root/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.c
/*      $NetBSD: ifconfig.c,v 1.251 2024/08/20 08:18:24 ozaki-r Exp $   */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by Jason R. Thorpe of the Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility,
 * NASA Ames Research Center.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#ifndef lint
__COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1993\
 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
__RCSID("$NetBSD: ifconfig.c,v 1.251 2024/08/20 08:18:24 ozaki-r Exp $");
#endif /* not lint */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/if_dl.h>
#include <net/if_media.h>
#include <net/if_ether.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>         /* XXX */
#include <netinet/in_var.h>     /* XXX */

#include <netdb.h>

#include <sys/protosw.h>

#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <util.h>

#include "extern.h"

#include "media.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "env.h"
#include "prog_ops.h"

#define WAIT_DAD        10000000 /* nanoseconds between each poll, 10ms */

static bool bflag, dflag, hflag, sflag, uflag, Wflag, wflag;
bool lflag, Nflag, vflag, zflag;
static long wflag_secs, Wflag_secs;

static char gflags[10 + 26 * 2 + 1] = "AabCdhlNsuvW:w:z";
bool gflagset[10 + 26 * 2];

static int link_state(prop_dictionary_t);
static const char *link_state_str(int);
static int carrier(prop_dictionary_t);
static int clone_command(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static void do_setifpreference(prop_dictionary_t);
static int flag_index(int);
static void init_afs(void);
static int list_cloners(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int media_status_exec(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int wait_dad_exec(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int no_cmds_exec(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int notrailers(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static void printall(const char *, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifaddr(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifbroadaddr(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifcaps(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifdstormask(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifflags(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifmetric(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifmtu(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifnetmask(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifprefixlen(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setlinkstr(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int unsetlinkstr(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int setifdescr(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static int unsetifdescr(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
static void status(prop_dictionary_t, prop_dictionary_t);
__dead static void usage(void);

static const struct kwinst ifflagskw[] = {
          IFKW("arp", -IFF_NOARP)
        , IFKW("debug", IFF_DEBUG)
        , IFKW("unnumbered", IFF_UNNUMBERED)
        , IFKW("link0", IFF_LINK0)
        , IFKW("link1", IFF_LINK1)
        , IFKW("link2", IFF_LINK2)
        , {.k_word = "down", .k_type = KW_T_INT, .k_int = -IFF_UP}
        , {.k_word = "up", .k_type = KW_T_INT, .k_int = IFF_UP}
};

static const struct kwinst ifcapskw[] = {
          IFKW("ip4csum-tx",    IFCAP_CSUM_IPv4_Tx)
        , IFKW("ip4csum-rx",    IFCAP_CSUM_IPv4_Rx)
        , IFKW("tcp4csum-tx",   IFCAP_CSUM_TCPv4_Tx)
        , IFKW("tcp4csum-rx",   IFCAP_CSUM_TCPv4_Rx)
        , IFKW("udp4csum-tx",   IFCAP_CSUM_UDPv4_Tx)
        , IFKW("udp4csum-rx",   IFCAP_CSUM_UDPv4_Rx)
        , IFKW("tcp6csum-tx",   IFCAP_CSUM_TCPv6_Tx)
        , IFKW("tcp6csum-rx",   IFCAP_CSUM_TCPv6_Rx)
        , IFKW("udp6csum-tx",   IFCAP_CSUM_UDPv6_Tx)
        , IFKW("udp6csum-rx",   IFCAP_CSUM_UDPv6_Rx)
        , IFKW("ip4csum",       IFCAP_CSUM_IPv4_Tx|IFCAP_CSUM_IPv4_Rx)
        , IFKW("tcp4csum",      IFCAP_CSUM_TCPv4_Tx|IFCAP_CSUM_TCPv4_Rx)
        , IFKW("udp4csum",      IFCAP_CSUM_UDPv4_Tx|IFCAP_CSUM_UDPv4_Rx)
        , IFKW("tcp6csum",      IFCAP_CSUM_TCPv6_Tx|IFCAP_CSUM_TCPv6_Rx)
        , IFKW("udp6csum",      IFCAP_CSUM_UDPv6_Tx|IFCAP_CSUM_UDPv6_Rx)
        , IFKW("tso4",          IFCAP_TSOv4)
        , IFKW("tso6",          IFCAP_TSOv6)
};

extern struct pbranch command_root;
extern struct pbranch opt_command;
extern struct pbranch opt_family, opt_silent_family;
extern struct pkw cloning, silent_family, family, ifcaps, ifflags, misc;
extern struct pstr parse_linkstr;

struct pinteger parse_metric = PINTEGER_INITIALIZER(&parse_metric, "metric", 10,
    setifmetric, "metric", &command_root.pb_parser);

struct pinteger parse_mtu = PINTEGER_INITIALIZER(&parse_mtu, "mtu", 10,
    setifmtu, "mtu", &command_root.pb_parser);

struct pinteger parse_prefixlen = PINTEGER_INITIALIZER(&parse_prefixlen,
    "prefixlen", 10, setifprefixlen, "prefixlen", &command_root.pb_parser);

struct pinteger parse_preference = PINTEGER_INITIALIZER1(&parse_preference,
    "preference", INT16_MIN, INT16_MAX, 10, NULL, "preference",
    &command_root.pb_parser);

struct paddr parse_netmask = PADDR_INITIALIZER(&parse_netmask, "netmask",
    setifnetmask, "dstormask", NULL, NULL, NULL, &command_root.pb_parser);

struct paddr parse_broadcast = PADDR_INITIALIZER(&parse_broadcast,
    "broadcast address",
    setifbroadaddr, "broadcast", NULL, NULL, NULL, &command_root.pb_parser);

struct pstr parse_descr = PSTR_INITIALIZER1(&parse_descr, "descr",
    setifdescr, "descr", false, &command_root.pb_parser);

static const struct kwinst misckw[] = {
          {.k_word = "alias", .k_key = "alias", .k_deact = "alias",
           .k_type = KW_T_BOOL, .k_neg = true,
           .k_bool = true, .k_negbool = false,
           .k_nextparser = &command_root.pb_parser}
        , {.k_word = "broadcast", .k_nextparser = &parse_broadcast.pa_parser}
        , {.k_word = "delete", .k_key = "alias", .k_deact = "alias",
           .k_type = KW_T_BOOL, .k_bool = false,
           .k_nextparser = &command_root.pb_parser}
        , {.k_word = "metric", .k_nextparser = &parse_metric.pi_parser}
        , {.k_word = "mtu", .k_nextparser = &parse_mtu.pi_parser}
        , {.k_word = "netmask", .k_nextparser = &parse_netmask.pa_parser}
        , {.k_word = "preference", .k_act = "address",
           .k_nextparser = &parse_preference.pi_parser}
        , {.k_word = "prefixlen", .k_nextparser = &parse_prefixlen.pi_parser}
        , {.k_word = "trailers", .k_neg = true,
           .k_exec = notrailers, .k_nextparser = &command_root.pb_parser}
        , {.k_word = "linkstr", .k_nextparser = &parse_linkstr.ps_parser }
        , {.k_word = "-linkstr", .k_exec = unsetlinkstr,
           .k_nextparser = &command_root.pb_parser }
        , {.k_word = "descr", .k_nextparser = &parse_descr.ps_parser}
        , {.k_word = "description", .k_nextparser = &parse_descr.ps_parser}
        , {.k_word = "-descr", .k_exec = unsetifdescr,
           .k_nextparser = &command_root.pb_parser}
        , {.k_word = "-description", .k_exec = unsetifdescr,
           .k_nextparser = &command_root.pb_parser}
};

/* key: clonecmd */
static const struct kwinst clonekw[] = {
        {.k_word = "create", .k_type = KW_T_INT, .k_int = SIOCIFCREATE,
         .k_nextparser = &opt_silent_family.pb_parser},
        {.k_word = "destroy", .k_type = KW_T_INT, .k_int = SIOCIFDESTROY}
};

static struct kwinst familykw[24];

struct pterm cloneterm = PTERM_INITIALIZER(&cloneterm, "list cloners",
    list_cloners, "none");

struct pterm wait_dad = PTERM_INITIALIZER(&wait_dad, "wait DAD", wait_dad_exec,
    "none");

struct pterm no_cmds = PTERM_INITIALIZER(&no_cmds, "no commands", no_cmds_exec,
    "none");

struct pkw family_only =
    PKW_INITIALIZER(&family_only, "family-only", NULL, "af", familykw,
        __arraycount(familykw), &no_cmds.pt_parser);

struct paddr address = PADDR_INITIALIZER(&address,
    "local address (address 1)",
    setifaddr, "address", "netmask", NULL, "address", &command_root.pb_parser);

struct paddr dstormask = PADDR_INITIALIZER(&dstormask,
    "destination/netmask (address 2)",
    setifdstormask, "dstormask", NULL, "address", "dstormask",
    &command_root.pb_parser);

struct paddr broadcast = PADDR_INITIALIZER(&broadcast,
    "broadcast address (address 3)",
    setifbroadaddr, "broadcast", NULL, "dstormask", "broadcast",
    &command_root.pb_parser);

struct pstr parse_linkstr = PSTR_INITIALIZER(&parse_linkstr, "linkstr",
    setlinkstr, "linkstr", &command_root.pb_parser);

static SIMPLEQ_HEAD(, afswtch) aflist = SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(aflist);

static SIMPLEQ_HEAD(, usage_func) usage_funcs =
    SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(usage_funcs);
static SIMPLEQ_HEAD(, status_func) status_funcs =
    SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(status_funcs);
static SIMPLEQ_HEAD(, statistics_func) statistics_funcs =
    SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(statistics_funcs);
static SIMPLEQ_HEAD(, cmdloop_branch) cmdloop_branches =
    SIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(cmdloop_branches);

struct branch opt_clone_brs[] = {
          {.b_nextparser = &cloning.pk_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &opt_family.pb_parser}
}, opt_silent_family_brs[] = {
          {.b_nextparser = &silent_family.pk_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &command_root.pb_parser}
}, opt_family_brs[] = {
          {.b_nextparser = &family.pk_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &opt_command.pb_parser}
}, command_root_brs[] = {
          {.b_nextparser = &ifflags.pk_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &ifcaps.pk_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &kwmedia.pk_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &misc.pk_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &address.pa_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &dstormask.pa_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &broadcast.pa_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = NULL}
}, opt_command_brs[] = {
          {.b_nextparser = &no_cmds.pt_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &command_root.pb_parser}
};

struct branch opt_family_only_brs[] = {
          {.b_nextparser = &no_cmds.pt_parser}
        , {.b_nextparser = &family_only.pk_parser}
};
struct pbranch opt_family_only = PBRANCH_INITIALIZER(&opt_family_only,
    "opt-family-only", opt_family_only_brs,
    __arraycount(opt_family_only_brs), true);
struct pbranch opt_command = PBRANCH_INITIALIZER(&opt_command,
    "optional command",
    opt_command_brs, __arraycount(opt_command_brs), true);

struct pbranch command_root = PBRANCH_INITIALIZER(&command_root,
    "command-root", command_root_brs, __arraycount(command_root_brs), true);

struct piface iface_opt_family_only =
    PIFACE_INITIALIZER(&iface_opt_family_only, "iface-opt-family-only",
    NULL, "if", &opt_family_only.pb_parser);

struct pkw family = PKW_INITIALIZER(&family, "family", NULL, "af",
    familykw, __arraycount(familykw), &opt_command.pb_parser);

struct pkw silent_family = PKW_INITIALIZER(&silent_family, "silent family",
    NULL, "af", familykw, __arraycount(familykw), &command_root.pb_parser);

struct pkw *family_users[] = {&family_only, &family, &silent_family};

struct pkw ifcaps = PKW_INITIALIZER(&ifcaps, "ifcaps", setifcaps,
    "ifcap", ifcapskw, __arraycount(ifcapskw), &command_root.pb_parser);

struct pkw ifflags = PKW_INITIALIZER(&ifflags, "ifflags", setifflags,
    "ifflag", ifflagskw, __arraycount(ifflagskw), &command_root.pb_parser);

struct pkw cloning = PKW_INITIALIZER(&cloning, "cloning", clone_command,
    "clonecmd", clonekw, __arraycount(clonekw), NULL);

struct pkw misc = PKW_INITIALIZER(&misc, "misc", NULL, NULL,
    misckw, __arraycount(misckw), NULL);

struct pbranch opt_clone = PBRANCH_INITIALIZER(&opt_clone,
    "opt-clone", opt_clone_brs, __arraycount(opt_clone_brs), true);

struct pbranch opt_silent_family = PBRANCH_INITIALIZER(&opt_silent_family,
    "optional silent family", opt_silent_family_brs,
    __arraycount(opt_silent_family_brs), true);

struct pbranch opt_family = PBRANCH_INITIALIZER(&opt_family,
    "opt-family", opt_family_brs, __arraycount(opt_family_brs), true);

struct piface iface_start = PIFACE_INITIALIZER(&iface_start,
    "iface-opt-family", NULL, "if", &opt_clone.pb_parser);

struct piface iface_only = PIFACE_INITIALIZER(&iface_only, "iface",
    media_status_exec, "if", NULL);

static bool
flag_is_registered(const char *flags, int flag)
{
        return flags != NULL && strchr(flags, flag) != NULL;
}

static int
check_flag(const char *flags, int flag)
{
        if (flag_is_registered(flags, flag)) {
                errno = EEXIST;
                return -1;
        }

        if (flag >= '0' && flag <= '9')
                return 0;
        if (flag >= 'a' && flag <= 'z')
                return 0;
        if (flag >= 'A' && flag <= 'Z')
                return 0;

        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
}

void
cmdloop_branch_init(cmdloop_branch_t *b, struct parser *p)
{
        b->b_parser = p;
}

void
statistics_func_init(statistics_func_t *f, statistics_cb_t func)
{
        f->f_func = func;
}

void
status_func_init(status_func_t *f, status_cb_t func)
{
        f->f_func = func;
}

void
usage_func_init(usage_func_t *f, usage_cb_t func)
{
        f->f_func = func;
}

int
register_cmdloop_branch(cmdloop_branch_t *b)
{
        SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cmdloop_branches, b, b_next);
        return 0;
}

int
register_statistics(statistics_func_t *f)
{
        SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&statistics_funcs, f, f_next);
        return 0;
}

int
register_status(status_func_t *f)
{
        SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&status_funcs, f, f_next);
        return 0;
}

int
register_usage(usage_func_t *f)
{
        SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&usage_funcs, f, f_next);
        return 0;
}

int
register_family(struct afswtch *af)
{
        SIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&aflist, af, af_next);
        return 0;
}

int
register_flag(int flag)
{
        if (check_flag(gflags, flag) == -1)
                return -1;

        if (strlen(gflags) + 1 >= sizeof(gflags)) {
                errno = ENOMEM;
                return -1;
        }

        gflags[strlen(gflags)] = flag;

        return 0;
}

static int
flag_index(int flag)
{
        if (flag >= '0' && flag <= '9')
                return flag - '0';
        if (flag >= 'a' && flag <= 'z')
                return 10 + flag - 'a';
        if (flag >= 'A' && flag <= 'Z')
                return 10 + 26 + flag - 'a';

        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
}

static bool
set_flag(int flag)
{
        int idx;

        if ((idx = flag_index(flag)) == -1)
                return false;

        return gflagset[idx] = true;
}

bool
get_flag(int flag)
{
        int idx;

        if ((idx = flag_index(flag)) == -1)
                return false;

        return gflagset[idx];
}

static struct parser *
init_parser(void)
{
        cmdloop_branch_t *b;

        if (parser_init(&iface_opt_family_only.pif_parser) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "parser_init(iface_opt_family_only)");
        if (parser_init(&iface_only.pif_parser) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "parser_init(iface_only)");
        if (parser_init(&iface_start.pif_parser) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "parser_init(iface_start)");

        SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(b, &cmdloop_branches, b_next)
                pbranch_addbranch(&command_root, b->b_parser);

        return &iface_start.pif_parser;
}

static int
no_cmds_exec(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        const char *ifname;
        unsigned short ignore;

        /* ifname == NULL is ok.  It indicates 'ifconfig -a'. */
        if ((ifname = getifname(env)) == NULL)
                ;
        else if (getifflags(env, oenv, &ignore) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "SIOCGIFFLAGS %s", ifname);

        printall(ifname, env);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

static int
wait_dad_exec(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        bool waiting;
        struct ifaddrs *ifaddrs, *ifa;
        const struct timespec ts = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = WAIT_DAD };
        struct timespec now, end_det, end;
        const struct afswtch *afp;

        if (wflag_secs) {
                const struct timespec tent =
                    { .tv_sec = wflag_secs, .tv_nsec = 0};
                const struct timespec det =
                    { .tv_sec = Wflag_secs, .tv_nsec = 0};

                if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now) == -1)
                        err(EXIT_FAILURE, "clock_gettime");
                timespecadd(&now, &tent, &end);
                if (Wflag_secs)
                        timespecadd(&now, &det, &end_det);
                else
                        timespecclear(&end_det);
        } else {
                timespecclear(&end_det);
                timespecclear(&end);
        }

        if (getifaddrs(&ifaddrs) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "getifaddrs");

        for (;;) {
                waiting = false;
                for (ifa = ifaddrs; ifa; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
                        if (ifa->ifa_addr == NULL)
                                continue;
                        afp = lookup_af_bynum(ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family);
                        if (afp &&
                            ((afp->af_addr_tentative_or_detached &&
                            ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_UP &&
                            timespecisset(&end_det) &&
                            timespeccmp(&now, &end_det, <) &&
                            afp->af_addr_tentative_or_detached(ifa)) ||
                            (afp->af_addr_tentative &&
                            afp->af_addr_tentative(ifa))))
                        {
                                waiting = true;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (!waiting)
                        break;
                nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
                if (wflag_secs) {
                        if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now) == -1)
                                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "clock_gettime");
                        if (timespeccmp(&now, &end, >))
                                errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "timed out");
                }
        }

        freeifaddrs(ifaddrs);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

static int
media_status_exec(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        const char *ifname;
        unsigned short ignore;

        /* ifname == NULL is ok.  It indicates 'ifconfig -a'. */
        if ((ifname = getifname(env)) == NULL)
                ;
        else if (getifflags(env, oenv, &ignore) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "SIOCGIFFLAGS %s", ifname);

        exit(carrier(env));
}

static void
do_setifcaps(prop_dictionary_t env)
{
        struct ifcapreq ifcr;
        prop_data_t d;

        d = (prop_data_t )prop_dictionary_get(env, "ifcaps");
        if (d == NULL)
                return;

        assert(sizeof(ifcr) == prop_data_size(d));

        memcpy(&ifcr, prop_data_value(d), sizeof(ifcr));
        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCSIFCAP, &ifcr) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "SIOCSIFCAP");
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        const struct afswtch *afp;
        int af, s, e;
        bool aflag = false, Cflag = false;
        struct match match[32];
        size_t nmatch;
        struct parser *start;
        int ch, narg = 0, rc;
        prop_dictionary_t env, oenv;
        const char *ifname;

        memset(match, 0, sizeof(match));

        init_afs();

        start = init_parser();

        /* Parse command-line options */
        Nflag = vflag = zflag = false;
        aflag = argc == 1 ? true : false;
        if (aflag)
                start = &opt_family_only.pb_parser;

        while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, gflags)) != -1) {
                switch (ch) {
                case 'A':
                        warnx("-A is deprecated");
                        break;

                case 'a':
                        aflag = true;
                        break;

                case 'b':
                        bflag = true;
                        break;

                case 'C':
                        Cflag = true;
                        break;

                case 'd':
                        dflag = true;
                        break;
                case 'h':
                        hflag = true;
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        lflag = true;
                        break;
                case 'N':
                        Nflag = true;
                        break;

                case 's':
                        sflag = true;
                        break;

                case 'u':
                        uflag = true;
                        break;

                case 'v':
                        vflag = true;
                        break;

                case 'w':
                        wflag = true;
                        wflag_secs = strtoi(optarg, NULL, 10, 0, INT32_MAX, &e);
                        if (e)
                                errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: not a number", optarg);
                        break;

                case 'W':
                        Wflag = true;
                        Wflag_secs = strtoi(optarg, NULL, 10, 0, INT32_MAX, &e);
                        if (e)
                                errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: not a number", optarg);
                        break;

                case 'z':
                        zflag = true;
                        break;

                default:
                        if (!set_flag(ch))
                                usage();
                        break;
                }
                switch (ch) {
                case 'a':
                        start = &opt_family_only.pb_parser;
                        break;

                case 'L':
                case 'm':
                case 'z':
                        if (start != &opt_family_only.pb_parser)
                                start = &iface_opt_family_only.pif_parser;
                        break;
                case 'C':
                        start = &cloneterm.pt_parser;
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        start = &no_cmds.pt_parser;
                        break;
                case 's':
                        if (start != &no_cmds.pt_parser &&
                            start != &opt_family_only.pb_parser)
                                start = &iface_only.pif_parser;
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        start = &wait_dad.pt_parser;
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
        argc -= optind;
        argv += optind;

        /*
         * -l means "list all interfaces", and is mutually exclusive with
         * all other flags/commands.
         *
         * -C means "list all names of cloners", and it mutually exclusive
         * with all other flags/commands.
         *
         * -a means "print status of all interfaces".
         *
         * -w means "spin until DAD completes for all addresses", and is
         * mutually exclusive with all other flags/commands.
         */
        if ((lflag || Cflag || wflag) &&
            (aflag || get_flag('m') || vflag || zflag))
                usage();
        if ((lflag || Cflag || wflag) && get_flag('L'))
                usage();
        if ((lflag && Cflag) || (lflag & wflag) || (Cflag && wflag))
                usage();

        nmatch = __arraycount(match);

        rc = parse(argc, argv, start, match, &nmatch, &narg);
        if (rc != 0)
                usage();

        if (prog_init && prog_init() == -1)
                err(1, "rump client init");

        if ((oenv = prop_dictionary_create()) == NULL)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: prop_dictionary_create", __func__);

        if (matches_exec(match, oenv, nmatch) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "exec_matches");

        argc -= narg;
        argv += narg;

        env = (nmatch > 0) ? match[(int)nmatch - 1].m_env : NULL;
        if (env == NULL)
                env = oenv;
        else {
                env = prop_dictionary_augment(env, oenv);
                if (env == NULL)
                        err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: prop_dictionary_augment",
                            __func__);
        }

        /* Process any media commands that may have been issued. */
        process_media_commands(env);

        if ((af = getaf(env)) == -1)
                af = AF_INET;

        if ((s = getsock(af)) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: getsock", __func__);

        if ((ifname = getifname(env)) == NULL)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: getifname", __func__);

        if ((afp = lookup_af_bynum(af)) == NULL)
                errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: lookup_af_bynum", __func__);

        assert(afp->af_addr_commit != NULL);
        (*afp->af_addr_commit)(env, oenv);

        do_setifpreference(env);
        do_setifcaps(env);
        do_setethercaps(env);

        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

static void
init_afs(void)
{
        size_t i;
        const struct afswtch *afp;
        struct kwinst kw = {.k_type = KW_T_INT};

        SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(afp, &aflist, af_next) {
                kw.k_word = afp->af_name;
                kw.k_int = afp->af_af;
                for (i = 0; i < __arraycount(familykw); i++) {
                        if (familykw[i].k_word == NULL) {
                                familykw[i] = kw;
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
}

const struct afswtch *
lookup_af_bynum(int afnum)
{
        const struct afswtch *afp;

        SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(afp, &aflist, af_next) {
                if (afp->af_af == afnum)
                        break;
        }
        return afp;
}

void
printall(const char *ifname, prop_dictionary_t env0)
{
        struct ifaddrs *ifap, *ifa;
        prop_dictionary_t env, oenv;
        int idx;
        char *p;

        if (env0 == NULL)
                env = prop_dictionary_create();
        else
                env = prop_dictionary_copy_mutable(env0);

        oenv = prop_dictionary_create();

        if (env == NULL || oenv == NULL)
                errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: prop_dictionary_copy/create", __func__);

        if (getifaddrs(&ifap) != 0)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "getifaddrs");
        p = NULL;
        idx = 0;
        for (ifa = ifap; ifa; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
                if (ifname != NULL && strcmp(ifname, ifa->ifa_name) != 0)
                        continue;
                if (p && strcmp(p, ifa->ifa_name) == 0)
                        continue;
                if (!prop_dictionary_set_string(env, "if", ifa->ifa_name))
                        continue;
                p = ifa->ifa_name;

                if (bflag && (ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_BROADCAST) == 0)
                        continue;
                if (dflag && (ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_UP) != 0)
                        continue;
                if (uflag && (ifa->ifa_flags & IFF_UP) == 0)
                        continue;

                if (sflag && link_state(env) == LINK_STATE_DOWN)
                        continue;
                idx++;
                /*
                 * Are we just listing the interfaces?
                 */
                if (lflag) {
                        if (idx > 1)
                                printf(" ");
                        fputs(ifa->ifa_name, stdout);
                        continue;
                }

                status(env, oenv);
        }
        if (lflag)
                printf("\n");
        prop_object_release((prop_object_t)env);
        prop_object_release((prop_object_t)oenv);
        freeifaddrs(ifap);
}

static int
list_cloners(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        struct if_clonereq ifcr;
        char *cp, *buf;
        int idx, s;

        memset(&ifcr, 0, sizeof(ifcr));

        s = getsock(AF_INET);

        if (prog_ioctl(s, SIOCIFGCLONERS, &ifcr) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "SIOCIFGCLONERS for count");

        buf = malloc(ifcr.ifcr_total * IFNAMSIZ);
        if (buf == NULL)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "unable to allocate cloner name buffer");

        ifcr.ifcr_count = ifcr.ifcr_total;
        ifcr.ifcr_buffer = buf;

        if (prog_ioctl(s, SIOCIFGCLONERS, &ifcr) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "SIOCIFGCLONERS for names");

        /*
         * In case some disappeared in the mean time, clamp it down.
         */
        if (ifcr.ifcr_count > ifcr.ifcr_total)
                ifcr.ifcr_count = ifcr.ifcr_total;

        for (cp = buf, idx = 0; idx < ifcr.ifcr_count; idx++, cp += IFNAMSIZ) {
                if (idx > 0)
                        printf(" ");
                printf("%s", cp);
        }

        printf("\n");
        free(buf);
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

static int
clone_command(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        int64_t cmd;

        if (!prop_dictionary_get_int64(env, "clonecmd", &cmd)) {
                errno = ENOENT;
                return -1;
        }

        if (indirect_ioctl(env, (unsigned long)cmd, NULL) == -1) {
                warn("%s", __func__);
                return -1;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
setifaddr(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        const struct paddr_prefix *pfx0;
        struct paddr_prefix *pfx;
        prop_data_t d;
        int af;

        if ((af = getaf(env)) == -1)
                af = AF_INET;

        d = (prop_data_t)prop_dictionary_get(env, "address");
        assert(d != NULL);
        pfx0 = prop_data_value(d);

        if (pfx0->pfx_len >= 0) {
                pfx = prefixlen_to_mask(af, pfx0->pfx_len);
                if (pfx == NULL)
                        err(EXIT_FAILURE, "prefixlen_to_mask");
                free(pfx);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int
setifnetmask(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        prop_data_t d;

        d = (prop_data_t)prop_dictionary_get(env, "dstormask");
        assert(d != NULL);

        if (!prop_dictionary_set(oenv, "netmask", (prop_object_t)d))
                return -1;

        return 0;
}

static int
setifbroadaddr(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        prop_data_t d;
        unsigned short flags;

        if (getifflags(env, oenv, &flags) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: getifflags", __func__);

        if ((flags & IFF_BROADCAST) == 0)
                errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "not a broadcast interface");

        d = (prop_data_t)prop_dictionary_get(env, "broadcast");
        assert(d != NULL);

        if (!prop_dictionary_set(oenv, "broadcast", (prop_object_t)d))
                return -1;

        return 0;
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
notrailers(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        puts("Note: trailers are no longer sent, but always received");
        return 0;
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
setifdstormask(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        const char *key;
        prop_data_t d;
        unsigned short flags;

        if (getifflags(env, oenv, &flags) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: getifflags", __func__);

        d = (prop_data_t)prop_dictionary_get(env, "dstormask");
        assert(d != NULL);

        if ((flags & IFF_BROADCAST) == 0) {
                key = "dst";
        } else {
                key = "netmask";
        }

        if (!prop_dictionary_set(oenv, key, (prop_object_t)d))
                return -1;

        return 0;
}

static int
setifflags(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        struct ifreq ifr;
        int64_t ifflag;
        bool rc;

        rc = prop_dictionary_get_int64(env, "ifflag", &ifflag);
        assert(rc);

        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
                return -1;

        if (ifflag < 0) {
                ifflag = -ifflag;
                ifr.ifr_flags &= ~ifflag;
        } else
                ifr.ifr_flags |= ifflag;

        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
                return -1;

        return 0;
}

static int
getifcaps(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv, struct ifcapreq *oifcr)
{
        bool rc;
        struct ifcapreq ifcr;
        const struct ifcapreq *tmpifcr;
        prop_data_t capdata;

        capdata = (prop_data_t)prop_dictionary_get(env, "ifcaps");

        if (capdata != NULL) {
                tmpifcr = prop_data_value(capdata);
                *oifcr = *tmpifcr;
                return 0;
        }

        (void)direct_ioctl(env, SIOCGIFCAP, &ifcr);
        *oifcr = ifcr;

        capdata = prop_data_create_copy(&ifcr, sizeof(ifcr));

        rc = prop_dictionary_set(oenv, "ifcaps", capdata);

        prop_object_release((prop_object_t)capdata);

        return rc ? 0 : -1;
}

static int
setifcaps(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        int64_t ifcap;
        bool rc;
        prop_data_t capdata;
        struct ifcapreq ifcr;

        rc = prop_dictionary_get_int64(env, "ifcap", &ifcap);
        assert(rc);

        if (getifcaps(env, oenv, &ifcr) == -1)
                return -1;

        if (ifcap < 0) {
                ifcap = -ifcap;
                ifcr.ifcr_capenable &= ~ifcap;
        } else
                ifcr.ifcr_capenable |= ifcap;

        if ((capdata = prop_data_create_copy(&ifcr, sizeof(ifcr))) == NULL)
                return -1;

        rc = prop_dictionary_set(oenv, "ifcaps", capdata);
        prop_object_release((prop_object_t)capdata);

        return rc ? 0 : -1;
}

static int
setifmetric(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        struct ifreq ifr;
        bool rc;
        int64_t metric;

        rc = prop_dictionary_get_int64(env, "metric", &metric);
        assert(rc);

        ifr.ifr_metric = metric;
        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCSIFMETRIC, &ifr) == -1)
                warn("SIOCSIFMETRIC");
        return 0;
}

static void
do_setifpreference(prop_dictionary_t env)
{
        struct if_addrprefreq ifap;
        prop_data_t d;
        const struct paddr_prefix *pfx;

        memset(&ifap, 0, sizeof(ifap));

        if (!prop_dictionary_get_int16(env, "preference",
            &ifap.ifap_preference))
                return;

        d = (prop_data_t)prop_dictionary_get(env, "address");
        assert(d != NULL);

        pfx = prop_data_value(d);

        memcpy(&ifap.ifap_addr, &pfx->pfx_addr,
            MIN(sizeof(ifap.ifap_addr), pfx->pfx_addr.sa_len));
        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCSIFADDRPREF, &ifap) == -1)
                warn("SIOCSIFADDRPREF");
}

static int
setifmtu(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        int64_t mtu;
        bool rc;
        struct ifreq ifr;

        rc = prop_dictionary_get_int64(env, "mtu", &mtu);
        assert(rc);

        ifr.ifr_mtu = mtu;
        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCSIFMTU, &ifr) == -1)
                warn("SIOCSIFMTU");

        return 0;
}

static int
link_state(prop_dictionary_t env)
{
        struct ifdatareq ifdr = { .ifdr_data.ifi_link_state = 0 };

        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCGIFDATA, &ifdr) == -1)
                return -1;

        return ifdr.ifdr_data.ifi_link_state;
}

static const char *
link_state_str(int state)
{

        switch (state) {
        case LINK_STATE_UNKNOWN:
                return "unknown";
        case LINK_STATE_DOWN:
                return "down";
        case LINK_STATE_UP:
                return "up";
        default: /* Assume -1 */
                return "error";
        }
}

static int
carrier(prop_dictionary_t env)
{
        switch (link_state(env)) {
        case -1:
        case LINK_STATE_DOWN:
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
        default:
                /* Assume UP if UNKNOWN */
                return EXIT_SUCCESS;
        }
}

static void
print_plural(const char *prefix, uint64_t n, const char *unit)
{
        printf("%s%" PRIu64 " %s%s", prefix, n, unit, (n == 1) ? "" : "s");
}

static void
print_human_bytes(bool humanize, uint64_t n)
{
        char buf[5];

        if (humanize) {
                (void)humanize_number(buf, sizeof(buf),
                    (int64_t)n, "", HN_AUTOSCALE, HN_NOSPACE | HN_DECIMAL);
                printf(", %s byte%s", buf, (atof(buf) == 1.0) ? "" : "s");
        } else
                print_plural(", ", n, "byte");
}

/*
 * Print the status of the interface.  If an address family was
 * specified, show it and it only; otherwise, show them all.
 */

#define MAX_PRINT_LEN 58        /* XXX need a better way to determine this! */

void
status(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        status_func_t *status_f;
        statistics_func_t *statistics_f;
        struct ifdatareq ifdr;
        struct if_data *ifi;
        struct ifreq ifr;
        struct ifdrv ifdrv;
        char fbuf[BUFSIZ];
        char *bp;
        int af, s;
        const char *ifname;
        struct ifcapreq ifcr;
        unsigned short flags;
        const struct afswtch *afp;
        char ifdescr[IFDESCRSIZE];

        if ((af = getaf(env)) == -1) {
                afp = NULL;
                af = AF_UNSPEC;
        } else
                afp = lookup_af_bynum(af);

        /* get out early if the family is unsupported by the kernel */
        if ((s = getsock(af)) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: getsock", __func__);

        if ((ifname = getifinfo(env, oenv, &flags)) == NULL)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: getifinfo", __func__);

        (void)snprintb(fbuf, sizeof(fbuf), IFFBITS, flags);
        printf("%s: flags=%s", ifname, fbuf);

        estrlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
        if (prog_ioctl(s, SIOCGIFMETRIC, &ifr) == -1)
                warn("SIOCGIFMETRIC %s", ifr.ifr_name);
        else if (ifr.ifr_metric != 0)
                printf(" metric %d", ifr.ifr_metric);

        estrlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
        if (prog_ioctl(s, SIOCGIFMTU, &ifr) != -1 && ifr.ifr_mtu != 0)
                printf(" mtu %d", ifr.ifr_mtu);
        printf("\n");

        if (getifcaps(env, oenv, &ifcr) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: getifcaps", __func__);

        if (ifcr.ifcr_capabilities != 0) {
                (void)snprintb_m(fbuf, sizeof(fbuf), IFCAPBITS,
                    ifcr.ifcr_capabilities, MAX_PRINT_LEN);
                bp = fbuf;
                while (*bp != '\0') {
                        printf("\tcapabilities=%s\n", bp);
                        bp += strlen(bp) + 1;
                }
                (void)snprintb_m(fbuf, sizeof(fbuf), IFCAPBITS,
                    ifcr.ifcr_capenable, MAX_PRINT_LEN);
                bp = fbuf;
                while (*bp != '\0') {
                        printf("\tenabled=%s\n", bp);
                        bp += strlen(bp) + 1;
                }
        }

        SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(status_f, &status_funcs, f_next)
                (*status_f->f_func)(env, oenv);

        estrlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
        ifr.ifr_buf = &ifdescr;
        ifr.ifr_buflen = sizeof(ifdescr);
        if (prog_ioctl(s, SIOCGIFDESCR, &ifr) == 0)
                printf("\tdescription: \"%s\"\n", (char *)ifr.ifr_buf);

        print_link_addresses(env, true);

        estrlcpy(ifdrv.ifd_name, ifname, sizeof(ifdrv.ifd_name));
        ifdrv.ifd_cmd = IFLINKSTR_QUERYLEN;
        ifdrv.ifd_len = 0;
        ifdrv.ifd_data = NULL;
        /* interface supports linkstr? */
        if (prog_ioctl(s, SIOCGLINKSTR, &ifdrv) != -1) {
                char *p;

                p = malloc(ifdrv.ifd_len);
                if (p == NULL)
                        err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc linkstr buf failed");
                ifdrv.ifd_data = p;
                ifdrv.ifd_cmd = 0;
                if (prog_ioctl(s, SIOCGLINKSTR, &ifdrv) == -1)
                        err(EXIT_FAILURE, "failed to query linkstr");
                printf("\tlinkstr: %s\n", (char *)ifdrv.ifd_data);
                free(p);
        }

        if (vflag)
                printf("\tlinkstate: %s\n", link_state_str(link_state(env)));

        media_status(env, oenv);

        if (!vflag && !zflag)
                goto proto_status;

        /* We already have if_data from SIOCGIFDATA in ifa_data. */
        estrlcpy(ifdr.ifdr_name, ifname, sizeof(ifdr.ifdr_name));
        if (prog_ioctl(s, zflag ? SIOCZIFDATA : SIOCGIFDATA, &ifdr) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, zflag ? "SIOCZIFDATA" : "SIOCGIFDATA");
        ifi = &ifdr.ifdr_data;

        print_plural("\tinput: ", ifi->ifi_ipackets, "packet");
        print_human_bytes(hflag, ifi->ifi_ibytes);
        if (ifi->ifi_imcasts)
                print_plural(", ", ifi->ifi_imcasts, "multicast");
        if (ifi->ifi_ierrors)
                print_plural(", ", ifi->ifi_ierrors, "error");
        if (ifi->ifi_iqdrops)
                print_plural(", ", ifi->ifi_iqdrops, "queue drop");
        if (ifi->ifi_noproto)
                printf(", %" PRIu64 " unknown protocol", ifi->ifi_noproto);
        print_plural("\n\toutput: ", ifi->ifi_opackets, "packet");
        print_human_bytes(hflag, ifi->ifi_obytes);
        if (ifi->ifi_omcasts)
                print_plural(", ", ifi->ifi_omcasts, "multicast");
        if (ifi->ifi_oerrors)
                print_plural(", ", ifi->ifi_oerrors, "error");
        if (ifi->ifi_collisions)
                print_plural(", ", ifi->ifi_collisions, "collision");
        printf("\n");

        SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(statistics_f, &statistics_funcs, f_next)
                (*statistics_f->f_func)(env);

 proto_status:

        if (afp != NULL)
                (*afp->af_status)(env, oenv, true);
        else SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(afp, &aflist, af_next)
                (*afp->af_status)(env, oenv, false);
}

static int
setifprefixlen(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        bool rc;
        int64_t plen;
        int af;
        struct paddr_prefix *pfx;
        prop_data_t d;

        if ((af = getaf(env)) == -1)
                af = AF_INET;

        rc = prop_dictionary_get_int64(env, "prefixlen", &plen);
        assert(rc);

        pfx = prefixlen_to_mask(af, plen);
        if (pfx == NULL)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "prefixlen_to_mask");

        d = prop_data_create_copy(pfx, paddr_prefix_size(pfx));
        if (d == NULL)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: prop_data_create_copy", __func__);

        if (!prop_dictionary_set(oenv, "netmask", (prop_object_t)d))
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: prop_dictionary_set", __func__);

        free(pfx);
        return 0;
}

static int
setlinkstr(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        struct ifdrv ifdrv;
        size_t linkstrlen;
        prop_data_t data;
        char *linkstr;

        data = (prop_data_t)prop_dictionary_get(env, "linkstr");
        if (data == NULL) {
                errno = ENOENT;
                return -1;
        }
        linkstrlen = prop_data_size(data)+1;

        linkstr = malloc(linkstrlen);
        if (linkstr == NULL)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc linkstr space");
        if (getargstr(env, "linkstr", linkstr, linkstrlen) == -1)
                errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "getargstr linkstr failed");

        ifdrv.ifd_cmd = 0;
        ifdrv.ifd_len = linkstrlen;
        ifdrv.ifd_data = __UNCONST(linkstr);

        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCSLINKSTR, &ifdrv) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "SIOCSLINKSTR");
        free(linkstr);

        return 0;
}

static int
unsetlinkstr(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        struct ifdrv ifdrv;

        memset(&ifdrv, 0, sizeof(ifdrv));
        ifdrv.ifd_cmd = IFLINKSTR_UNSET;

        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCSLINKSTR, &ifdrv) == -1)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "SIOCSLINKSTR");

        return 0;
}

static int
setifdescr(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        struct ifreq ifr;
        size_t len;
        prop_data_t data;
        char *descr;

        data = (prop_data_t)prop_dictionary_get(env, "descr");
        if (data == NULL) {
                errno = ENOENT;
                return -1;
        }
        len = prop_data_size(data) + 1;

        if (len > IFDESCRSIZE)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "description too long");

        descr = malloc(len);
        if (descr == NULL)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc description space");
        if (getargstr(env, "descr", descr, len) == -1)
                errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "getargstr descr failed");


        ifr.ifr_buf = descr;
        ifr.ifr_buflen = len;
        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCSIFDESCR, &ifr) != 0)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "SIOCSIFDESCR");

        free(descr);

        return 0;
}

static int
unsetifdescr(prop_dictionary_t env, prop_dictionary_t oenv)
{
        struct ifreq ifr;
        ifr.ifr_buf = NULL;
        ifr.ifr_buflen = 0;

        if (direct_ioctl(env, SIOCSIFDESCR, &ifr) != 0)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "SIOCSIFDESCR");

        return 0;
}


static void
usage(void)
{
        const char *progname = getprogname();
        usage_func_t *usage_f;
        prop_dictionary_t env;

        if ((env = prop_dictionary_create()) == NULL)
                err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: prop_dictionary_create", __func__);

        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [-h] %s[-v] [-z] %sinterface\n"
                "\t[ af [ address [ dest_addr ] ] [ netmask mask ] [ prefixlen n ]\n"
                "\t\t[ alias | -alias ] ]\n"
                "\t[ up ] [ down ] [ metric n ] [ mtu n ]\n", progname,
                flag_is_registered(gflags, 'm') ? "[-m] " : "",
                flag_is_registered(gflags, 'L') ? "[-L] " : "");

        SIMPLEQ_FOREACH(usage_f, &usage_funcs, f_next)
                (*usage_f->f_func)(env);

        fprintf(stderr,
                "\t[ arp | -arp ]\n"
                "\t[ preference n ]\n"
                "\t[ link0 | -link0 ] [ link1 | -link1 ] [ link2 | -link2 ]\n"
                "\t[ linkstr str | -linkstr ]\n"
                "\t[ unnumbered | -unnumbered ]\n"
                "\t[ description str | descr str | -description | -descr ]\n"
                "       %s -a [-b] [-d] [-h] %s[-u] [-v] [-z] [ af ]\n"
                "       %s -l [-b] [-d] [-s] [-u]\n"
                "       %s -C\n"
                "       %s -w n\n"
                "       %s interface create\n"
                "       %s interface destroy\n",
                progname, flag_is_registered(gflags, 'm') ? "[-m] " : "",
                progname, progname, progname, progname, progname);

        prop_object_release((prop_object_t)env);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}