/*      $OpenBSD: options.c,v 1.115 2024/05/10 20:28:31 millert Exp $   */
/*      $NetBSD: options.c,v 1.6 1996/03/26 23:54:18 mrg Exp $  */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1992 Keith Muller.
 * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "pax.h"
#include "cpio.h"
#include "tar.h"
#include "extern.h"

static int bad_opt(void);
static int opt_add(const char *);
/*
 * argv[0] names. Used for tar and cpio emulation
 */

#define NM_TAR  "tar"
#define NM_CPIO "cpio"
#define NM_PAX  "pax"

/*
 * Constants used to specify the legal sets of flags in pax. For each major
 * operation mode of pax, a set of illegal flags is defined. If any one of
 * those illegal flags are found set, we scream and exit
 */

/*
 * flags (one for each option).
 */
#define AF      0x00000001
#define BF      0x00000002
#define CF      0x00000004
#define DF      0x00000008
#define FF      0x00000010
#define IF      0x00000020
#define KF      0x00000040
#define LF      0x00000080
#define NF      0x00000100
#define OF      0x00000200
#define PF      0x00000400
#define RF      0x00000800
#define SF      0x00001000
#define TF      0x00002000
#define UF      0x00004000
#define VF      0x00008000
#define WF      0x00010000
#define XF      0x00020000
#define CBF     0x00040000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CDF     0x00080000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CEF     0x00100000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CGF     0x00200000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CHF     0x00400000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CLF     0x00800000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CPF     0x01000000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CTF     0x02000000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CUF     0x04000000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CXF     0x08000000
#define CYF     0x10000000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define CZF     0x20000000      /* nonstandard extension */
#define C0F     0x40000000      /* nonstandard extension */

/*
 * ascii string indexed by bit position above (alter the above and you must
 * alter this string) used to tell the user what flags caused us to complain
 */
#define FLGCH   "abcdfiklnoprstuvwxBDEGHLPTUXYZ0"

/*
 * legal pax operation bit patterns
 */

#define ISLIST(x)       (((x) & (RF|WF)) == 0)
#define ISEXTRACT(x)    (((x) & (RF|WF)) == RF)
#define ISARCHIVE(x)    (((x) & (AF|RF|WF)) == WF)
#define ISAPPND(x)      (((x) & (AF|RF|WF)) == (AF|WF))
#define ISCOPY(x)       (((x) & (RF|WF)) == (RF|WF))
#define ISWRITE(x)      (((x) & (RF|WF)) == WF)

/*
 * Illegal option flag subsets based on pax operation
 */

#define BDEXTR  (AF|BF|LF|TF|WF|XF|CBF|CHF|CLF|CPF|CXF)
#define BDARCH  (CF|KF|LF|NF|PF|RF|CDF|CEF|CYF|CZF)
#define BDCOPY  (AF|BF|FF|OF|XF|CBF|CEF)
#define BDLIST (AF|BF|IF|KF|LF|OF|PF|RF|TF|UF|WF|XF|CBF|CDF|CHF|CLF|CPF|CXF|CYF|CZF)


/*
 * Routines which handle command line options
 */

static char flgch[] = FLGCH;    /* list of all possible flags */
static OPLIST *ophead = NULL;   /* head for format specific options -x */
static OPLIST *optail = NULL;   /* option tail */

static int no_op(void);
static void printflg(unsigned int);
static off_t str_offt(char *);
static char *get_line(FILE *fp);
static void pax_options(int, char **);
static void pax_usage(void);
static void tar_options(int, char **);
static void tar_usage(void);
#ifndef NOCPIO
static void cpio_options(int, char **);
static void cpio_usage(void);
#endif

static int compress_id(char *_blk, int _size);
static int gzip_id(char *_blk, int _size);
static int bzip2_id(char *_blk, int _size);
static int xz_id(char *_blk, int _size);

#define GZIP_CMD        "gzip"          /* command to run as gzip */
#define COMPRESS_CMD    "compress"      /* command to run as compress */
#define BZIP2_CMD       "bzip2"         /* command to run as bzip2 */

/*
 *      Format specific routine table
 *      (see pax.h for description of each function)
 *
 *      name, blksz, hdsz, udev, hlk, blkagn, inhead, id, st_read,
 *      read, end_read, st_write, write, end_write, trail,
 *      rd_data, wr_data, options
 */

FSUB fsub[] = {
#ifdef NOCPIO
/* 0: OLD BINARY CPIO */
        { },
/* 1: OLD OCTAL CHARACTER CPIO */
        { },
/* 2: SVR4 HEX CPIO */
        { },
/* 3: SVR4 HEX CPIO WITH CRC */
        { },
#else
/* 0: OLD BINARY CPIO */
        {"bcpio", 5120, sizeof(HD_BCPIO), 1, 0, 0, 1, bcpio_id, cpio_strd,
        bcpio_rd, bcpio_endrd, cpio_stwr, bcpio_wr, cpio_endwr, cpio_trail,
        bad_opt},

/* 1: OLD OCTAL CHARACTER CPIO */
        {"cpio", 5120, sizeof(HD_CPIO), 1, 0, 0, 1, cpio_id, cpio_strd,
        cpio_rd, cpio_endrd, cpio_stwr, cpio_wr, cpio_endwr, cpio_trail,
        bad_opt},

/* 2: SVR4 HEX CPIO */
        {"sv4cpio", 5120, sizeof(HD_VCPIO), 1, 0, 0, 1, vcpio_id, cpio_strd,
        vcpio_rd, vcpio_endrd, cpio_stwr, vcpio_wr, cpio_endwr, cpio_trail,
        bad_opt},

/* 3: SVR4 HEX CPIO WITH CRC */
        {"sv4crc", 5120, sizeof(HD_VCPIO), 1, 0, 0, 1, crc_id, crc_strd,
        vcpio_rd, vcpio_endrd, crc_stwr, vcpio_wr, cpio_endwr, cpio_trail,
        bad_opt},
#endif
/* 4: OLD TAR */
        {"tar", 10240, BLKMULT, 0, 1, BLKMULT, 0, tar_id, no_op,
        tar_rd, tar_endrd, no_op, tar_wr, tar_endwr, tar_trail,
        tar_opt},

/* 5: POSIX USTAR */
        {"ustar", 10240, BLKMULT, 0, 1, BLKMULT, 0, ustar_id, no_op,
        ustar_rd, tar_endrd, no_op, ustar_wr, tar_endwr, tar_trail,
        tar_opt},

#ifdef SMALL
/* 6: compress, to detect failure to use -Z */
        { },
/* 7: xz, to detect failure to decompress it */
        { },
/* 8: bzip2, to detect failure to use -j */
        { },
/* 9: gzip, to detect failure to use -z */
        { },
/* 10: POSIX PAX */
        { },
#else
/* 6: compress, to detect failure to use -Z */
        {NULL, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, compress_id},
/* 7: xz, to detect failure to decompress it */
        {NULL, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, xz_id},
/* 8: bzip2, to detect failure to use -j */
        {NULL, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, bzip2_id},
/* 9: gzip, to detect failure to use -z */
        {NULL, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, gzip_id},
/* 10: POSIX PAX */
        {"pax", 5120, BLKMULT, 0, 1, BLKMULT, 0, pax_id, no_op,
        ustar_rd, tar_endrd, no_op, pax_wr, tar_endwr, tar_trail,
        pax_opt},
#endif
};
#define F_OCPIO 0       /* format when called as cpio -6 */
#define F_ACPIO 1       /* format when called as cpio -c */
#define F_CPIO  3       /* format when called as cpio */
#define F_OTAR  4       /* format when called as tar -o */
#ifdef SMALL
# define F_TAR  5       /* default write format when called as tar: ustar */
# define DEFLT  5       /* default write format when called as pax: ustar */
#else
# define F_TAR  10      /* default write format when called as tar: pax */
# define DEFLT  10      /* default write format when called as pax: pax */
#endif

/*
 * ford is the archive search order used by get_arc() to determine what kind
 * of archive we are dealing with. This helps to properly id archive formats
 * some formats may be subsets of others....
 */
int ford[] = {10, 5, 4, 9, 8, 7, 6, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1};

/*
 * Do we have -C anywhere and what is it?
 */
int havechd = 0;
char *chdname = NULL;

/*
 * options()
 *      figure out if we are pax, tar or cpio. Call the appropriate options
 *      parser
 */

void
options(int argc, char **argv)
{
        extern char *__progname;

        /*
         * Are we acting like pax, tar or cpio (based on argv[0])
         */
        argv0 = __progname;

        if (strcmp(NM_TAR, argv0) == 0) {
                op_mode = OP_TAR;
                tar_options(argc, argv);
#ifndef NOCPIO
        } else if (strcmp(NM_CPIO, argv0) == 0) {
                op_mode = OP_CPIO;
                cpio_options(argc, argv);
#endif /* !NOCPIO */
        } else {
                argv0 = NM_PAX;
                op_mode = OP_PAX;
                pax_options(argc, argv);
        }

        /* Line-buffer the file list output as needed. */
        if (listf != stderr)
                setvbuf(listf, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
}

/*
 * pax_options()
 *      look at the user specified flags. set globals as required and check if
 *      the user specified a legal set of flags. If not, complain and exit
 */

static void
pax_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int c;
        unsigned i;
        unsigned int flg = 0;
        unsigned int bflg = 0;
        const char *errstr;
        char *pt;

        /*
         * process option flags
         */
        while ((c=getopt(argc,argv,"ab:cdf:ijklno:p:rs:tuvwx:zB:DE:G:HLOPT:U:XYZ0"))
            != -1) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'a':
                        /*
                         * append
                         */
                        flg |= AF;
                        break;
                case 'b':
                        /*
                         * specify blocksize
                         */
                        flg |= BF;
                        if ((wrblksz = (int)str_offt(optarg)) <= 0) {
                                paxwarn(1, "Invalid block size %s", optarg);
                                pax_usage();
                        }
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        /*
                         * inverse match on patterns
                         */
                        cflag = 1;
                        flg |= CF;
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        /*
                         * match only dir on extract, not the subtree at dir
                         */
                        dflag = 1;
                        flg |= DF;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        /*
                         * filename where the archive is stored
                         */
                        arcname = optarg;
                        flg |= FF;
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        /*
                         * interactive file rename
                         */
                        iflag = 1;
                        flg |= IF;
                        break;
                case 'j':
                        /*
                         * use bzip2.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        gzip_program = BZIP2_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'k':
                        /*
                         * do not clobber files that exist
                         */
                        kflag = 1;
                        flg |= KF;
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        /*
                         * try to link src to dest with copy (-rw)
                         */
                        lflag = 1;
                        flg |= LF;
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        /*
                         * select first match for a pattern only
                         */
                        nflag = 1;
                        flg |= NF;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        /*
                         * pass format specific options
                         */
                        flg |= OF;
                        if (opt_add(optarg) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        /*
                         * specify file characteristic options
                         */
                        for (pt = optarg; *pt != '\0'; ++pt) {
                                switch (*pt) {
                                case 'a':
                                        /*
                                         * do not preserve access time
                                         */
                                        patime = 0;
                                        break;
                                case 'e':
                                        /*
                                         * preserve user id, group id, file
                                         * mode, access/modification times
                                         */
                                        pids = 1;
                                        pmode = 1;
                                        patime = 1;
                                        pmtime = 1;
                                        break;
                                case 'm':
                                        /*
                                         * do not preserve modification time
                                         */
                                        pmtime = 0;
                                        break;
                                case 'o':
                                        /*
                                         * preserve uid/gid
                                         */
                                        pids = 1;
                                        break;
                                case 'p':
                                        /*
                                         * preserve file mode bits
                                         */
                                        pmode = 1;
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        paxwarn(1, "Invalid -p string: %c", *pt);
                                        pax_usage();
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        flg |= PF;
                        break;
                case 'r':
                        /*
                         * read the archive
                         */
                        flg |= RF;
                        break;
                case 's':
                        /*
                         * file name substitution name pattern
                         */
                        if (rep_add(optarg) < 0) {
                                pax_usage();
                                break;
                        }
                        flg |= SF;
                        break;
                case 't':
                        /*
                         * preserve access time on filesystem nodes we read
                         */
                        tflag = 1;
                        flg |= TF;
                        break;
                case 'u':
                        /*
                         * ignore those older files
                         */
                        uflag = 1;
                        flg |= UF;
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        /*
                         * verbose operation mode
                         */
                        vflag = 1;
                        flg |= VF;
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        /*
                         * write an archive
                         */
                        flg |= WF;
                        break;
                case 'x':
                        /*
                         * specify an archive format on write
                         */
                        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB); ++i)
                                if (fsub[i].name != NULL &&
                                    strcmp(fsub[i].name, optarg) == 0)
                                        break;
                        if (i < sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB)) {
                                frmt = &fsub[i];
                                flg |= XF;
                                break;
                        }
                        paxwarn(1, "Unknown -x format: %s", optarg);
                        (void)fputs("pax: Known -x formats are:", stderr);
                        for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB)); ++i)
                                if (fsub[i].name != NULL)
                                        (void)fprintf(stderr, " %s",
                                            fsub[i].name);
                        (void)fputs("\n\n", stderr);
                        pax_usage();
                        break;
                case 'z':
                        /*
                         * use gzip.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        gzip_program = GZIP_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'B':
                        /*
                         * non-standard option on number of bytes written on a
                         * single archive volume.
                         */
                        if ((wrlimit = str_offt(optarg)) <= 0) {
                                paxwarn(1, "Invalid write limit %s", optarg);
                                pax_usage();
                        }
                        if (wrlimit % BLKMULT) {
                                paxwarn(1, "Write limit is not a %d byte multiple",
                                    BLKMULT);
                                pax_usage();
                        }
                        flg |= CBF;
                        break;
                case 'D':
                        /*
                         * On extraction check file inode change time before the
                         * modification of the file name. Non standard option.
                         */
                        Dflag = 1;
                        flg |= CDF;
                        break;
                case 'E':
                        /*
                         * non-standard limit on read faults
                         * 0 indicates stop after first error, values
                         * indicate a limit
                         */
                        flg |= CEF;
                        maxflt = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
                        if (errstr) {
                                paxwarn(1, "Error count value: %s", errstr);
                                pax_usage();
                        }
                        break;
                case 'G':
                        /*
                         * non-standard option for selecting files within an
                         * archive by group (gid or name)
                         */
                        if (grp_add(optarg) < 0) {
                                pax_usage();
                                break;
                        }
                        flg |= CGF;
                        break;
                case 'H':
                        /*
                         * follow command line symlinks only
                         */
                        Hflag = 1;
                        flg |= CHF;
                        break;
                case 'L':
                        /*
                         * follow symlinks
                         */
                        Lflag = 1;
                        flg |= CLF;
                        break;
                case 'O':
                        /*
                         * Force one volume.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        force_one_volume = 1;
                        break;
                case 'P':
                        /*
                         * do NOT follow symlinks (default)
                         */
                        Lflag = 0;
                        flg |= CPF;
                        break;
                case 'T':
                        /*
                         * non-standard option for selecting files within an
                         * archive by modification time range (lower,upper)
                         */
                        if (trng_add(optarg) < 0) {
                                pax_usage();
                                break;
                        }
                        flg |= CTF;
                        break;
                case 'U':
                        /*
                         * non-standard option for selecting files within an
                         * archive by user (uid or name)
                         */
                        if (usr_add(optarg) < 0) {
                                pax_usage();
                                break;
                        }
                        flg |= CUF;
                        break;
                case 'X':
                        /*
                         * do not pass over mount points in the file system
                         */
                        Xflag = 1;
                        flg |= CXF;
                        break;
                case 'Y':
                        /*
                         * On extraction check file inode change time after the
                         * modification of the file name. Non standard option.
                         */
                        Yflag = 1;
                        flg |= CYF;
                        break;
                case 'Z':
                        /*
                         * On extraction check modification time after the
                         * modification of the file name. Non standard option.
                         */
                        Zflag = 1;
                        flg |= CZF;
                        break;
                case '0':
                        /*
                         * Use \0 as pathname terminator.
                         * (For use with the -print0 option of find(1).)
                         */
                        zeroflag = 1;
                        flg |= C0F;
                        break;
                default:
                        pax_usage();
                        break;
                }
        }

        /*
         * figure out the operation mode of pax read,write,extract,copy,append
         * or list. check that we have not been given a bogus set of flags
         * for the operation mode.
         */
        if (ISLIST(flg)) {
                act = LIST;
                listf = stdout;
                bflg = flg & BDLIST;
        } else if (ISEXTRACT(flg)) {
                act = EXTRACT;
                bflg = flg & BDEXTR;
        } else if (ISARCHIVE(flg)) {
                act = ARCHIVE;
                bflg = flg & BDARCH;
        } else if (ISAPPND(flg)) {
                act = APPND;
                bflg = flg & BDARCH;
        } else if (ISCOPY(flg)) {
                act = COPY;
                bflg = flg & BDCOPY;
        } else
                pax_usage();
        if (bflg) {
                printflg(flg);
                pax_usage();
        }

        /*
         * if we are writing (ARCHIVE) we use the default format if the user
         * did not specify a format. when we write during an APPEND, we will
         * adopt the format of the existing archive if none was supplied.
         */
        if (!(flg & XF) && (act == ARCHIVE))
                frmt = &(fsub[DEFLT]);

        /*
         * process the args as they are interpreted by the operation mode
         */
        switch (act) {
        case LIST:
        case EXTRACT:
                for (; optind < argc; optind++)
                        if (pat_add(argv[optind], NULL) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                break;
        case COPY:
                if (optind >= argc) {
                        paxwarn(0, "Destination directory was not supplied");
                        pax_usage();
                }
                --argc;
                dirptr = argv[argc];
                /* FALL THROUGH */
        case ARCHIVE:
        case APPND:
                for (; optind < argc; optind++)
                        if (ftree_add(argv[optind], 0) < 0)
                                pax_usage();
                /*
                 * no read errors allowed on updates/append operation!
                 */
                maxflt = 0;
                break;
        }
}


/*
 * tar_options()
 *      look at the user specified flags. set globals as required and check if
 *      the user specified a legal set of flags. If not, complain and exit
 */

static void
tar_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
        int c;
        int nincfiles = 0;
        int incfiles_max = 0;
        unsigned int i;
        unsigned int format = F_TAR;
        struct incfile {
                char *file;
                char *dir;
        };
        struct incfile *incfiles = NULL;

        /*
         * Set default values.
         */
        rmleadslash = 1;

        /*
         * process option flags
         */
        while ((c = getoldopt(argc, argv,
            "b:cef:hjmopqruts:vwxzBC:F:HI:LNOPXZ014578")) != -1) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'b':
                        /*
                         * specify blocksize in 512-byte blocks
                         */
                        if ((wrblksz = (int)str_offt(optarg)) <= 0) {
                                paxwarn(1, "Invalid block size %s", optarg);
                                tar_usage();
                        }
                        wrblksz *= 512;         /* XXX - check for int oflow */
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        /*
                         * create an archive
                         */
                        act = ARCHIVE;
                        break;
                case 'e':
                        /*
                         * stop after first error
                         */
                        maxflt = 0;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        /*
                         * filename where the archive is stored
                         */
                        arcname = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'h':
                        /*
                         * follow symlinks
                         */
                        Lflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'j':
                        /*
                         * use bzip2.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        gzip_program = BZIP2_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        /*
                         * do not preserve modification time
                         */
                        pmtime = 0;
                        break;
                case 'O':
                        format = F_OTAR;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        format = F_OTAR;
                        tar_nodir = 1;
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        /*
                         * preserve uid/gid and file mode, regardless of umask
                         */
                        pmode = 1;
                        pids = 1;
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        /*
                         * select first match for a pattern only
                         */
                        nflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'r':
                case 'u':
                        /*
                         * append to the archive
                         */
                        act = APPND;
                        break;
                case 's':
                        /*
                         * file name substitution name pattern
                         */
                        if (rep_add(optarg) < 0) {
                                tar_usage();
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
                case 't':
                        /*
                         * list contents of the tape
                         */
                        act = LIST;
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        /*
                         * verbose operation mode
                         */
                        vflag++;
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        /*
                         * interactive file rename
                         */
                        iflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'x':
                        /*
                         * extract an archive, preserving mode,
                         * and mtime if possible.
                         */
                        act = EXTRACT;
                        pmtime = 1;
                        break;
                case 'z':
                        /*
                         * use gzip.  Non standard option.
                         */
                        gzip_program = GZIP_CMD;
                        break;
                case 'B':
                        /*
                         * Nothing to do here, this is pax default
                         */
                        break;
                case 'C':
                        havechd++;
                        chdname = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'F':
                        for (i = 0; i < sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB); ++i)
                                if (fsub[i].name != NULL &&
                                    strcmp(fsub[i].name, optarg) == 0)
                                        break;
                        if (i < sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB)) {
                                format = i;
                                break;
                        }
                        paxwarn(1, "Unknown -F format: %s", optarg);
                        (void)fputs("tar: Known -F formats are:", stderr);
                        for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB)); ++i)
                                if (fsub[i].name != NULL)
                                        (void)fprintf(stderr, " %s",
                                            fsub[i].name);
                        (void)fputs("\n\n", stderr);
                        tar_usage();
                        break;
                case 'H':
                        /*
                         * follow command line symlinks only
                         */
                        Hflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'I':
                        if (++nincfiles > incfiles_max) {
                                size_t n = nincfiles + 3;
                                struct incfile *p;

                                p = reallocarray(incfiles, n,
                                    sizeof(*incfiles));
                                if (p == NULL) {
                                        paxwarn(0, "Unable to allocate space "
                                            "for option list");
                                        exit(1);
                                }
                                incfiles = p;
                                incfiles_max = n;
                        }
                        incfiles[nincfiles - 1].file = optarg;
                        incfiles[nincfiles - 1].dir = chdname;
                        break;
                case 'L':
                        /*
                         * follow symlinks
                         */
                        Lflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'N':
                        /* numeric uid and gid only */
                        Nflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'P':
                        /*
                         * do not remove leading '/' from pathnames
                         */
                        rmleadslash = 0;
                        break;
                case 'X':
                        /*
                         * do not pass over mount points in the file system
                         */
                        Xflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'Z':
                        /*
                         * use compress.
                         */
                        gzip_program = COMPRESS_CMD;
                        break;
                case '0':
                        arcname = DEV_0;
                        break;
                case '1':
                        arcname = DEV_1;
                        break;
                case '4':
                        arcname = DEV_4;
                        break;
                case '5':
                        arcname = DEV_5;
                        break;
                case '7':
                        arcname = DEV_7;
                        break;
                case '8':
                        arcname = DEV_8;
                        break;
                default:
                        tar_usage();
                        break;
                }
        }
        argc -= optind;
        argv += optind;

        if ((arcname == NULL) || (*arcname == '\0')) {
                arcname = getenv("TAPE");
                if ((arcname == NULL) || (*arcname == '\0'))
                        arcname = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
        }
        if ((arcname[0] == '-') && (arcname[1]== '\0'))
                arcname = NULL;

        /*
         * Traditional tar behaviour: list-like output goes to stdout unless
         * writing the archive there.  (pax uses stderr unless in list mode)
         */
        if (act == LIST || act == EXTRACT || arcname != NULL)
                listf = stdout;

        /* Traditional tar behaviour (pax wants to read file list from stdin) */
        if ((act == ARCHIVE || act == APPND) && argc == 0 && nincfiles == 0)
                exit(0);

        /*
         * process the args as they are interpreted by the operation mode
         */
        switch (act) {
        case LIST:
        case EXTRACT:
        default:
                {
                        int sawpat = 0;
                        char *file, *dir;

                        while (nincfiles || *argv != NULL) {
                                /*
                                 * If we queued up any include files,
                                 * pull them in now.  Otherwise, check
                                 * for -I and -C positional flags.
                                 * Anything else must be a file to
                                 * extract.
                                 */
                                if (nincfiles) {
                                        file = incfiles->file;
                                        dir = incfiles->dir;
                                        incfiles++;
                                        nincfiles--;
                                } else if (strcmp(*argv, "-I") == 0) {
                                        if (*++argv == NULL)
                                                break;
                                        file = *argv++;
                                        dir = chdname;
                                } else
                                        file = NULL;
                                if (file != NULL) {
                                        FILE *fp;
                                        char *str;

                                        if (strcmp(file, "-") == 0)
                                                fp = stdin;
                                        else if ((fp = fopen(file, "r")) == NULL) {
                                                syswarn(1, errno,
                                                    "Unable to open %s", file);
                                                tar_usage();
                                        }
                                        while ((str = get_line(fp)) != NULL) {
                                                if (pat_add(str, dir) < 0)
                                                        tar_usage();
                                                sawpat = 1;
                                        }
                                        if (ferror(fp)) {
                                                syswarn(1, errno,
                                                    "Unable to read from %s",
                                                    strcmp(file, "-") ? file :
                                                    "stdin");
                                                tar_usage();
                                        }
                                        if (strcmp(file, "-") != 0)
                                                fclose(fp);
                                } else if (strcmp(*argv, "-C") == 0) {
                                        if (*++argv == NULL)
                                                break;
                                        chdname = *argv++;
                                        havechd++;
                                } else if (pat_add(*argv++, chdname) < 0)
                                        tar_usage();
                                else
                                        sawpat = 1;
                        }
                        /*
                         * if patterns were added, we are doing chdir()
                         * on a file-by-file basis, else, just one
                         * global chdir (if any) after opening input.
                         */
                        if (sawpat > 0)
                                chdname = NULL;
                }
                break;
        case ARCHIVE:
        case APPND:
                frmt = &fsub[format];

                if (chdname != NULL) {  /* initial chdir() */
                        if (ftree_add(chdname, 1) < 0)
                                tar_usage();
                }

                while (nincfiles || *argv != NULL) {
                        char *file, *dir;

                        /*
                         * If we queued up any include files, pull them in
                         * now.  Otherwise, check for -I and -C positional
                         * flags.  Anything else must be a file to include
                         * in the archive.
                         */
                        if (nincfiles) {
                                file = incfiles->file;
                                dir = incfiles->dir;
                                incfiles++;
                                nincfiles--;
                        } else if (strcmp(*argv, "-I") == 0) {
                                if (*++argv == NULL)
                                        break;
                                file = *argv++;
                                dir = NULL;
                        } else
                                file = NULL;
                        if (file != NULL) {
                                FILE *fp;
                                char *str;

                                /* Set directory if needed */
                                if (dir) {
                                        if (ftree_add(dir, 1) < 0)
                                                tar_usage();
                                }

                                if (strcmp(file, "-") == 0)
                                        fp = stdin;
                                else if ((fp = fopen(file, "r")) == NULL) {
                                        syswarn(1, errno, "Unable to open %s",
                                            file);
                                        tar_usage();
                                }
                                while ((str = get_line(fp)) != NULL) {
                                        if (ftree_add(str, 0) < 0)
                                                tar_usage();
                                }
                                if (ferror(fp)) {
                                        syswarn(1, errno,
                                            "Unable to read from %s",
                                            strcmp(file, "-") ? file : "stdin");
                                        tar_usage();
                                }
                                if (strcmp(file, "-") != 0)
                                        fclose(fp);
                        } else if (strcmp(*argv, "-C") == 0) {
                                if (*++argv == NULL)
                                        break;
                                if (ftree_add(*argv++, 1) < 0)
                                        tar_usage();
                                havechd++;
                        } else if (ftree_add(*argv++, 0) < 0)
                                tar_usage();
                }
                /*
                 * no read errors allowed on updates/append operation!
                 */
                maxflt = 0;
                break;
        }
}

static int mkpath(char *);

static int
mkpath(char *path)
{
        struct stat sb;
        char *slash;
        int done = 0;

        slash = path;

        while (!done) {
                slash += strspn(slash, "/");
                slash += strcspn(slash, "/");

                done = (*slash == '\0');
                *slash = '\0';

                if (stat(path, &sb)) {
                        if (errno != ENOENT || mkdir(path, 0777)) {
                                paxwarn(1, "%s", path);
                                return (-1);
                        }
                } else if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
                        syswarn(1, ENOTDIR, "%s", path);
                        return (-1);
                }

                if (!done)
                        *slash = '/';
        }

        return (0);
}

#ifndef NOCPIO
/*
 * cpio_options()
 *      look at the user specified flags. set globals as required and check if
 *      the user specified a legal set of flags. If not, complain and exit
 */

static void
cpio_options(int argc, char **argv)
{
        const char *errstr;
        int c, list_only = 0;
        unsigned i;
        char *str;
        FILE *fp;

        kflag = 1;
        pids = 1;
        pmode = 1;
        pmtime = 0;
        arcname = NULL;
        dflag = 1;
        act = -1;
        nodirs = 1;
        while ((c=getopt(argc,argv,"abcdfijklmoprstuvzABC:E:F:H:I:LO:SZ6")) != -1)
                switch (c) {
                        case 'a':
                                /*
                                 * preserve access time on files read
                                 */
                                tflag = 1;
                                break;
                        case 'b':
                                /*
                                 * swap bytes and half-words when reading data
                                 */
                                break;
                        case 'c':
                                /*
                                 * ASCII cpio header
                                 */
                                frmt = &(fsub[F_ACPIO]);
                                break;
                        case 'd':
                                /*
                                 * create directories as needed
                                 */
                                nodirs = 0;
                                break;
                        case 'f':
                                /*
                                 * invert meaning of pattern list
                                 */
                                cflag = 1;
                                break;
                        case 'i':
                                /*
                                 * restore an archive
                                 */
                                act = EXTRACT;
                                break;
                        case 'j':
                                /*
                                 * use bzip2.  Non standard option.
                                 */
                                gzip_program = BZIP2_CMD;
                                break;
                        case 'k':
                                break;
                        case 'l':
                                /*
                                 * use links instead of copies when possible
                                 */
                                lflag = 1;
                                break;
                        case 'm':
                                /*
                                 * preserve modification time
                                 */
                                pmtime = 1;
                                break;
                        case 'o':
                                /*
                                 * create an archive
                                 */
                                act = ARCHIVE;
                                if (frmt == NULL)
                                        frmt = &(fsub[F_CPIO]);
                                break;
                        case 'p':
                                /*
                                 * copy-pass mode
                                 */
                                act = COPY;
                                break;
                        case 'r':
                                /*
                                 * interactively rename files
                                 */
                                iflag = 1;
                                break;
                        case 's':
                                /*
                                 * swap bytes after reading data
                                 */
                                break;
                        case 't':
                                /*
                                 * list contents of archive
                                 */
                                list_only = 1;
                                break;
                        case 'u':
                                /*
                                 * replace newer files
                                 */
                                kflag = 0;
                                break;
                        case 'v':
                                /*
                                 * verbose operation mode
                                 */
                                vflag = 1;
                                break;
                        case 'z':
                                /*
                                 * use gzip.  Non standard option.
                                 */
                                gzip_program = GZIP_CMD;
                                break;
                        case 'A':
                                /*
                                 * append mode
                                 */
                                act = APPND;
                                break;
                        case 'B':
                                /*
                                 * Use 5120 byte block size
                                 */
                                wrblksz = 5120;
                                break;
                        case 'C':
                                /*
                                 * set block size in bytes
                                 */
                                wrblksz = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
                                if (errstr) {
                                        paxwarn(1, "Invalid block size %s: %s",
                                            optarg, errstr);
                                        pax_usage();
                                }
                                break;
                        case 'E':
                                /*
                                 * file with patterns to extract or list
                                 */
                                if ((fp = fopen(optarg, "r")) == NULL) {
                                        syswarn(1, errno, "Unable to open %s",
                                            optarg);
                                        cpio_usage();
                                }
                                while ((str = get_line(fp)) != NULL) {
                                        pat_add(str, NULL);
                                }
                                if (ferror(fp)) {
                                        syswarn(1, errno,
                                            "Unable to read from %s", optarg);
                                        cpio_usage();
                                }
                                fclose(fp);
                                break;
                        case 'F':
                        case 'I':
                        case 'O':
                                /*
                                 * filename where the archive is stored
                                 */
                                if ((optarg[0] == '-') && (optarg[1]== '\0')) {
                                        /*
                                         * treat a - as stdin
                                         */
                                        arcname = NULL;
                                        break;
                                }
                                arcname = optarg;
                                break;
                        case 'H':
                                /*
                                 * specify an archive format on write
                                 */
                                for (i = 0; i < sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB); ++i)
                                        if (fsub[i].name != NULL &&
                                            strcmp(fsub[i].name, optarg) == 0)
                                                break;
                                if (i < sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB)) {
                                        frmt = &fsub[i];
                                        break;
                                }
                                paxwarn(1, "Unknown -H format: %s", optarg);
                                (void)fputs("cpio: Known -H formats are:", stderr);
                                for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(fsub)/sizeof(FSUB)); ++i)
                                        if (fsub[i].name != NULL)
                                                (void)fprintf(stderr, " %s",
                                                    fsub[i].name);
                                (void)fputs("\n\n", stderr);
                                cpio_usage();
                                break;
                        case 'L':
                                /*
                                 * follow symbolic links
                                 */
                                Lflag = 1;
                                break;
                        case 'S':
                                /*
                                 * swap halfwords after reading data
                                 */
                                break;
                        case 'Z':
                                /*
                                 * use compress.  Non standard option.
                                 */
                                gzip_program = COMPRESS_CMD;
                                break;
                        case '6':
                                /*
                                 * process Version 6 cpio format
                                 */
                                frmt = &(fsub[F_OCPIO]);
                                break;
                        default:
                                cpio_usage();
                                break;
                }
        argc -= optind;
        argv += optind;

        /*
         * process the args as they are interpreted by the operation mode
         */
        switch (act) {
                case EXTRACT:
                        if (list_only) {
                                act = LIST;

                                /*
                                 * cpio is like pax: list to stderr
                                 * unless in list mode
                                 */
                                listf = stdout;
                        }
                        while (*argv != NULL)
                                if (pat_add(*argv++, NULL) < 0)
                                        cpio_usage();
                        break;
                case COPY:
                        if (*argv == NULL) {
                                paxwarn(0, "Destination directory was not supplied");
                                cpio_usage();
                        }
                        dirptr = *argv;
                        if (mkpath(dirptr) < 0)
                                cpio_usage();
                        --argc;
                        ++argv;
                        /* FALL THROUGH */
                case ARCHIVE:
                case APPND:
                        if (*argv != NULL)
                                cpio_usage();
                        /*
                         * no read errors allowed on updates/append operation!
                         */
                        maxflt = 0;
                        while ((str = get_line(stdin)) != NULL) {
                                ftree_add(str, 0);
                        }
                        if (ferror(stdin)) {
                                syswarn(1, errno, "Unable to read from %s",
                                    "stdin");
                                cpio_usage();
                        }
                        break;
                default:
                        cpio_usage();
                        break;
        }
}
#endif /* !NOCPIO */

/*
 * printflg()
 *      print out those invalid flag sets found to the user
 */

static void
printflg(unsigned int flg)
{
        int nxt;
        int pos = 0;

        (void)fprintf(stderr,"%s: Invalid combination of options:", argv0);
        while ((nxt = ffs(flg)) != 0) {
                flg >>= nxt;
                pos += nxt;
                (void)fprintf(stderr, " -%c", flgch[pos-1]);
        }
        (void)putc('\n', stderr);
}

/*
 * opt_next()
 *      called by format specific options routines to get each format specific
 *      flag and value specified with -o
 * Return:
 *      pointer to next OPLIST entry or NULL (end of list).
 */

OPLIST *
opt_next(void)
{
        OPLIST *opt;

        if ((opt = ophead) != NULL)
                ophead = ophead->fow;
        return(opt);
}

/*
 * bad_opt()
 *      generic routine used to complain about a format specific options
 *      when the format does not support options.
 */

static int
bad_opt(void)
{
        OPLIST *opt;

        if (ophead == NULL)
                return(0);
        /*
         * print all we were given
         */
        paxwarn(1,"These format options are not supported");
        while ((opt = opt_next()) != NULL)
                (void)fprintf(stderr, "\t%s = %s\n", opt->name, opt->value);
        pax_usage();
        return(0);
}

/*
 * opt_add()
 *      breaks the value supplied to -o into a option name and value. options
 *      are given to -o in the form -o name-value,name=value
 *      multiple -o may be specified.
 * Return:
 *      0 if format in name=value format, -1 if -o is passed junk
 */

static int
opt_add(const char *str)
{
        OPLIST *opt;
        char *frpt;
        char *pt;
        char *endpt;
        char *dstr;

        if ((str == NULL) || (*str == '\0')) {
                paxwarn(0, "Invalid option name");
                return(-1);
        }
        if ((dstr = strdup(str)) == NULL) {
                paxwarn(0, "Unable to allocate space for option list");
                return(-1);
        }
        frpt = endpt = dstr;

        /*
         * break into name and values pieces and stuff each one into a
         * OPLIST structure. When we know the format, the format specific
         * option function will go through this list
         */
        while ((frpt != NULL) && (*frpt != '\0')) {
                if ((endpt = strchr(frpt, ',')) != NULL)
                        *endpt = '\0';
                if ((pt = strchr(frpt, '=')) == NULL) {
                        paxwarn(0, "Invalid options format");
                        free(dstr);
                        return(-1);
                }
                if ((opt = malloc(sizeof(OPLIST))) == NULL) {
                        paxwarn(0, "Unable to allocate space for option list");
                        free(dstr);
                        return(-1);
                }
                dstr = NULL;    /* parts of string going onto the OPLIST */
                *pt++ = '\0';
                opt->name = frpt;
                opt->value = pt;
                opt->fow = NULL;
                if (endpt != NULL)
                        frpt = endpt + 1;
                else
                        frpt = NULL;
                if (ophead == NULL) {
                        optail = ophead = opt;
                        continue;
                }
                optail->fow = opt;
                optail = opt;
        }
        free(dstr);
        return(0);
}

/*
 * str_offt()
 *      Convert an expression of the following forms to an off_t > 0.
 *      1) A positive decimal number.
 *      2) A positive decimal number followed by a b (mult by 512).
 *      3) A positive decimal number followed by a k (mult by 1024).
 *      4) A positive decimal number followed by a m (mult by 512).
 *      5) A positive decimal number followed by a w (mult by sizeof int)
 *      6) Two or more positive decimal numbers (with/without k,b or w).
 *         separated by x (also * for backwards compatibility), specifying
 *         the product of the indicated values.
 * Return:
 *      0 for an error, a positive value o.w.
 */

static off_t
str_offt(char *val)
{
        char *expr;
        off_t num, t;

        num = strtoll(val, &expr, 0);
        if ((num == LLONG_MAX) || (num <= 0) || (expr == val))
                return(0);

        switch (*expr) {
        case 'b':
                t = num;
                num *= 512;
                if (t > num)
                        return(0);
                ++expr;
                break;
        case 'k':
                t = num;
                num *= 1024;
                if (t > num)
                        return(0);
                ++expr;
                break;
        case 'm':
                t = num;
                num *= 1048576;
                if (t > num)
                        return(0);
                ++expr;
                break;
        case 'w':
                t = num;
                num *= sizeof(int);
                if (t > num)
                        return(0);
                ++expr;
                break;
        }

        switch (*expr) {
                case '\0':
                        break;
                case '*':
                case 'x':
                        t = num;
                        num *= str_offt(expr + 1);
                        if (t > num)
                                return(0);
                        break;
                default:
                        return(0);
        }
        return(num);
}

char *
get_line(FILE *f)
{
        char *str = NULL;
        size_t size = 0;
        ssize_t len;

        do {
                len = getline(&str, &size, f);
                if (len == -1) {
                        free(str);
                        return NULL;
                }
                if (str[len - 1] == '\n')
                        str[len - 1] = '\0';
        } while (str[0] == '\0');
        return str;
}

/*
 * no_op()
 *      for those option functions where the archive format has nothing to do.
 * Return:
 *      0
 */

static int
no_op(void)
{
        return(0);
}

/*
 * pax_usage()
 *      print the usage summary to the user
 */

void
pax_usage(void)
{
        (void)fputs(
            "usage: pax [-0cdjnOvz] [-E limit] [-f archive] [-G group] [-s replstr]\n"
            "           [-T range] [-U user] [pattern ...]\n"
            "       pax -r [-0cDdijknOuvYZz] [-E limit] [-f archive] [-G group] [-o options]\n"
            "           [-p string] [-s replstr] [-T range] [-U user] [pattern ...]\n"
            "       pax -w [-0adHijLOPtuvXz] [-B bytes] [-b blocksize] [-f archive]\n"
            "           [-G group] [-o options] [-s replstr] [-T range] [-U user]\n"
            "           [-x format] [file ...]\n"
            "       pax -rw [-0DdHikLlnOPtuvXYZ] [-G group] [-p string] [-s replstr]\n"
            "           [-T range] [-U user] [file ...] directory\n",
            stderr);
        exit(1);
}

/*
 * tar_usage()
 *      print the usage summary to the user
 */

void
tar_usage(void)
{
        (void)fputs(
            "usage: tar {crtux}[014578beFfHhjLmNOoPpqsvwXZz]\n"
            "           [blocking-factor | format | archive | replstr]\n"
            "           [-C directory] [-I file] [file ...]\n"
            "       tar {-crtux} [-014578eHhjLmNOoPpqvwXZz] [-b blocking-factor]\n"
            "           [-C directory] [-F format] [-f archive] [-I file]\n"
            "           [-s replstr] [file ...]\n",
            stderr);
        exit(1);
}

#ifndef NOCPIO
/*
 * cpio_usage()
 *      print the usage summary to the user
 */

void
cpio_usage(void)
{
        (void)fputs(
            "usage: cpio -o [-AaBcjLvZz] [-C bytes] [-F archive] [-H format]\n"
            "            [-O archive] < name-list [> archive]\n"
            "       cpio -i [-6BbcdfjmrSstuvZz] [-C bytes] [-E file] [-F archive] [-H format]\n"
            "            [-I archive] [pattern ...] [< archive]\n"
            "       cpio -p [-adLlmuv] destination-directory < name-list\n",
            stderr);
        exit(1);
}
#endif /* !NOCPIO */

#ifndef SMALL
static int
compress_id(char *blk, int size)
{
        if (size >= 2 && blk[0] == '\037' && blk[1] == '\235') {
                paxwarn(0, "input compressed with %s; use the -%c option"
                    " to decompress it", "compress", 'Z');
                exit(1);
        }
        return (-1);
}

static int
gzip_id(char *blk, int size)
{
        if (size >= 2 && blk[0] == '\037' && blk[1] == '\213') {
                paxwarn(0, "input compressed with %s; use the -%c option"
                    " to decompress it", "gzip", 'z');
                exit(1);
        }
        return (-1);
}

static int
bzip2_id(char *blk, int size)
{
        if (size >= 3 && blk[0] == 'B' && blk[1] == 'Z' && blk[2] == 'h') {
                paxwarn(0, "input compressed with %s; use the -%c option"
                    " to decompress it", "bzip2", 'j');
                exit(1);
        }
        return (-1);
}

static int
xz_id(char *blk, int size)
{
        if (size >= 6 && memcmp(blk, "\xFD\x37\x7A\x58\x5A", 6) == 0) {
                paxwarn(0, "input compressed with xz");
                exit(1);
        }
        return (-1);
}
#endif /* !SMALL */