/*      $NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.45 2011/10/09 22:49:26 christos Exp $        */

/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
 *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
 * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
 *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
 *    written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
#include "nbtool_config.h"
#endif

#include <sys/param.h>

#include <sys/mount.h>

#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <util.h>

#if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
#include <sys/statvfs.h>
#endif

#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>

#include "ffs/ufs_bswap.h"
#include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
#include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
#include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"

#undef clrbuf
#include "makefs.h"
#include "ffs.h"

#undef DIP
#define DIP(dp, field) \
        ((ffs_opts->version == 1) ? \
        (dp)->dp1.di_##field : (dp)->dp2.di_##field)

/*
 * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
 */
#define DFL_FRAGSIZE            4096            /* fragment size */
#define DFL_BLKSIZE             32768           /* block size */
#define DFL_SECSIZE             512             /* sector size */
#define DFL_CYLSPERGROUP        65536           /* cylinders per group */
#define DFL_FRAGSPERINODE       4               /* fragments per inode */
#define DFL_ROTDELAY            0               /* rotational delay */
#define DFL_NRPOS               1               /* rotational positions */
#define DFL_RPM                 3600            /* rpm of disk */
#define DFL_NSECTORS            64              /* # of sectors */
#define DFL_NTRACKS             16              /* # of tracks */


typedef struct {
        u_char          *buf;           /* buf for directory */
        doff_t          size;           /* full size of buf */
        doff_t          cur;            /* offset of current entry */
} dirbuf_t;


static  int     ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
static  void    ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
static  void    ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
static  void    ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
static  int     ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
static  void    ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
static  void    ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
static  void    ffs_write_file(union dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
static  void    ffs_write_inode(union dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
static  void    *ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
                                 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
static  void    *ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *, dirbuf_t *, fsnode *,
                                 fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);


        /* publicly visible functions */

void
ffs_prep_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        ffs_opt_t *ffs_opts = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*ffs_opts));

        const option_t ffs_options[] = {
            { 'b', "bsize", &ffs_opts->bsize, OPT_INT32,
              1, INT_MAX, "block size" },
            { 'f', "fsize", &ffs_opts->fsize, OPT_INT32,
              1, INT_MAX, "fragment size" },
            { 'd', "density", &ffs_opts->density, OPT_INT32,
              1, INT_MAX, "bytes per inode" },
            { 'm', "minfree", &ffs_opts->minfree, OPT_INT32,
              0, 99, "minfree" },
            { 'M', "maxbpg", &ffs_opts->maxbpg, OPT_INT32,
              1, INT_MAX, "max blocks per file in a cg" },
            { 'a', "avgfilesize", &ffs_opts->avgfilesize, OPT_INT32,
              1, INT_MAX, "expected average file size" },
            { 'n', "avgfpdir", &ffs_opts->avgfpdir, OPT_INT32,
              1, INT_MAX, "expected # of files per directory" },
            { 'x', "extent", &ffs_opts->maxbsize, OPT_INT32,
              1, INT_MAX, "maximum # extent size" },
            { 'g', "maxbpcg", &ffs_opts->maxblkspercg, OPT_INT32,
              1, INT_MAX, "max # of blocks per group" },
            { 'v', "version", &ffs_opts->version, OPT_INT32,
              1, 2, "UFS version" },
            { 'o', "optimization", NULL, OPT_STRBUF,
              0, 0, "Optimization (time|space)" },
            { 'l', "label", ffs_opts->label, OPT_STRARRAY,
              1, sizeof(ffs_opts->label), "UFS label" },
            { 's', "softupdates", &ffs_opts->softupdates, OPT_INT32,
              0, 1, "enable softupdates" },
            { .name = NULL }
        };

        ffs_opts->bsize= -1;
        ffs_opts->fsize= -1;
        ffs_opts->cpg= -1;
        ffs_opts->density= -1;
        ffs_opts->min_inodes= false;
        ffs_opts->minfree= -1;
        ffs_opts->optimization= -1;
        ffs_opts->maxcontig= -1;
        ffs_opts->maxbpg= -1;
        ffs_opts->avgfilesize= -1;
        ffs_opts->avgfpdir= -1;
        ffs_opts->version = 1;
        ffs_opts->softupdates = 0;

        fsopts->fs_specific = ffs_opts;
        fsopts->fs_options = copy_opts(ffs_options);
}

void
ffs_cleanup_opts(fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        free(fsopts->fs_specific);
        free(fsopts->fs_options);
}

int
ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
        option_t *ffs_options = fsopts->fs_options;
        char buf[1024];

        int     rv;

        assert(option != NULL);
        assert(fsopts != NULL);
        assert(ffs_opts != NULL);

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
                printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);

        rv = set_option(ffs_options, option, buf, sizeof(buf));
        if (rv == -1)
                return 0;

        if (ffs_options[rv].name == NULL)
                abort();

        switch (ffs_options[rv].letter) {
        case 'o':
                if (strcmp(buf, "time") == 0) {
                        ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
                } else if (strcmp(buf, "space") == 0) {
                        ffs_opts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
                } else {
                        warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", buf);
                        return 0;
                }
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }
        return 1;
}


void
ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        struct fs       *superblock;
        struct timeval  start;

        assert(image != NULL);
        assert(dir != NULL);
        assert(root != NULL);
        assert(fsopts != NULL);

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
                printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
                    image, dir, root);

                /* if user wants no free space, use minimum number of inodes */
        if (fsopts->minsize == 0 && fsopts->freeblockpc == 0 &&
            fsopts->freeblocks == 0)
                ((ffs_opt_t *)fsopts->fs_specific)->min_inodes = true;

                /* validate tree and options */
        TIMER_START(start);
        ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
        TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");

        printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
            image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);

                /* create image */
        TIMER_START(start);
        if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
                errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
        TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");

        fsopts->curinode = UFS_ROOTINO;

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
                putchar('\n');

                /* populate image */
        printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
        TIMER_START(start);
        if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
                errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
        TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");

                /* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
                bcleanup();

                /* update various superblock parameters */
        superblock = fsopts->superblock;
        superblock->fs_fmod = 0;
        superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_ndir   = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir;
        superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nbfree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree;
        superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nifree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree;
        superblock->fs_old_cstotal.cs_nffree = superblock->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree;

                /* write out superblock; image is now complete */
        ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
        if (close(fsopts->fd) == -1)
                err(1, "Closing `%s'", image);
        fsopts->fd = -1;
        printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
}

        /* end of public functions */


static void
ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
#ifdef notyet
        int32_t spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
#endif
        ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;

        assert(dir != NULL);
        assert(root != NULL);
        assert(fsopts != NULL);
        assert(ffs_opts != NULL);

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
                printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
                ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
        }

                /* set FFS defaults */
        if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
                fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
        if (fsopts->sectorsize != DFL_SECSIZE)
                warnx("sectorsize %d may produce nonfunctional image",
                    fsopts->sectorsize);
        if (ffs_opts->fsize == -1)
                ffs_opts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
        if (ffs_opts->bsize == -1)
                ffs_opts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * ffs_opts->fsize);
        if (ffs_opts->cpg == -1)
                ffs_opts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
        else
                ffs_opts->cpgflg = 1;
                                /* fsopts->density is set below */
        if (ffs_opts->nsectors == -1)
                ffs_opts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
        if (ffs_opts->minfree == -1)
                ffs_opts->minfree = MINFREE;
        if (ffs_opts->optimization == -1)
                ffs_opts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
        if (ffs_opts->maxcontig == -1)
                ffs_opts->maxcontig =
                    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, FFS_MAXBSIZE) / ffs_opts->bsize);
        /* XXX ondisk32 */
        if (ffs_opts->maxbpg == -1)
                ffs_opts->maxbpg = ffs_opts->bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
        if (ffs_opts->avgfilesize == -1)
                ffs_opts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
        if (ffs_opts->avgfpdir == -1)
                ffs_opts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;

        if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 &&
            roundup(fsopts->minsize, ffs_opts->bsize) > fsopts->maxsize)
                errx(1, "`%s' minsize of %lld rounded up to ffs bsize of %d "
                    "exceeds maxsize %lld.  Lower bsize, or round the minimum "
                    "and maximum sizes to bsize.", dir,
                    (long long)fsopts->minsize, ffs_opts->bsize,
                    (long long)fsopts->maxsize);

                /* calculate size of tree */
        ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
        fsopts->inodes += UFS_ROOTINO;          /* include first two inodes */

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
                printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
                    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);

                /* add requested slop */
        fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
        fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
        if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
                fsopts->inodes =
                    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
        if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
                fsopts->size =
                    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;

        /*
         * Add space needed for superblock, cylblock and to store inodes.
         * All of those segments are aligned to the block size.
         * XXX: This has to match calculations done in ffs_mkfs.
         */
        if (ffs_opts->version == 1) {
                fsopts->size +=
                    roundup(SBLOCK_UFS1 + SBLOCKSIZE, ffs_opts->bsize);
                fsopts->size += roundup(SBLOCKSIZE, ffs_opts->bsize);
                fsopts->size += ffs_opts->bsize;
                fsopts->size +=  DINODE1_SIZE *
                    roundup(fsopts->inodes, ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE1_SIZE);
        } else {
                fsopts->size +=
                    roundup(SBLOCK_UFS2 + SBLOCKSIZE, ffs_opts->bsize);
                fsopts->size += roundup(SBLOCKSIZE, ffs_opts->bsize);
                fsopts->size += ffs_opts->bsize;
                fsopts->size += DINODE2_SIZE *
                    roundup(fsopts->inodes, ffs_opts->bsize / DINODE2_SIZE);
        }

                /* add minfree */
        if (ffs_opts->minfree > 0)
                fsopts->size =
                    fsopts->size * (100 + ffs_opts->minfree) / 100;
        /*
         * XXX  any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, bitmaps, etc ??
         */

        if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)     /* ensure meets minimum size */
                fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;

                /* round up to the next block */
        fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, ffs_opts->bsize);

                /* round up to requested block size, if any */
        if (fsopts->roundup > 0)
                fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, fsopts->roundup);

                /* calculate density to just fit inodes if no free space */
        if (ffs_opts->density == -1)
                ffs_opts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
                printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
                ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
                printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
                    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
        }
                /* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
        if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
                errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
                    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
        }
}


static void
ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
{

        ffs_opt_t       *fs = f->fs_specific;

        printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);

        printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
            (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);

        printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
            (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
        printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
            (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
        printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
            (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
        printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);

        printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
            fs->bsize, fs->fsize, fs->cpg, fs->density);
        printf("\tnsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
            fs->nsectors, fs->rpm, fs->minfree);
        printf("\tmaxcontig %d, maxbpg %d\n",
            fs->maxcontig, fs->maxbpg);
        printf("\toptimization %s\n",
            fs->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
}


static int
ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
        struct statvfs  sfs;
#endif
        struct fs       *fs;
        char    *buf;
        int     i, bufsize;
        off_t   bufrem;
        int     oflags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
        time_t  tstamp;

        assert (image != NULL);
        assert (fsopts != NULL);

                /* create image */
        if (fsopts->offset == 0)
                oflags |= O_TRUNC;
        if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, oflags, 0666)) == -1) {
                warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
                return (-1);
        }

                /* zero image */
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
        if (fstatvfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
#endif
                bufsize = 8192;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STATVFS_F_IOSIZE && HAVE_FSTATVFS
                warn("can't fstatvfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
                    image, bufsize);
        } else
                bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
#endif
        bufrem = fsopts->size;
        if (fsopts->sparse) {
                if (ftruncate(fsopts->fd, bufrem) == -1) {
                        warn("sparse option disabled.");
                        fsopts->sparse = 0;
                }
        }
        if (fsopts->sparse) {
                /* File truncated at bufrem. Remaining is 0 */
                bufrem = 0;
                buf = NULL;
        } else {
                if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
                        printf("zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, "
                            "using %d byte chunks\n", image, (long long)bufrem,
                            bufsize);
                buf = ecalloc(1, bufsize);
        }

        if (fsopts->offset != 0)
                if (lseek(fsopts->fd, fsopts->offset, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
                        warn("can't seek");
                        free(buf);
                        return -1;
                }

        while (bufrem > 0) {
                i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
                if (i == -1) {
                        warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
                            (long long)bufrem);
                        free(buf);
                        return (-1);
                }
                bufrem -= i;
        }
        if (buf)
                free(buf);

                /* make the file system */
        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
                printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);

        if (stampst.st_ino != 0)
                tstamp = stampst.st_ctime;
        else
                tstamp = start_time.tv_sec;

        srandom(tstamp);

        fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts, tstamp);
        fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
                time_t t;

                t = (time_t)((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
                printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
                    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
                printf("fs totals: nbfree %lld, nffree %lld, nifree %lld, ndir %lld\n",
                    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree,
                    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree,
                    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
                    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir);
        }

        if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + (off_t)UFS_ROOTINO < fsopts->inodes) {
                warnx(
                "Image file `%s' has %lld free inodes; %lld are required.",
                    image,
                    (long long)(fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree + UFS_ROOTINO),
                    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
                return (-1);
        }
        return (fsopts->fd);
}

static void
ffs_add_size(fsinfo_t *fsopts, size_t file_len)
{
        ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
        size_t          blocks, fs_nindir, overhead;
        int             indir_level;

        blocks = howmany(file_len, ffs_opts->bsize);

        if (blocks <= UFS_NDADDR) {
                /* Count full blocks. */
                fsopts->size += rounddown2(file_len, ffs_opts->bsize);
                /* Calculate fragment size needed. */
                overhead = howmany(file_len -
                    rounddown2(file_len, ffs_opts->bsize), ffs_opts->fsize);

                /*
                 * A file could have just 1 fragment with size 1/8, 1/4 or 1/2
                 * of bsize.
                 */
                switch (overhead) {
                case 0:
                        break;
                case 1:
                        fsopts->size += ffs_opts->fsize;
                        break;
                case 2:
                        fsopts->size += 2 * ffs_opts->fsize;
                        break;
                case 3:
                case 4:
                        fsopts->size += 4 * ffs_opts->fsize;
                        break;
                default:
                        fsopts->size += ffs_opts->bsize;
                        break;
                }
                return;
        }

        /* File does not fit into direct blocks, count indirect blocks. */
        blocks = howmany(file_len - UFS_NDADDR * (size_t)ffs_opts->bsize,
            ffs_opts->bsize);
        fs_nindir = (size_t)ffs_opts->bsize / ((ffs_opts->version == 1) ?
            sizeof(ufs1_daddr_t) : sizeof(ufs2_daddr_t));

        indir_level = overhead = 0;
        while (blocks > 0 && indir_level < 3) {
                /* One indirect block is stored in di_ib[] */
                blocks = howmany(blocks, fs_nindir) - 1;
                fsopts->size += ffs_opts->bsize * blocks;
                overhead += blocks + 1;
                indir_level++;
        }

        assert(blocks == 0);

        if ((debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE) != 0) {
                printf("ffs_size_dir: size %jd, using %d levels of indirect "
                    "blocks, overhead %jd blocks\n", (uintmax_t)file_len,
                    indir_level, (uintmax_t)overhead);
        }

        /*
         * If the file is big enough to use indirect blocks,
         * we allocate bsize block for trailing data.
         */
        fsopts->size += roundup2(file_len, ffs_opts->bsize);
}

static void
ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        struct direct   tmpdir;
        fsnode *        node;
        int             curdirsize, this;
        ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;

        /* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
        assert(fsopts != NULL);
        assert(ffs_opts != NULL);

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
                printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
                    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);

#define ADDDIRENT(e) do {                                               \
        tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));                                  \
        this = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &tmpdir, 0);                                      \
        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)                       \
                printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",      \
                    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);              \
        if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))         \
                curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);            \
        curdirsize += this;                                             \
        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)                       \
                printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",      \
                    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);              \
} while (0);


        curdirsize = 0;
        for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
                ADDDIRENT(node->name);
                if (node == root) {                     /* we're at "." */
                        assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
                        ADDDIRENT("..");
                } else if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
                                /* don't count duplicate names */
                        node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
                        if ((debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE) != 0)
                                printf("ffs_size_dir: `%s' size %lld\n",
                                    node->name,
                                    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
                        fsopts->inodes++;
                        if (node->type == S_IFREG)
                                ffs_add_size(fsopts, node->inode->st.st_size);
                        if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
                                size_t slen;

                                slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
                                if (slen >= (ffs_opts->version == 1 ?
                                                UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN :
                                                UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN))
                                        ffs_add_size(fsopts, slen);
                        }
                }
                if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
                        ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
        }
        ffs_add_size(fsopts, curdirsize);

        /* Round up to full block to account fragment scattering. */
        fsopts->size = roundup2(fsopts->size, ffs_opts->bsize);

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
                printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
                    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
}

static void *
ffs_build_dinode1(struct ufs1_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
                 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        size_t slen;
        void *membuf;
        struct stat *st;

        st = &cur->inode->st;
        memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
        dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
        dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
        dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
        dinp->di_flags = FSINODE_ST_FLAGS(*cur->inode);
        dinp->di_gen = random();
        dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
        dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;

        dinp->di_atime = st->st_atime;
        dinp->di_mtime = st->st_mtime;
        dinp->di_ctime = st->st_ctime;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
        dinp->di_atimensec = st->st_atimensec;
        dinp->di_mtimensec = st->st_mtimensec;
        dinp->di_ctimensec = st->st_ctimensec;
#endif
                /* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */

        membuf = NULL;
        if (cur == root) {                      /* "."; write dirbuf */
                membuf = dbufp->buf;
                dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
        } else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
                dinp->di_size = 0;      /* a device */
                dinp->di_rdev =
                    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
        } else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {        /* symlink */
                slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
                if (slen < UFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN) {        /* short link */
                        memcpy(dinp->di_shortlink, cur->symlink, slen);
                } else
                        membuf = cur->symlink;
                dinp->di_size = slen;
        }
        return membuf;
}

static void *
ffs_build_dinode2(struct ufs2_dinode *dinp, dirbuf_t *dbufp, fsnode *cur,
                 fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        size_t slen;
        void *membuf;
        struct stat *st;

        st = &cur->inode->st;
        memset(dinp, 0, sizeof(*dinp));
        dinp->di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
        dinp->di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
        dinp->di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
        dinp->di_flags = FSINODE_ST_FLAGS(*cur->inode);
        dinp->di_gen = random();
        dinp->di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
        dinp->di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;

        dinp->di_atime = st->st_atime;
        dinp->di_mtime = st->st_mtime;
        dinp->di_ctime = st->st_ctime;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
        dinp->di_birthtime = st->st_birthtime;
#else
        dinp->di_birthtime = st->st_ctime;
#endif
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
        dinp->di_atimensec = st->st_atimensec;
        dinp->di_mtimensec = st->st_mtimensec;
        dinp->di_ctimensec = st->st_ctimensec;
#if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_BIRTHTIME
        dinp->di_birthnsec = st->st_birthtimensec;
#else
        dinp->di_birthnsec = st->st_ctimensec;
#endif
#endif

                /* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */

        membuf = NULL;
        if (cur == root) {                      /* "."; write dirbuf */
                membuf = dbufp->buf;
                dinp->di_size = dbufp->size;
        } else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
                dinp->di_size = 0;      /* a device */
                dinp->di_rdev =
                    ufs_rw64(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
        } else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {        /* symlink */
                slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
                if (slen < UFS2_MAXSYMLINKLEN) {        /* short link */
                        memcpy(dinp->di_shortlink, cur->symlink, slen);
                } else
                        membuf = cur->symlink;
                dinp->di_size = slen;
        }
        return membuf;
}

static int
ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        fsnode          *cur;
        dirbuf_t        dirbuf;
        union dinode    din;
        void            *membuf;
        char            path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
        ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;

        assert(dir != NULL);
        assert(root != NULL);
        assert(fsopts != NULL);
        assert(ffs_opts != NULL);

        (void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
                printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);

                /*
                 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
                 */
        for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
                if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
                        cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
                        if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
                                cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
                        else {
                                cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
                                fsopts->curinode++;
                        }
                }
                ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
                if (cur == root) {              /* we're at "."; add ".." */
                        ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
                            cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
                            fsopts->needswap);
                        root->inode->nlink++;   /* count my parent's link */
                } else if (cur->child != NULL)
                        root->inode->nlink++;   /* count my child's link */

                /*
                 * XXX  possibly write file and long symlinks here,
                 *      ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
                 *      otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
                 *      cares about ordering? :-)
                 */
        }
        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
                ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);

                /*
                 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
                 */
        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
                printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
        for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
                if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
                        continue;               /* skip hard-linked entries */
                cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;

                if (cur->contents == NULL) {
                        if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/%s", cur->root,
                            cur->path, cur->name) >= (int)sizeof(path))
                                errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
                }

                if (cur->child != NULL)
                        continue;               /* child creates own inode */

                                /* build on-disk inode */
                if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
                        membuf = ffs_build_dinode1(&din.dp1, &dirbuf, cur,
                            root, fsopts);
                else
                        membuf = ffs_build_dinode2(&din.dp2, &dirbuf, cur,
                            root, fsopts);

                if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
                        printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
                            cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
                        if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
                                printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
                        putchar('\n');
                }

                if (membuf != NULL) {
                        ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
                } else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
                        ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino,
                            (cur->contents) ?  cur->contents : path, fsopts);
                } else {
                        assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
                        ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
                }
        }

                /*
                 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
                 */
        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
                printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
        for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
                if (cur->child == NULL)
                        continue;
                if ((size_t)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir,
                    cur->name) >= sizeof(path))
                        errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
                if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
                        return (0);
        }

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
                printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);

                /* cleanup */
        if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
                free(dirbuf.buf);
        return (1);
}


static void
ffs_write_file(union dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        int     isfile, ffd;
        char    *fbuf, *p;
        off_t   bufleft, chunk, offset;
        ssize_t nread;
        struct inode    in;
        struct m_buf *  bp;
        ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;
        struct m_vnode vp = { fsopts, NULL };

        assert (din != NULL);
        assert (buf != NULL);
        assert (fsopts != NULL);
        assert (ffs_opts != NULL);

        isfile = S_ISREG(DIP(din, mode));
        fbuf = NULL;
        ffd = -1;
        p = NULL;

        in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
        in.i_devvp = (void *)&vp;

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
                printf(
                    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
                    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
                    (long long)DIP(din, size));
                if (isfile)
                        printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
                else
                        printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
        }

        in.i_number = ino;
        in.i_size = DIP(din, size);
        if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
                memcpy(&in.i_din.dp1, &din->dp1,
                    sizeof(in.i_din.dp1));
        else
                memcpy(&in.i_din.dp2, &din->dp2,
                    sizeof(in.i_din.dp2));

        if (DIP(din, size) == 0)
                goto write_inode_and_leave;             /* mmm, cheating */

        if (isfile) {
                fbuf = emalloc(ffs_opts->bsize);
                if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
                        err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
                }
        } else {
                p = buf;
        }

        chunk = 0;
        for (bufleft = DIP(din, size); bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
                chunk = MIN(bufleft, ffs_opts->bsize);
                if (!isfile)
                        ;
                else if ((nread = read(ffd, fbuf, chunk)) == -1)
                        err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
                            (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
                else if (nread != chunk)
                        errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go, "
                            "read %zd bytes, expected %ju bytes, does "
                            "metalog size= attribute mismatch source size?",
                            (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft, nread,
                            (uintmax_t)chunk);
                else
                        p = fbuf;
                offset = DIP(din, size) - bufleft;
                if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
                        printf(
                "ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
                            p, (long long)offset,
                            (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
        /*
         * XXX  if holey support is desired, do the check here
         *
         * XXX  might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
         *      sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
         */
                errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
 bad_ffs_write_file:
                if (errno != 0)
                        err(1,
                            "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
                            ino,
                            isfile ? (char *)buf :
                              inode_type(DIP(din, mode) & S_IFMT),
                            (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
                memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
                errno = bwrite(bp);
                if (errno != 0)
                        goto bad_ffs_write_file;
                if (!isfile)
                        p += chunk;
        }
  
 write_inode_and_leave:
        ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
        if (fbuf)
                free(fbuf);
        if (ffd != -1)
                close(ffd);
}


static void
ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
{
        doff_t          i;
        struct direct   *de;
        uint16_t        reclen;

        assert (dbuf != NULL);
        assert (dir != NULL);
        printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
            dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);

        for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
                de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
                reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
                printf(
            " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
                    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
                    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
                    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
                i += reclen;
                assert(reclen > 0);
        }
}

static void
ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
{
        struct direct   de, *dp;
        uint16_t        llen, reclen;
        u_char          *newbuf;

        assert (dbuf != NULL);
        assert (name != NULL);
        assert (node != NULL);
                                        /* create direct entry */
        (void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
        de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
        de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
        de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
        strcpy(de.d_name, name);
        reclen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, &de, needswap);
        de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);

        dp = dbuf->buf == NULL ? NULL : (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
        llen = 0;
        if (dp != NULL)
                llen = DIRSIZ_SWAP(0, dp, needswap);

        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
                printf(
                    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
                    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
                    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
                    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
                    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);

        if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
                if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
                        printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
                            dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ);
                newbuf = erealloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size + DIRBLKSIZ);
                dbuf->buf = newbuf;
                dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;
                memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
                dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
        } else if (dp) {                        /* shrink end of previous */
                dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
                dbuf->cur += llen;
        }
        dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
        memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
        dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
}

/*
 * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
 */
static void
ffs_write_inode(union dinode *dp, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
{
        char            *buf;
        struct ufs1_dinode *dp1;
        struct ufs2_dinode *dp2, *dip;
        struct cg       *cgp;
        struct fs       *fs;
        int             cg, cgino;
        uint32_t        i;
        daddr_t         d;
        char            sbbuf[FFS_MAXBSIZE];
        uint32_t        initediblk;
        ffs_opt_t       *ffs_opts = fsopts->fs_specific;

        assert (dp != NULL);
        assert (ino > 0);
        assert (fsopts != NULL);
        assert (ffs_opts != NULL);

        fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
        cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
        cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
        if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
                printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
                    dp, ino, cg, cgino);

        ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
            fsopts);
        cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
        if (!cg_chkmagic_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
                errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);

        assert (isclr(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));

        buf = emalloc(fs->fs_bsize);
        dp1 = (struct ufs1_dinode *)buf;
        dp2 = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;

        if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
                errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
                    ino);
        if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
                errx(1,
                    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
                    cg, ino);
        setbit(cg_inosused_swap(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
        ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
        fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
        fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
        if (S_ISDIR(DIP(dp, mode))) {
                ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
                fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
                fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++; 
        }

        /*
         * Initialize inode blocks on the fly for UFS2.
         */
        initediblk = ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
        while (ffs_opts->version == 2 && cgino + INOPB(fs) > initediblk &&
            initediblk < ufs_rw32(cgp->cg_niblk, fsopts->needswap)) {
                memset(buf, 0, fs->fs_bsize);
                dip = (struct ufs2_dinode *)buf;
                for (i = 0; i < INOPB(fs); i++) {
                        dip->di_gen = random();
                        dip++;
                }
                ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs,
                                  cg * fs->fs_ipg + initediblk)),
                    fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
                initediblk += INOPB(fs);
                cgp->cg_initediblk = ufs_rw32(initediblk, fsopts->needswap);
        }


        ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
            fsopts);

                                        /* now write inode */
        d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
        ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
        if (fsopts->needswap) {
                if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
                        ffs_dinode1_swap(&dp->dp1,
                            &dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
                else
                        ffs_dinode2_swap(&dp->dp2,
                            &dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
        } else {
                if (ffs_opts->version == 1)
                        dp1[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->dp1;
                else
                        dp2[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = dp->dp2;
        }
        ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, buf, fsopts);
        free(buf);
}

void
panic(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap;

        va_start(ap, fmt);
        vwarnx(fmt, ap);
        va_end(ap);
        exit(1);
}