
        uint32_t total_len;
        uint32_t spare2;
};

/*
 * conditionally runs the command.
 * Selected options or negative -> getsockopt
 */
int
do_cmd(int optname, void *optval, uintptr_t optlen)
{
        int i;

        if (g_co.debug_only) {
                struct debug_header dbg = {
                        .cmd_type = 1,
                        .opt_name = optname,
                        .total_len = optlen + sizeof(struct debug_header),
                };
                write(1, &dbg, sizeof(dbg));
                write(1, optval, optlen);
        }

        if (g_co.test_only)
                return (0);

        if (ipfw_socket == -1)
                ipfw_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
        if (ipfw_socket < 0)
                err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket");

        if (optname == IP_FW3 || optname < 0) {
                if (optname < 0)
                        optname = -optname;
                i = getsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, optname, optval,
                        (socklen_t *)optlen);
        } else {
                i = setsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, optname, optval, optlen);
        }
        return (i);
}

/*
 * do_set3 - pass ipfw control cmd to kernel
 * @optname: option name
 * @optval: pointer to option data
 * @optlen: option length
 *
 * Assumes op3 header is already embedded.
 * Calls setsockopt() with IP_FW3 as kernel-visible opcode.
 * Returns 0 on success or errno otherwise.
 */
int
do_set3(int optname, ip_fw3_opheader *op3, size_t optlen)
{

        op3->opcode = optname;
        op3->version = IP_FW3_OPVER; /* use last version */

        if (g_co.debug_only) {
                struct debug_header dbg = {
                        .cmd_type = 2,
                        .opt_name = optname,
                        .total_len = optlen, sizeof(struct debug_header),
                };
                write(1, &dbg, sizeof(dbg));
                write(1, op3, optlen);
        }

        if (g_co.test_only)
                return (0);

        if (ipfw_socket == -1)
                ipfw_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
        if (ipfw_socket < 0)
                err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket");


        return (setsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW3, op3, optlen));
}

/*
 * do_get3 - pass ipfw control cmd to kernel
 * @optname: option name
 * @optval: pointer to option data
 * @optlen: pointer to option length
 *
 * Assumes op3 header is already embedded.
 * Calls getsockopt() with IP_FW3 as kernel-visible opcode.
 * Returns 0 on success or errno otherwise.
 */
int
do_get3(int optname, ip_fw3_opheader *op3, size_t *optlen)
{
        int error;
        socklen_t len;

        op3->opcode = optname;
        op3->version = IP_FW3_OPVER; /* use last version */

        if (g_co.debug_only) {
                struct debug_header dbg = {
                        .cmd_type = 3,
                        .opt_name = optname,
                        .total_len = *optlen + sizeof(struct debug_header),
                };
                write(1, &dbg, sizeof(dbg));
                write(1, op3, *optlen);
        }

        if (g_co.test_only)
                return (0);

        if (ipfw_socket == -1)
                ipfw_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
        if (ipfw_socket < 0)
                err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket");


        len = *optlen;
        error = getsockopt(ipfw_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW3, op3, &len);
        *optlen = len;

        return (error);
}

/**
 * match_token takes a table and a string, returns the value associated
 * with the string (-1 in case of failure).
 */
int
match_token(struct _s_x *table, const char *string)
{
        struct _s_x *pt;
        uint i = strlen(string);

        for (pt = table ; i && pt->s != NULL ; pt++)
                if (strlen(pt->s) == i && !bcmp(string, pt->s, i))
                        return pt->x;
        return (-1);
}

/**
 * match_token_relaxed takes a table and a string, returns the value associated
 * with the string for the best match.
 *
 * Returns:
 * value from @table for matched records
 * -1 for non-matched records
 * -2 if more than one records match @string.
 */
int
match_token_relaxed(struct _s_x *table, const char *string)
{
        struct _s_x *pt, *m;
        int i, c;

        i = strlen(string);
        c = 0;

        for (pt = table ; i != 0 && pt->s != NULL ; pt++) {
                if (strncmp(pt->s, string, i) != 0)
                        continue;
                m = pt;
                c++;
        }

        if (c == 1)
                return (m->x);

        return (c > 0 ? -2: -1);
}

int
get_token(struct _s_x *table, const char *string, const char *errbase)
{
        int tcmd;

        if ((tcmd = match_token_relaxed(table, string)) < 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "%s %s %s",
                    (tcmd == 0) ? "invalid" : "ambiguous", errbase, string);

        return (tcmd);
}

/**
 * match_value takes a table and a value, returns the string associated
 * with the value (NULL in case of failure).
 */
char const *
match_value(struct _s_x *p, int value)
{
        for (; p->s != NULL; p++)
                if (p->x == value)
                        return p->s;
        return NULL;
}

size_t
concat_tokens(char *buf, size_t bufsize, struct _s_x *table,
    const char *delimiter)
{
        struct _s_x *pt;
        int l;
        size_t sz;

        for (sz = 0, pt = table ; pt->s != NULL; pt++) {
                l = snprintf(buf + sz, bufsize - sz, "%s%s",
                    (sz == 0) ? "" : delimiter, pt->s);
                sz += l;
                bufsize += l;
                if (sz > bufsize)
                        return (bufsize);
        }

        return (sz);
}

/*
 * helper function to process a set of flags and set bits in the
 * appropriate masks.
 */
int
fill_flags(struct _s_x *flags, char *p, char **e, uint32_t *set,
    uint32_t *clear)
{
        char *q;        /* points to the separator */
        int val;
        uint32_t *which;        /* mask we are working on */

        while (p && *p) {
                if (*p == '!') {
                        p++;
                        which = clear;
                } else
                        which = set;
                q = strchr(p, ',');
                if (q)
                        *q++ = '\0';
                val = match_token(flags, p);
                if (val <= 0) {
                        if (e != NULL)
                                *e = p;
                        return (-1);
                }
                *which |= (uint32_t)val;
                p = q;
        }
        return (0);
}

void
print_flags_buffer(char *buf, size_t sz, struct _s_x *list, uint32_t set)
{
        char const *comma = "";
        int i, l;

        for (i = 0; list[i].x != 0; i++) {
                if ((set & list[i].x) == 0)
                        continue;
                
                set &= ~list[i].x;
                l = snprintf(buf, sz, "%s%s", comma, list[i].s);
                if (l < 0 || (size_t)l >= sz)
                        return;
                comma = ",";
                buf += l;
                sz -=l;
        }
}

/*
 * _substrcmp takes two strings and returns 1 if they do not match,
 * and 0 if they match exactly or the first string is a sub-string
 * of the second.  A warning is printed to stderr in the case that the
 * first string is a sub-string of the second.
 *
 * This function will be removed in the future through the usual
 * deprecation process.
 */
int
_substrcmp(const char *str1, const char* str2)
{

        if (strncmp(str1, str2, strlen(str1)) != 0)
                return 1;

        if (strlen(str1) != strlen(str2))
                warnx("DEPRECATED: '%s' matched '%s' as a sub-string",
                    str1, str2);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * _substrcmp2 takes three strings and returns 1 if the first two do not match,
 * and 0 if they match exactly or the second string is a sub-string
 * of the first.  A warning is printed to stderr in the case that the
 * first string does not match the third.
 *
 * This function exists to warn about the bizarre construction
 * strncmp(str, "by", 2) which is used to allow people to use a shortcut
 * for "bytes".  The problem is that in addition to accepting "by",
 * "byt", "byte", and "bytes", it also excepts "by_rabid_dogs" and any
 * other string beginning with "by".
 *
 * This function will be removed in the future through the usual
 * deprecation process.
 */
int
_substrcmp2(const char *str1, const char* str2, const char* str3)
{

        if (strncmp(str1, str2, strlen(str2)) != 0)
                return 1;

        if (strcmp(str1, str3) != 0)
                warnx("DEPRECATED: '%s' matched '%s'",
                    str1, str3);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * prints one port, symbolic or numeric
 */
static void
print_port(struct buf_pr *bp, int proto, uint16_t port)
{

        if (proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE) {
                char const *s;

                if (g_co.do_resolv && (s = match_value(ether_types, port)) )
                        bprintf(bp, "%s", s);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, "0x%04x", port);
        } else {
                struct servent *se = NULL;
                if (g_co.do_resolv) {
                        struct protoent *pe = getprotobynumber(proto);

                        se = getservbyport(htons(port), pe ? pe->p_name : NULL);
                }
                if (se)
                        bprintf(bp, "%s", se->s_name);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, "%d", port);
        }
}

static struct _s_x _port_name[] = {
        {"dst-port",    O_IP_DSTPORT},
        {"src-port",    O_IP_SRCPORT},
        {"ipid",        O_IPID},
        {"iplen",       O_IPLEN},
        {"ipttl",       O_IPTTL},
        {"mac-type",    O_MAC_TYPE},
        {"tcpdatalen",  O_TCPDATALEN},
        {"tcpmss",      O_TCPMSS},
        {"tcpwin",      O_TCPWIN},
        {"tagged",      O_TAGGED},
        {NULL,          0}
};

/*
 * Print the values in a list 16-bit items of the types above.
 * XXX todo: add support for mask.
 */
static void
print_newports(struct buf_pr *bp, const ipfw_insn_u16 *cmd, int proto, int opcode)
{
        const uint16_t *p = cmd->ports;
        int i;
        char const *sep;

        if (opcode != 0) {
                sep = match_value(_port_name, opcode);
                if (sep == NULL)
                        sep = "???";
                bprintf(bp, " %s", sep);
        }
        sep = " ";
        for (i = F_LEN((const ipfw_insn *)cmd) - 1; i > 0; i--, p += 2) {
                bprintf(bp, "%s", sep);
                print_port(bp, proto, p[0]);
                if (p[0] != p[1]) {
                        bprintf(bp, "-");
                        print_port(bp, proto, p[1]);
                }
                sep = ",";
        }
}

/*
 * Like strtol, but also translates service names into port numbers
 * for some protocols.
 * In particular:
 *      proto == -1 disables the protocol check;
 *      proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE looks up an internal table
 *      proto == <some value in /etc/protocols> matches the values there.
 * Returns *end == s in case the parameter is not found.
 */
static int
strtoport(char *s, char **end, int base, int proto)
{
        char *p, *buf;
        char *s1;
        int i;

        *end = s;               /* default - not found */
        if (*s == '\0')
                return 0;       /* not found */

        if (isdigit(*s))
                return strtol(s, end, base);

        /*
         * find separator. '\\' escapes the next char.
         */
        for (s1 = s; *s1 && (isalnum(*s1) || *s1 == '\\' ||
            *s1 == '_' || *s1 == '.') ; s1++)
                if (*s1 == '\\' && s1[1] != '\0')
                        s1++;

        buf = safe_calloc(s1 - s + 1, 1);

        /*
         * copy into a buffer skipping backslashes
         */
        for (p = s, i = 0; p != s1 ; p++)
                if (*p != '\\')
                        buf[i++] = *p;
        buf[i++] = '\0';

        if (proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE) {
                i = match_token(ether_types, buf);
                free(buf);
                if (i != -1) {  /* found */
                        *end = s1;
                        return i;
                }
        } else {
                struct protoent *pe = NULL;
                struct servent *se;

                if (proto != 0)
                        pe = getprotobynumber(proto);
                setservent(1);
                se = getservbyname(buf, pe ? pe->p_name : NULL);
                free(buf);
                if (se != NULL) {
                        *end = s1;
                        return ntohs(se->s_port);
                }
        }
        return 0;       /* not found */
}

/*
 * Fill the body of the command with the list of port ranges.
 */
static int
fill_newports(ipfw_insn_u16 *cmd, char *av, int proto, int cblen)
{
        uint16_t a, b, *p = cmd->ports;
        int i = 0;
        char *s = av;

        while (*s) {
                a = strtoport(av, &s, 0, proto);
                if (s == av)                    /* empty or invalid argument */
                        return (0);

                CHECK_LENGTH(cblen, i + 2);

                switch (*s) {
                case '-':                       /* a range */
                        av = s + 1;
                        b = strtoport(av, &s, 0, proto);
                        /* Reject expressions like '1-abc' or '1-2-3'. */
                        if (s == av || (*s != ',' && *s != '\0'))
                                return (0);
                        p[0] = a;
                        p[1] = b;
                        break;
                case ',':                       /* comma separated list */
                case '\0':
                        p[0] = p[1] = a;
                        break;
                default:
                        warnx("port list: invalid separator <%c> in <%s>",
                                *s, av);
                        return (0);
                }

                i++;
                p += 2;
                av = s + 1;
        }
        if (i > 0) {
                if (i + 1 > F_LEN_MASK)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "too many ports/ranges\n");
                cmd->o.len |= i + 1;    /* leave F_NOT and F_OR untouched */
        }
        return (i);
}

/*
 * Fill the body of the command with the list of DiffServ codepoints.
 */
static void
fill_dscp(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
        uint32_t *low, *high;
        char *s = av, *a;
        int code;

        cmd->opcode = O_DSCP;
        cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + 1;

        CHECK_CMDLEN;

        low = (uint32_t *)(cmd + 1);
        high = low + 1;

        *low = 0;
        *high = 0;

        while (s != NULL) {
                a = strchr(s, ',');

                if (a != NULL)
                        *a++ = '\0';

                if (isalpha(*s)) {
                        if ((code = match_token(f_ipdscp, s)) == -1)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Unknown DSCP code");
                } else {
                        code = strtoul(s, NULL, 10);
                        if (code < 0 || code > 63)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid DSCP value");
                }

                if (code >= 32)
                        *high |= 1 << (code - 32);
                else
                        *low |= 1 << code;

                s = a;
        }
}

/*
 * Fill the body of the command with mark value and mask.
 */
static void
fill_mark(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
        uint32_t *value, *mask;
        char *value_str;

        cmd->opcode = O_MARK;
        cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + 1;

        CHECK_CMDLEN;

        value = (uint32_t *)(cmd + 1);
        mask = value + 1;

        value_str = strsep(&av, ":");

        if (strcmp(value_str, "tablearg") == 0) {
                cmd->arg1 = IP_FW_TARG;
                *value = 0;
        } else {
                /* This is not a tablearg */
                cmd->arg1 |= 0x8000;
                *value = strtoul(value_str, NULL, 0);
        }
        if (av)
                *mask = strtoul(av, NULL, 0);
        else
                *mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;

        if ((*value & *mask) != *value)
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Static mark value: some bits in value are"
                    " set that will be masked out by mask "
                    "(%#x & %#x) = %#x != %#x",
                    *value, *mask, (*value & *mask), *value);
}

static struct _s_x icmpcodes[] = {
      { "net",                  ICMP_UNREACH_NET },
      { "host",                 ICMP_UNREACH_HOST },
      { "protocol",             ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL },
      { "port",                 ICMP_UNREACH_PORT },
      { "needfrag",             ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG },
      { "srcfail",              ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL },
      { "net-unknown",          ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN },
      { "host-unknown",         ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN },
      { "isolated",             ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED },
      { "net-prohib",           ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB },
      { "host-prohib",          ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB },
      { "tosnet",               ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET },
      { "toshost",              ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST },
      { "filter-prohib",        ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB },
      { "host-precedence",      ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE },
      { "precedence-cutoff",    ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF },
      { NULL, 0 }
};

static uint16_t
get_reject_code(const char *str)
{
        int val;
        char *s;

        val = strtoul(str, &s, 0);
        if (s == str || *s != '\0' || val >= 0x100)
                val = match_token(icmpcodes, str);
        if (val < 0)
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "unknown ICMP unreachable code ``%s''", str);
        return (val);
}

static void
print_reject_code(struct buf_pr *bp, uint16_t code)
{
        char const *s;

        if ((s = match_value(icmpcodes, code)) != NULL)
                bprintf(bp, "unreach %s", s);
        else
                bprintf(bp, "unreach %u", code);
}

/*
 * Returns the number of bits set (from left) in a contiguous bitmask,
 * or -1 if the mask is not contiguous.
 * XXX this needs a proper fix.
 * This effectively works on masks in big-endian (network) format.
 * when compiled on little endian architectures.
 *
 * First bit is bit 7 of the first byte -- note, for MAC addresses,
 * the first bit on the wire is bit 0 of the first byte.
 * len is the max length in bits.
 */
int
contigmask(const uint8_t *p, int len)
{
        int i, n;

        for (i=0; i<len ; i++)
                if ( (p[i/8] & (1 << (7 - (i%8)))) == 0) /* first bit unset */
                        break;
        for (n=i+1; n < len; n++)
                if ( (p[n/8] & (1 << (7 - (n%8)))) != 0)
                        return -1; /* mask not contiguous */
        return i;
}

/*
 * print flags set/clear in the two bitmasks passed as parameters.
 * There is a specialized check for f_tcpflags.
 */
static void
print_flags(struct buf_pr *bp, char const *name, const ipfw_insn *cmd,
    struct _s_x *list)
{
        char const *comma = "";
        int i;
        uint8_t set = cmd->arg1 & 0xff;
        uint8_t clear = (cmd->arg1 >> 8) & 0xff;

        if (list == f_tcpflags && set == TH_SYN && clear == TH_ACK) {
                bprintf(bp, " setup");
                return;
        }

        bprintf(bp, " %s ", name);
        for (i=0; list[i].x != 0; i++) {
                if (set & list[i].x) {
                        set &= ~list[i].x;
                        bprintf(bp, "%s%s", comma, list[i].s);
                        comma = ",";
                }
                if (clear & list[i].x) {
                        clear &= ~list[i].x;
                        bprintf(bp, "%s!%s", comma, list[i].s);
                        comma = ",";
                }
        }
}

static void
print_tvalue(struct buf_pr *bp, const ipfw_insn_lookup *cmd)
{
        char maskbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
        const char *name;

        name = match_value(tvalue_names, IPFW_TVALUE_TYPE(&cmd->o));
        switch(IPFW_TVALUE_TYPE(&cmd->o)) {
        case TVALUE_NH6:
                if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &insntoc(&cmd->o, lookup)->ip6,
                    maskbuf, sizeof(maskbuf)) == NULL)
                        strcpy(maskbuf, "<invalid>");
                bprintf(bp, ",%s=%s", name != NULL ? name: "<invalid>",
                    maskbuf);
                return;
        case TVALUE_NH4:
                bprintf(bp, ",%s=%s", name != NULL ? name: "<invalid>",
                    inet_ntoa(cmd->ip4));
                return;
        }
        bprintf(bp, ",%s=%u", name != NULL ? name: "<invalid>",
            cmd->u32);
}


/*
 * Print the ip address contained in a command.
 */
static void
print_ip(struct buf_pr *bp, const struct format_opts *fo,
    const ipfw_insn_ip *cmd)
{
        char maskbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
        const uint32_t *a = insntoc(cmd, u32)->d;
        struct hostent *he = NULL;
        const struct in_addr *ia;
        const ipfw_insn_lookup *l = insntoc(cmd, lookup);
        const char *key;
        char *t;
        uint32_t len = F_LEN(&cmd->o);

        bprintf(bp, " ");
        switch (cmd->o.opcode) {
        case O_IP_SRC_ME:
        case O_IP_DST_ME:
                bprintf(bp, "me");
                return;

        case O_TABLE_LOOKUP: {
                key = match_value(lookup_keys,
                    IPFW_LOOKUP_TYPE(&cmd->o));
                t = table_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                    insntoc(&cmd->o, kidx)->kidx);
                if (IPFW_LOOKUP_MASKING(&cmd->o) == 0 ||
                    len != F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_lookup)) {
                        bprintf(bp, "lookup %s %s",
                            (key != NULL ? key : "<invalid>"), t);
                        return;
                }
                switch (IPFW_LOOKUP_TYPE(&cmd->o)) {
                case LOOKUP_DST_IP6:
                case LOOKUP_SRC_IP6:
                        if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &l->ip6,
                             maskbuf, sizeof(maskbuf)) == NULL)
                                strcpy(maskbuf, "<invalid>");
                        bprintf(bp, "lookup %s:%s %s", key, maskbuf, t);
                        break;
                case LOOKUP_DST_IP:
                case LOOKUP_SRC_IP:
                case LOOKUP_DST_IP4:
                case LOOKUP_SRC_IP4:
                        bprintf(bp, "lookup %s:%s %s", key,
                            inet_ntoa(l->ip4), t);
                        break;
                case LOOKUP_DST_MAC:
                case LOOKUP_SRC_MAC:
                        bprintf(bp, "lookup %s:%s %s", key,
                            ether_ntoa((const struct ether_addr *)&l->mac), t);
                        break;
                default:
                        bprintf(bp, "lookup %s:%#x %s",
                            (key != NULL ? key : "<invalid>"),
                            l->u32, t);
                }
                return;
        }
        case O_IP_DST_LOOKUP:
        case O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP:
                t = table_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                    insntoc(&cmd->o, kidx)->kidx);
                /*
                 * XXX: compatibility layer, to be removed.
                 * Properly show rules loaded into new kernel modules by
                 * an old ipfw binary.
                 */
                if (IPFW_LOOKUP_MASKING(&cmd->o) != 0 &&
                    len == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_table)) {
                        key = match_value(lookup_keys,
                            IPFW_LOOKUP_TYPE(&cmd->o));
                        bprintf(bp, "lookup %s:%#x %s",
                            (key != NULL ? key : "<invalid>"),
                            insntoc(&cmd->o, table)->value, t);
                        return;
                }
                bprintf(bp, "table(%s", t);
                if (IPFW_LOOKUP_MATCH_TVALUE(&cmd->o) != 0)
                        print_tvalue(bp, l);
                bprintf(bp, ")");
                return;
        }

        if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC_SET || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_SET) {
                const uint32_t *map = (const uint32_t *)&cmd->mask;
                struct in_addr addr;
                uint32_t x;
                int i, j;
                char comma = '{';

                x = cmd->o.arg1 - 1;
                x = htonl(~x);
                addr.s_addr = htonl(cmd->addr.s_addr);
                bprintf(bp, "%s/%d", inet_ntoa(addr),
                    contigmask((uint8_t *)&x, 32));
                x = cmd->addr.s_addr;
                x &= 0xff; /* base */
                /*
                 * Print bits and ranges.
                 * Locate first bit set (i), then locate first bit unset (j).
                 * If we have 3+ consecutive bits set, then print them as a
                 * range, otherwise only print the initial bit and rescan.
                 */
                for (i=0; i < cmd->o.arg1; i++)
                        if (map[i/32] & (1<<(i & 31))) {
                                for (j=i+1; j < cmd->o.arg1; j++)
                                        if (!(map[ j/32] & (1<<(j & 31))))
                                                break;
                                bprintf(bp, "%c%d", comma, i+x);
                                if (j>i+2) { /* range has at least 3 elements */
                                        bprintf(bp, "-%d", j-1+x);
                                        i = j-1;
                                }
                                comma = ',';
                        }
                bprintf(bp, "}");
                return;
        }
        /*
         * len == 2 indicates a single IP, whereas lists of 1 or more
         * addr/mask pairs have len = (2n+1). We convert len to n so we
         * use that to count the number of entries.
         */
    for (len = len / 2; len > 0; len--, a += 2) {
        int mb =        /* mask length */
            (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST) ?
                32 : contigmask((const uint8_t *)&(a[1]), 32);
        if (mb == 32 && g_co.do_resolv)
                he = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&(a[0]), sizeof(in_addr_t),
                    AF_INET);
        if (he != NULL)         /* resolved to name */
                bprintf(bp, "%s", he->h_name);
        else if (mb == 0)       /* any */
                bprintf(bp, "any");
        else {          /* numeric IP followed by some kind of mask */
                ia = (const struct in_addr *)&a[0];
                bprintf(bp, "%s", inet_ntoa(*ia));
                if (mb < 0) {
                        ia = (const struct in_addr *)&a[1];
                        bprintf(bp, ":%s", inet_ntoa(*ia));
                } else if (mb < 32)
                        bprintf(bp, "/%d", mb);
        }
        if (len > 1)
                bprintf(bp, ",");
    }
}

/*
 * prints a MAC address/mask pair
 */
static void
format_mac(struct buf_pr *bp, const uint8_t *addr, const uint8_t *mask)
{
        int l = contigmask(mask, 48);

        if (l == 0)
                bprintf(bp, " any");
        else {
                bprintf(bp, " %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
                    addr[0], addr[1], addr[2], addr[3], addr[4], addr[5]);
                if (l == -1)
                        bprintf(bp, "&%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
                            mask[0], mask[1], mask[2],
                            mask[3], mask[4], mask[5]);
                else if (l < 48)
                        bprintf(bp, "/%d", l);
        }
}

static void
print_mac(struct buf_pr *bp, const ipfw_insn_mac *mac)
{

        bprintf(bp, " MAC");
        format_mac(bp, mac->addr, mac->mask);
        format_mac(bp, mac->addr + 6, mac->mask + 6);
}

static void
print_mac_lookup(struct buf_pr *bp, const struct format_opts *fo,
    const ipfw_insn *cmd)
{
        char *t;

        bprintf(bp, " ");

        t = table_search_ctlv(fo->tstate, insntoc(cmd, kidx)->kidx);
        bprintf(bp, "table(%s", t);
        if (IPFW_LOOKUP_MATCH_TVALUE(cmd) != 0)
                print_tvalue(bp, insntoc(cmd, lookup));
        bprintf(bp, ")");
}

static void
fill_icmptypes(ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd, char *av)
{
        uint8_t type;

        cmd->d[0] = 0;
        while (*av) {
                if (*av == ',')
                        av++;

                type = strtoul(av, &av, 0);

                if (*av != ',' && *av != '\0')
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ICMP type");

                if (type > 31)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "ICMP type out of range");

                cmd->d[0] |= 1 << type;
        }
        cmd->o.opcode = O_ICMPTYPE;
        cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
}

static void
print_icmptypes(struct buf_pr *bp, const ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd)
{
        int i;
        char sep= ' ';

        bprintf(bp, " icmptypes");
        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
                if ( (cmd->d[0] & (1 << (i))) == 0)
                        continue;
                bprintf(bp, "%c%d", sep, i);
                sep = ',';
        }
}

static void
print_dscp(struct buf_pr *bp, const ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd)
{
        const uint32_t *v;
        const char *code;
        int i = 0;
        char sep= ' ';

        bprintf(bp, " dscp");
        v = cmd->d;
        while (i < 64) {
                if (*v & (1 << i)) {
                        if ((code = match_value(f_ipdscp, i)) != NULL)
                                bprintf(bp, "%c%s", sep, code);
                        else
                                bprintf(bp, "%c%d", sep, i);
                        sep = ',';
                }

                if ((++i % 32) == 0)
                        v++;
        }
}

struct show_state {
        struct ip_fw_rule       *rule;
        const ipfw_insn_kidx    *eaction;
        uint8_t                 *printed;
        int                     flags;
#define HAVE_PROTO              0x0001
#define HAVE_SRCIP              0x0002
#define HAVE_DSTIP              0x0004
#define HAVE_PROBE_STATE        0x0008
        int                     proto;
        int                     or_block;
};

static int
init_show_state(struct show_state *state, struct ip_fw_rule *rule)
{

        state->printed = calloc(rule->cmd_len, sizeof(uint8_t));
        if (state->printed == NULL)
                return (ENOMEM);
        state->rule = rule;
        state->eaction = NULL;
        state->flags = 0;
        state->proto = 0;
        state->or_block = 0;
        return (0);
}

static void
free_show_state(struct show_state *state)
{

        free(state->printed);
}

static uint8_t
is_printed_opcode(struct show_state *state, const ipfw_insn *cmd)
{

        return (state->printed[cmd - state->rule->cmd]);
}

static void
mark_printed(struct show_state *state, const ipfw_insn *cmd)
{

        state->printed[cmd - state->rule->cmd] = 1;
}

static void
print_limit_mask(struct buf_pr *bp, const ipfw_insn_limit *limit)
{
        struct _s_x *p = limit_masks;
        char const *comma = " ";
        uint8_t x;

        for (x = limit->limit_mask; p->x != 0; p++) {
                if ((x & p->x) == p->x) {
                        x &= ~p->x;
                        bprintf(bp, "%s%s", comma, p->s);
                        comma = ",";
                }
        }
        bprint_uint_arg(bp, " ", limit->conn_limit);
}

static int
print_instruction(struct buf_pr *bp, const struct format_opts *fo,
    struct show_state *state, const ipfw_insn *cmd)
{
        struct protoent *pe;
        struct passwd *pwd;
        struct group *grp;
        const char *s;
        double d;

        if (is_printed_opcode(state, cmd))
                return (0);
        if ((cmd->len & F_OR) != 0 && state->or_block == 0)
                bprintf(bp, " {");
        if (cmd->opcode != O_IN && (cmd->len & F_NOT) != 0)
                bprintf(bp, " not");

        switch (cmd->opcode) {
        case O_PROB:
                d = 1.0 * insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0] / 0x7fffffff;
                bprintf(bp, "prob %f ", d);
                break;
        case O_PROBE_STATE: /* no need to print anything here */
                state->flags |= HAVE_PROBE_STATE;
                break;
        case O_IP_SRC:
        case O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP:
        case O_IP_SRC_MASK:
        case O_IP_SRC_ME:
        case O_IP_SRC_SET:
                if (state->flags & HAVE_SRCIP)
                        bprintf(bp, " src-ip");
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case O_TABLE_LOOKUP:
                print_ip(bp, fo, insntoc(cmd, ip));
                break;
        case O_IP_DST:
        case O_IP_DST_MASK:
        case O_IP_DST_ME:
        case O_IP_DST_SET:
        case O_IP_DST_LOOKUP:
                /*
                 * Special handling for O_IP_DST_LOOKUP when
                 * lookup type is not LOOKUP_NONE.
                 */
                if ((state->flags & HAVE_DSTIP) != 0 && (
                    cmd->opcode != O_IP_DST_LOOKUP ||
                    IPFW_LOOKUP_TYPE(cmd) == LOOKUP_NONE))
                        bprintf(bp, " dst-ip");
                print_ip(bp, fo, insntoc(cmd, ip));
                break;
        case O_IP6_SRC:
        case O_IP6_SRC_MASK:
        case O_IP6_SRC_ME:
                if (state->flags & HAVE_SRCIP)
                        bprintf(bp, " src-ip6");
                print_ip6(bp, insntoc(cmd, ip6));
                break;
        case O_IP6_DST:
        case O_IP6_DST_MASK:
        case O_IP6_DST_ME:
                if (state->flags & HAVE_DSTIP)
                        bprintf(bp, " dst-ip6");
                print_ip6(bp, insntoc(cmd, ip6));
                break;
        case O_MAC_SRC_LOOKUP:
                bprintf(bp, " src-mac");
                print_mac_lookup(bp, fo, cmd);
                break;
        case O_MAC_DST_LOOKUP:
                bprintf(bp, " dst-mac");
                print_mac_lookup(bp, fo, cmd);
                break;
        case O_FLOW6ID:
                print_flow6id(bp, insntoc(cmd, u32));
                break;
        case O_IP_DSTPORT:
        case O_IP_SRCPORT:
                print_newports(bp, insntoc(cmd, u16), state->proto,
                    (state->flags & (HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_DSTIP)) ==
                    (HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_DSTIP) ?  cmd->opcode: 0);
                break;
        case O_PROTO:
                pe = getprotobynumber(cmd->arg1);
                if (state->flags & HAVE_PROTO)
                        bprintf(bp, " proto");
                if (pe != NULL)
                        bprintf(bp, " %s", pe->p_name);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, " %u", cmd->arg1);
                state->proto = cmd->arg1;
                break;
        case O_MACADDR2:
                print_mac(bp, insntoc(cmd, mac));
                break;
        case O_MAC_TYPE:
                print_newports(bp, insntoc(cmd, u16),
                    IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE, cmd->opcode);
                break;
        case O_FRAG:
                print_flags(bp, "frag", cmd, f_ipoff);
                break;
        case O_FIB:
                bprintf(bp, " fib %u", cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_SOCKARG:
                bprintf(bp, " sockarg");
                break;
        case O_IN:
                bprintf(bp, cmd->len & F_NOT ? " out" : " in");
                break;
        case O_DIVERTED:
                switch (cmd->arg1) {
                case 3:
                        bprintf(bp, " diverted");
                        break;
                case 2:
                        bprintf(bp, " diverted-output");
                        break;
                case 1:
                        bprintf(bp, " diverted-loopback");
                        break;
                default:
                        bprintf(bp, " diverted-?<%u>", cmd->arg1);
                        break;
                }
                break;
        case O_LAYER2:
                bprintf(bp, " layer2");
                break;
        case O_XMIT:
        case O_RECV:
        case O_VIA:
                if (cmd->opcode == O_XMIT)
                        s = "xmit";
                else if (cmd->opcode == O_RECV)
                        s = "recv";
                else /* if (cmd->opcode == O_VIA) */
                        s = "via";
                switch (insntoc(cmd, if)->name[0]) {
                case '\0':
                        bprintf(bp, " %s %s", s,
                            inet_ntoa(insntoc(cmd, if)->p.ip));
                        break;
                case '\1':
                        bprintf(bp, " %s table(%s)", s,
                            table_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                            insntoc(cmd, if)->p.kidx));
                        break;
                default:
                        bprintf(bp, " %s %s", s,
                            insntoc(cmd, if)->name);
                }
                break;
        case O_IP_FLOW_LOOKUP:
                s = table_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                    insntoc(cmd, kidx)->kidx);
                bprintf(bp, " flow table(%s", s);
                if (IPFW_LOOKUP_MATCH_TVALUE(cmd) != 0)
                        print_tvalue(bp, insntoc(cmd, lookup));
                bprintf(bp, ")");
                break;
        case O_IPID:
        case O_IPTTL:
        case O_IPLEN:
        case O_TCPDATALEN:
        case O_TCPMSS:
        case O_TCPWIN:
                if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1) {
                        switch (cmd->opcode) {
                        case O_IPID:
                                s = "ipid";
                                break;
                        case O_IPTTL:
                                s = "ipttl";
                                break;
                        case O_IPLEN:
                                s = "iplen";
                                break;
                        case O_TCPDATALEN:
                                s = "tcpdatalen";
                                break;
                        case O_TCPMSS:
                                s = "tcpmss";
                                break;
                        case O_TCPWIN:
                                s = "tcpwin";
                                break;
                        default:
                                s = "<unknown>";
                                break;
                        }
                        bprintf(bp, " %s %u", s, cmd->arg1);
                } else
                        print_newports(bp, insntoc(cmd, u16), 0,
                            cmd->opcode);
                break;
        case O_IPVER:
                bprintf(bp, " ipver %u", cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_IPPRECEDENCE:
                bprintf(bp, " ipprecedence %u", cmd->arg1 >> 5);
                break;
        case O_DSCP:
                print_dscp(bp, insntoc(cmd, u32));
                break;
        case O_IPOPT:
                print_flags(bp, "ipoptions", cmd, f_ipopts);
                break;
        case O_IPTOS:
                print_flags(bp, "iptos", cmd, f_iptos);
                break;
        case O_ICMPTYPE:
                print_icmptypes(bp, insntoc(cmd, u32));
                break;
        case O_ESTAB:
                bprintf(bp, " established");
                break;
        case O_TCPFLAGS:
                print_flags(bp, "tcpflags", cmd, f_tcpflags);
                break;
        case O_TCPOPTS:
                print_flags(bp, "tcpoptions", cmd, f_tcpopts);
                break;
        case O_TCPACK:
                bprintf(bp, " tcpack %d",
                    ntohl(insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]));
                break;
        case O_TCPSEQ:
                bprintf(bp, " tcpseq %d",
                    ntohl(insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]));
                break;
        case O_UID:
                pwd = getpwuid(insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]);
                if (pwd != NULL)
                        bprintf(bp, " uid %s", pwd->pw_name);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, " uid %u",
                            insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]);
                break;
        case O_GID:
                grp = getgrgid(insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]);
                if (grp != NULL)
                        bprintf(bp, " gid %s", grp->gr_name);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, " gid %u",
                            insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]);
                break;
        case O_JAIL:
                bprintf(bp, " jail %d", insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]);
                break;
        case O_VERREVPATH:
                bprintf(bp, " verrevpath");
                break;
        case O_VERSRCREACH:
                bprintf(bp, " versrcreach");
                break;
        case O_ANTISPOOF:
                bprintf(bp, " antispoof");
                break;
        case O_IPSEC:
                bprintf(bp, " ipsec");
                break;
        case O_NOP:
                bprintf(bp, " // %s", (const char *)(cmd + 1));
                break;
        case O_KEEP_STATE:
                if (state->flags & HAVE_PROBE_STATE)
                        bprintf(bp, " keep-state");
                else
                        bprintf(bp, " record-state");
                bprintf(bp, " :%s",
                    object_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                    insntoc(cmd, kidx)->kidx,
                    IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME));
                break;
        case O_LIMIT:
                if (state->flags & HAVE_PROBE_STATE)
                        bprintf(bp, " limit");
                else
                        bprintf(bp, " set-limit");
                print_limit_mask(bp, insntoc(cmd, limit));
                bprintf(bp, " :%s",
                    object_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                    insntoc(cmd, kidx)->kidx,
                    IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME));
                break;
        case O_IP6:
                if (state->flags & HAVE_PROTO)
                        bprintf(bp, " proto");
                bprintf(bp, " ip6");
                break;
        case O_IP4:
                if (state->flags & HAVE_PROTO)
                        bprintf(bp, " proto");
                bprintf(bp, " ip4");
                break;
        case O_ICMP6TYPE:
                print_icmp6types(bp, insntoc(cmd, u32));
                break;
        case O_EXT_HDR:
                print_ext6hdr(bp, cmd);
                break;
        case O_TAGGED:
                if (F_LEN(cmd) == 1)
                        bprint_uint_arg(bp, " tagged ", cmd->arg1);
                else
                        print_newports(bp, insntoc(cmd, u16),
                                    0, O_TAGGED);
                break;
        case O_SKIP_ACTION:
                bprintf(bp, " defer-immediate-action");
                break;
        case O_MARK:
                bprintf(bp, " mark");
                if (cmd->arg1 == IP_FW_TARG)
                        bprintf(bp, " tablearg");
                else
                        bprintf(bp, " %#x", insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]);

                if (insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[1] != 0xFFFFFFFF)
                        bprintf(bp, ":%#x", insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[1]);
                break;

        default:
                bprintf(bp, " [opcode %d len %d]", cmd->opcode,
                    cmd->len);
        }
        if (cmd->len & F_OR) {
                bprintf(bp, " or");
                state->or_block = 1;
        } else if (state->or_block != 0) {
                bprintf(bp, " }");
                state->or_block = 0;
        }
        mark_printed(state, cmd);

        return (1);
}

static ipfw_insn *
print_opcode(struct buf_pr *bp, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct show_state *state, int opcode)
{
        ipfw_insn *cmd;
        int l;

        for (l = state->rule->act_ofs, cmd = state->rule->cmd;
            l > 0; l -= F_LEN(cmd), cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
                /* We use zero opcode to print the rest of options */
                if (opcode >= 0 && cmd->opcode != opcode)
                        continue;
                /*
                 * Skip O_NOP, when we printing the rest
                 * of options, it will be handled separately.
                 */
                if (cmd->opcode == O_NOP && opcode != O_NOP)
                        continue;
                if (!print_instruction(bp, fo, state, cmd))
                        continue;
                return (cmd);
        }
        return (NULL);
}

static void
print_fwd(struct buf_pr *bp, const ipfw_insn *cmd)
{
        char buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN + IF_NAMESIZE + 2];
        const ipfw_insn_sa6 *sa6;
        const ipfw_insn_sa *sa;
        uint16_t port;

        if (cmd->opcode == O_FORWARD_IP) {
                sa = insntoc(cmd, sa);
                port = sa->sa.sin_port;
                if (sa->sa.sin_addr.s_addr == INADDR_ANY)
                        bprintf(bp, "fwd tablearg");
                else
                        bprintf(bp, "fwd %s", inet_ntoa(sa->sa.sin_addr));
        } else {
                sa6 = insntoc(cmd, sa6);
                port = sa6->sa.sin6_port;
                bprintf(bp, "fwd ");
                if (getnameinfo((const struct sockaddr *)&sa6->sa,
                    sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6), buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0,
                    NI_NUMERICHOST) == 0)
                        bprintf(bp, "%s", buf);
        }
        if (port != 0)
                bprintf(bp, ",%u", port);
}

static void
print_logdst(struct buf_pr *bp, uint16_t arg1)
{
        char const *comma = "";

        bprintf(bp, " logdst ");
        if (arg1 & IPFW_LOG_SYSLOG) {
                bprintf(bp, "%ssyslog", comma);
                comma = ",";
        }
        if (arg1 & IPFW_LOG_IPFW0) {
                bprintf(bp, "%sbpf", comma);
                comma = ",";
        }
        if (arg1 & IPFW_LOG_RTSOCK) {
                bprintf(bp, "%srtsock", comma);
                comma = ",";
        }
}

static int
print_action_instruction(struct buf_pr *bp, const struct format_opts *fo,
    struct show_state *state, const ipfw_insn *cmd)
{
        const char *s;

        if (is_printed_opcode(state, cmd))
                return (0);
        switch (cmd->opcode) {
        case O_CHECK_STATE:
                bprintf(bp, "check-state");
                if (insntoc(cmd, kidx)->kidx != 0)
                        s = object_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                            insntoc(cmd, kidx)->kidx,
                            IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME);
                else
                        s = NULL;
                bprintf(bp, " :%s", s ? s: "any");
                break;
        case O_ACCEPT:
                bprintf(bp, "allow");
                break;
        case O_COUNT:
                bprintf(bp, "count");
                break;
        case O_DENY:
                bprintf(bp, "deny");
                break;
        case O_REJECT:
                if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_REJECT_RST)
                        bprintf(bp, "reset");
                else if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_REJECT_ABORT)
                        bprintf(bp, "abort");
                else if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_UNREACH_HOST)
                        bprintf(bp, "reject");
                else if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG &&
                    cmd->len == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u16))
                        bprintf(bp, "needfrag %u",
                            insntoc(cmd, u16)->ports[0]);
                else
                        print_reject_code(bp, cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_UNREACH6:
                if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP6_UNREACH_RST)
                        bprintf(bp, "reset6");
                else if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP6_UNREACH_ABORT)
                        bprintf(bp, "abort6");
                else
                        print_unreach6_code(bp, cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_SKIPTO:
                bprint_uint_arg(bp, "skipto ", insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]);
                break;
        case O_PIPE:
                bprint_uint_arg(bp, "pipe ", cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_QUEUE:
                bprint_uint_arg(bp, "queue ", cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_DIVERT:
                bprint_uint_arg(bp, "divert ", cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_TEE:
                bprint_uint_arg(bp, "tee ", cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_NETGRAPH:
                bprint_uint_arg(bp, "netgraph ", cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_NGTEE:
                bprint_uint_arg(bp, "ngtee ", cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_FORWARD_IP:
        case O_FORWARD_IP6:
                print_fwd(bp, cmd);
                break;
        case O_LOG:
                bprintf(bp, " log");
                if (insntoc(cmd, log)->max_log > 0)
                        bprintf(bp, " logamount %d",
                            insntoc(cmd, log)->max_log);
                if (cmd->arg1 != IPFW_LOG_DEFAULT)
                        print_logdst(bp, cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_ALTQ:
#ifndef NO_ALTQ
                print_altq_cmd(bp, insntoc(cmd, altq));
#endif
                break;
        case O_TAG:
                bprint_uint_arg(bp, cmd->len & F_NOT ? " untag ":
                    " tag ", cmd->arg1);
                break;
        case O_NAT:
                if (cmd->arg1 != IP_FW_NAT44_GLOBAL)
                        bprint_uint_arg(bp, "nat ", cmd->arg1);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, "nat global");
                break;
        case O_SETFIB:
                if (cmd->arg1 == IP_FW_TARG)
                        bprint_uint_arg(bp, "setfib ", cmd->arg1);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, "setfib %u", cmd->arg1 & 0x7FFF);
                break;
        case O_EXTERNAL_ACTION:
                /*
                 * The external action can consists of two following
                 * each other opcodes - O_EXTERNAL_ACTION and
                 * O_EXTERNAL_INSTANCE. The first contains the ID of
                 * name of external action. The second contains the ID
                 * of name of external action instance.
                 * NOTE: in case when external action has no named
                 * instances support, the second opcode isn't needed.
                 */
                state->eaction = insntoc(cmd, kidx);
                s = object_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                    state->eaction->kidx,
                    IPFW_TLV_EACTION);
                if (match_token(rule_eactions, s) != -1)
                        bprintf(bp, "%s", s);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, "eaction %s", s);
                break;
        case O_EXTERNAL_INSTANCE:
                if (state->eaction == NULL)
                        break;
                /*
                 * XXX: we need to teach ipfw(9) to rewrite opcodes
                 * in the user buffer on rule addition. When we add
                 * the rule, we specify zero TLV type for
                 * O_EXTERNAL_INSTANCE object. To show correct
                 * rule after `ipfw add` we need to search instance
                 * name with zero type. But when we do `ipfw show`
                 * we calculate TLV type using IPFW_TLV_EACTION_NAME()
                 * macro.
                 */
                s = object_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                    insntoc(cmd, kidx)->kidx, 0);
                if (s == NULL)
                        s = object_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                            insntoc(cmd, kidx)->kidx, IPFW_TLV_EACTION_NAME(
                            state->eaction->kidx));
                bprintf(bp, " %s", s);
                break;
        case O_EXTERNAL_DATA:
                if (state->eaction == NULL)
                        break;
                /*
                 * Currently we support data formatting only for
                 * external data with datalen u16. For unknown data
                 * print its size in bytes.
                 */
                if (cmd->len == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn))
                        bprintf(bp, " %u", cmd->arg1);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, " %ubytes",
                            (unsigned)(cmd->len * sizeof(uint32_t)));
                break;
        case O_SETDSCP:
                if (cmd->arg1 == IP_FW_TARG) {
                        bprintf(bp, "setdscp tablearg");
                        break;
                }
                s = match_value(f_ipdscp, cmd->arg1 & 0x3F);
                if (s != NULL)
                        bprintf(bp, "setdscp %s", s);
                else
                        bprintf(bp, "setdscp %u", cmd->arg1 & 0x3F);
                break;
        case O_REASS:
                bprintf(bp, "reass");
                break;
        case O_CALLRETURN:
                if (cmd->len & F_NOT) {
                        s = match_value(return_types, cmd->arg1);
                        bprintf(bp, "return %s", s ? s: "<invalid>");
                } else
                        bprint_uint_arg(bp, "call ", insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]);
                break;
        case O_SETMARK:
                if (cmd->arg1 == IP_FW_TARG) {
                        bprintf(bp, "setmark tablearg");
                        break;
                }
                bprintf(bp, "setmark %#x", insntoc(cmd, u32)->d[0]);
                break;
        default:
                bprintf(bp, "** unrecognized action %d len %d ",
                        cmd->opcode, cmd->len);
        }
        mark_printed(state, cmd);

        return (1);
}


static ipfw_insn *
print_action(struct buf_pr *bp, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct show_state *state, uint8_t opcode)
{
        ipfw_insn *cmd;
        int l;

        for (l = state->rule->cmd_len - state->rule->act_ofs,
            cmd = ACTION_PTR(state->rule); l > 0;
            l -= F_LEN(cmd), cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
                if (cmd->opcode != opcode)
                        continue;
                if (!print_action_instruction(bp, fo, state, cmd))
                        continue;
                return (cmd);
        }
        return (NULL);
}

static void
print_proto(struct buf_pr *bp, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct show_state *state)
{
        ipfw_insn *cmd;
        int l, proto, ip4, ip6;

        /* Count all O_PROTO, O_IP4, O_IP6 instructions. */
        proto = ip4 = ip6 = 0;
        for (l = state->rule->act_ofs, cmd = state->rule->cmd;
            l > 0; l -= F_LEN(cmd), cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
                switch (cmd->opcode) {
                case O_PROTO:
                        proto++;
                        break;
                case O_IP4:
                        ip4 = 1;
                        if (cmd->len & F_OR)
                                ip4++;
                        break;
                case O_IP6:
                        ip6 = 1;
                        if (cmd->len & F_OR)
                                ip6++;
                        break;
                default:
                        continue;
                }
        }
        if (proto == 0 && ip4 == 0 && ip6 == 0) {
                state->proto = IPPROTO_IP;
                state->flags |= HAVE_PROTO;
                bprintf(bp, " ip");
                return;
        }
        /* To handle the case { ip4 or ip6 }, print opcode with F_OR first */
        cmd = NULL;
        if (ip4 || ip6)
                cmd = print_opcode(bp, fo, state, ip4 > ip6 ? O_IP4: O_IP6);
        if (cmd != NULL && (cmd->len & F_OR))
                cmd = print_opcode(bp, fo, state, ip4 > ip6 ? O_IP6: O_IP4);
        if (cmd == NULL || (cmd->len & F_OR))
                for (l = proto; l > 0; l--) {
                        cmd = print_opcode(bp, fo, state, O_PROTO);
                        if (cmd == NULL || (cmd->len & F_OR) == 0)
                                break;
                }
        /* Initialize proto, it is used by print_newports() */
        state->flags |= HAVE_PROTO;
        if (state->proto == 0 && ip6 != 0)
                state->proto = IPPROTO_IPV6;
}

static int
match_opcode(int opcode, const int opcodes[], size_t nops)
{
        size_t i;

        for (i = 0; i < nops; i++)
                if (opcode == opcodes[i])
                        return (1);
        return (0);
}

static void
print_address(struct buf_pr *bp, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct show_state *state, const int opcodes[], size_t nops, int portop,
    int flag)
{
        ipfw_insn *cmd;
        int count, l, portcnt, pf;

        count = portcnt = 0;
        for (l = state->rule->act_ofs, cmd = state->rule->cmd;
            l > 0; l -= F_LEN(cmd), cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
                if (match_opcode(cmd->opcode, opcodes, nops)) {
                        /*
                         * Special handling for O_IP_DST_LOOKUP when
                         * lookup type is not LOOKUP_NONE.
                         */
                        if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP &&
                            IPFW_LOOKUP_TYPE(cmd) != LOOKUP_NONE)
                                continue;
                        count++;
                } else if (cmd->opcode == portop)
                        portcnt++;
        }
        if (count == 0)
                bprintf(bp, " any");
        for (l = state->rule->act_ofs, cmd = state->rule->cmd;
            l > 0 && count > 0; l -= F_LEN(cmd), cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
                if (!match_opcode(cmd->opcode, opcodes, nops))
                        continue;
                print_instruction(bp, fo, state, cmd);
                if ((cmd->len & F_OR) == 0)
                        break;
                count--;
        }
        /*
         * If several O_IP_?PORT opcodes specified, leave them to the
         * options section.
         */
        if (portcnt == 1) {
                for (l = state->rule->act_ofs, cmd = state->rule->cmd, pf = 0;
                    l > 0; l -= F_LEN(cmd), cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) {
                        if (cmd->opcode != portop) {
                                pf = (cmd->len & F_OR);
                                continue;
                        }
                        /* Print opcode iff it is not in OR block. */
                        if (pf == 0 && (cmd->len & F_OR) == 0)
                                print_instruction(bp, fo, state, cmd);
                        break;
                }
        }
        state->flags |= flag;
}

static const int action_opcodes[] = {
        O_CHECK_STATE, O_ACCEPT, O_COUNT, O_DENY, O_REJECT,
        O_UNREACH6, O_SKIPTO, O_PIPE, O_QUEUE, O_DIVERT, O_TEE,
        O_NETGRAPH, O_NGTEE, O_FORWARD_IP, O_FORWARD_IP6, O_NAT,
        O_SETFIB, O_SETDSCP, O_REASS, O_CALLRETURN, O_SETMARK,
        /* keep the following opcodes at the end of the list */
        O_EXTERNAL_ACTION, O_EXTERNAL_INSTANCE, O_EXTERNAL_DATA
};

static const int modifier_opcodes[] = {
        O_LOG, O_ALTQ, O_TAG
};

static const int src_opcodes[] = {
        O_IP_SRC, O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP, O_IP_SRC_MASK, O_IP_SRC_ME,
        O_IP_SRC_SET, O_IP6_SRC, O_IP6_SRC_MASK, O_IP6_SRC_ME
};

static const int dst_opcodes[] = {
        O_IP_DST, O_IP_DST_LOOKUP, O_IP_DST_MASK, O_IP_DST_ME,
        O_IP_DST_SET, O_IP6_DST, O_IP6_DST_MASK, O_IP6_DST_ME
};

#if IPFW_DEFAULT_RULE > 65535
#define RULENUM_FORMAT  "%06d"
#else
#define RULENUM_FORMAT  "%05d"
#endif

static void
show_static_rule(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct buf_pr *bp, struct ip_fw_rule *rule, struct ip_fw_bcounter *cntr)
{
        static int twidth = 0;
        struct show_state state;
        ipfw_insn *cmd;
        size_t i;

        /* Print # DISABLED or skip the rule */
        if ((fo->set_mask & (1 << rule->set)) == 0) {
                /* disabled mask */
                if (!co->show_sets)
                        return;
                else
                        bprintf(bp, "# DISABLED ");
        }
        if (init_show_state(&state, rule) != 0) {
                warn("init_show_state() failed");
                return;
        }

        bprintf(bp, RULENUM_FORMAT " ", rule->rulenum);

        /* only if counters are available */
        if (cntr != NULL) {
                /* Print counters if enabled */
                if (fo->pcwidth > 0 || fo->bcwidth > 0) {
                        pr_u64(bp, &cntr->pcnt, fo->pcwidth);
                        pr_u64(bp, &cntr->bcnt, fo->bcwidth);
                }

                /* Print timestamp */
                if (co->do_time == TIMESTAMP_NUMERIC)
                        bprintf(bp, "%10u ", cntr->timestamp);
                else if (co->do_time == TIMESTAMP_STRING) {
                        char timestr[30];
                        time_t t = (time_t)0;

                        if (twidth == 0) {
                                strcpy(timestr, ctime(&t));
                                *strchr(timestr, '\n') = '\0';
                                twidth = strlen(timestr);
                        }
                        if (cntr->timestamp > 0) {
                                t = _long_to_time(cntr->timestamp);

                                strcpy(timestr, ctime(&t));
                                *strchr(timestr, '\n') = '\0';
                                bprintf(bp, "%s ", timestr);
                        } else {
                                bprintf(bp, "%*s ", twidth, "");
                        }
                }
        }

        /* Print set number */
        if (co->show_sets)
                bprintf(bp, "set %d ", rule->set);

        /* Print the optional "match probability" */
        cmd = print_opcode(bp, fo, &state, O_PROB);
        /* Print rule action */
        for (i = 0; i < nitems(action_opcodes); i++) {
                cmd = print_action(bp, fo, &state, action_opcodes[i]);
                if (cmd == NULL)
                        continue;
                /* Handle special cases */
                switch (cmd->opcode) {
                case O_CHECK_STATE:
                        goto end;
                case O_EXTERNAL_ACTION:
                case O_EXTERNAL_INSTANCE:
                        /* External action can have several instructions */
                        continue;
                }
                break;
        }
        /* Print rule modifiers */
        for (i = 0; i < nitems(modifier_opcodes); i++)
                print_action(bp, fo, &state, modifier_opcodes[i]);
        /*
         * Print rule body
         */
        if (co->comment_only != 0)
                goto end;

        if (rule->flags & IPFW_RULE_JUSTOPTS) {
                state.flags |= HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_DSTIP;
                /*
                 * Print `proto ip` if all opcodes has been already printed.
                 */
                if (memchr(state.printed, 0, rule->act_ofs) == NULL) {
                        bprintf(bp, " proto ip");
                        goto end;
                }
                goto justopts;
        }

        print_proto(bp, fo, &state);
        if (co->do_compact != 0 && (rule->flags & IPFW_RULE_NOOPT))
                goto justopts;

        /* Print source */
        bprintf(bp, " from");
        print_address(bp, fo, &state, src_opcodes, nitems(src_opcodes),
            O_IP_SRCPORT, HAVE_SRCIP);

        /* Print destination */
        bprintf(bp, " to");
        print_address(bp, fo, &state, dst_opcodes, nitems(dst_opcodes),
            O_IP_DSTPORT, HAVE_DSTIP);

justopts:
        /* Print the rest of options */
        while (print_opcode(bp, fo, &state, -1))
                ;
end:
        /* Print comment at the end */
        cmd = print_opcode(bp, fo, &state, O_NOP);
        if (co->comment_only != 0 && cmd == NULL)
                bprintf(bp, " // ...");
        bprintf(bp, "\n");
        free_show_state(&state);
}

static void
show_dyn_state(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct buf_pr *bp, ipfw_dyn_rule *d)
{
        struct protoent *pe;
        struct in_addr a;
        char buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];

        if (!d->expire && !(d->type == O_LIMIT_PARENT))
                return;

        bprintf(bp, RULENUM_FORMAT, d->rulenum);
        if (fo->pcwidth > 0 || fo->bcwidth > 0) {
                bprintf(bp, " ");
                pr_u64(bp, &d->pcnt, fo->pcwidth);
                pr_u64(bp, &d->bcnt, fo->bcwidth);
                bprintf(bp, "(%ds)", d->expire);
        }
        switch (d->type) {
        case O_LIMIT_PARENT:
                bprintf(bp, " PARENT %u", d->count);
                break;
        case O_LIMIT:
                bprintf(bp, " LIMIT");
                break;
        case O_KEEP_STATE: /* bidir, no mask */
                bprintf(bp, " STATE");
                break;
        }

        if ((pe = getprotobynumber(d->id.proto)) != NULL)
                bprintf(bp, " %s", pe->p_name);
        else
                bprintf(bp, " proto %u", d->id.proto);

        if (d->id.addr_type == 4) {
                a.s_addr = htonl(d->id.src_ip);
                bprintf(bp, " %s %d", inet_ntoa(a), d->id.src_port);

                a.s_addr = htonl(d->id.dst_ip);
                bprintf(bp, " <-> %s %d", inet_ntoa(a), d->id.dst_port);
        } else if (d->id.addr_type == 6) {
                bprintf(bp, " %s %d", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &d->id.src_ip6, buf,
                    sizeof(buf)), d->id.src_port);
                bprintf(bp, " <-> %s %d", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &d->id.dst_ip6,
                    buf, sizeof(buf)), d->id.dst_port);
        } else
                bprintf(bp, " UNKNOWN <-> UNKNOWN");
        if (d->kidx != 0)
                bprintf(bp, " :%s", object_search_ctlv(fo->tstate,
                    d->kidx, IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME));

#define BOTH_SYN        (TH_SYN | (TH_SYN << 8))
#define BOTH_FIN        (TH_FIN | (TH_FIN << 8))
        if (co->verbose) {
                bprintf(bp, " state 0x%08x%s", d->state,
                    d->state ? " ": ",");
                if (d->state & IPFW_DYN_ORPHANED)
                        bprintf(bp, "ORPHANED,");
                if ((d->state & BOTH_SYN) == BOTH_SYN)
                        bprintf(bp, "BOTH_SYN,");
                else {
                        if (d->state & TH_SYN)
                                bprintf(bp, "F_SYN,");
                        if (d->state & (TH_SYN << 8))
                                bprintf(bp, "R_SYN,");
                }
                if ((d->state & BOTH_FIN) == BOTH_FIN)
                        bprintf(bp, "BOTH_FIN,");
                else {
                        if (d->state & TH_FIN)
                                bprintf(bp, "F_FIN,");
                        if (d->state & (TH_FIN << 8))
                                bprintf(bp, "R_FIN,");
                }
                bprintf(bp, " f_ack 0x%x, r_ack 0x%x", d->ack_fwd,
                    d->ack_rev);
        }
}

static int
do_range_cmd(int cmd, ipfw_range_tlv *rt)
{
        ipfw_range_header rh;
        size_t sz;

        memset(&rh, 0, sizeof(rh));
        memcpy(&rh.range, rt, sizeof(*rt));
        rh.range.head.length = sizeof(*rt);
        rh.range.head.type = IPFW_TLV_RANGE;
        sz = sizeof(rh);

        if (do_get3(cmd, &rh.opheader, &sz) != 0)
                return (-1);
        /* Save number of matched objects */
        rt->new_set = rh.range.new_set;
        return (0);
}

/*
 * This one handles all set-related commands
 *      ipfw set { show | enable | disable }
 *      ipfw set swap X Y
 *      ipfw set move X to Y
 *      ipfw set move rule X to Y
 */
void
ipfw_sets_handler(char *av[])
{
        ipfw_range_tlv rt;
        const char *msg;
        size_t size;
        uint32_t masks[2], rulenum;
        int i;
        uint8_t cmd;

        av++;
        memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(rt));

        if (av[0] == NULL)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "set needs command");
        if (_substrcmp(*av, "show") == 0) {
                struct format_opts fo;
                ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg;

                memset(&fo, 0, sizeof(fo));
                if (ipfw_get_config(&g_co, &fo, &cfg, &size) != 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "requesting config failed");

                for (i = 0, msg = "disable"; i < RESVD_SET; i++)
                        if ((cfg->set_mask & (1<<i)) == 0) {
                                printf("%s %d", msg, i);
                                msg = "";
                        }
                msg = (cfg->set_mask != (uint32_t)-1) ? " enable" : "enable";
                for (i = 0; i < RESVD_SET; i++)
                        if ((cfg->set_mask & (1<<i)) != 0) {
                                printf("%s %d", msg, i);
                                msg = "";
                        }
                printf("\n");
                free(cfg);
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "swap") == 0) {
                av++;
                if ( av[0] == NULL || av[1] == NULL )
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "set swap needs 2 set numbers\n");
                rt.set = atoi(av[0]);
                rt.new_set = atoi(av[1]);
                if (!isdigit(*(av[0])) || rt.set > RESVD_SET)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set number %s\n", av[0]);
                if (!isdigit(*(av[1])) || rt.new_set > RESVD_SET)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set number %s\n", av[1]);
                i = do_range_cmd(IP_FW_SET_SWAP, &rt);
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "move") == 0) {
                av++;
                if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "rule") == 0) {
                        rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_RANGE; /* move rules to new set */
                        cmd = IP_FW_XMOVE;
                        av++;
                } else
                        cmd = IP_FW_SET_MOVE; /* Move set to new one */
                if (av[0] == NULL || av[1] == NULL || av[2] == NULL ||
                                av[3] != NULL ||  _substrcmp(av[1], "to") != 0)
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "syntax: set move [rule] X to Y\n");
                rulenum = (uint32_t)strtoul(av[0], NULL, 10);
                rt.new_set = atoi(av[2]);
                if (cmd == IP_FW_XMOVE) {
                        rt.start_rule = rulenum;
                        rt.end_rule = rulenum;
                } else
                        rt.set = rulenum;
                rt.new_set = atoi(av[2]);
                if (!isdigit(*(av[0])) || (cmd == 3 && rt.set > RESVD_SET) ||
                        (cmd == 2 && rt.start_rule == IPFW_DEFAULT_RULE) )
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid source number %s\n", av[0]);
                if (!isdigit(*(av[2])) || rt.new_set > RESVD_SET)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid dest. set %s\n", av[1]);
                i = do_range_cmd(cmd, &rt);
                if (i < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "failed to move %s",
                            cmd == IP_FW_SET_MOVE ? "set": "rule");
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "disable") == 0 ||
                   _substrcmp(*av, "enable") == 0 ) {
                int which = _substrcmp(*av, "enable") == 0 ? 1 : 0;

                av++;
                masks[0] = masks[1] = 0;

                while (av[0]) {
                        if (isdigit(**av)) {
                                i = atoi(*av);
                                if (i < 0 || i > RESVD_SET)
                                        errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                            "invalid set number %d\n", i);
                                masks[which] |= (1<<i);
                        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "disable") == 0)
                                which = 0;
                        else if (_substrcmp(*av, "enable") == 0)
                                which = 1;
                        else
                                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                        "invalid set command %s\n", *av);
                        av++;
                }
                if ( (masks[0] & masks[1]) != 0 )
                        errx(EX_DATAERR,
                            "cannot enable and disable the same set\n");

                rt.set = masks[0];
                rt.new_set = masks[1];
                i = do_range_cmd(IP_FW_SET_ENABLE, &rt);
                if (i)
                        warn("set enable/disable: setsockopt(IP_FW_SET_ENABLE)");
        } else
                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid set command %s\n", *av);
}

static void
manage_skipto_cache(int op)
{
        ipfw_cmd_header req;

        memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
        req.size = sizeof(req);
        req.cmd = op ? SKIPTO_CACHE_ENABLE : SKIPTO_CACHE_DISABLE;

        do_set3(IP_FW_SKIPTO_CACHE, &req.opheader, sizeof(req));
}

void
ipfw_sysctl_handler(char *av[], int which)
{
        av++;

        if (av[0] == NULL) {
                warnx("missing keyword to enable/disable\n");
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "firewall") == 0) {
                sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.enable", NULL, 0,
                    &which, sizeof(which));
                sysctlbyname("net.inet6.ip6.fw.enable", NULL, 0,
                    &which, sizeof(which));
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "one_pass") == 0) {
                sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass", NULL, 0,
                    &which, sizeof(which));
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "debug") == 0) {
                sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.debug", NULL, 0,
                    &which, sizeof(which));
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "verbose") == 0) {
                sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.verbose", NULL, 0,
                    &which, sizeof(which));
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "dyn_keepalive") == 0) {
                sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_keepalive", NULL, 0,
                    &which, sizeof(which));
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "skipto_cache") == 0) {
                manage_skipto_cache(which);
#ifndef NO_ALTQ
        } else if (_substrcmp(*av, "altq") == 0) {
                altq_set_enabled(which);
#endif
        } else {
                warnx("unrecognize enable/disable keyword: %s\n", *av);
        }
}

typedef void state_cb(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    void *arg, void *state);

static void
prepare_format_dyn(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    void *arg __unused, void *_state)
{
        ipfw_dyn_rule *d;
        int width;

        d = (ipfw_dyn_rule *)_state;
        /* Count _ALL_ states */
        fo->dcnt++;

        if (fo->show_counters == 0)
                return;

        /* skip states from another set */
        if (co->use_set != 0 && d->set != co->use_set - 1)
                return;

        width = pr_u64(NULL, &d->pcnt, 0);
        if (width > fo->pcwidth)
                fo->pcwidth = width;

        width = pr_u64(NULL, &d->bcnt, 0);
        if (width > fo->bcwidth)
                fo->bcwidth = width;
}

static int
foreach_state(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    caddr_t base, size_t sz, state_cb dyn_bc, void *dyn_arg)
{
        int ttype;
        state_cb *fptr;
        void *farg;
        ipfw_obj_tlv *tlv;
        ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv;

        fptr = NULL;
        ttype = 0;

        while (sz > 0) {
                ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)base;
                switch (ctlv->head.type) {
                case IPFW_TLV_DYNSTATE_LIST:
                        base += sizeof(*ctlv);
                        sz -= sizeof(*ctlv);
                        ttype = IPFW_TLV_DYN_ENT;
                        fptr = dyn_bc;
                        farg = dyn_arg;
                        break;
                default:
                        return (sz);
                }

                while (sz > 0) {
                        tlv = (ipfw_obj_tlv *)base;
                        if (tlv->type != ttype)
                                break;

                        fptr(co, fo, farg, tlv + 1);
                        sz -= tlv->length;
                        base += tlv->length;
                }
        }

        return (sz);
}

static void
prepare_format_opts(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_obj_tlv *rtlv, int rcnt, caddr_t dynbase, size_t dynsz)
{
        int bcwidth, pcwidth, width;
        int n;
        struct ip_fw_bcounter *cntr;
        struct ip_fw_rule *r;

        bcwidth = 0;
        pcwidth = 0;
        if (fo->show_counters != 0) {
                for (n = 0; n < rcnt; n++,
                    rtlv = (ipfw_obj_tlv *)((caddr_t)rtlv + rtlv->length)) {
                        cntr = (struct ip_fw_bcounter *)(rtlv + 1);
                        r = (struct ip_fw_rule *)((caddr_t)cntr + cntr->size);
                        /* skip rules from another set */
                        if (co->use_set && r->set != co->use_set - 1)
                                continue;

                        /* packet counter */
                        width = pr_u64(NULL, &cntr->pcnt, 0);
                        if (width > pcwidth)
                                pcwidth = width;

                        /* byte counter */
                        width = pr_u64(NULL, &cntr->bcnt, 0);
                        if (width > bcwidth)
                                bcwidth = width;
                }
        }
        fo->bcwidth = bcwidth;
        fo->pcwidth = pcwidth;

        fo->dcnt = 0;
        if (co->do_dynamic && dynsz > 0)
                foreach_state(co, fo, dynbase, dynsz, prepare_format_dyn, NULL);
}

static int
list_static_range(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct buf_pr *bp, ipfw_obj_tlv *rtlv, int rcnt)
{
        int n, seen;
        struct ip_fw_rule *r;
        struct ip_fw_bcounter *cntr;

        for (n = seen = 0; n < rcnt; n++,
            rtlv = (ipfw_obj_tlv *)((caddr_t)rtlv + rtlv->length)) {

                if ((fo->show_counters | fo->show_time) != 0) {
                        cntr = (struct ip_fw_bcounter *)(rtlv + 1);
                        r = (struct ip_fw_rule *)((caddr_t)cntr + cntr->size);
                } else {
                        cntr = NULL;
                        r = (struct ip_fw_rule *)(rtlv + 1);
                }
                if (r->rulenum > fo->last)
                        break;
                if (co->use_set && r->set != co->use_set - 1)
                        continue;
                if (r->rulenum >= fo->first && r->rulenum <= fo->last) {
                        show_static_rule(co, fo, bp, r, cntr);
                        printf("%s", bp->buf);
                        bp_flush(bp);
                        seen++;
                }
        }

        return (seen);
}

static void
list_dyn_state(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    void *_arg, void *_state)
{
        ipfw_dyn_rule *d;
        struct buf_pr *bp;

        d = (ipfw_dyn_rule *)_state;
        bp = (struct buf_pr *)_arg;

        if (d->rulenum > fo->last)
                return;
        if (co->use_set != 0 && d->set != co->use_set - 1)
                return;
        if (d->rulenum >= fo->first) {
                show_dyn_state(co, fo, bp, d);
                printf("%s\n", bp->buf);
                bp_flush(bp);
        }
}

static int
list_dyn_range(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    struct buf_pr *bp, caddr_t base, size_t sz)
{

        sz = foreach_state(co, fo, base, sz, list_dyn_state, bp);
        return (sz);
}

void
ipfw_list(int ac, char *av[], int show_counters)
{
        ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg;
        struct format_opts sfo;
        size_t sz;
        int error;
        int lac;
        char **lav;
        uint32_t rnum;
        char *endptr;

        if (g_co.test_only) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Testing only, list disabled\n");
                return;
        }
        if (g_co.do_pipe) {
                dummynet_list(ac, av, show_counters);
                return;
        }

        ac--;
        av++;
        memset(&sfo, 0, sizeof(sfo));

        /* Determine rule range to request */
        if (ac > 0) {
                for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) {
                        rnum = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10);
                        if (sfo.first == 0 || rnum < sfo.first)
                                sfo.first = rnum;

                        if (*endptr == '-')
                                rnum = strtoul(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
                        if (sfo.last == 0 || rnum > sfo.last)
                                sfo.last = rnum;
                }
        }

        /* get configuration from kernel */
        cfg = NULL;
        sfo.show_counters = show_counters;
        sfo.show_time = g_co.do_time;
        if (g_co.do_dynamic != 2)
                sfo.flags |= IPFW_CFG_GET_STATIC;
        if (g_co.do_dynamic != 0)
                sfo.flags |= IPFW_CFG_GET_STATES;
        if ((sfo.show_counters | sfo.show_time) != 0)
                sfo.flags |= IPFW_CFG_GET_COUNTERS;
        if (ipfw_get_config(&g_co, &sfo, &cfg, &sz) != 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "retrieving config failed");

        error = ipfw_show_config(&g_co, &sfo, cfg, sz, ac, av);

        free(cfg);

        if (error != EX_OK)
                exit(error);
}

static int
ipfw_show_config(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg, size_t sz, int ac, char *av[])
{
        caddr_t dynbase;
        size_t dynsz;
        int rcnt;
        int exitval = EX_OK;
        int lac;
        char **lav;
        char *endptr;
        size_t readsz;
        struct buf_pr bp;
        ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv;
        ipfw_obj_tlv *rbase;

        /*
         * Handle tablenames TLV first, if any
         */
        rbase = NULL;
        dynbase = NULL;
        dynsz = 0;
        readsz = sizeof(*cfg);
        rcnt = 0;

        fo->set_mask = cfg->set_mask;

        ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)(cfg + 1);
        if (ctlv->head.type == IPFW_TLV_TBLNAME_LIST) {
                object_sort_ctlv(ctlv);
                fo->tstate = ctlv;
                readsz += ctlv->head.length;
                ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)((caddr_t)ctlv + ctlv->head.length);
        }

        if (cfg->flags & IPFW_CFG_GET_STATIC) {
                /* We've requested static rules */
                if (ctlv->head.type == IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST) {
                        rbase = (ipfw_obj_tlv *)(ctlv + 1);
                        rcnt = ctlv->count;
                        readsz += ctlv->head.length;
                        ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)((caddr_t)ctlv +
                            ctlv->head.length);
                }
        }

        if ((cfg->flags & IPFW_CFG_GET_STATES) && (readsz != sz))  {
                /* We may have some dynamic states */
                dynsz = sz - readsz;
                /* Skip empty header */
                if (dynsz != sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv))
                        dynbase = (caddr_t)ctlv;
                else
                        dynsz = 0;
        }

        prepare_format_opts(co, fo, rbase, rcnt, dynbase, dynsz);
        bp_alloc(&bp, 4096);

        /* if no rule numbers were specified, list all rules */
        if (ac == 0) {
                fo->first = 0;
                fo->last = IPFW_DEFAULT_RULE;
                if (cfg->flags & IPFW_CFG_GET_STATIC)
                        list_static_range(co, fo, &bp, rbase, rcnt);

                if (co->do_dynamic && dynsz > 0) {
                        printf("## Dynamic rules (%d %zu):\n", fo->dcnt,
                            dynsz);
                        list_dyn_range(co, fo, &bp, dynbase, dynsz);
                }

                bp_free(&bp);
                return (EX_OK);
        }

        /* display specific rules requested on command line */
        for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) {
                /* convert command line rule # */
                fo->last = fo->first = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10);
                if (*endptr == '-')
                        fo->last = strtoul(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
                if (*endptr) {
                        exitval = EX_USAGE;
                        warnx("invalid rule number: %s", *(lav - 1));
                        continue;
                }

                if ((cfg->flags & IPFW_CFG_GET_STATIC) == 0)
                        continue;

                if (list_static_range(co, fo, &bp, rbase, rcnt) == 0) {
                        /* give precedence to other error(s) */
                        if (exitval == EX_OK)
                                exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
                        if (fo->first == fo->last)
                                warnx("rule %u does not exist", fo->first);
                        else
                                warnx("no rules in range %u-%u",
                                    fo->first, fo->last);
                }
        }

        if (co->do_dynamic && dynsz > 0) {
                printf("## Dynamic rules:\n");
                for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) {
                        fo->last = fo->first = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10);
                        if (*endptr == '-')
                                fo->last = strtoul(endptr+1, &endptr, 10);
                        if (*endptr)
                                /* already warned */
                                continue;
                        list_dyn_range(co, fo, &bp, dynbase, dynsz);
                }
        }

        bp_free(&bp);
        return (exitval);
}


/*
 * Retrieves current ipfw configuration of given type
 * and stores its pointer to @pcfg.
 *
 * Caller is responsible for freeing @pcfg.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */

static int
ipfw_get_config(struct cmdline_opts *co, struct format_opts *fo,
    ipfw_cfg_lheader **pcfg, size_t *psize)
{
        ipfw_cfg_lheader *cfg;
        size_t sz;
        int i;


        if (co->test_only != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Testing only, list disabled\n");
                return (0);
        }

        /* Start with some data size */
        sz = 4096;
        cfg = NULL;

        for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
                if (cfg != NULL)
                        free(cfg);
                if ((cfg = calloc(1, sz)) == NULL)
                        return (ENOMEM);

                cfg->flags = fo->flags;
                cfg->start_rule = fo->first;
                cfg->end_rule = fo->last;

                if (do_get3(IP_FW_XGET, &cfg->opheader, &sz) != 0) {
                        if (errno != ENOMEM) {
                                free(cfg);
                                return (errno);
                        }

                        /* Buffer size is not enough. Try to increase */
                        sz = sz * 2;
                        if (sz < cfg->size)
                                sz = cfg->size;
                        continue;
                }

                *pcfg = cfg;
                *psize = sz;
                return (0);
        }

        free(cfg);
        return (ENOMEM);
}

static int
lookup_host (char *host, struct in_addr *ipaddr)
{
        struct hostent *he;

        if (!inet_aton(host, ipaddr)) {
                if ((he = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL)
                        return(-1);
                *ipaddr = *(struct in_addr *)he->h_addr_list[0];
        }
        return(0);
}

struct tidx {
        ipfw_obj_ntlv *idx;
        uint32_t count;
        uint32_t size;
        uint16_t counter;
        uint8_t set;
};

int
ipfw_check_object_name(const char *name)
{
        int c, i, l;

        /*
         * Check that name is null-terminated and contains
         * valid symbols only. Valid mask is:
         * [a-zA-Z0-9\-_\.]{1,63}
         */
        l = strlen(name);
        if (l == 0 || l >= 64)
                return (EINVAL);
        for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
                c = name[i];
                if (isalpha(c) || isdigit(c) || c == '_' ||
                    c == '-' || c == '.')
                        continue;
                return (EINVAL);
        }
        return (0);
}

static const char *default_state_name = "default";

static int
state_check_name(const char *name)
{

        if (ipfw_check_object_name(name) != 0)
                return (EINVAL);
        if (strcmp(name, "any") == 0)
                return (EINVAL);
        return (0);
}

static int
eaction_check_name(const char *name)
{

        if (ipfw_check_object_name(name) != 0)
                return (EINVAL);
        /* Restrict some 'special' names */
        if (match_token(rule_actions, name) != -1 &&
            match_token(rule_action_params, name) != -1)
                return (EINVAL);
        return (0);
}

static uint32_t
pack_object(struct tidx *tstate, const char *name, int otype)
{
        ipfw_obj_ntlv *ntlv;
        uint32_t i;

        for (i = 0; i < tstate->count; i++) {
                if (strcmp(tstate->idx[i].name, name) != 0)
                        continue;
                if (tstate->idx[i].set != tstate->set)
                        continue;
                if (tstate->idx[i].head.type != otype)
                        continue;

                return (tstate->idx[i].idx);
        }

        if (tstate->count + 1 > tstate->size) {
                tstate->size += 4;
                tstate->idx = realloc(tstate->idx, tstate->size *
                    sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv));
                if (tstate->idx == NULL)
                        return (0);
        }

        ntlv = &tstate->idx[i];
        memset(ntlv, 0, sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv));
        strlcpy(ntlv->name, name, sizeof(ntlv->name));
        ntlv->head.type = otype;
        ntlv->head.length = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv);
        ntlv->set = tstate->set;
        ntlv->idx = ++tstate->counter;
        tstate->count++;

        return (ntlv->idx);
}

static uint32_t
pack_table(struct tidx *tstate, const char *name)
{

        if (table_check_name(name) != 0)
                return (0);

        return (pack_object(tstate, name, IPFW_TLV_TBL_NAME));
}

/*
 * Parse table(NAME, value) and table(NAME,key=value)
 */
static void
fill_table_value(ipfw_insn_lookup *cmd, char *s)
{
        char *p;
        int i;

        p = strchr(s, '=');
        if (p != NULL) {
                *p++ = '\0';
                i = match_token(tvalue_names, s);
                if (i == -1)
                        errx(EX_USAGE,
                            "format: unknown table value name %s", s);
        } else {
                i = TVALUE_TAG;
                p = s;
        }

        IPFW_SET_TVALUE_TYPE(&cmd->o, i);

        if (i == TVALUE_NH6) {
                if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, p, &cmd->ip6) != 1)
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid IPv6 address provided");
        /* mask in a dotted-quad notation */
        } else if (strchr(p, '.') != NULL) {
                if (inet_aton(p, &cmd->ip4) != 1)
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid IPv4 address provided");
                if (i == TVALUE_NH4)
                        return;
                cmd->u32 = ntohl(cmd->u32);
        } else
                cmd->u32 = strtoul(p, NULL, 0);
}

void
fill_table(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, uint8_t opcode, struct tidx *tstate)
{
        ipfw_insn_kidx *c = insntod(cmd, kidx);
        char *p;

        if ((p = strchr(av + 6, ')')) == NULL)
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "forgotten parenthesis: '%s'", av);
        *p = '\0';
        p = strchr(av + 6, ',');
        if (p)
                *p++ = '\0';

        if ((c->kidx = pack_table(tstate, av + 6)) == 0)
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid table name: %s", av + 6);

        cmd->opcode = opcode;
        if (p) {
                cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_lookup);
                IPFW_SET_LOOKUP_MATCH_TVALUE(cmd, 1);
                fill_table_value(insntod(cmd, lookup), p);
        } else {
                /* table(NAME) */
                IPFW_SET_LOOKUP_TYPE(cmd, LOOKUP_NONE);
                cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_kidx);
        }
}

/*
 * fills the addr and mask fields in the instruction as appropriate from av.
 * Update length as appropriate.
 * The following formats are allowed:
 *      me      returns O_IP_*_ME
 *      1.2.3.4         single IP address
 *      1.2.3.4:5.6.7.8 address:mask
 *      1.2.3.4/24      address/mask
 *      1.2.3.4/26{1,6,5,4,23}  set of addresses in a subnet
 * We can have multiple comma-separated address/mask entries.
 */
static void
fill_ip(ipfw_insn_ip *cmd, char *av, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
        int len = 0;
        uint32_t *d = ((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd)->d;

        cmd->o.len &= ~F_LEN_MASK;      /* zero len */

        if (_substrcmp(av, "any") == 0)
                return;

        if (_substrcmp(av, "me") == 0) {
                cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn);
                return;
        }

        if (strncmp(av, "table(", 6) == 0) {
                fill_table(&cmd->o, av, O_IP_DST_LOOKUP, tstate);
                return;
        }

    while (av) {
        /*
         * After the address we can have '/' or ':' indicating a mask,
         * ',' indicating another address follows, '{' indicating a
         * set of addresses of unspecified size.
         */
        char *t = NULL, *p = strpbrk(av, "/:,{");
        int masklen;
        char md, nd = '\0';

        CHECK_LENGTH(cblen, (int)F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn) + 2 + len);

        if (p) {
                md = *p;
                *p++ = '\0';
                if ((t = strpbrk(p, ",{")) != NULL) {
                        nd = *t;
                        *t = '\0';
                }
        } else
                md = '\0';

        if (lookup_host(av, (struct in_addr *)&d[0]) != 0)
                errx(EX_NOHOST, "hostname ``%s'' unknown", av);
        switch (md) {
        case ':':
                if (!inet_aton(p, (struct in_addr *)&d[1]))
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad netmask ``%s''", p);
                break;
        case '/':
                masklen = atoi(p);
                if (masklen == 0)
                        d[1] = htonl(0U);       /* mask */
                else if (masklen > 32)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad width ``%s''", p);
                else
                        d[1] = htonl(~0U << (32 - masklen));
                break;
        case '{':       /* no mask, assume /24 and put back the '{' */
                d[1] = htonl(~0U << (32 - 24));
                *(--p) = md;
                break;

        case ',':       /* single address plus continuation */
                *(--p) = md;
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case 0:         /* initialization value */
        default:
                d[1] = htonl(~0U);      /* force /32 */
                break;
        }
        d[0] &= d[1];           /* mask base address with mask */
        if (t)
                *t = nd;
        /* find next separator */
        if (p)
                p = strpbrk(p, ",{");
        if (p && *p == '{') {
                /*
                 * We have a set of addresses. They are stored as follows:
                 *   arg1       is the set size (powers of 2, 2..256)
                 *   addr       is the base address IN HOST FORMAT
                 *   mask..     is an array of arg1 bits (rounded up to
                 *              the next multiple of 32) with bits set
                 *              for each host in the map.
                 */
                uint32_t *map = (uint32_t *)&cmd->mask;
                int low, high;
                int i = contigmask((uint8_t *)&(d[1]), 32);

                if (len > 0)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "address set cannot be in a list");
                if (i < 24 || i > 31)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set with mask %d\n", i);
                cmd->o.arg1 = 1<<(32-i);        /* map length           */
                d[0] = ntohl(d[0]);             /* base addr in host format */
                cmd->o.opcode = O_IP_DST_SET;   /* default */
                cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + (cmd->o.arg1+31)/32;
                for (i = 0; i < (cmd->o.arg1+31)/32 ; i++)
                        map[i] = 0;     /* clear map */

                av = p + 1;
                low = d[0] & 0xff;
                high = low + cmd->o.arg1 - 1;
                /*
                 * Here, i stores the previous value when we specify a range
                 * of addresses within a mask, e.g. 45-63. i = -1 means we
                 * have no previous value.
                 */
                i = -1; /* previous value in a range */
                while (isdigit(*av)) {
                        char *s;
                        int a = strtol(av, &s, 0);

                        if (s == av) { /* no parameter */
                            if (*av != '}')
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "set not closed\n");
                            if (i != -1)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "incomplete range %d-", i);
                            break;
                        }
                        if (a < low || a > high)
                            errx(EX_DATAERR, "addr %d out of range [%d-%d]\n",
                                a, low, high);
                        a -= low;
                        if (i == -1)    /* no previous in range */
                            i = a;
                        else {          /* check that range is valid */
                            if (i > a)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid range %d-%d",
                                        i+low, a+low);
                            if (*s == '-')
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "double '-' in range");
                        }
                        for (; i <= a; i++)
                            map[i/32] |= 1<<(i & 31);
                        i = -1;
                        if (*s == '-')
                            i = a;
                        else if (*s == '}')
                            break;
                        av = s+1;
                }
                return;
        }
        av = p;
        if (av)                 /* then *av must be a ',' */
                av++;

        /* Check this entry */
        if (d[1] == 0) { /* "any", specified as x.x.x.x/0 */
                /*
                 * 'any' turns the entire list into a NOP.
                 * 'not any' never matches, so it is removed from the
                 * list unless it is the only item, in which case we
                 * report an error.
                 */
                if (cmd->o.len & F_NOT) {       /* "not any" never matches */
                        if (av == NULL && len == 0) /* only this entry */
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "not any never matches");
                }
                /* else do nothing and skip this entry */
                return;
        }
        /* A single IP can be stored in an optimized format */
        if (d[1] == (uint32_t)~0 && av == NULL && len == 0) {
                cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
                return;
        }
        len += 2;       /* two words... */
        d += 2;
    } /* end while */
    if (len + 1 > F_LEN_MASK)
        errx(EX_DATAERR, "address list too long");
    cmd->o.len |= len+1;
}


/* n2mask sets n bits of the mask */
void
n2mask(struct in6_addr *mask, int n)
{
        static int      minimask[9] =
            { 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0xfe, 0xff };
        u_char          *p;

        memset(mask, 0, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
        p = (u_char *) mask;
        for (; n > 0; p++, n -= 8) {
                if (n >= 8)
                        *p = 0xff;
                else
                        *p = minimask[n];
        }
        return;
}

static void
fill_flags_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd, enum ipfw_opcodes opcode,
        struct _s_x *flags, char *p)
{
        char *e;
        uint32_t set = 0, clear = 0;

        if (fill_flags(flags, p, &e, &set, &clear) != 0)
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid flag %s", e);

        cmd->opcode = opcode;
        cmd->len =  (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | 1;
        cmd->arg1 = (set & 0xff) | ( (clear & 0xff) << 8);
}


void
ipfw_delete(char *av[])
{
        ipfw_range_tlv rt;
        char *sep;
        uint32_t i, j;
        int exitval = EX_OK;
        int do_set = 0;

        av++;
        NEED1("missing rule specification");
        if ( *av && _substrcmp(*av, "set") == 0) {
                /* Do not allow using the following syntax:
                 *      ipfw set N delete set M
                 */
                if (g_co.use_set)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid syntax");
                do_set = 1;     /* delete set */
                av++;
        }

        /* Rule number */
        while (*av && isdigit(**av)) {
                i = strtol(*av, &sep, 10);
                j = i;
                if (*sep== '-')
                        j = strtol(sep + 1, NULL, 10);
                av++;
                if (g_co.do_nat) {
                        exitval = ipfw_delete_nat(i);
                } else if (g_co.do_pipe) {
                        exitval = ipfw_delete_pipe(g_co.do_pipe, i);
                } else {
                        memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(rt));
                        if (do_set != 0) {
                                rt.set = i & 31;
                                rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_SET;
                        } else {
                                rt.start_rule = i;
                                rt.end_rule = j;
                                if (rt.start_rule == 0 && rt.end_rule == 0)
                                        rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_ALL;
                                else
                                        rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_RANGE;
                                if (g_co.use_set != 0) {
                                        rt.set = g_co.use_set - 1;
                                        rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_SET;
                                }
                        }
                        if (g_co.do_dynamic == 2)
                                rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_DYNAMIC;
                        i = do_range_cmd(IP_FW_XDEL, &rt);
                        if (i != 0) {
                                exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
                                if (g_co.do_quiet)
                                        continue;
                                warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_FW_XDEL)",
                                    rt.start_rule);
                        } else if (rt.new_set == 0 && do_set == 0 &&
                            g_co.do_dynamic != 2) {
                                exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
                                if (g_co.do_quiet)
                                        continue;
                                if (rt.start_rule != rt.end_rule)
                                        warnx("no rules in %u-%u range",
                                            rt.start_rule, rt.end_rule);
                                else
                                        warnx("rule %u not found",
                                            rt.start_rule);
                        }
                }
        }
        if (exitval != EX_OK && g_co.do_force == 0)
                exit(exitval);
}

/*
 * fill the interface structure. We do not check the name as we can
 * create interfaces dynamically, so checking them at insert time
 * makes relatively little sense.
 * Interface names containing '*', '?', or '[' are assumed to be shell
 * patterns which match interfaces.
 */
static void
fill_iface(ipfw_insn_if *cmd, char *arg, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
        char *p;
        uint32_t uidx;

        cmd->name[0] = '\0';
        cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_if);

        CHECK_CMDLEN;

        /* Parse the interface or address */
        if (strcmp(arg, "any") == 0)
                cmd->o.len = 0;         /* effectively ignore this command */
        else if (strncmp(arg, "table(", 6) == 0) {
                if ((p = strchr(arg + 6, ')')) == NULL)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "forgotten parenthesis: '%s'", arg);
                *p = '\0';
                p = strchr(arg + 6, ',');
                if (p)
                        *p++ = '\0';
                if ((uidx = pack_table(tstate, arg + 6)) == 0)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid table name: %s", arg + 6);

                cmd->name[0] = '\1'; /* Special value indicating table */
                cmd->p.kidx = uidx;
        } else if (!isdigit(*arg)) {
                strlcpy(cmd->name, arg, sizeof(cmd->name));
                cmd->p.glob = strpbrk(arg, "*?[") != NULL ? 1 : 0;
        } else if (!inet_aton(arg, &cmd->p.ip))
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad ip address ``%s''", arg);
}

static void
get_mac_addr_mask(const char *p, uint8_t *addr, uint8_t *mask)
{
        int i;
        size_t l;
        char *ap, *ptr, *optr;
        struct ether_addr *mac;
        const char *macset = "0123456789abcdefABCDEF:";

        if (strcmp(p, "any") == 0) {
                for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++)
                        addr[i] = mask[i] = 0;
                return;
        }

        optr = ptr = strdup(p);
        if ((ap = strsep(&ptr, "&/")) != NULL && *ap != 0) {
                l = strlen(ap);
                if (strspn(ap, macset) != l || (mac = ether_aton(ap)) == NULL)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect MAC address");
                bcopy(mac, addr, ETHER_ADDR_LEN);
        } else
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect MAC address");

        if (ptr != NULL) { /* we have mask? */
                if (p[ptr - optr - 1] == '/') { /* mask len */
                        long ml = strtol(ptr, &ap, 10);
                        if (*ap != 0 || ml > ETHER_ADDR_LEN * 8 || ml < 0)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect mask length");
                        for (i = 0; ml > 0 && i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; ml -= 8, i++)
                                mask[i] = (ml >= 8) ? 0xff: (~0) << (8 - ml);
                } else { /* mask */
                        l = strlen(ptr);
                        if (strspn(ptr, macset) != l ||
                            (mac = ether_aton(ptr)) == NULL)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect mask");
                        bcopy(mac, mask, ETHER_ADDR_LEN);
                }
        } else { /* default mask: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff */
                for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++)
                        mask[i] = 0xff;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN; i++)
                addr[i] &= mask[i];

        free(optr);
}

/*
 * helper function, updates the pointer to cmd with the length
 * of the current command, and also cleans up the first word of
 * the new command in case it has been clobbered before.
 */
static ipfw_insn *
next_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd, int *len)
{
        *len -= F_LEN(cmd);
        CHECK_LENGTH(*len, 0);
        cmd += F_LEN(cmd);
        bzero(cmd, sizeof(*cmd));
        return cmd;
}

/*
 * Takes arguments and copies them into a comment
 */
static void
fill_comment(ipfw_insn *cmd, char **av, int cblen)
{
        int i, l;
        char *p = (char *)(cmd + 1);

        cmd->opcode = O_NOP;
        cmd->len =  (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR));

        /* Compute length of comment string. */
        for (i = 0, l = 0; av[i] != NULL; i++)
                l += strlen(av[i]) + 1;
        if (l == 0)
                return;
        if (l > 84)
                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                    "comment too long (max 80 chars)");
        l = 1 + (l+3)/4;
        cmd->len =  (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | l;
        CHECK_CMDLEN;

        for (i = 0; av[i] != NULL; i++) {
                strcpy(p, av[i]);
                p += strlen(av[i]);
                *p++ = ' ';
        }
        *(--p) = '\0';
}

/*
 * A function to fill simple commands of size 1.
 * Existing flags are preserved.
 */
static void
fill_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd, enum ipfw_opcodes opcode, int flags, uint16_t arg)
{
        cmd->opcode = opcode;
        cmd->len =  ((cmd->len | flags) & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | 1;
        cmd->arg1 = arg;
}

/*
 * Fetch and add the MAC address and type, with masks. This generates one or
 * two microinstructions, and returns the pointer to the last one.
 */
static ipfw_insn *
add_mac(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av[], int cblen)
{
        ipfw_insn_mac *mac;

        if ( ( av[0] == NULL ) || ( av[1] == NULL ) )
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "MAC dst src");

        cmd->opcode = O_MACADDR2;
        cmd->len = (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_mac);
        CHECK_CMDLEN;

        mac = (ipfw_insn_mac *)cmd;
        get_mac_addr_mask(av[0], mac->addr, mac->mask); /* dst */
        get_mac_addr_mask(av[1], &(mac->addr[ETHER_ADDR_LEN]),
            &(mac->mask[ETHER_ADDR_LEN])); /* src */
        return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_mactype(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen)
{
        if (!av)
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "missing MAC type");
        if (strcmp(av, "any") != 0) { /* we have a non-null type */
                fill_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, av, IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE,
                    cblen);
                cmd->opcode = O_MAC_TYPE;
                return cmd;
        } else
                return NULL;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_proto0(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char *protop)
{
        struct protoent *pe;
        char *ep;
        int proto;

        proto = strtol(av, &ep, 10);
        if (*ep != '\0' || proto <= 0) {
                if ((pe = getprotobyname(av)) == NULL)
                        return NULL;
                proto = pe->p_proto;
        }

        fill_cmd(cmd, O_PROTO, 0, proto);
        *protop = proto;
        return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_proto(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char *protop)
{
        u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP;

        if (_substrcmp(av, "all") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip") == 0)
                ; /* do not set O_IP4 nor O_IP6 */
        else if (strcmp(av, "ip4") == 0)
                /* explicit "just IPv4" rule */
                fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP4, 0, 0);
        else if (strcmp(av, "ip6") == 0) {
                /* explicit "just IPv6" rule */
                proto = IPPROTO_IPV6;
                fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP6, 0, 0);
        } else
                return add_proto0(cmd, av, protop);

        *protop = proto;
        return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_proto_compat(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char *protop)
{
        u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP;

        if (_substrcmp(av, "all") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip") == 0)
                ; /* do not set O_IP4 nor O_IP6 */
        else if (strcmp(av, "ipv4") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip4") == 0)
                /* explicit "just IPv4" rule */
                fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP4, 0, 0);
        else if (strcmp(av, "ipv6") == 0 || strcmp(av, "ip6") == 0) {
                /* explicit "just IPv6" rule */
                proto = IPPROTO_IPV6;
                fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP6, 0, 0);
        } else
                return add_proto0(cmd, av, protop);

        *protop = proto;
        return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_srcip(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
        fill_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
        if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_SET)                        /* set */
                cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_SET;
        else if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP)                /* table */
                cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_LOOKUP;
        else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn))          /* me */
                cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_ME;
        else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32))      /* one IP */
                cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC;
        else                                                    /* addr/mask */
                cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_MASK;
        return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_dstip(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
        fill_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
        if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_SET)                        /* set */
                ;
        else if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_LOOKUP)                /* table */
                ;
        else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn))          /* me */
                cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_ME;
        else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32))      /* one IP */
                cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST;
        else                                                    /* addr/mask */
                cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_MASK;
        return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_srcmac(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, struct tidx *tstate)
{

        if (strncmp(av, "table(", 6) == 0)
                fill_table(cmd, av, O_MAC_SRC_LOOKUP, tstate);
        else
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "only mac table lookup is supported %s", av);
        return cmd;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_dstmac(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, struct tidx *tstate)
{

        if (strncmp(av, "table(", 6) == 0)
                fill_table(cmd, av, O_MAC_DST_LOOKUP, tstate);
        else
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "only mac table lookup is supported %s", av);
        return cmd;
}


static struct _s_x f_reserved_keywords[] = {
        { "altq",       TOK_OR },
        { "//",         TOK_OR },
        { "diverted",   TOK_OR },
        { "dst-port",   TOK_OR },
        { "src-port",   TOK_OR },
        { "established",        TOK_OR },
        { "keep-state", TOK_OR },
        { "frag",       TOK_OR },
        { "icmptypes",  TOK_OR },
        { "in",         TOK_OR },
        { "out",        TOK_OR },
        { "ip6",        TOK_OR },
        { "any",        TOK_OR },
        { "to",         TOK_OR },
        { "via",        TOK_OR },
        { "{",          TOK_OR },
        { "lookup",     TOK_OR },
        { "tagged",     TOK_OR },
        { NULL, 0 }     /* terminator */
};

static ipfw_insn *
add_ports(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int opcode, int cblen)
{

        if (match_token(f_reserved_keywords, av) != -1)
                return (NULL);

        if (fill_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, av, proto, cblen)) {
                /* XXX todo: check that we have a protocol with ports */
                cmd->opcode = opcode;
                return cmd;
        }
        return NULL;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_src(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
        struct in6_addr a;
        char *host, *ch, buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
        ipfw_insn *ret = NULL;
        size_t len;

        /* Copy first address in set if needed */
        if ((ch = strpbrk(av, "/,")) != NULL) {
                len = ch - av;
                strlcpy(buf, av, sizeof(buf));
                if (len < sizeof(buf))
                        buf[len] = '\0';
                host = buf;
        } else
                host = av;

        if (proto == IPPROTO_IPV6  || strcmp(av, "me6") == 0 ||
            inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) == 1)
                ret = add_srcip6(cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
        /* XXX: should check for IPv4, not !IPv6 */
        if (ret == NULL && (proto == IPPROTO_IP || strcmp(av, "me") == 0 ||
            inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) != 1))
                ret = add_srcip(cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
        if (ret == NULL && strcmp(av, "any") != 0)
                ret = cmd;

        return ret;
}

static ipfw_insn *
add_dst(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int cblen, struct tidx *tstate)
{
        struct in6_addr a;
        char *host, *ch, buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
        ipfw_insn *ret = NULL;
        size_t len;

        /* Copy first address in set if needed */
        if ((ch = strpbrk(av, "/,")) != NULL) {
                len = ch - av;
                strlcpy(buf, av, sizeof(buf));
                if (len < sizeof(buf))
                        buf[len] = '\0';
                host = buf;
        } else
                host = av;

        if (proto == IPPROTO_IPV6  || strcmp(av, "me6") == 0 ||
            inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) == 1)
                ret = add_dstip6(cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
        /* XXX: should check for IPv4, not !IPv6 */
        if (ret == NULL && (proto == IPPROTO_IP || strcmp(av, "me") == 0 ||
            inet_pton(AF_INET6, host, &a) != 1))
                ret = add_dstip(cmd, av, cblen, tstate);
        if (ret == NULL && strcmp(av, "any") != 0)
                ret = cmd;

        return ret;
}

static uint16_t
parse_logdst(char *logdst_iter)
{
        char *token;
        uint16_t ret;

        ret = IPFW_LOG_DEFAULT;
        while ((token = strsep(&logdst_iter, ",")) != NULL) {
                if (_substrcmp(token, "syslog") == 0) {
                        ret |= IPFW_LOG_SYSLOG;
                        continue;
                }
                /* ipfw0 is compatibility keyword. */
                if (_substrcmp(token, "bpf") == 0 ||
                    _substrcmp(token, "ipfw0") == 0) {
                        ret |= IPFW_LOG_IPFW0;
                        continue;
                }
                if (_substrcmp(token, "rtsock") == 0) {
                        ret |= IPFW_LOG_RTSOCK;
                        continue;
                }
                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                    "unsupported logdst token");
        }
        return (ret);
}

static inline uint32_t
arg_or_targ_relaxed(const char *arg, const char *action, uint32_t maxarg)
{
        uint32_t arg1 = (uint32_t)(-1);

        if (arg == NULL)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "missing argument for %s", action);
        if (isdigit(arg[0])) {
                arg1 = strtoul(arg, NULL, 10);
                if (arg1 < IPFW_ARG_MIN || arg1 > maxarg)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal argument %s(%u) for %s",
                            arg, arg1, action);
        } else if (_substrcmp(arg, "tablearg") == 0)
                arg1 = IP_FW_TARG;
        return (arg1);
}

static inline uint32_t
arg_or_targ(const char *arg, const char *action)
{
        uint32_t arg1 = arg_or_targ_relaxed(arg, action, IPFW_ARG_MAX);

        if (arg1 == (uint32_t)(-1))
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal argument %s(%u) for %s",
                    arg, arg1, action);
        return (arg1);
}

static uint16_t
get_divert_port(const char *arg, const char *action)
{
        uint32_t arg1 = arg_or_targ_relaxed(arg, action, IPFW_ARG_MAX);

        if (arg1 != (uint32_t)(-1))
                return (arg1);

        struct servent *s;
        setservent(1);
        s = getservbyname(arg, "divert");
        if (s == NULL)
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal divert/tee port");
        return (ntohs(s->s_port));
}

static void
get_lookup_bitmask(int ltype, ipfw_insn_lookup *cmd, const char *src)
{
        struct ether_addr *mac;
        const char *macset = "0123456789abcdefABCDEF:";

        if (ltype == LOOKUP_SRC_IP6 || ltype == LOOKUP_DST_IP6) {
                if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, src, &cmd->ip6) != 1)
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid IPv6 mask provided");
                return;
        } else if (ltype == LOOKUP_SRC_MAC || ltype == LOOKUP_DST_MAC) {
                if (strspn(src, macset) != strlen(src) ||
                    (mac = ether_aton(src)) == NULL)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Incorrect MAC address");

                bcopy(mac, cmd->mac, ETHER_ADDR_LEN);
                return;
        /* mask in a dotted-quad notation */
        } else if (strchr(src, '.') != NULL) {
                if (inet_aton(src, &cmd->ip4) != 1)
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid dotted-quad mask provided");
                switch (ltype) {
                case LOOKUP_SRC_IP4:
                case LOOKUP_DST_IP4:
                        return;
                }
                cmd->u32 = ntohl(cmd->u32);
                return;
        }
        cmd->u32 = strtoul(src, NULL, 0);
}

/*
 * Parse arguments and assemble the microinstructions which make up a rule.
 * Rules are added into the 'rulebuf' and then copied in the correct order
 * into the actual rule.
 *
 * The syntax for a rule starts with the action, followed by
 * optional action parameters, and the various match patterns.
 * In the assembled microcode, the first opcode must be an O_PROBE_STATE
 * (generated if the rule includes a keep-state option), then the
 * various match patterns, log/altq actions, and the actual action.
 *
 */
static void
compile_rule(char *av[], uint32_t *rbuf, int *rbufsize, struct tidx *tstate)
{
        /*
         * rules are added into the 'rulebuf' and then copied in
         * the correct order into the actual rule.
         * Some things that need to go out of order (prob, action etc.)
         * go into actbuf[].
         */
        static uint32_t actbuf[255], cmdbuf[255];
        int rblen, ablen, cblen;

        ipfw_insn *src, *dst, *cmd, *action, *prev=NULL;
        ipfw_insn *first_cmd;   /* first match pattern */

        struct ip_fw_rule *rule;

        /*
         * various flags used to record that we entered some fields.
         */
        ipfw_insn *have_state = NULL;   /* any state-related option */
        int have_rstate = 0;
        ipfw_insn *have_log = NULL, *have_altq = NULL, *have_tag = NULL;
        ipfw_insn *have_skipcmd = NULL;
        size_t len;

        int i;

        int open_par = 0;       /* open parenthesis ( */

        /* proto is here because it is used to fetch ports */
        u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP;      /* default protocol */

        double match_prob = 1; /* match probability, default is always match */

        bzero(actbuf, sizeof(actbuf));          /* actions go here */
        bzero(cmdbuf, sizeof(cmdbuf));
        bzero(rbuf, *rbufsize);

        rule = (struct ip_fw_rule *)rbuf;
        cmd = (ipfw_insn *)cmdbuf;
        action = (ipfw_insn *)actbuf;

        rblen = *rbufsize / sizeof(uint32_t);
        rblen -= sizeof(struct ip_fw_rule) / sizeof(uint32_t);
        ablen = nitems(actbuf);
        cblen = nitems(cmdbuf);
        cblen -= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + 1;

#define CHECK_RBUFLEN(len)      { CHECK_LENGTH(rblen, len); rblen -= len; }
#define CHECK_ACTLEN            CHECK_LENGTH(ablen, action->len)

        av++;

        /* [rule N]     -- Rule number optional */
        if (av[0] && isdigit(**av)) {
                rule->rulenum = atoi(*av);
                av++;
        }

        /* [set N]      -- set number (0..RESVD_SET), optional */
        if (av[0] && av[1] && _substrcmp(*av, "set") == 0) {
                int set = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10);
                if (set < 0 || set > RESVD_SET)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal set %s", av[1]);
                rule->set = set;
                tstate->set = set;
                av += 2;
        }

        /* [prob D]     -- match probability, optional */
        if (av[0] && av[1] && _substrcmp(*av, "prob") == 0) {
                match_prob = strtod(av[1], NULL);

                if (match_prob <= 0 || match_prob > 1)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal match prob. %s", av[1]);
                av += 2;
        }

        /* action       -- mandatory */
        NEED1("missing action");
        i = match_token(rule_actions, *av);
        av++;
        action->len = 1;        /* default */
        CHECK_ACTLEN;
        switch(i) {
        case TOK_CHECKSTATE:
                have_state = action;
                action->opcode = O_CHECK_STATE;
                action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_kidx);
                CHECK_ACTLEN;
                if (*av == NULL ||
                    match_token(rule_options, *av) == TOK_COMMENT) {
                        insntod(have_state, kidx)->kidx = pack_object(tstate,
                            default_state_name, IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME);
                        break;
                }
                if (*av[0] == ':') {
                        if (strcmp(*av + 1, "any") == 0)
                                insntod(have_state, kidx)->kidx = 0;
                        else if (state_check_name(*av + 1) == 0)
                                insntod(have_state, kidx)->kidx = pack_object(
                                    tstate, *av + 1, IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME);
                        else
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid state name %s",
                                    *av);
                        av++;
                        break;
                }
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid state name %s", *av);
                break;

        case TOK_ABORT:
                action->opcode = O_REJECT;
                action->arg1 = ICMP_REJECT_ABORT;
                break;

        case TOK_ABORT6:
                action->opcode = O_UNREACH6;
                action->arg1 = ICMP6_UNREACH_ABORT;
                break;

        case TOK_ACCEPT:
                action->opcode = O_ACCEPT;
                break;

        case TOK_DENY:
                action->opcode = O_DENY;
                action->arg1 = 0;
                break;

        case TOK_REJECT:
                action->opcode = O_REJECT;
                action->arg1 = ICMP_UNREACH_HOST;
                break;

        case TOK_RESET:
                action->opcode = O_REJECT;
                action->arg1 = ICMP_REJECT_RST;
                break;

        case TOK_RESET6:
                action->opcode = O_UNREACH6;
                action->arg1 = ICMP6_UNREACH_RST;
                break;

        case TOK_UNREACH:
                action->opcode = O_REJECT;
                NEED1("missing reject code");
                action->arg1 = get_reject_code(*av);
                av++;
                if (action->arg1 == ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG && isdigit(**av)) {
                        uint16_t mtu;

                        mtu = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
                        if (mtu < 68 || mtu >= IP_MAXPACKET)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal argument for %s",
                                    *(av - 1));
                        action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u16);
                        insntod(action, u16)->ports[0] = mtu;
                        av++;
                }
                break;

        case TOK_UNREACH6:
                action->opcode = O_UNREACH6;
                NEED1("missing unreach code");
                action->arg1 = get_unreach6_code(*av);
                av++;
                break;

        case TOK_COUNT:
                action->opcode = O_COUNT;
                break;

        case TOK_NAT:
                action->opcode = O_NAT;
                action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_nat);
                CHECK_ACTLEN;
                if (*av != NULL && _substrcmp(*av, "global") == 0)
                        action->arg1 = IP_FW_NAT44_GLOBAL;
                else
                        action->arg1 = arg_or_targ(av[0], *(av - 1));
                av++;
                break;
        case TOK_QUEUE:
                action->opcode = O_QUEUE;
                action->arg1 = arg_or_targ(av[0], *(av - 1));
                av++;
                break;
        case TOK_PIPE:
                action->opcode = O_PIPE;
                action->arg1 = arg_or_targ(av[0], *(av - 1));
                av++;
                break;
        case TOK_SKIPTO:
                action->opcode = O_SKIPTO;
                action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
                CHECK_ACTLEN;
                insntod(action, u32)->d[0] =
                    arg_or_targ_relaxed(av[0], *(av - 1), IPFW_DEFAULT_RULE);
                av++;
                break;
        case TOK_NETGRAPH:
                action->opcode = O_NETGRAPH;
                action->arg1 = arg_or_targ(av[0], *(av - 1));
                av++;
                break;
        case TOK_NGTEE:
                action->opcode = O_NGTEE;
                action->arg1 = arg_or_targ(av[0], *(av - 1));
                av++;
                break;
        case TOK_DIVERT:
                action->opcode = O_DIVERT;
                action->arg1 = get_divert_port(av[0], *(av - 1));
                av++;
                break;
        case TOK_TEE:
                action->opcode = O_TEE;
                action->arg1 = get_divert_port(av[0], *(av - 1));
                av++;
                break;
        case TOK_CALL:
                action->opcode = O_CALLRETURN;
                action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
                CHECK_ACTLEN;
                insntod(action, u32)->d[0] =
                    arg_or_targ_relaxed(av[0], *(av - 1), IPFW_DEFAULT_RULE);
                av++;
                break;

        case TOK_FORWARD: {
                /*
                 * Locate the address-port separator (':' or ',').
                 * Could be one of the following:
                 *      hostname:port
                 *      IPv4 a.b.c.d,port
                 *      IPv4 a.b.c.d:port
                 *      IPv6 w:x:y::z,port
                 *      IPv6 [w:x:y::z]:port
                 */
                struct sockaddr_storage result;
                struct addrinfo *res;
                char *s, *end;
                int family;
                u_short port_number = 0;

                NEED1("missing forward address[:port]");

                if (strncmp(*av, "tablearg", 8) == 0 &&
                    ((*av)[8] == '\0' || (*av)[8] == ',' || (*av)[8] == ':'))
                        memcpy(++(*av), "0.0.0.0", 7);

                /*
                 * Are we an bracket-enclosed IPv6 address?
                 */
                if (strchr(*av, '['))
                        (*av)++;

                /*
                 * locate the address-port separator (':' or ',')
                 */
                s = strchr(*av, ',');
                if (s == NULL) {
                        s = strchr(*av, ']');
                        /* Prevent erroneous parsing on brackets. */
                        if (s != NULL)
                                *(s++) = '\0';
                        else
                                s = *av;

                        /* Distinguish between IPv4:port and IPv6 cases. */
                        s = strchr(s, ':');
                        if (s && strchr(s+1, ':'))
                                s = NULL; /* no port */
                }

                if (s != NULL) {
                        /* Terminate host portion and set s to start of port. */
                        *(s++) = '\0';
                        i = strtoport(s, &end, 0 /* base */, 0 /* proto */);
                        if (s == end)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                    "illegal forwarding port ``%s''", s);
                        port_number = (u_short)i;
                }

                /*
                 * Resolve the host name or address to a family and a
                 * network representation of the address.
                 */
                if (getaddrinfo(*av, NULL, NULL, &res))
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, NULL);
                /* Just use the first host in the answer. */
                family = res->ai_family;
                memcpy(&result, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
                freeaddrinfo(res);

                if (family == PF_INET) {
                        ipfw_insn_sa *p = (ipfw_insn_sa *)action;

                        action->opcode = O_FORWARD_IP;
                        action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_sa);
                        CHECK_ACTLEN;

                        /*
                         * In the kernel we assume AF_INET and use only
                         * sin_port and sin_addr. Remember to set sin_len as
                         * the routing code seems to use it too.
                         */
                        p->sa.sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
                        p->sa.sin_family = AF_INET;
                        p->sa.sin_port = port_number;
                        p->sa.sin_addr.s_addr =
                             ((struct sockaddr_in *)&result)->sin_addr.s_addr;
                } else if (family == PF_INET6) {
                        ipfw_insn_sa6 *p = (ipfw_insn_sa6 *)action;

                        action->opcode = O_FORWARD_IP6;
                        action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_sa6);
                        CHECK_ACTLEN;

                        p->sa.sin6_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
                        p->sa.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
                        p->sa.sin6_port = port_number;
                        p->sa.sin6_flowinfo = 0;
                        p->sa.sin6_scope_id =
                            ((struct sockaddr_in6 *)&result)->sin6_scope_id;
                        bcopy(&((struct sockaddr_in6*)&result)->sin6_addr,
                            &p->sa.sin6_addr, sizeof(p->sa.sin6_addr));
                } else {
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid address family in forward action");
                }
                av++;
                break;
            }
        case TOK_COMMENT:
                /* pretend it is a 'count' rule followed by the comment */
                action->opcode = O_COUNT;
                av--;           /* go back... */
                break;

        case TOK_SETFIB:
            {
                int numfibs;
                size_t intsize = sizeof(int);

                action->opcode = O_SETFIB;
                NEED1("missing fib number");
                if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
                        action->arg1 = IP_FW_TARG;
                } else {
                        action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
                        if (sysctlbyname("net.fibs", &numfibs, &intsize,
                            NULL, 0) == -1)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "fibs not supported.\n");
                        if (action->arg1 >= numfibs)  /* Temporary */
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "fib too large.\n");
                        /* Add high-order bit to fib to make room for tablearg*/
                        action->arg1 |= 0x8000;
                }
                av++;
                break;
            }

        case TOK_SETDSCP:
            {
                int code;

                action->opcode = O_SETDSCP;
                NEED1("missing DSCP code");
                if (_substrcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
                        action->arg1 = IP_FW_TARG;
                } else {
                        if (isalpha(*av[0])) {
                                if ((code = match_token(f_ipdscp, *av)) == -1)
                                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Unknown DSCP code");
                                action->arg1 = code;
                        } else
                                action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
                        /*
                         * Add high-order bit to DSCP to make room
                         * for tablearg
                         */
                        action->arg1 |= 0x8000;
                }
                av++;
                break;
            }

        case TOK_REASS:
                action->opcode = O_REASS;
                break;

        case TOK_RETURN:
                action->opcode = O_CALLRETURN;
                action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) | F_NOT;
                CHECK_ACTLEN;
                if (*av != NULL) {
                        /*
                         * Return type is optional.
                         * By default we use RETURN_NEXT_RULENUM.
                         */
                        i = match_token(return_types, *av);
                        if (i >= 0) {
                                action->arg1 = i;
                                av++;
                        } else
                                action->arg1 = RETURN_NEXT_RULENUM;
                }
                break;

        case TOK_SETMARK: {
                action->opcode = O_SETMARK;
                action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
                NEED1("missing mark");
                if (strcmp(*av, "tablearg") == 0) {
                        action->arg1 = IP_FW_TARG;
                } else {
                        insntod(action, u32)->d[0] = strtoul(*av, NULL, 0);
                        /* This is not a tablearg */
                        action->arg1 |= 0x8000;
                }
                av++;
                CHECK_CMDLEN;
                break;
        }

        case TOK_TCPSETMSS: {
                u_long mss;
                uint32_t idx;

                idx = pack_object(tstate, "tcp-setmss", IPFW_TLV_EACTION);
                if (idx == 0)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "pack_object failed");
                action->opcode = O_EXTERNAL_ACTION;
                action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_kidx);
                CHECK_ACTLEN;
                insntod(action, kidx)->kidx = idx;

                NEED1("Missing MSS value");
                action = next_cmd(action, &ablen);
                action->len = 1;
                CHECK_ACTLEN;
                mss = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10);
                if (mss == 0 || mss > UINT16_MAX)
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid MSS value %s", *av);
                fill_cmd(action, O_EXTERNAL_DATA, 0, (uint16_t)mss);
                av++;
                break;
        }

        default:
                av--;
                if (match_token(rule_eactions, *av) == -1)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid action %s\n", *av);
                /*
                 * External actions support.
                 * XXX: we support only syntax with instance name.
                 *      For known external actions (from rule_eactions list)
                 *      we can handle syntax directly. But with `eaction'
                 *      keyword we can use only `eaction <name> <instance>'
                 *      syntax.
                 */
        case TOK_EACTION: {
                uint32_t idx;

                NEED1("Missing eaction name");
                if (eaction_check_name(*av) != 0)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid eaction name %s", *av);
                idx = pack_object(tstate, *av, IPFW_TLV_EACTION);
                if (idx == 0)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "pack_object failed");
                action->opcode = O_EXTERNAL_ACTION;
                action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_kidx);
                CHECK_ACTLEN;
                insntod(action, kidx)->kidx = idx;

                av++;
                NEED1("Missing eaction instance name");
                if (eaction_check_name(*av) != 0)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "Invalid eaction instance name %s",
                            *av);
                /*
                 * External action instance object has TLV type depended
                 * from the external action name object index. Since we
                 * currently don't know this index, use zero as TLV type.
                 */
                idx = pack_object(tstate, *av, 0);
                if (idx == 0)
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "pack_object failed");
                action = next_cmd(action, &ablen);
                action->opcode = O_EXTERNAL_INSTANCE;
                action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_kidx);
                CHECK_ACTLEN;
                insntod(action, kidx)->kidx = idx;
                av++;
                }
        }
        action = next_cmd(action, &ablen);

        /*
         * [altq queuename] -- altq tag, optional
         * [log [logamount N]]  -- log, optional
         *
         * If they exist, it go first in the cmdbuf, but then it is
         * skipped in the copy section to the end of the buffer.
         */
        while (av[0] != NULL && (i = match_token(rule_action_params, *av)) != -1) {
                av++;
                switch (i) {
                case TOK_LOG:
                    {
                        ipfw_insn_log *c = (ipfw_insn_log *)cmd;
                        int l;

                        if (have_log)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                    "log cannot be specified more than once");
                        have_log = (ipfw_insn *)c;
                        cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_log);
                        CHECK_CMDLEN;
                        cmd->opcode = O_LOG;
                        cmd->arg1 = IPFW_LOG_DEFAULT;
                        /* logdst before logamount */
                        if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "logdst") == 0) {
                                av++;
                                NEED1("logdst requires argument");
                                cmd->arg1 = parse_logdst(*av);
                                av++;
                        }

                        if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "logamount") == 0) {
                                av++;
                                NEED1("logamount requires argument");
                                l = atoi(*av);
                                if (l < 0)
                                        errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                            "logamount must be positive");
                                c->max_log = l;
                                av++;
                        } else {
                                len = sizeof(c->max_log);
                                if (sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit",
                                    &c->max_log, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
                                        if (g_co.test_only) {
                                                c->max_log = 0;
                                                break;
                                        }
                                        errx(1, "sysctlbyname(\"%s\")",
                                            "net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit");
                                }
                        }

                        /* logdst after logamount */
                        if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "logdst") == 0) {
                                av++;
                                NEED1("logdst requires argument");
                                cmd->arg1 = parse_logdst(*av);
                                av++;
                        }
                    }
                        break;

#ifndef NO_ALTQ
                case TOK_ALTQ:
                    {
                        ipfw_insn_altq *a = (ipfw_insn_altq *)cmd;

                        NEED1("missing altq queue name");
                        if (have_altq)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                    "altq cannot be specified more than once");
                        have_altq = (ipfw_insn *)a;
                        cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_altq);
                        CHECK_CMDLEN;
                        cmd->opcode = O_ALTQ;
                        a->qid = altq_name_to_qid(*av);
                        av++;
                    }
                        break;
#endif

                case TOK_TAG:
                case TOK_UNTAG: {
                        uint16_t tag;

                        if (have_tag)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "tag and untag cannot be "
                                    "specified more than once");
                        GET_UINT_ARG(tag, IPFW_ARG_MIN, IPFW_ARG_MAX, i,
                           rule_action_params);
                        have_tag = cmd;
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_TAG, (i == TOK_TAG) ? 0: F_NOT, tag);
                        av++;
                        break;
                }

                default:
                        abort();
                }
                cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
        }

        if (have_state) { /* must be a check-state, we are done */
                if (*av != NULL &&
                    match_token(rule_options, *av) == TOK_COMMENT) {
                        /* check-state has a comment */
                        av++;
                        fill_comment(cmd, av, cblen);
                        cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
                        av[0] = NULL;
                }
                goto done;
        }

#define OR_START(target)                                        \
        if (av[0] && (*av[0] == '(' || *av[0] == '{')) {        \
                if (open_par)                                   \
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "nested \"(\" not allowed\n"); \
                prev = NULL;                                    \
                open_par = 1;                                   \
                if ( (av[0])[1] == '\0') {                      \
                        av++;                                   \
                } else                                          \
                        (*av)++;                                \
        }                                                       \
        target:                                                 \


#define CLOSE_PAR                                               \
        if (open_par) {                                         \
                if (av[0] && (                                  \
                    strcmp(*av, ")") == 0 ||                    \
                    strcmp(*av, "}") == 0)) {                   \
                        prev = NULL;                            \
                        open_par = 0;                           \
                        av++;                                   \
                } else                                          \
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "missing \")\"\n");      \
        }

#define NOT_BLOCK                                               \
        if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "not") == 0) {             \
                if (cmd->len & F_NOT)                           \
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n"); \
                cmd->len |= F_NOT;                              \
                av++;                                           \
        }

#define OR_BLOCK(target)                                        \
        if (av[0] && _substrcmp(*av, "or") == 0) {              \
                if (prev == NULL || open_par == 0)              \
                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid OR block");   \
                prev->len |= F_OR;                              \
                av++;                                   \
                goto target;                                    \
        }                                                       \
        CLOSE_PAR;

        first_cmd = cmd;

#if 0
        /*
         * MAC addresses, optional.
         * If we have this, we skip the part "proto from src to dst"
         * and jump straight to the option parsing.
         */
        NOT_BLOCK;
        NEED1("missing protocol");
        if (_substrcmp(*av, "MAC") == 0 ||
            _substrcmp(*av, "mac") == 0) {
                av++;                   /* the "MAC" keyword */
                add_mac(cmd, av);       /* exits in case of errors */
                cmd = next_cmd(cmd);
                av += 2;                /* dst-mac and src-mac */
                NOT_BLOCK;
                NEED1("missing mac type");
                if (add_mactype(cmd, av[0]))
                        cmd = next_cmd(cmd);
                av++;                   /* any or mac-type */
                goto read_options;
        }
#endif

        /*
         * protocol, mandatory
         */
    OR_START(get_proto);
        NOT_BLOCK;
        NEED1("missing protocol");
        if (add_proto_compat(cmd, *av, &proto)) {
                av++;
                if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) {
                        prev = cmd;
                        cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
                }
        } else if (first_cmd != cmd) {
                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid protocol ``%s''", *av);
        } else {
                rule->flags |= IPFW_RULE_JUSTOPTS;
                goto read_options;
        }
    OR_BLOCK(get_proto);

        first_cmd = cmd; /* update pointer to use in compact form */

        /*
         * "from", mandatory
         */
        if ((av[0] == NULL) || _substrcmp(*av, "from") != 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "missing ``from''");
        av++;

        /*
         * source IP, mandatory
         */
    OR_START(source_ip);
        NOT_BLOCK;      /* optional "not" */
        NEED1("missing source address");
        if (add_src(cmd, *av, proto, cblen, tstate)) {
                av++;
                if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) {  /* ! any */
                        prev = cmd;
                        cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
                }
        } else
                errx(EX_USAGE, "bad source address %s", *av);
    OR_BLOCK(source_ip);

        /*
         * source ports, optional
         */
        NOT_BLOCK;      /* optional "not" */
        if ( av[0] != NULL ) {
                if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
                    add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_SRCPORT, cblen)) {
                        av++;
                        if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0)
                                cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
                }
        }

        /*
         * "to", mandatory
         */
        if ( (av[0] == NULL) || _substrcmp(*av, "to") != 0 )
                errx(EX_USAGE, "missing ``to''");
        av++;

        /*
         * destination, mandatory
         */
    OR_START(dest_ip);
        NOT_BLOCK;      /* optional "not" */
        NEED1("missing dst address");
        if (add_dst(cmd, *av, proto, cblen, tstate)) {
                av++;
                if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) {  /* ! any */
                        prev = cmd;
                        cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
                }
        } else
                errx( EX_USAGE, "bad destination address %s", *av);
    OR_BLOCK(dest_ip);

        /*
         * dest. ports, optional
         */
        NOT_BLOCK;      /* optional "not" */
        if (av[0]) {
                if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
                    add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_DSTPORT, cblen)) {
                        av++;
                        if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0)
                                cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
                }
        }
        if (first_cmd == cmd)
                rule->flags |= IPFW_RULE_NOOPT;

read_options:
        prev = NULL;
        while ( av[0] != NULL ) {
                char *s;
                ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd32;   /* alias for cmd */

                s = *av;
                cmd32 = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd;

                if (*s == '!') {        /* alternate syntax for NOT */
                        if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n");
                        cmd->len = F_NOT;
                        s++;
                }
                i = match_token(rule_options, s);
                av++;
                switch(i) {
                case TOK_NOT:
                        if (cmd->len & F_NOT)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n");
                        cmd->len = F_NOT;
                        break;

                case TOK_OR:
                        if (open_par == 0 || prev == NULL)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid \"or\" block\n");
                        prev->len |= F_OR;
                        break;

                case TOK_STARTBRACE:
                        if (open_par)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "+nested \"(\" not allowed\n");
                        open_par = 1;
                        break;

                case TOK_ENDBRACE:
                        if (!open_par)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "+missing \")\"\n");
                        open_par = 0;
                        prev = NULL;
                        break;

                case TOK_IN:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_IN, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_OUT:
                        cmd->len ^= F_NOT; /* toggle F_NOT */
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_IN, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_DIVERTED:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_DIVERTED, 0, 3);
                        break;

                case TOK_DIVERTEDLOOPBACK:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_DIVERTED, 0, 1);
                        break;

                case TOK_DIVERTEDOUTPUT:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_DIVERTED, 0, 2);
                        break;

                case TOK_FRAG: {
                        uint32_t set = 0, clear = 0;

                        if (*av != NULL && fill_flags(f_ipoff, *av, NULL,
                            &set, &clear) == 0)
                                av++;
                        else {
                                /*
                                 * Compatibility: no argument after "frag"
                                 * keyword equals to "frag offset".
                                 */
                                set = 0x01;
                                clear = 0;
                        }
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_FRAG, 0,
                            (set & 0xff) | ( (clear & 0xff) << 8));
                        break;
                }

                case TOK_LAYER2:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_LAYER2, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_XMIT:
                case TOK_RECV:
                case TOK_VIA:
                        NEED1("recv, xmit, via require interface name"
                                " or address");
                        fill_iface(insntod(cmd, if), av[0], cblen, tstate);
                        av++;
                        if (F_LEN(cmd) == 0)    /* not a valid address */
                                break;
                        if (i == TOK_XMIT)
                                cmd->opcode = O_XMIT;
                        else if (i == TOK_RECV)
                                cmd->opcode = O_RECV;
                        else if (i == TOK_VIA)
                                cmd->opcode = O_VIA;
                        break;

                case TOK_ICMPTYPES:
                        NEED1("icmptypes requires list of types");
                        fill_icmptypes((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd, *av);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_ICMP6TYPES:
                        NEED1("icmptypes requires list of types");
                        fill_icmp6types((ipfw_insn_icmp6 *)cmd, *av, cblen);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_IPTTL:
                        NEED1("ipttl requires TTL");
                        if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
                            if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_IPTTL, cblen))
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ipttl %s", *av);
                        } else
                            fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPTTL, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_IPID:
                        NEED1("ipid requires id");
                        if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
                            if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_IPID, cblen))
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ipid %s", *av);
                        } else
                            fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPID, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_IPLEN:
                        NEED1("iplen requires length");
                        if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
                            if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_IPLEN, cblen))
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ip len %s", *av);
                        } else
                            fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPLEN, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_IPVER:
                        NEED1("ipver requires version");
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPVER, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_IPPRECEDENCE:
                        NEED1("ipprecedence requires value");
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPPRECEDENCE, 0,
                            (strtoul(*av, NULL, 0) & 7) << 5);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_DSCP:
                        NEED1("missing DSCP code");
                        fill_dscp(cmd, *av, cblen);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_IPOPTS:
                        NEED1("missing argument for ipoptions");
                        fill_flags_cmd(cmd, O_IPOPT, f_ipopts, *av);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_IPTOS:
                        NEED1("missing argument for iptos");
                        fill_flags_cmd(cmd, O_IPTOS, f_iptos, *av);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_UID:
                        NEED1("uid requires argument");
                    {
                        char *end;
                        uid_t uid;
                        struct passwd *pwd;

                        cmd->opcode = O_UID;
                        uid = strtoul(*av, &end, 0);
                        pwd = (*end == '\0') ? getpwuid(uid) : getpwnam(*av);
                        if (pwd == NULL)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "uid \"%s\" nonexistent", *av);
                        cmd32->d[0] = pwd->pw_uid;
                        cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
                        av++;
                    }
                        break;

                case TOK_GID:
                        NEED1("gid requires argument");
                    {
                        char *end;
                        gid_t gid;
                        struct group *grp;

                        cmd->opcode = O_GID;
                        gid = strtoul(*av, &end, 0);
                        grp = (*end == '\0') ? getgrgid(gid) : getgrnam(*av);
                        if (grp == NULL)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "gid \"%s\" nonexistent", *av);
                        cmd32->d[0] = grp->gr_gid;
                        cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
                        av++;
                    }
                        break;

                case TOK_JAIL:
                        NEED1("jail requires argument");
                    {
                        char *end;
                        int jid;

                        cmd->opcode = O_JAIL;
                        /*
                         * If av is a number, then we'll just pass it as-is.  If
                         * it's a name, try to resolve that to a jid.
                         *
                         * We save the jail_getid(3) call for a fallback because
                         * it entails an unconditional trip to the kernel to
                         * either validate a jid or resolve a name to a jid.
                         * This specific token doesn't currently require a
                         * jid to be an active jail, so we save a transition
                         * by simply using a number that we're given.
                         */
                        jid = strtoul(*av, &end, 10);
                        if (*end != '\0') {
                                jid = jail_getid(*av);
                                if (jid < 0)
                                    errx(EX_DATAERR, "%s", jail_errmsg);
                        }
                        cmd32->d[0] = (uint32_t)jid;
                        cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
                        av++;
                    }
                        break;

                case TOK_ESTAB:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_ESTAB, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_SETUP:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPFLAGS, 0,
                                (TH_SYN) | ( (TH_ACK) & 0xff) <<8 );
                        break;

                case TOK_TCPDATALEN:
                        NEED1("tcpdatalen requires length");
                        if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
                            if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_TCPDATALEN, cblen))
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid tcpdata len %s", *av);
                        } else
                            fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPDATALEN, 0,
                                    strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_TCPOPTS:
                        NEED1("missing argument for tcpoptions");
                        fill_flags_cmd(cmd, O_TCPOPTS, f_tcpopts, *av);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_TCPSEQ:
                case TOK_TCPACK:
                        NEED1("tcpseq/tcpack requires argument");
                        cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32);
                        cmd->opcode = (i == TOK_TCPSEQ) ? O_TCPSEQ : O_TCPACK;
                        cmd32->d[0] = htonl(strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_TCPMSS:
                case TOK_TCPWIN:
                        NEED1("tcpmss/tcpwin requires size");
                        if (strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
                                if (add_ports(cmd, *av, 0,
                                    i == TOK_TCPWIN ? O_TCPWIN : O_TCPMSS,
                                    cblen) == NULL)
                                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid %s size %s",
                                            s, *av);
                        } else
                                fill_cmd(cmd, i == TOK_TCPWIN ? O_TCPWIN :
                                    O_TCPMSS, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_TCPFLAGS:
                        NEED1("missing argument for tcpflags");
                        cmd->opcode = O_TCPFLAGS;
                        fill_flags_cmd(cmd, O_TCPFLAGS, f_tcpflags, *av);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_KEEPSTATE:
                case TOK_RECORDSTATE: {
                        uint32_t uidx;

                        if (open_par)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "keep-state or record-state cannot be part "
                                    "of an or block");
                        if (have_state)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "only one of keep-state, record-state, "
                                        " limit and set-limit is allowed");
                        if (*av != NULL && *av[0] == ':') {
                                if (state_check_name(*av + 1) != 0)
                                        errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                            "Invalid state name %s", *av);
                                uidx = pack_object(tstate, *av + 1,
                                    IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME);
                                av++;
                        } else
                                uidx = pack_object(tstate, default_state_name,
                                    IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME);
                        have_state = cmd;
                        have_rstate = i == TOK_RECORDSTATE;
                        cmd->opcode = O_KEEP_STATE;
                        cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_kidx);
                        CHECK_CMDLEN;
                        insntod(have_state, kidx)->kidx = uidx;
                        break;
                }

                case TOK_LIMIT:
                case TOK_SETLIMIT: {
                        ipfw_insn_limit *c = insntod(cmd, limit);
                        int val;

                        if (open_par)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
                                    "limit or set-limit cannot be part of an or block");
                        if (have_state)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "only one of keep-state, record-state, "
                                        " limit and set-limit is allowed");
                        have_state = cmd;
                        have_rstate = i == TOK_SETLIMIT;

                        cmd->opcode = O_LIMIT;
                        cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_limit);
                        CHECK_CMDLEN;
                        c->limit_mask = c->conn_limit = c->kidx = 0;

                        while ( av[0] != NULL ) {
                                if ((val = match_token(limit_masks, *av)) <= 0)
                                        break;
                                c->limit_mask |= val;
                                av++;
                        }

                        if (c->limit_mask == 0)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "limit: missing limit mask");

                        GET_UINT_ARG(c->conn_limit, IPFW_ARG_MIN, IPFW_ARG_MAX,
                            TOK_LIMIT, rule_options);
                        av++;

                        if (*av != NULL && *av[0] == ':') {
                                if (state_check_name(*av + 1) != 0)
                                        errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                            "Invalid state name %s", *av);
                                c->kidx = pack_object(tstate, *av + 1,
                                    IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME);
                                av++;
                        } else
                                c->kidx = pack_object(tstate,
                                    default_state_name, IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME);
                        break;
                }

                case TOK_PROTO:
                        NEED1("missing protocol");
                        if (add_proto(cmd, *av, &proto)) {
                                av++;
                        } else
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid protocol ``%s''",
                                    *av);
                        break;

                case TOK_SRCIP:
                        NEED1("missing source IP");
                        if (add_srcip(cmd, *av, cblen, tstate)) {
                                av++;
                        }
                        break;

                case TOK_DSTIP:
                        NEED1("missing destination IP");
                        if (add_dstip(cmd, *av, cblen, tstate)) {
                                av++;
                        }
                        break;

                case TOK_SRCIP6:
                        NEED1("missing source IP6");
                        if (add_srcip6(cmd, *av, cblen, tstate)) {
                                av++;
                        }
                        break;

                case TOK_DSTIP6:
                        NEED1("missing destination IP6");
                        if (add_dstip6(cmd, *av, cblen, tstate)) {
                                av++;
                        }
                        break;


                case TOK_SRCMAC:
                        NEED1("missing source MAC");
                        if (add_srcmac(cmd, *av, tstate)) {
                                av++;
                        }
                        break;

                case TOK_DSTMAC:
                        NEED1("missing destination MAC");
                        if (add_dstmac(cmd, *av, tstate)) {
                                av++;
                        }
                        break;

                case TOK_SRCPORT:
                        NEED1("missing source port");
                        if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
                            add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_SRCPORT, cblen)) {
                                av++;
                        } else
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid source port %s", *av);
                        break;

                case TOK_DSTPORT:
                        NEED1("missing destination port");
                        if (_substrcmp(*av, "any") == 0 ||
                            add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_DSTPORT, cblen)) {
                                av++;
                        } else
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid destination port %s",
                                    *av);
                        break;

                case TOK_MAC:
                        if (add_mac(cmd, av, cblen))
                                av += 2;
                        break;

                case TOK_MACTYPE:
                        NEED1("missing mac type");
                        if (!add_mactype(cmd, *av, cblen))
                                errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid mac type %s", *av);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_VERREVPATH:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_VERREVPATH, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_VERSRCREACH:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_VERSRCREACH, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_ANTISPOOF:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_ANTISPOOF, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_IPSEC:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPSEC, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_IPV6:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP6, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_IPV4:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_IP4, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_EXT6HDR:
                        NEED1("missing extension header");
                        fill_ext6hdr( cmd, *av );
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_FLOWID:
                        if (proto != IPPROTO_IPV6 )
                                errx( EX_USAGE, "flow-id filter is active "
                                    "only for ipv6 protocol\n");
                        fill_flow6( (ipfw_insn_u32 *) cmd, *av, cblen);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_COMMENT:
                        fill_comment(cmd, av, cblen);
                        av[0]=NULL;
                        break;

                case TOK_TAGGED:
                        if (av[0] && strpbrk(*av, "-,")) {
                                if (!add_ports(cmd, *av, 0, O_TAGGED, cblen))
                                        errx(EX_DATAERR, "tagged: invalid tag"
                                            " list: %s", *av);
                        }
                        else {
                                uint16_t tag;

                                GET_UINT_ARG(tag, IPFW_ARG_MIN, IPFW_ARG_MAX,
                                    TOK_TAGGED, rule_options);
                                fill_cmd(cmd, O_TAGGED, 0, tag);
                        }
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_FIB:
                        NEED1("fib requires fib number");
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_FIB, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0));
                        av++;
                        break;
                case TOK_SOCKARG:
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_SOCKARG, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_LOOKUP: {
                        /* optional mask for some LOOKUP types */
                        ipfw_insn_lookup *c = insntod(cmd, lookup);
                        char *lkey;

                        if (!av[0] || !av[1])
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
                                    "format: lookup argument tablenum");
                        cmd->opcode = O_TABLE_LOOKUP;

                        lkey = strsep(av, ":");
                        i = match_token(lookup_keys, lkey);
                        if (i == -1)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
                                    "format: cannot lookup on %s", lkey);
                        /* masked lookup key */
                        if (*av != NULL) {
                                switch (i) {
                                case LOOKUP_DST_PORT:
                                case LOOKUP_SRC_PORT:
                                case LOOKUP_UID:
                                case LOOKUP_JAIL:
                                case LOOKUP_DSCP:
                                case LOOKUP_MARK:
                                case LOOKUP_RULENUM:
                                case LOOKUP_SRC_MAC:
                                case LOOKUP_DST_MAC:
                                case LOOKUP_SRC_IP6:
                                case LOOKUP_DST_IP6:
                                case LOOKUP_SRC_IP4:
                                case LOOKUP_DST_IP4:
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        errx(EX_USAGE,
                                            "masked lookup is not supported "
                                            "for %s", lkey);
                                }
                                cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_lookup);
                                IPFW_SET_LOOKUP_MASKING(cmd, 1);
                                get_lookup_bitmask(i, c, *av);
                        } else {
                                cmd->len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_kidx);
                        }
                        CHECK_CMDLEN;

                        IPFW_SET_LOOKUP_TYPE(cmd, i);
                        av++;
                        c->kidx = pack_table(tstate, *av);
                        if (c->kidx == 0)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                    "Invalid table name: %s", *av);
                        av++;
                    }
                        break;
                case TOK_FLOW:
                        NEED1("missing table name");
                        if (strncmp(*av, "table(", 6) != 0)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                    "enclose table name into \"table()\"");
                        fill_table(cmd, *av, O_IP_FLOW_LOOKUP, tstate);
                        av++;
                        break;

                case TOK_SKIPACTION:
                        if (have_skipcmd)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "only one defer-action "
                                        "is allowed");
                        have_skipcmd = cmd;
                        fill_cmd(cmd, O_SKIP_ACTION, 0, 0);
                        break;

                case TOK_MARK:
                        NEED1("missing mark value:mask");
                        fill_mark(cmd, *av, cblen);
                        av++;
                        break;

                default:
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "unrecognised option [%d] %s\n", i, s);
                }
                if (F_LEN(cmd) > 0) {   /* prepare to advance */
                        prev = cmd;
                        cmd = next_cmd(cmd, &cblen);
                }
        }

done:

        if (!have_state && have_skipcmd)
                warnx("Rule contains \"defer-immediate-action\" "
                        "and doesn't contain any state-related options.");

        /*
         * Now copy stuff into the rule.
         * If we have a keep-state option, the first instruction
         * must be a PROBE_STATE (which is generated here).
         * If we have a LOG option, it was stored as the first command,
         * and now must be moved to the top of the action part.
         */
        dst = (ipfw_insn *)rule->cmd;

        /*
         * First thing to write into the command stream is the match probability.
         */
        if (match_prob != 1) { /* 1 means always match */
                dst->opcode = O_PROB;
                dst->len = 2;
                *((int32_t *)(dst+1)) = (int32_t)(match_prob * 0x7fffffff);
                dst += dst->len;
        }

        /*
         * generate O_PROBE_STATE if necessary
         */
        if (have_state && have_state->opcode != O_CHECK_STATE && !have_rstate) {
                dst->opcode = O_PROBE_STATE;
                dst->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_kidx);
                insntod(dst, kidx)->kidx = insntod(have_state, kidx)->kidx;
                dst = next_cmd(dst, &rblen);
        }

        /*
         * copy all commands but O_LOG, O_KEEP_STATE, O_LIMIT, O_ALTQ, O_TAG,
         * O_SKIP_ACTION
         */
        for (src = (ipfw_insn *)cmdbuf; src != cmd; src += i) {
                i = F_LEN(src);
                CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);

                switch (src->opcode) {
                case O_LOG:
                case O_KEEP_STATE:
                case O_LIMIT:
                case O_ALTQ:
                case O_TAG:
                case O_SKIP_ACTION:
                        break;
                default:
                        bcopy(src, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
                        dst += i;
                }
        }

        /*
         * put back the have_state command as last opcode
         */
        if (have_state && have_state->opcode != O_CHECK_STATE) {
                i = F_LEN(have_state);
                CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
                bcopy(have_state, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
                dst += i;
        }

        /*
         * put back the have_skipcmd command as very last opcode
         */
        if (have_skipcmd) {
                i = F_LEN(have_skipcmd);
                CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
                bcopy(have_skipcmd, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
                dst += i;
        }

        /*
         * start action section
         */
        rule->act_ofs = dst - rule->cmd;

        /* put back O_LOG, O_ALTQ, O_TAG if necessary */
        if (have_log) {
                i = F_LEN(have_log);
                CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
                bcopy(have_log, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
                dst += i;
        }
        if (have_altq) {
                i = F_LEN(have_altq);
                CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
                bcopy(have_altq, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
                dst += i;
        }
        if (have_tag) {
                i = F_LEN(have_tag);
                CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
                bcopy(have_tag, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
                dst += i;
        }

        /*
         * copy all other actions
         */
        for (src = (ipfw_insn *)actbuf; src != action; src += i) {
                i = F_LEN(src);
                CHECK_RBUFLEN(i);
                bcopy(src, dst, i * sizeof(uint32_t));
                dst += i;
        }

        rule->cmd_len = (uint32_t *)dst - (uint32_t *)(rule->cmd);
        *rbufsize = (char *)dst - (char *)rule;
}

static int
compare_ntlv(const void *_a, const void *_b)
{
        const ipfw_obj_ntlv *a, *b;

        a = (const ipfw_obj_ntlv *)_a;
        b = (const ipfw_obj_ntlv *)_b;

        if (a->set < b->set)
                return (-1);
        else if (a->set > b->set)
                return (1);

        if (a->idx < b->idx)
                return (-1);
        else if (a->idx > b->idx)
                return (1);

        if (a->head.type < b->head.type)
                return (-1);
        else if (a->head.type > b->head.type)
                return (1);

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Provide kernel with sorted list of referenced objects
 */
static void
object_sort_ctlv(ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv)
{

        qsort(ctlv + 1, ctlv->count, ctlv->objsize, compare_ntlv);
}

struct object_kt {
        uint32_t        uidx;
        uint16_t        type;
};
static int
compare_object_kntlv(const void *k, const void *v)
{
        const ipfw_obj_ntlv *ntlv;
        struct object_kt key;

        key = *((const struct object_kt *)k);
        ntlv = (const ipfw_obj_ntlv *)v;

        if (key.uidx < ntlv->idx)
                return (-1);
        else if (key.uidx > ntlv->idx)
                return (1);

        if (key.type < ntlv->head.type)
                return (-1);
        else if (key.type > ntlv->head.type)
                return (1);

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Finds object name in @ctlv by @idx and @type.
 * Uses the following facts:
 * 1) All TLVs are the same size
 * 2) Kernel implementation provides already sorted list.
 *
 * Returns table name or NULL.
 */
static char *
object_search_ctlv(ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv, uint32_t idx, uint16_t type)
{
        ipfw_obj_ntlv *ntlv;
        struct object_kt key;

        key.uidx = idx;
        key.type = type;

        ntlv = bsearch(&key, (ctlv + 1), ctlv->count, ctlv->objsize,
            compare_object_kntlv);

        if (ntlv != NULL)
                return (ntlv->name);

        return (NULL);
}

static char *
table_search_ctlv(ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv, uint32_t idx)
{

        return (object_search_ctlv(ctlv, idx, IPFW_TLV_TBL_NAME));
}

/*
 * Adds one or more rules to ipfw chain.
 * Data layout:
 * Request:
 * [
 *   ip_fw3_opheader
 *   [ ipfw_obj_ctlv(IPFW_TLV_TBL_LIST) ipfw_obj_ntlv x N ] (optional *1)
 *   [ ipfw_obj_ctlv(IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST) [ ip_fw_rule ip_fw_insn ] x N ] (*2) (*3)
 * ]
 * Reply:
 * [
 *   ip_fw3_opheader
 *   [ ipfw_obj_ctlv(IPFW_TLV_TBL_LIST) ipfw_obj_ntlv x N ] (optional)
 *   [ ipfw_obj_ctlv(IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST) [ ip_fw_rule ip_fw_insn ] x N ]
 * ]
 *
 * Rules in reply are modified to store their actual ruleset number.
 *
 * (*1) TLVs inside IPFW_TLV_TBL_LIST needs to be sorted ascending
 * according to their idx field and there has to be no duplicates.
 * (*2) Numbered rules inside IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST needs to be sorted ascending.
 * (*3) Each ip_fw structure needs to be aligned to u64 boundary.
 */
void
ipfw_add(char *av[])
{
        uint32_t rulebuf[1024];
        int rbufsize, default_off, tlen, rlen;
        size_t sz;
        struct tidx ts;
        struct ip_fw_rule *rule;
        caddr_t tbuf;
        ip_fw3_opheader *op3;
        ipfw_obj_ctlv *ctlv, *tstate;

        rbufsize = sizeof(rulebuf);
        memset(rulebuf, 0, rbufsize);
        memset(&ts, 0, sizeof(ts));

        /* Optimize case with no tables */
        default_off = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + sizeof(ip_fw3_opheader);
        op3 = (ip_fw3_opheader *)rulebuf;
        ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)(op3 + 1);
        rule = (struct ip_fw_rule *)(ctlv + 1);
        rbufsize -= default_off;

        compile_rule(av, (uint32_t *)rule, &rbufsize, &ts);
        /* Align rule size to u64 boundary */
        rlen = roundup2(rbufsize, sizeof(uint64_t));

        tbuf = NULL;
        sz = 0;
        tstate = NULL;
        if (ts.count != 0) {
                /* Some tables. We have to alloc more data */
                tlen = ts.count * sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv);
                sz = default_off + sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + tlen + rlen;

                if ((tbuf = calloc(1, sz)) == NULL)
                        err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "malloc() failed for IP_FW_XADD");
                op3 = (ip_fw3_opheader *)tbuf;
                /* Tables first */
                ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)(op3 + 1);
                ctlv->head.type = IPFW_TLV_TBLNAME_LIST;
                ctlv->head.length = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + tlen;
                ctlv->count = ts.count;
                ctlv->objsize = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ntlv);
                memcpy(ctlv + 1, ts.idx, tlen);
                object_sort_ctlv(ctlv);
                tstate = ctlv;
                /* Rule next */
                ctlv = (ipfw_obj_ctlv *)((caddr_t)ctlv + ctlv->head.length);
                ctlv->head.type = IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST;
                ctlv->head.length = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + rlen;
                ctlv->count = 1;
                memcpy(ctlv + 1, rule, rbufsize);
        } else {
                /* Simply add header */
                sz = rlen + default_off;
                memset(ctlv, 0, sizeof(*ctlv));
                ctlv->head.type = IPFW_TLV_RULE_LIST;
                ctlv->head.length = sizeof(ipfw_obj_ctlv) + rlen;
                ctlv->count = 1;
        }

        if (do_get3(IP_FW_XADD, op3, &sz) != 0)
                err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "getsockopt(%s)", "IP_FW_XADD");

        if (!g_co.do_quiet) {
                struct format_opts sfo;
                struct buf_pr bp;
                memset(&sfo, 0, sizeof(sfo));
                sfo.tstate = tstate;
                sfo.set_mask = (uint32_t)(-1);
                bp_alloc(&bp, 4096);
                show_static_rule(&g_co, &sfo, &bp, rule, NULL);
                printf("%s", bp.buf);
                bp_free(&bp);
        }

        if (tbuf != NULL)
                free(tbuf);

        if (ts.idx != NULL)
                free(ts.idx);
}

/*
 * clear the counters or the log counters.
 * optname has the following values:
 *  0 (zero both counters and logging)
 *  1 (zero logging only)
 */
void
ipfw_zero(int ac, char *av[], int optname)
{
        ipfw_range_tlv rt;
        char const *errstr;
        char const *name = optname ? "RESETLOG" : "ZERO";
        uint32_t arg;
        int failed = EX_OK;

        optname = optname ? IP_FW_XRESETLOG : IP_FW_XZERO;
        av++; ac--;

        if (ac == 0) {
                /* clear all entries */
                memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(rt));
                rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_ALL;
                if (do_range_cmd(optname, &rt) < 0)
                        err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(IP_FW_X%s)", name);
                if (!g_co.do_quiet)
                        printf("%s.\n", optname == IP_FW_XZERO ?
                            "Accounting cleared":"Logging counts reset");

                return;
        }

        while (ac) {
                /* Rule number */
                if (isdigit(**av)) {
                        arg = strtonum(*av, 0, 0xffff, &errstr);
                        if (errstr)
                                errx(EX_DATAERR,
                                    "invalid rule number %s\n", *av);
                        memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(rt));
                        rt.start_rule = arg;
                        rt.end_rule = arg;
                        rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_RANGE;
                        if (g_co.use_set != 0) {
                                rt.set = g_co.use_set - 1;
                                rt.flags |= IPFW_RCFLAG_SET;
                        }
                        if (do_range_cmd(optname, &rt) != 0) {
                                warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_FW_X%s)",
                                    arg, name);
                                failed = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
                        } else if (rt.new_set == 0) {
                                printf("Entry %d not found\n", arg);
                                failed = EX_UNAVAILABLE;
                        } else if (!g_co.do_quiet)
                                printf("Entry %d %s.\n", arg,
                                    optname == IP_FW_XZERO ?
                                        "cleared" : "logging count reset");
                } else {
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid rule number ``%s''", *av);
                }
                av++; ac--;
        }
        if (failed != EX_OK)
                exit(failed);
}

void
ipfw_flush(int force)
{
        ipfw_range_tlv rt;

        if (!force && !g_co.do_quiet) { /* need to ask user */
                int c;

                printf("Are you sure? [yn] ");
                fflush(stdout);
                do {
                        c = toupper(getc(stdin));
                        while (c != '\n' && getc(stdin) != '\n')
                                if (feof(stdin))
                                        return; /* and do not flush */
                } while (c != 'Y' && c != 'N');
                printf("\n");
                if (c == 'N')   /* user said no */
                        return;
        }
        if (g_co.do_pipe) {
                dummynet_flush();
                return;
        }
        /* `ipfw set N flush` - is the same that `ipfw delete set N` */
        memset(&rt, 0, sizeof(rt));
        if (g_co.use_set != 0) {
                rt.set = g_co.use_set - 1;
                rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_SET;
        } else
                rt.flags = IPFW_RCFLAG_ALL;
        if (do_range_cmd(IP_FW_XDEL, &rt) != 0)
                        err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(IP_FW_XDEL)");
        if (!g_co.do_quiet)
                printf("Flushed all %s.\n", g_co.do_pipe ? "pipes" : "rules");
}

static struct _s_x intcmds[] = {
      { "talist",       TOK_TALIST },
      { "iflist",       TOK_IFLIST },
      { "olist",        TOK_OLIST },
      { "vlist",        TOK_VLIST },
      { "monitor",      TOK_MONITOR },
      { NULL, 0 }
};

static struct _s_x otypes[] = {
        { "EACTION",    IPFW_TLV_EACTION },
        { "DYNSTATE",   IPFW_TLV_STATE_NAME },
        { NULL, 0 }
};

static const char*
lookup_eaction_name(ipfw_obj_ntlv *ntlv, int cnt, uint16_t type)
{
        const char *name;
        int i;

        name = NULL;
        for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
                if (ntlv[i].head.type != IPFW_TLV_EACTION)
                        continue;
                if (IPFW_TLV_EACTION_NAME(ntlv[i].idx) != type)
                        continue;
                name = ntlv[i].name;
                break;
        }
        return (name);
}

static void
ipfw_list_objects(int ac __unused, char *av[] __unused)
{
        ipfw_obj_lheader req, *olh;
        ipfw_obj_ntlv *ntlv;
        const char *name;
        size_t sz;
        uint32_t i;

        memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
        sz = sizeof(req);
        if (do_get3(IP_FW_DUMP_SRVOBJECTS, &req.opheader, &sz) != 0)
                if (errno != ENOMEM)
                        return;

        sz = req.size;
        if ((olh = calloc(1, sz)) == NULL)
                return;

        olh->size = sz;
        if (do_get3(IP_FW_DUMP_SRVOBJECTS, &olh->opheader, &sz) != 0) {
                free(olh);
                return;
        }

        if (olh->count > 0)
                printf("Objects list:\n");
        else
                printf("There are no objects\n");
        ntlv = (ipfw_obj_ntlv *)(olh + 1);
        for (i = 0; i < olh->count; i++) {
                name = match_value(otypes, ntlv->head.type);
                if (name == NULL)
                        name = lookup_eaction_name(
                            (ipfw_obj_ntlv *)(olh + 1), olh->count,
                            ntlv->head.type);
                if (name == NULL)
                        printf(" kidx: %4d\ttype: %10d\tname: %s\n",
                            ntlv->idx, ntlv->head.type, ntlv->name);
                else
                        printf(" kidx: %4d\ttype: %10s\tname: %s\n",
                            ntlv->idx, name, ntlv->name);
                ntlv++;
        }
        free(olh);
}

static void
bprint_sa(struct buf_pr *bp, const struct sockaddr *sa)
{
        struct sockaddr_storage ss;
        char buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];

        memset(&ss, 0, sizeof(ss));
        if (sa->sa_len == 0)
                ss.ss_family = sa->sa_family;
        else
                memcpy(&ss, sa, sa->sa_len);

        /* set ss_len in case it was shortened */
        switch (sa->sa_family) {
        case AF_INET:
                ss.ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
                break;
        default:
                ss.ss_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
        }
        if (getnameinfo((const struct sockaddr *)&ss, ss.ss_len,
            buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0) {
                bprintf(bp, "bad-addr");
                return;
        }
        bprintf(bp, "%s", buf);
}

static void
ipfw_rtsock_monitor(const char *filter)
{
        char msg[2048], buf[32];
        struct timespec tp;
        struct tm tm;
        struct buf_pr bp;
        struct rt_msghdr *hdr;
        struct sockaddr *sa;
        struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
        ipfwlog_rtsock_hdr_v2 *loghdr;
        ssize_t nread;
        size_t msglen;
        int rtsock;

        rtsock = socket(PF_ROUTE, SOCK_RAW, AF_IPFWLOG);
        if (rtsock < 0)
                err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket(AF_IPFWLOG)");
        bp_alloc(&bp, 4096);
        for (;;) {
                nread = read(rtsock, msg, sizeof(msg));
                if (nread < 0) {
                        warn("read()");
                        continue;
                }
                msglen = nread;
                if (msglen < sizeof(*hdr))
                        continue;

                hdr = (struct rt_msghdr *)msg;
                if (hdr->rtm_version != RTM_VERSION ||
                    hdr->rtm_type != RTM_IPFWLOG ||
                    (hdr->rtm_addrs & (1 << RTAX_DST)) == 0 ||
                    (hdr->rtm_addrs & (1 << RTAX_GATEWAY)) == 0 ||
                    (hdr->rtm_addrs & (1 << RTAX_NETMASK)) == 0)
                        continue;

                msglen -= sizeof(*hdr);
                sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(hdr + 1);
                if (msglen < sizeof(*sdl) || msglen < SA_SIZE(sdl) ||
                    sdl->sdl_family != AF_IPFWLOG ||
                    sdl->sdl_type != 2 /* version */ ||
                    sdl->sdl_alen != sizeof(*loghdr))
                        continue;

                msglen -= SA_SIZE(sdl);
                loghdr = (ipfwlog_rtsock_hdr_v2 *)sdl->sdl_data;
                /* filter by rule comment. MAX_COMMENT_LEN = 80 */
                if (filter != NULL &&
                    strncmp(filter, loghdr->comment, 80) != 0)
                        continue;

                sa = (struct sockaddr *)((char *)sdl + SA_SIZE(sdl));
                if (msglen < SA_SIZE(sa))
                        continue;

                msglen -= SA_SIZE(sa);
                bp_flush(&bp);

                clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tp);
                localtime_r(&tp.tv_sec, &tm);
                strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%T", &tm);
                bprintf(&bp, "%s.%03ld AF %s", buf, tp.tv_nsec / 1000000,
                    sa->sa_family == AF_INET ? "IPv4" : "IPv6");

                bprintf(&bp, " %s >",
                    ether_ntoa((const struct ether_addr *)loghdr->ether_shost));
                bprintf(&bp, " %s, ",
                    ether_ntoa((const struct ether_addr *)loghdr->ether_dhost));
                bprint_sa(&bp, sa);

                sa = (struct sockaddr *)((char *)sa + SA_SIZE(sa));
                if (msglen < SA_SIZE(sa))
                        continue;

                msglen -= SA_SIZE(sa);
                bprintf(&bp, " > ");
                bprint_sa(&bp, sa);
                bprintf(&bp, ", set %u, rulenum %u, targ 0x%08x, "
                    "%scmd[op %d, len %d, arg1 0x%04x], mark 0x%08x",
                    sdl->sdl_index, loghdr->rulenum, loghdr->tablearg,
                    (loghdr->cmd.len & F_NOT) ? "!": "",
                    loghdr->cmd.opcode, F_LEN(&loghdr->cmd),
                    loghdr->cmd.arg1, loghdr->mark);

                sa = (struct sockaddr *)((char *)sa + SA_SIZE(sa));
                if ((hdr->rtm_addrs & (1 << RTAX_GENMASK)) != 0 &&
                    msglen >= SA_SIZE(sa)) {
                        msglen -= SA_SIZE(sa);
                        bprintf(&bp, ", nh ");
                        bprint_sa(&bp, sa);
                }
                if (sdl->sdl_nlen > 0)
                        bprintf(&bp, " // %s", loghdr->comment);
                printf("%s\n", bp.buf);
        }
        bp_free(&bp);
        close(rtsock);
}

void
ipfw_internal_handler(int ac, char *av[])
{
        int tcmd;

        ac--; av++;
        NEED1("internal cmd required");

        if ((tcmd = match_token(intcmds, *av)) == -1)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid internal sub-cmd: %s", *av);

        switch (tcmd) {
        case TOK_IFLIST:
                ipfw_list_tifaces();
                break;
        case TOK_TALIST:
                ipfw_list_ta(ac, av);
                break;
        case TOK_OLIST:
                ipfw_list_objects(ac, av);
                break;
        case TOK_VLIST:
                ipfw_list_values(ac, av);
                break;
        case TOK_MONITOR:
                av++;
                ipfw_rtsock_monitor(*av);
                break;
        }
}

static int
ipfw_get_tracked_ifaces(ipfw_obj_lheader **polh)
{
        ipfw_obj_lheader req, *olh;
        size_t sz;

        memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
        sz = sizeof(req);

        if (do_get3(IP_FW_XIFLIST, &req.opheader, &sz) != 0) {
                if (errno != ENOMEM)
                        return (errno);
        }

        sz = req.size;
        if ((olh = calloc(1, sz)) == NULL)
                return (ENOMEM);

        olh->size = sz;
        if (do_get3(IP_FW_XIFLIST, &olh->opheader, &sz) != 0) {
                free(olh);
                return (errno);
        }

        *polh = olh;
        return (0);
}

static int
ifinfo_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
        const ipfw_iface_info *ia, *ib;

        ia = (const ipfw_iface_info *)a;
        ib = (const ipfw_iface_info *)b;

        return (stringnum_cmp(ia->ifname, ib->ifname));
}

/*
 * Retrieves table list from kernel,
 * optionally sorts it and calls requested function for each table.
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */
static void
ipfw_list_tifaces(void)
{
        ipfw_obj_lheader *olh = NULL;
        ipfw_iface_info *info;
        uint32_t i;
        int error;

        if ((error = ipfw_get_tracked_ifaces(&olh)) != 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "Unable to request ipfw tracked interface list");

        qsort(olh + 1, olh->count, olh->objsize, ifinfo_cmp);

        info = (ipfw_iface_info *)(olh + 1);
        for (i = 0; i < olh->count; i++) {
                if (info->flags & IPFW_IFFLAG_RESOLVED)
                        printf("%s ifindex: %d refcount: %u changes: %u\n",
                            info->ifname, info->ifindex, info->refcnt,
                            info->gencnt);
                else
                        printf("%s ifindex: unresolved refcount: %u changes: %u\n",
                            info->ifname, info->refcnt, info->gencnt);
                info = (ipfw_iface_info *)((caddr_t)info + olh->objsize);
        }

        free(olh);
}