// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/* Copyright (c) 2021-2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES
 */
#include <linux/iommu.h>
#include <linux/iommufd.h>
#include <linux/pci-ats.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <uapi/linux/iommufd.h>

#include "../iommu-priv.h"
#include "io_pagetable.h"
#include "iommufd_private.h"

static bool allow_unsafe_interrupts;
module_param(allow_unsafe_interrupts, bool, S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(
        allow_unsafe_interrupts,
        "Allow IOMMUFD to bind to devices even if the platform cannot isolate "
        "the MSI interrupt window. Enabling this is a security weakness.");

struct iommufd_attach {
        struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt;
        struct xarray device_array;
};

static void iommufd_group_release(struct kref *kref)
{
        struct iommufd_group *igroup =
                container_of(kref, struct iommufd_group, ref);

        WARN_ON(!xa_empty(&igroup->pasid_attach));

        xa_cmpxchg(&igroup->ictx->groups, iommu_group_id(igroup->group), igroup,
                   NULL, GFP_KERNEL);
        iommu_group_put(igroup->group);
        mutex_destroy(&igroup->lock);
        kfree(igroup);
}

static void iommufd_put_group(struct iommufd_group *group)
{
        kref_put(&group->ref, iommufd_group_release);
}

static bool iommufd_group_try_get(struct iommufd_group *igroup,
                                  struct iommu_group *group)
{
        if (!igroup)
                return false;
        /*
         * group ID's cannot be re-used until the group is put back which does
         * not happen if we could get an igroup pointer under the xa_lock.
         */
        if (WARN_ON(igroup->group != group))
                return false;
        return kref_get_unless_zero(&igroup->ref);
}

/*
 * iommufd needs to store some more data for each iommu_group, we keep a
 * parallel xarray indexed by iommu_group id to hold this instead of putting it
 * in the core structure. To keep things simple the iommufd_group memory is
 * unique within the iommufd_ctx. This makes it easy to check there are no
 * memory leaks.
 */
static struct iommufd_group *iommufd_get_group(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx,
                                               struct device *dev)
{
        struct iommufd_group *new_igroup;
        struct iommufd_group *cur_igroup;
        struct iommufd_group *igroup;
        struct iommu_group *group;
        unsigned int id;

        group = iommu_group_get(dev);
        if (!group)
                return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);

        id = iommu_group_id(group);

        xa_lock(&ictx->groups);
        igroup = xa_load(&ictx->groups, id);
        if (iommufd_group_try_get(igroup, group)) {
                xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);
                iommu_group_put(group);
                return igroup;
        }
        xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);

        new_igroup = kzalloc_obj(*new_igroup);
        if (!new_igroup) {
                iommu_group_put(group);
                return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
        }

        kref_init(&new_igroup->ref);
        mutex_init(&new_igroup->lock);
        xa_init(&new_igroup->pasid_attach);
        new_igroup->sw_msi_start = PHYS_ADDR_MAX;
        /* group reference moves into new_igroup */
        new_igroup->group = group;

        /*
         * The ictx is not additionally refcounted here becase all objects using
         * an igroup must put it before their destroy completes.
         */
        new_igroup->ictx = ictx;

        /*
         * We dropped the lock so igroup is invalid. NULL is a safe and likely
         * value to assume for the xa_cmpxchg algorithm.
         */
        cur_igroup = NULL;
        xa_lock(&ictx->groups);
        while (true) {
                igroup = __xa_cmpxchg(&ictx->groups, id, cur_igroup, new_igroup,
                                      GFP_KERNEL);
                if (xa_is_err(igroup)) {
                        xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);
                        iommufd_put_group(new_igroup);
                        return ERR_PTR(xa_err(igroup));
                }

                /* new_group was successfully installed */
                if (cur_igroup == igroup) {
                        xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);
                        return new_igroup;
                }

                /* Check again if the current group is any good */
                if (iommufd_group_try_get(igroup, group)) {
                        xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);
                        iommufd_put_group(new_igroup);
                        return igroup;
                }
                cur_igroup = igroup;
        }
}

static void iommufd_device_remove_vdev(struct iommufd_device *idev)
{
        struct iommufd_vdevice *vdev;

        mutex_lock(&idev->igroup->lock);
        /* prevent new references from vdev */
        idev->destroying = true;
        /* vdev has been completely destroyed by userspace */
        if (!idev->vdev)
                goto out_unlock;

        vdev = iommufd_get_vdevice(idev->ictx, idev->vdev->obj.id);
        /*
         * An ongoing vdev destroy ioctl has removed the vdev from the object
         * xarray, but has not finished iommufd_vdevice_destroy() yet as it
         * needs the same mutex. We exit the locking then wait on wait_cnt
         * reference for the vdev destruction.
         */
        if (IS_ERR(vdev))
                goto out_unlock;

        /* Should never happen */
        if (WARN_ON(vdev != idev->vdev)) {
                iommufd_put_object(idev->ictx, &vdev->obj);
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        /*
         * vdev is still alive. Hold a users refcount to prevent racing with
         * userspace destruction, then use iommufd_object_tombstone_user() to
         * destroy it and leave a tombstone.
         */
        refcount_inc(&vdev->obj.users);
        iommufd_put_object(idev->ictx, &vdev->obj);
        mutex_unlock(&idev->igroup->lock);
        iommufd_object_tombstone_user(idev->ictx, &vdev->obj);
        return;

out_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&idev->igroup->lock);
}

void iommufd_device_pre_destroy(struct iommufd_object *obj)
{
        struct iommufd_device *idev =
                container_of(obj, struct iommufd_device, obj);

        /* Release the wait_cnt reference on this */
        iommufd_device_remove_vdev(idev);
}

void iommufd_device_destroy(struct iommufd_object *obj)
{
        struct iommufd_device *idev =
                container_of(obj, struct iommufd_device, obj);

        iommu_device_release_dma_owner(idev->dev);
        iommufd_put_group(idev->igroup);
        if (!iommufd_selftest_is_mock_dev(idev->dev))
                iommufd_ctx_put(idev->ictx);
}

/**
 * iommufd_device_bind - Bind a physical device to an iommu fd
 * @ictx: iommufd file descriptor
 * @dev: Pointer to a physical device struct
 * @id: Output ID number to return to userspace for this device
 *
 * A successful bind establishes an ownership over the device and returns
 * struct iommufd_device pointer, otherwise returns error pointer.
 *
 * A driver using this API must set driver_managed_dma and must not touch
 * the device until this routine succeeds and establishes ownership.
 *
 * Binding a PCI device places the entire RID under iommufd control.
 *
 * The caller must undo this with iommufd_device_unbind()
 */
struct iommufd_device *iommufd_device_bind(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx,
                                           struct device *dev, u32 *id)
{
        struct iommufd_device *idev;
        struct iommufd_group *igroup;
        int rc;

        /*
         * iommufd always sets IOMMU_CACHE because we offer no way for userspace
         * to restore cache coherency.
         */
        if (!device_iommu_capable(dev, IOMMU_CAP_CACHE_COHERENCY))
                return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

        igroup = iommufd_get_group(ictx, dev);
        if (IS_ERR(igroup))
                return ERR_CAST(igroup);

        /*
         * For historical compat with VFIO the insecure interrupt path is
         * allowed if the module parameter is set. Secure/Isolated means that a
         * MemWr operation from the device (eg a simple DMA) cannot trigger an
         * interrupt outside this iommufd context.
         */
        if (!iommufd_selftest_is_mock_dev(dev) &&
            !iommu_group_has_isolated_msi(igroup->group)) {
                if (!allow_unsafe_interrupts) {
                        rc = -EPERM;
                        goto out_group_put;
                }

                dev_warn(
                        dev,
                        "MSI interrupts are not secure, they cannot be isolated by the platform. "
                        "Check that platform features like interrupt remapping are enabled. "
                        "Use the \"allow_unsafe_interrupts\" module parameter to override\n");
        }

        rc = iommu_device_claim_dma_owner(dev, ictx);
        if (rc)
                goto out_group_put;

        idev = iommufd_object_alloc(ictx, idev, IOMMUFD_OBJ_DEVICE);
        if (IS_ERR(idev)) {
                rc = PTR_ERR(idev);
                goto out_release_owner;
        }
        idev->ictx = ictx;
        if (!iommufd_selftest_is_mock_dev(dev))
                iommufd_ctx_get(ictx);
        idev->dev = dev;
        idev->enforce_cache_coherency =
                device_iommu_capable(dev, IOMMU_CAP_ENFORCE_CACHE_COHERENCY);
        /* The calling driver is a user until iommufd_device_unbind() */
        refcount_inc(&idev->obj.users);
        /* igroup refcount moves into iommufd_device */
        idev->igroup = igroup;

        /*
         * If the caller fails after this success it must call
         * iommufd_unbind_device() which is safe since we hold this refcount.
         * This also means the device is a leaf in the graph and no other object
         * can take a reference on it.
         */
        iommufd_object_finalize(ictx, &idev->obj);
        *id = idev->obj.id;
        return idev;

out_release_owner:
        iommu_device_release_dma_owner(dev);
out_group_put:
        iommufd_put_group(igroup);
        return ERR_PTR(rc);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_device_bind, "IOMMUFD");

/**
 * iommufd_ctx_has_group - True if any device within the group is bound
 *                         to the ictx
 * @ictx: iommufd file descriptor
 * @group: Pointer to a physical iommu_group struct
 *
 * True if any device within the group has been bound to this ictx, ex. via
 * iommufd_device_bind(), therefore implying ictx ownership of the group.
 */
bool iommufd_ctx_has_group(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx, struct iommu_group *group)
{
        struct iommufd_object *obj;
        unsigned long index;

        if (!ictx || !group)
                return false;

        xa_lock(&ictx->objects);
        xa_for_each(&ictx->objects, index, obj) {
                if (obj->type == IOMMUFD_OBJ_DEVICE &&
                    container_of(obj, struct iommufd_device, obj)
                                    ->igroup->group == group) {
                        xa_unlock(&ictx->objects);
                        return true;
                }
        }
        xa_unlock(&ictx->objects);
        return false;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_ctx_has_group, "IOMMUFD");

/**
 * iommufd_device_unbind - Undo iommufd_device_bind()
 * @idev: Device returned by iommufd_device_bind()
 *
 * Release the device from iommufd control. The DMA ownership will return back
 * to unowned with DMA controlled by the DMA API. This invalidates the
 * iommufd_device pointer, other APIs that consume it must not be called
 * concurrently.
 */
void iommufd_device_unbind(struct iommufd_device *idev)
{
        iommufd_object_destroy_user(idev->ictx, &idev->obj);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_device_unbind, "IOMMUFD");

struct iommufd_ctx *iommufd_device_to_ictx(struct iommufd_device *idev)
{
        return idev->ictx;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_device_to_ictx, "IOMMUFD");

u32 iommufd_device_to_id(struct iommufd_device *idev)
{
        return idev->obj.id;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_device_to_id, "IOMMUFD");

static unsigned int iommufd_group_device_num(struct iommufd_group *igroup,
                                             ioasid_t pasid)
{
        struct iommufd_attach *attach;
        struct iommufd_device *idev;
        unsigned int count = 0;
        unsigned long index;

        lockdep_assert_held(&igroup->lock);

        attach = xa_load(&igroup->pasid_attach, pasid);
        if (attach)
                xa_for_each(&attach->device_array, index, idev)
                        count++;
        return count;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_MSI_IOMMU
static int iommufd_group_setup_msi(struct iommufd_group *igroup,
                                   struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *hwpt_paging)
{
        struct iommufd_ctx *ictx = igroup->ictx;
        struct iommufd_sw_msi_map *cur;

        if (igroup->sw_msi_start == PHYS_ADDR_MAX)
                return 0;

        /*
         * Install all the MSI pages the device has been using into the domain
         */
        guard(mutex)(&ictx->sw_msi_lock);
        list_for_each_entry(cur, &ictx->sw_msi_list, sw_msi_item) {
                int rc;

                if (cur->sw_msi_start != igroup->sw_msi_start ||
                    !test_bit(cur->id, igroup->required_sw_msi.bitmap))
                        continue;

                rc = iommufd_sw_msi_install(ictx, hwpt_paging, cur);
                if (rc)
                        return rc;
        }
        return 0;
}
#else
static inline int
iommufd_group_setup_msi(struct iommufd_group *igroup,
                        struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *hwpt_paging)
{
        return 0;
}
#endif

static bool
iommufd_group_first_attach(struct iommufd_group *igroup, ioasid_t pasid)
{
        lockdep_assert_held(&igroup->lock);
        return !xa_load(&igroup->pasid_attach, pasid);
}

static int
iommufd_device_attach_reserved_iova(struct iommufd_device *idev,
                                    struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *hwpt_paging)
{
        struct iommufd_group *igroup = idev->igroup;
        int rc;

        lockdep_assert_held(&igroup->lock);

        rc = iopt_table_enforce_dev_resv_regions(&hwpt_paging->ioas->iopt,
                                                 idev->dev,
                                                 &igroup->sw_msi_start);
        if (rc)
                return rc;

        if (iommufd_group_first_attach(igroup, IOMMU_NO_PASID)) {
                rc = iommufd_group_setup_msi(igroup, hwpt_paging);
                if (rc) {
                        iopt_remove_reserved_iova(&hwpt_paging->ioas->iopt,
                                                  idev->dev);
                        return rc;
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

/* The device attach/detach/replace helpers for attach_handle */

static bool iommufd_device_is_attached(struct iommufd_device *idev,
                                       ioasid_t pasid)
{
        struct iommufd_attach *attach;

        attach = xa_load(&idev->igroup->pasid_attach, pasid);
        return xa_load(&attach->device_array, idev->obj.id);
}

static int iommufd_hwpt_pasid_compat(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
                                     struct iommufd_device *idev,
                                     ioasid_t pasid)
{
        struct iommufd_group *igroup = idev->igroup;

        lockdep_assert_held(&igroup->lock);

        if (pasid == IOMMU_NO_PASID) {
                unsigned long start = IOMMU_NO_PASID;

                if (!hwpt->pasid_compat &&
                    xa_find_after(&igroup->pasid_attach,
                                  &start, UINT_MAX, XA_PRESENT))
                        return -EINVAL;
        } else {
                struct iommufd_attach *attach;

                if (!hwpt->pasid_compat)
                        return -EINVAL;

                attach = xa_load(&igroup->pasid_attach, IOMMU_NO_PASID);
                if (attach && attach->hwpt && !attach->hwpt->pasid_compat)
                        return -EINVAL;
        }

        return 0;
}

static bool iommufd_hwpt_compatible_device(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
                                           struct iommufd_device *idev)
{
        struct pci_dev *pdev;

        if (!hwpt->fault || !dev_is_pci(idev->dev))
                return true;

        /*
         * Once we turn on PCI/PRI support for VF, the response failure code
         * should not be forwarded to the hardware due to PRI being a shared
         * resource between PF and VFs. There is no coordination for this
         * shared capability. This waits for a vPRI reset to recover.
         */
        pdev = to_pci_dev(idev->dev);

        return (!pdev->is_virtfn || !pci_pri_supported(pdev));
}

static int iommufd_hwpt_attach_device(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
                                      struct iommufd_device *idev,
                                      ioasid_t pasid)
{
        struct iommufd_attach_handle *handle;
        int rc;

        if (!iommufd_hwpt_compatible_device(hwpt, idev))
                return -EINVAL;

        rc = iommufd_hwpt_pasid_compat(hwpt, idev, pasid);
        if (rc)
                return rc;

        handle = kzalloc_obj(*handle);
        if (!handle)
                return -ENOMEM;

        handle->idev = idev;
        if (pasid == IOMMU_NO_PASID)
                rc = iommu_attach_group_handle(hwpt->domain, idev->igroup->group,
                                               &handle->handle);
        else
                rc = iommu_attach_device_pasid(hwpt->domain, idev->dev, pasid,
                                               &handle->handle);
        if (rc)
                goto out_free_handle;

        return 0;

out_free_handle:
        kfree(handle);
        return rc;
}

static struct iommufd_attach_handle *
iommufd_device_get_attach_handle(struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid)
{
        struct iommu_attach_handle *handle;

        lockdep_assert_held(&idev->igroup->lock);

        handle = iommu_attach_handle_get(idev->igroup->group, pasid, 0);
        if (IS_ERR(handle))
                return NULL;
        return to_iommufd_handle(handle);
}

static void iommufd_hwpt_detach_device(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
                                       struct iommufd_device *idev,
                                       ioasid_t pasid)
{
        struct iommufd_attach_handle *handle;

        handle = iommufd_device_get_attach_handle(idev, pasid);
        if (pasid == IOMMU_NO_PASID)
                iommu_detach_group_handle(hwpt->domain, idev->igroup->group);
        else
                iommu_detach_device_pasid(hwpt->domain, idev->dev, pasid);

        iommufd_auto_response_faults(hwpt, handle);
        kfree(handle);
}

static int iommufd_hwpt_replace_device(struct iommufd_device *idev,
                                       ioasid_t pasid,
                                       struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
                                       struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *old)
{
        struct iommufd_attach_handle *handle, *old_handle;
        int rc;

        if (!iommufd_hwpt_compatible_device(hwpt, idev))
                return -EINVAL;

        rc = iommufd_hwpt_pasid_compat(hwpt, idev, pasid);
        if (rc)
                return rc;

        old_handle = iommufd_device_get_attach_handle(idev, pasid);

        handle = kzalloc_obj(*handle);
        if (!handle)
                return -ENOMEM;

        handle->idev = idev;
        if (pasid == IOMMU_NO_PASID)
                rc = iommu_replace_group_handle(idev->igroup->group,
                                                hwpt->domain, &handle->handle);
        else
                rc = iommu_replace_device_pasid(hwpt->domain, idev->dev,
                                                pasid, &handle->handle);
        if (rc)
                goto out_free_handle;

        iommufd_auto_response_faults(old, old_handle);
        kfree(old_handle);

        return 0;

out_free_handle:
        kfree(handle);
        return rc;
}

int iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
                                struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid)
{
        struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *hwpt_paging = find_hwpt_paging(hwpt);
        bool attach_resv = hwpt_paging && pasid == IOMMU_NO_PASID;
        struct iommufd_group *igroup = idev->igroup;
        struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *old_hwpt;
        struct iommufd_attach *attach;
        int rc;

        mutex_lock(&igroup->lock);

        attach = xa_cmpxchg(&igroup->pasid_attach, pasid, NULL,
                            XA_ZERO_ENTRY, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (xa_is_err(attach)) {
                rc = xa_err(attach);
                goto err_unlock;
        }

        if (!attach) {
                attach = kzalloc_obj(*attach);
                if (!attach) {
                        rc = -ENOMEM;
                        goto err_release_pasid;
                }
                xa_init(&attach->device_array);
        }

        old_hwpt = attach->hwpt;

        rc = xa_insert(&attach->device_array, idev->obj.id, XA_ZERO_ENTRY,
                       GFP_KERNEL);
        if (rc) {
                WARN_ON(rc == -EBUSY && !old_hwpt);
                goto err_free_attach;
        }

        if (old_hwpt && old_hwpt != hwpt) {
                rc = -EINVAL;
                goto err_release_devid;
        }

        if (attach_resv) {
                rc = iommufd_device_attach_reserved_iova(idev, hwpt_paging);
                if (rc)
                        goto err_release_devid;
        }

        /*
         * Only attach to the group once for the first device that is in the
         * group. All the other devices will follow this attachment. The user
         * should attach every device individually to the hwpt as the per-device
         * reserved regions are only updated during individual device
         * attachment.
         */
        if (iommufd_group_first_attach(igroup, pasid)) {
                rc = iommufd_hwpt_attach_device(hwpt, idev, pasid);
                if (rc)
                        goto err_unresv;
                attach->hwpt = hwpt;
                WARN_ON(xa_is_err(xa_store(&igroup->pasid_attach, pasid, attach,
                                           GFP_KERNEL)));
        }
        refcount_inc(&hwpt->obj.users);
        WARN_ON(xa_is_err(xa_store(&attach->device_array, idev->obj.id,
                                   idev, GFP_KERNEL)));
        mutex_unlock(&igroup->lock);
        return 0;
err_unresv:
        if (attach_resv)
                iopt_remove_reserved_iova(&hwpt_paging->ioas->iopt, idev->dev);
err_release_devid:
        xa_release(&attach->device_array, idev->obj.id);
err_free_attach:
        if (iommufd_group_first_attach(igroup, pasid))
                kfree(attach);
err_release_pasid:
        if (iommufd_group_first_attach(igroup, pasid))
                xa_release(&igroup->pasid_attach, pasid);
err_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&igroup->lock);
        return rc;
}

struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *
iommufd_hw_pagetable_detach(struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid)
{
        struct iommufd_group *igroup = idev->igroup;
        struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *hwpt_paging;
        struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt;
        struct iommufd_attach *attach;

        mutex_lock(&igroup->lock);
        attach = xa_load(&igroup->pasid_attach, pasid);
        if (!attach) {
                mutex_unlock(&igroup->lock);
                return NULL;
        }

        hwpt = attach->hwpt;
        hwpt_paging = find_hwpt_paging(hwpt);

        xa_erase(&attach->device_array, idev->obj.id);
        if (xa_empty(&attach->device_array)) {
                iommufd_hwpt_detach_device(hwpt, idev, pasid);
                xa_erase(&igroup->pasid_attach, pasid);
                kfree(attach);
        }
        if (hwpt_paging && pasid == IOMMU_NO_PASID)
                iopt_remove_reserved_iova(&hwpt_paging->ioas->iopt, idev->dev);
        mutex_unlock(&igroup->lock);

        iommufd_hw_pagetable_put(idev->ictx, hwpt);

        /* Caller must destroy hwpt */
        return hwpt;
}

static struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *
iommufd_device_do_attach(struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid,
                         struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt)
{
        int rc;

        rc = iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach(hwpt, idev, pasid);
        if (rc)
                return ERR_PTR(rc);
        return NULL;
}

static void
iommufd_group_remove_reserved_iova(struct iommufd_group *igroup,
                                   struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *hwpt_paging)
{
        struct iommufd_attach *attach;
        struct iommufd_device *cur;
        unsigned long index;

        lockdep_assert_held(&igroup->lock);

        attach = xa_load(&igroup->pasid_attach, IOMMU_NO_PASID);
        xa_for_each(&attach->device_array, index, cur)
                iopt_remove_reserved_iova(&hwpt_paging->ioas->iopt, cur->dev);
}

static int
iommufd_group_do_replace_reserved_iova(struct iommufd_group *igroup,
                                       struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *hwpt_paging)
{
        struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *old_hwpt_paging;
        struct iommufd_attach *attach;
        struct iommufd_device *cur;
        unsigned long index;
        int rc;

        lockdep_assert_held(&igroup->lock);

        attach = xa_load(&igroup->pasid_attach, IOMMU_NO_PASID);
        old_hwpt_paging = find_hwpt_paging(attach->hwpt);
        if (!old_hwpt_paging || hwpt_paging->ioas != old_hwpt_paging->ioas) {
                xa_for_each(&attach->device_array, index, cur) {
                        rc = iopt_table_enforce_dev_resv_regions(
                                &hwpt_paging->ioas->iopt, cur->dev, NULL);
                        if (rc)
                                goto err_unresv;
                }
        }

        rc = iommufd_group_setup_msi(igroup, hwpt_paging);
        if (rc)
                goto err_unresv;
        return 0;

err_unresv:
        iommufd_group_remove_reserved_iova(igroup, hwpt_paging);
        return rc;
}

static struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *
iommufd_device_do_replace(struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid,
                          struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt)
{
        struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *hwpt_paging = find_hwpt_paging(hwpt);
        bool attach_resv = hwpt_paging && pasid == IOMMU_NO_PASID;
        struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *old_hwpt_paging;
        struct iommufd_group *igroup = idev->igroup;
        struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *old_hwpt;
        struct iommufd_attach *attach;
        unsigned int num_devices;
        int rc;

        mutex_lock(&igroup->lock);

        attach = xa_load(&igroup->pasid_attach, pasid);
        if (!attach) {
                rc = -EINVAL;
                goto err_unlock;
        }

        old_hwpt = attach->hwpt;

        WARN_ON(!old_hwpt || xa_empty(&attach->device_array));

        if (!iommufd_device_is_attached(idev, pasid)) {
                rc = -EINVAL;
                goto err_unlock;
        }

        if (hwpt == old_hwpt) {
                mutex_unlock(&igroup->lock);
                return NULL;
        }

        if (attach_resv) {
                rc = iommufd_group_do_replace_reserved_iova(igroup, hwpt_paging);
                if (rc)
                        goto err_unlock;
        }

        rc = iommufd_hwpt_replace_device(idev, pasid, hwpt, old_hwpt);
        if (rc)
                goto err_unresv;

        old_hwpt_paging = find_hwpt_paging(old_hwpt);
        if (old_hwpt_paging && pasid == IOMMU_NO_PASID &&
            (!hwpt_paging || hwpt_paging->ioas != old_hwpt_paging->ioas))
                iommufd_group_remove_reserved_iova(igroup, old_hwpt_paging);

        attach->hwpt = hwpt;

        num_devices = iommufd_group_device_num(igroup, pasid);
        /*
         * Move the refcounts held by the device_array to the new hwpt. Retain a
         * refcount for this thread as the caller will free it.
         */
        refcount_add(num_devices, &hwpt->obj.users);
        if (num_devices > 1)
                WARN_ON(refcount_sub_and_test(num_devices - 1,
                                              &old_hwpt->obj.users));
        mutex_unlock(&igroup->lock);

        /* Caller must destroy old_hwpt */
        return old_hwpt;
err_unresv:
        if (attach_resv)
                iommufd_group_remove_reserved_iova(igroup, hwpt_paging);
err_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&igroup->lock);
        return ERR_PTR(rc);
}

typedef struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *(*attach_fn)(
        struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid,
        struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt);

/*
 * When automatically managing the domains we search for a compatible domain in
 * the iopt and if one is found use it, otherwise create a new domain.
 * Automatic domain selection will never pick a manually created domain.
 */
static struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *
iommufd_device_auto_get_domain(struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid,
                               struct iommufd_ioas *ioas, u32 *pt_id,
                               attach_fn do_attach)
{
        /*
         * iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach() is called by
         * iommufd_hwpt_paging_alloc() in immediate attachment mode, same as
         * iommufd_device_do_attach(). So if we are in this mode then we prefer
         * to use the immediate_attach path as it supports drivers that can't
         * directly allocate a domain.
         */
        bool immediate_attach = do_attach == iommufd_device_do_attach;
        struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *destroy_hwpt;
        struct iommufd_hwpt_paging *hwpt_paging;
        struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt;

        /*
         * There is no differentiation when domains are allocated, so any domain
         * that is willing to attach to the device is interchangeable with any
         * other.
         */
        mutex_lock(&ioas->mutex);
        list_for_each_entry(hwpt_paging, &ioas->hwpt_list, hwpt_item) {
                if (!hwpt_paging->auto_domain)
                        continue;

                hwpt = &hwpt_paging->common;
                if (!iommufd_lock_obj(&hwpt->obj))
                        continue;
                destroy_hwpt = (*do_attach)(idev, pasid, hwpt);
                if (IS_ERR(destroy_hwpt)) {
                        iommufd_put_object(idev->ictx, &hwpt->obj);
                        /*
                         * -EINVAL means the domain is incompatible with the
                         * device. Other error codes should propagate to
                         * userspace as failure. Success means the domain is
                         * attached.
                         */
                        if (PTR_ERR(destroy_hwpt) == -EINVAL)
                                continue;
                        goto out_unlock;
                }
                *pt_id = hwpt->obj.id;
                iommufd_put_object(idev->ictx, &hwpt->obj);
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        hwpt_paging = iommufd_hwpt_paging_alloc(idev->ictx, ioas, idev, pasid,
                                                0, immediate_attach, NULL);
        if (IS_ERR(hwpt_paging)) {
                destroy_hwpt = ERR_CAST(hwpt_paging);
                goto out_unlock;
        }
        hwpt = &hwpt_paging->common;

        if (!immediate_attach) {
                destroy_hwpt = (*do_attach)(idev, pasid, hwpt);
                if (IS_ERR(destroy_hwpt))
                        goto out_abort;
        } else {
                destroy_hwpt = NULL;
        }

        hwpt_paging->auto_domain = true;
        *pt_id = hwpt->obj.id;

        iommufd_object_finalize(idev->ictx, &hwpt->obj);
        mutex_unlock(&ioas->mutex);
        return destroy_hwpt;

out_abort:
        iommufd_object_abort_and_destroy(idev->ictx, &hwpt->obj);
out_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&ioas->mutex);
        return destroy_hwpt;
}

static int iommufd_device_change_pt(struct iommufd_device *idev,
                                    ioasid_t pasid,
                                    u32 *pt_id, attach_fn do_attach)
{
        struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *destroy_hwpt;
        struct iommufd_object *pt_obj;

        pt_obj = iommufd_get_object(idev->ictx, *pt_id, IOMMUFD_OBJ_ANY);
        if (IS_ERR(pt_obj))
                return PTR_ERR(pt_obj);

        switch (pt_obj->type) {
        case IOMMUFD_OBJ_HWPT_NESTED:
        case IOMMUFD_OBJ_HWPT_PAGING: {
                struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt =
                        container_of(pt_obj, struct iommufd_hw_pagetable, obj);

                destroy_hwpt = (*do_attach)(idev, pasid, hwpt);
                if (IS_ERR(destroy_hwpt))
                        goto out_put_pt_obj;
                break;
        }
        case IOMMUFD_OBJ_IOAS: {
                struct iommufd_ioas *ioas =
                        container_of(pt_obj, struct iommufd_ioas, obj);

                destroy_hwpt = iommufd_device_auto_get_domain(idev, pasid, ioas,
                                                              pt_id, do_attach);
                if (IS_ERR(destroy_hwpt))
                        goto out_put_pt_obj;
                break;
        }
        default:
                destroy_hwpt = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
                goto out_put_pt_obj;
        }
        iommufd_put_object(idev->ictx, pt_obj);

        /* This destruction has to be after we unlock everything */
        if (destroy_hwpt)
                iommufd_hw_pagetable_put(idev->ictx, destroy_hwpt);
        return 0;

out_put_pt_obj:
        iommufd_put_object(idev->ictx, pt_obj);
        return PTR_ERR(destroy_hwpt);
}

/**
 * iommufd_device_attach - Connect a device/pasid to an iommu_domain
 * @idev: device to attach
 * @pasid: pasid to attach
 * @pt_id: Input a IOMMUFD_OBJ_IOAS, or IOMMUFD_OBJ_HWPT_PAGING
 *         Output the IOMMUFD_OBJ_HWPT_PAGING ID
 *
 * This connects the device/pasid to an iommu_domain, either automatically
 * or manually selected. Once this completes the device could do DMA with
 * @pasid. @pasid is IOMMU_NO_PASID if this attach is for no pasid usage.
 *
 * The caller should return the resulting pt_id back to userspace.
 * This function is undone by calling iommufd_device_detach().
 */
int iommufd_device_attach(struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid,
                          u32 *pt_id)
{
        int rc;

        rc = iommufd_device_change_pt(idev, pasid, pt_id,
                                      &iommufd_device_do_attach);
        if (rc)
                return rc;

        /*
         * Pairs with iommufd_device_detach() - catches caller bugs attempting
         * to destroy a device with an attachment.
         */
        refcount_inc(&idev->obj.users);
        return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_device_attach, "IOMMUFD");

/**
 * iommufd_device_replace - Change the device/pasid's iommu_domain
 * @idev: device to change
 * @pasid: pasid to change
 * @pt_id: Input a IOMMUFD_OBJ_IOAS, or IOMMUFD_OBJ_HWPT_PAGING
 *         Output the IOMMUFD_OBJ_HWPT_PAGING ID
 *
 * This is the same as::
 *
 *   iommufd_device_detach();
 *   iommufd_device_attach();
 *
 * If it fails then no change is made to the attachment. The iommu driver may
 * implement this so there is no disruption in translation. This can only be
 * called if iommufd_device_attach() has already succeeded. @pasid is
 * IOMMU_NO_PASID for no pasid usage.
 */
int iommufd_device_replace(struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid,
                           u32 *pt_id)
{
        return iommufd_device_change_pt(idev, pasid, pt_id,
                                        &iommufd_device_do_replace);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_device_replace, "IOMMUFD");

/**
 * iommufd_device_detach - Disconnect a device/device to an iommu_domain
 * @idev: device to detach
 * @pasid: pasid to detach
 *
 * Undo iommufd_device_attach(). This disconnects the idev from the previously
 * attached pt_id. The device returns back to a blocked DMA translation.
 * @pasid is IOMMU_NO_PASID for no pasid usage.
 */
void iommufd_device_detach(struct iommufd_device *idev, ioasid_t pasid)
{
        struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt;

        hwpt = iommufd_hw_pagetable_detach(idev, pasid);
        if (!hwpt)
                return;
        refcount_dec(&idev->obj.users);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_device_detach, "IOMMUFD");

/*
 * On success, it will refcount_inc() at a valid new_ioas and refcount_dec() at
 * a valid cur_ioas (access->ioas). A caller passing in a valid new_ioas should
 * call iommufd_put_object() if it does an iommufd_get_object() for a new_ioas.
 */
static int iommufd_access_change_ioas(struct iommufd_access *access,
                                      struct iommufd_ioas *new_ioas)
{
        u32 iopt_access_list_id = access->iopt_access_list_id;
        struct iommufd_ioas *cur_ioas = access->ioas;
        int rc;

        lockdep_assert_held(&access->ioas_lock);

        /* We are racing with a concurrent detach, bail */
        if (cur_ioas != access->ioas_unpin)
                return -EBUSY;

        if (cur_ioas == new_ioas)
                return 0;

        /*
         * Set ioas to NULL to block any further iommufd_access_pin_pages().
         * iommufd_access_unpin_pages() can continue using access->ioas_unpin.
         */
        access->ioas = NULL;

        if (new_ioas) {
                rc = iopt_add_access(&new_ioas->iopt, access);
                if (rc) {
                        access->ioas = cur_ioas;
                        return rc;
                }
                refcount_inc(&new_ioas->obj.users);
        }

        if (cur_ioas) {
                if (!iommufd_access_is_internal(access) && access->ops->unmap) {
                        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
                        access->ops->unmap(access->data, 0, ULONG_MAX);
                        mutex_lock(&access->ioas_lock);
                }
                iopt_remove_access(&cur_ioas->iopt, access, iopt_access_list_id);
                refcount_dec(&cur_ioas->obj.users);
        }

        access->ioas = new_ioas;
        access->ioas_unpin = new_ioas;

        return 0;
}

static int iommufd_access_change_ioas_id(struct iommufd_access *access, u32 id)
{
        struct iommufd_ioas *ioas = iommufd_get_ioas(access->ictx, id);
        int rc;

        if (IS_ERR(ioas))
                return PTR_ERR(ioas);
        rc = iommufd_access_change_ioas(access, ioas);
        iommufd_put_object(access->ictx, &ioas->obj);
        return rc;
}

void iommufd_access_destroy_object(struct iommufd_object *obj)
{
        struct iommufd_access *access =
                container_of(obj, struct iommufd_access, obj);

        mutex_lock(&access->ioas_lock);
        if (access->ioas)
                WARN_ON(iommufd_access_change_ioas(access, NULL));
        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
        if (!iommufd_access_is_internal(access))
                iommufd_ctx_put(access->ictx);
}

static struct iommufd_access *__iommufd_access_create(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx)
{
        struct iommufd_access *access;

        /*
         * There is no uAPI for the access object, but to keep things symmetric
         * use the object infrastructure anyhow.
         */
        access = iommufd_object_alloc(ictx, access, IOMMUFD_OBJ_ACCESS);
        if (IS_ERR(access))
                return access;

        /* The calling driver is a user until iommufd_access_destroy() */
        refcount_inc(&access->obj.users);
        mutex_init(&access->ioas_lock);
        return access;
}

struct iommufd_access *iommufd_access_create_internal(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx)
{
        struct iommufd_access *access;

        access = __iommufd_access_create(ictx);
        if (IS_ERR(access))
                return access;
        access->iova_alignment = PAGE_SIZE;

        iommufd_object_finalize(ictx, &access->obj);
        return access;
}

/**
 * iommufd_access_create - Create an iommufd_access
 * @ictx: iommufd file descriptor
 * @ops: Driver's ops to associate with the access
 * @data: Opaque data to pass into ops functions
 * @id: Output ID number to return to userspace for this access
 *
 * An iommufd_access allows a driver to read/write to the IOAS without using
 * DMA. The underlying CPU memory can be accessed using the
 * iommufd_access_pin_pages() or iommufd_access_rw() functions.
 *
 * The provided ops are required to use iommufd_access_pin_pages().
 */
struct iommufd_access *
iommufd_access_create(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx,
                      const struct iommufd_access_ops *ops, void *data, u32 *id)
{
        struct iommufd_access *access;

        access = __iommufd_access_create(ictx);
        if (IS_ERR(access))
                return access;

        access->data = data;
        access->ops = ops;

        if (ops->needs_pin_pages)
                access->iova_alignment = PAGE_SIZE;
        else
                access->iova_alignment = 1;

        access->ictx = ictx;
        iommufd_ctx_get(ictx);
        iommufd_object_finalize(ictx, &access->obj);
        *id = access->obj.id;
        return access;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_access_create, "IOMMUFD");

/**
 * iommufd_access_destroy - Destroy an iommufd_access
 * @access: The access to destroy
 *
 * The caller must stop using the access before destroying it.
 */
void iommufd_access_destroy(struct iommufd_access *access)
{
        iommufd_object_destroy_user(access->ictx, &access->obj);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_access_destroy, "IOMMUFD");

void iommufd_access_detach(struct iommufd_access *access)
{
        mutex_lock(&access->ioas_lock);
        if (WARN_ON(!access->ioas)) {
                mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
                return;
        }
        WARN_ON(iommufd_access_change_ioas(access, NULL));
        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_access_detach, "IOMMUFD");

int iommufd_access_attach(struct iommufd_access *access, u32 ioas_id)
{
        int rc;

        mutex_lock(&access->ioas_lock);
        if (WARN_ON(access->ioas)) {
                mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        rc = iommufd_access_change_ioas_id(access, ioas_id);
        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
        return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_access_attach, "IOMMUFD");

int iommufd_access_attach_internal(struct iommufd_access *access,
                                   struct iommufd_ioas *ioas)
{
        int rc;

        mutex_lock(&access->ioas_lock);
        if (WARN_ON(access->ioas)) {
                mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        rc = iommufd_access_change_ioas(access, ioas);
        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
        return rc;
}

int iommufd_access_replace(struct iommufd_access *access, u32 ioas_id)
{
        int rc;

        mutex_lock(&access->ioas_lock);
        if (!access->ioas) {
                mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
                return -ENOENT;
        }
        rc = iommufd_access_change_ioas_id(access, ioas_id);
        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
        return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_access_replace, "IOMMUFD");

/**
 * iommufd_access_notify_unmap - Notify users of an iopt to stop using it
 * @iopt: iopt to work on
 * @iova: Starting iova in the iopt
 * @length: Number of bytes
 *
 * After this function returns there should be no users attached to the pages
 * linked to this iopt that intersect with iova,length. Anyone that has attached
 * a user through iopt_access_pages() needs to detach it through
 * iommufd_access_unpin_pages() before this function returns.
 *
 * iommufd_access_destroy() will wait for any outstanding unmap callback to
 * complete. Once iommufd_access_destroy() no unmap ops are running or will
 * run in the future. Due to this a driver must not create locking that prevents
 * unmap to complete while iommufd_access_destroy() is running.
 */
void iommufd_access_notify_unmap(struct io_pagetable *iopt, unsigned long iova,
                                 unsigned long length)
{
        struct iommufd_ioas *ioas =
                container_of(iopt, struct iommufd_ioas, iopt);
        struct iommufd_access *access;
        unsigned long index;

        xa_lock(&ioas->iopt.access_list);
        xa_for_each(&ioas->iopt.access_list, index, access) {
                if (!iommufd_lock_obj(&access->obj) ||
                    iommufd_access_is_internal(access))
                        continue;
                xa_unlock(&ioas->iopt.access_list);

                access->ops->unmap(access->data, iova, length);

                iommufd_put_object(access->ictx, &access->obj);
                xa_lock(&ioas->iopt.access_list);
        }
        xa_unlock(&ioas->iopt.access_list);
}

/**
 * iommufd_access_unpin_pages() - Undo iommufd_access_pin_pages
 * @access: IOAS access to act on
 * @iova: Starting IOVA
 * @length: Number of bytes to access
 *
 * Return the struct page's. The caller must stop accessing them before calling
 * this. The iova/length must exactly match the one provided to access_pages.
 */
void iommufd_access_unpin_pages(struct iommufd_access *access,
                                unsigned long iova, unsigned long length)
{
        bool internal = iommufd_access_is_internal(access);
        struct iopt_area_contig_iter iter;
        struct io_pagetable *iopt;
        unsigned long last_iova;
        struct iopt_area *area;

        if (WARN_ON(!length) ||
            WARN_ON(check_add_overflow(iova, length - 1, &last_iova)))
                return;

        mutex_lock(&access->ioas_lock);
        /*
         * The driver must be doing something wrong if it calls this before an
         * iommufd_access_attach() or after an iommufd_access_detach().
         */
        if (WARN_ON(!access->ioas_unpin)) {
                mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
                return;
        }
        iopt = &access->ioas_unpin->iopt;

        down_read(&iopt->iova_rwsem);
        iopt_for_each_contig_area(&iter, area, iopt, iova, last_iova)
                iopt_area_remove_access(
                        area, iopt_area_iova_to_index(area, iter.cur_iova),
                        iopt_area_iova_to_index(
                                area,
                                min(last_iova, iopt_area_last_iova(area))),
                        internal);
        WARN_ON(!iopt_area_contig_done(&iter));
        up_read(&iopt->iova_rwsem);
        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_access_unpin_pages, "IOMMUFD");

static bool iopt_area_contig_is_aligned(struct iopt_area_contig_iter *iter)
{
        if (iopt_area_start_byte(iter->area, iter->cur_iova) % PAGE_SIZE)
                return false;

        if (!iopt_area_contig_done(iter) &&
            (iopt_area_start_byte(iter->area, iopt_area_last_iova(iter->area)) %
             PAGE_SIZE) != (PAGE_SIZE - 1))
                return false;
        return true;
}

static bool check_area_prot(struct iopt_area *area, unsigned int flags)
{
        if (flags & IOMMUFD_ACCESS_RW_WRITE)
                return area->iommu_prot & IOMMU_WRITE;
        return area->iommu_prot & IOMMU_READ;
}

/**
 * iommufd_access_pin_pages() - Return a list of pages under the iova
 * @access: IOAS access to act on
 * @iova: Starting IOVA
 * @length: Number of bytes to access
 * @out_pages: Output page list
 * @flags: IOPMMUFD_ACCESS_RW_* flags
 *
 * Reads @length bytes starting at iova and returns the struct page * pointers.
 * These can be kmap'd by the caller for CPU access.
 *
 * The caller must perform iommufd_access_unpin_pages() when done to balance
 * this.
 *
 * This API always requires a page aligned iova. This happens naturally if the
 * ioas alignment is >= PAGE_SIZE and the iova is PAGE_SIZE aligned. However
 * smaller alignments have corner cases where this API can fail on otherwise
 * aligned iova.
 */
int iommufd_access_pin_pages(struct iommufd_access *access, unsigned long iova,
                             unsigned long length, struct page **out_pages,
                             unsigned int flags)
{
        bool internal = iommufd_access_is_internal(access);
        struct iopt_area_contig_iter iter;
        struct io_pagetable *iopt;
        unsigned long last_iova;
        struct iopt_area *area;
        int rc;

        /* Driver's ops don't support pin_pages */
        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IOMMUFD_TEST) &&
            WARN_ON(access->iova_alignment != PAGE_SIZE ||
                    (!internal && !access->ops->unmap)))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (!length)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (check_add_overflow(iova, length - 1, &last_iova))
                return -EOVERFLOW;

        mutex_lock(&access->ioas_lock);
        if (!access->ioas) {
                mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
                return -ENOENT;
        }
        iopt = &access->ioas->iopt;

        down_read(&iopt->iova_rwsem);
        iopt_for_each_contig_area(&iter, area, iopt, iova, last_iova) {
                unsigned long last = min(last_iova, iopt_area_last_iova(area));
                unsigned long last_index = iopt_area_iova_to_index(area, last);
                unsigned long index =
                        iopt_area_iova_to_index(area, iter.cur_iova);

                if (area->prevent_access ||
                    !iopt_area_contig_is_aligned(&iter)) {
                        rc = -EINVAL;
                        goto err_remove;
                }

                if (!check_area_prot(area, flags)) {
                        rc = -EPERM;
                        goto err_remove;
                }

                rc = iopt_area_add_access(area, index, last_index, out_pages,
                                          flags, internal);
                if (rc)
                        goto err_remove;
                out_pages += last_index - index + 1;
        }
        if (!iopt_area_contig_done(&iter)) {
                rc = -ENOENT;
                goto err_remove;
        }

        up_read(&iopt->iova_rwsem);
        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
        return 0;

err_remove:
        if (iova < iter.cur_iova) {
                last_iova = iter.cur_iova - 1;
                iopt_for_each_contig_area(&iter, area, iopt, iova, last_iova)
                        iopt_area_remove_access(
                                area,
                                iopt_area_iova_to_index(area, iter.cur_iova),
                                iopt_area_iova_to_index(
                                        area, min(last_iova,
                                                  iopt_area_last_iova(area))),
                                internal);
        }
        up_read(&iopt->iova_rwsem);
        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
        return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_access_pin_pages, "IOMMUFD");

/**
 * iommufd_access_rw - Read or write data under the iova
 * @access: IOAS access to act on
 * @iova: Starting IOVA
 * @data: Kernel buffer to copy to/from
 * @length: Number of bytes to access
 * @flags: IOMMUFD_ACCESS_RW_* flags
 *
 * Copy kernel to/from data into the range given by IOVA/length. If flags
 * indicates IOMMUFD_ACCESS_RW_KTHREAD then a large copy can be optimized
 * by changing it into copy_to/from_user().
 */
int iommufd_access_rw(struct iommufd_access *access, unsigned long iova,
                      void *data, size_t length, unsigned int flags)
{
        struct iopt_area_contig_iter iter;
        struct io_pagetable *iopt;
        struct iopt_area *area;
        unsigned long last_iova;
        int rc = -EINVAL;

        if (!length)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (check_add_overflow(iova, length - 1, &last_iova))
                return -EOVERFLOW;

        mutex_lock(&access->ioas_lock);
        if (!access->ioas) {
                mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
                return -ENOENT;
        }
        iopt = &access->ioas->iopt;

        down_read(&iopt->iova_rwsem);
        iopt_for_each_contig_area(&iter, area, iopt, iova, last_iova) {
                unsigned long last = min(last_iova, iopt_area_last_iova(area));
                unsigned long bytes = (last - iter.cur_iova) + 1;

                if (area->prevent_access) {
                        rc = -EINVAL;
                        goto err_out;
                }

                if (!check_area_prot(area, flags)) {
                        rc = -EPERM;
                        goto err_out;
                }

                rc = iopt_pages_rw_access(
                        area->pages, iopt_area_start_byte(area, iter.cur_iova),
                        data, bytes, flags);
                if (rc)
                        goto err_out;
                data += bytes;
        }
        if (!iopt_area_contig_done(&iter))
                rc = -ENOENT;
err_out:
        up_read(&iopt->iova_rwsem);
        mutex_unlock(&access->ioas_lock);
        return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_access_rw, "IOMMUFD");

int iommufd_get_hw_info(struct iommufd_ucmd *ucmd)
{
        const u32 SUPPORTED_FLAGS = IOMMU_HW_INFO_FLAG_INPUT_TYPE;
        struct iommu_hw_info *cmd = ucmd->cmd;
        void __user *user_ptr = u64_to_user_ptr(cmd->data_uptr);
        const struct iommu_ops *ops;
        struct iommufd_device *idev;
        unsigned int data_len;
        unsigned int copy_len;
        void *data;
        int rc;

        if (cmd->flags & ~SUPPORTED_FLAGS)
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
        if (cmd->__reserved[0] || cmd->__reserved[1] || cmd->__reserved[2])
                return -EOPNOTSUPP;

        /* Clear the type field since drivers don't support a random input */
        if (!(cmd->flags & IOMMU_HW_INFO_FLAG_INPUT_TYPE))
                cmd->in_data_type = IOMMU_HW_INFO_TYPE_DEFAULT;

        idev = iommufd_get_device(ucmd, cmd->dev_id);
        if (IS_ERR(idev))
                return PTR_ERR(idev);

        ops = dev_iommu_ops(idev->dev);
        if (ops->hw_info) {
                data = ops->hw_info(idev->dev, &data_len, &cmd->out_data_type);
                if (IS_ERR(data)) {
                        rc = PTR_ERR(data);
                        goto out_put;
                }

                /*
                 * drivers that have hw_info callback should have a unique
                 * iommu_hw_info_type.
                 */
                if (WARN_ON_ONCE(cmd->out_data_type ==
                                 IOMMU_HW_INFO_TYPE_NONE)) {
                        rc = -EOPNOTSUPP;
                        goto out_free;
                }
        } else {
                cmd->out_data_type = IOMMU_HW_INFO_TYPE_NONE;
                data_len = 0;
                data = NULL;
        }

        copy_len = min(cmd->data_len, data_len);
        if (copy_to_user(user_ptr, data, copy_len)) {
                rc = -EFAULT;
                goto out_free;
        }

        /*
         * Zero the trailing bytes if the user buffer is bigger than the
         * data size kernel actually has.
         */
        if (copy_len < cmd->data_len) {
                if (clear_user(user_ptr + copy_len, cmd->data_len - copy_len)) {
                        rc = -EFAULT;
                        goto out_free;
                }
        }

        /*
         * We return the length the kernel supports so userspace may know what
         * the kernel capability is. It could be larger than the input buffer.
         */
        cmd->data_len = data_len;

        cmd->out_capabilities = 0;
        if (device_iommu_capable(idev->dev, IOMMU_CAP_DIRTY_TRACKING))
                cmd->out_capabilities |= IOMMU_HW_CAP_DIRTY_TRACKING;

        /* Report when ATS cannot be used for this device */
        if (!device_iommu_capable(idev->dev, IOMMU_CAP_PCI_ATS_SUPPORTED))
                cmd->out_capabilities |= IOMMU_HW_CAP_PCI_ATS_NOT_SUPPORTED;

        cmd->out_max_pasid_log2 = 0;
        /*
         * Currently, all iommu drivers enable PASID in the probe_device()
         * op if iommu and device supports it. So the max_pasids stored in
         * dev->iommu indicates both PASID support and enable status. A
         * non-zero dev->iommu->max_pasids means PASID is supported and
         * enabled. The iommufd only reports PASID capability to userspace
         * if it's enabled.
         */
        if (idev->dev->iommu->max_pasids) {
                cmd->out_max_pasid_log2 = ilog2(idev->dev->iommu->max_pasids);

                if (dev_is_pci(idev->dev)) {
                        struct pci_dev *pdev = to_pci_dev(idev->dev);
                        int ctrl;

                        ctrl = pci_pasid_status(pdev);

                        WARN_ON_ONCE(ctrl < 0 ||
                                     !(ctrl & PCI_PASID_CTRL_ENABLE));

                        if (ctrl & PCI_PASID_CTRL_EXEC)
                                cmd->out_capabilities |=
                                                IOMMU_HW_CAP_PCI_PASID_EXEC;
                        if (ctrl & PCI_PASID_CTRL_PRIV)
                                cmd->out_capabilities |=
                                                IOMMU_HW_CAP_PCI_PASID_PRIV;
                }
        }

        rc = iommufd_ucmd_respond(ucmd, sizeof(*cmd));
out_free:
        kfree(data);
out_put:
        iommufd_put_object(ucmd->ictx, &idev->obj);
        return rc;
}