root/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-gpio.c
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Bitbanging I2C bus driver using the GPIO API
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2007 Atmel Corporation
 */
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/i2c-algo-bit.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/platform_data/i2c-gpio.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/property.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

struct i2c_gpio_private_data {
        struct gpio_desc *sda;
        struct gpio_desc *scl;
        struct i2c_adapter adap;
        struct i2c_algo_bit_data bit_data;
        struct i2c_gpio_platform_data pdata;
#ifdef CONFIG_I2C_GPIO_FAULT_INJECTOR
        /* these must be protected by bus lock */
        struct completion scl_irq_completion;
        u64 scl_irq_data;
#endif
};

/*
 * Toggle SDA by changing the output value of the pin. This is only
 * valid for pins configured as open drain (i.e. setting the value
 * high effectively turns off the output driver.)
 */
static void i2c_gpio_setsda_val(void *data, int state)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;

        gpiod_set_value_cansleep(priv->sda, state);
}

/*
 * Toggle SCL by changing the output value of the pin. This is used
 * for pins that are configured as open drain and for output-only
 * pins. The latter case will break the i2c protocol, but it will
 * often work in practice.
 */
static void i2c_gpio_setscl_val(void *data, int state)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;

        gpiod_set_value_cansleep(priv->scl, state);
}

static int i2c_gpio_getsda(void *data)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;

        return gpiod_get_value_cansleep(priv->sda);
}

static int i2c_gpio_getscl(void *data)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;

        return gpiod_get_value_cansleep(priv->scl);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_I2C_GPIO_FAULT_INJECTOR

#define setsda(bd, val) ((bd)->setsda((bd)->data, val))
#define setscl(bd, val) ((bd)->setscl((bd)->data, val))
#define getsda(bd)      ((bd)->getsda((bd)->data))
#define getscl(bd)      ((bd)->getscl((bd)->data))

#define WIRE_ATTRIBUTE(wire) \
static int fops_##wire##_get(void *data, u64 *val)              \
{                                                               \
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;              \
                                                                \
        i2c_lock_bus(&priv->adap, I2C_LOCK_ROOT_ADAPTER);       \
        *val = get##wire(&priv->bit_data);                      \
        i2c_unlock_bus(&priv->adap, I2C_LOCK_ROOT_ADAPTER);     \
        return 0;                                               \
}                                                               \
static int fops_##wire##_set(void *data, u64 val)               \
{                                                               \
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;              \
                                                                \
        i2c_lock_bus(&priv->adap, I2C_LOCK_ROOT_ADAPTER);       \
        set##wire(&priv->bit_data, val);                        \
        i2c_unlock_bus(&priv->adap, I2C_LOCK_ROOT_ADAPTER);     \
        return 0;                                               \
}                                                               \
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(fops_##wire, fops_##wire##_get, fops_##wire##_set, "%llu\n")

WIRE_ATTRIBUTE(scl);
WIRE_ATTRIBUTE(sda);

static void i2c_gpio_incomplete_transfer(struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv,
                                        u32 pattern, u8 pattern_size)
{
        struct i2c_algo_bit_data *bit_data = &priv->bit_data;
        int i;

        i2c_lock_bus(&priv->adap, I2C_LOCK_ROOT_ADAPTER);

        /* START condition */
        setsda(bit_data, 0);
        udelay(bit_data->udelay);

        /* Send pattern, request ACK, don't send STOP */
        for (i = pattern_size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                setscl(bit_data, 0);
                udelay(bit_data->udelay / 2);
                setsda(bit_data, (pattern >> i) & 1);
                udelay((bit_data->udelay + 1) / 2);
                setscl(bit_data, 1);
                udelay(bit_data->udelay);
        }

        i2c_unlock_bus(&priv->adap, I2C_LOCK_ROOT_ADAPTER);
}

static int fops_incomplete_addr_phase_set(void *data, u64 addr)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;
        u32 pattern;

        if (addr > 0x7f)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* ADDR (7 bit) + RD (1 bit) + Client ACK, keep SDA hi (1 bit) */
        pattern = (addr << 2) | 3;

        i2c_gpio_incomplete_transfer(priv, pattern, 9);

        return 0;
}
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(fops_incomplete_addr_phase, NULL, fops_incomplete_addr_phase_set, "%llu\n");

static int fops_incomplete_write_byte_set(void *data, u64 addr)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;
        u32 pattern;

        if (addr > 0x7f)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* ADDR (7 bit) + WR (1 bit) + Client ACK (1 bit) */
        pattern = (addr << 2) | 1;
        /* 0x00 (8 bit) + Client ACK, keep SDA hi (1 bit) */
        pattern = (pattern << 9) | 1;

        i2c_gpio_incomplete_transfer(priv, pattern, 18);

        return 0;
}
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(fops_incomplete_write_byte, NULL, fops_incomplete_write_byte_set, "%llu\n");

static int i2c_gpio_fi_act_on_scl_irq(struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv,
                                       irqreturn_t handler(int, void*))
{
        int ret, irq = gpiod_to_irq(priv->scl);

        if (irq < 0)
                return irq;

        i2c_lock_bus(&priv->adap, I2C_LOCK_ROOT_ADAPTER);

        ret = gpiod_direction_input(priv->scl);
        if (ret)
                goto unlock;

        reinit_completion(&priv->scl_irq_completion);

        ret = request_irq(irq, handler, IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING,
                          "i2c_gpio_fault_injector_scl_irq", priv);
        if (ret)
                goto output;

        wait_for_completion_interruptible(&priv->scl_irq_completion);

        free_irq(irq, priv);
 output:
        ret = gpiod_direction_output(priv->scl, 1) ?: ret;
 unlock:
        i2c_unlock_bus(&priv->adap, I2C_LOCK_ROOT_ADAPTER);

        return ret;
}

static irqreturn_t lose_arbitration_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = dev_id;

        setsda(&priv->bit_data, 0);
        udelay(priv->scl_irq_data);
        setsda(&priv->bit_data, 1);

        complete(&priv->scl_irq_completion);

        return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

static int fops_lose_arbitration_set(void *data, u64 duration)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;

        if (duration > 100 * 1000)
                return -EINVAL;

        priv->scl_irq_data = duration;
        /*
         * Interrupt on falling SCL. This ensures that the controller under test
         * has really started the transfer. Interrupt on falling SDA did only
         * exercise 'bus busy' detection on some HW but not 'arbitration lost'.
         * Note that the interrupt latency may cause the first bits to be
         * transmitted correctly.
         */
        return i2c_gpio_fi_act_on_scl_irq(priv, lose_arbitration_irq);
}
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(fops_lose_arbitration, NULL, fops_lose_arbitration_set, "%llu\n");

static irqreturn_t inject_panic_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = dev_id;

        udelay(priv->scl_irq_data);
        panic("I2C fault injector induced panic");

        return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

static int fops_inject_panic_set(void *data, u64 duration)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = data;

        if (duration > 100 * 1000)
                return -EINVAL;

        priv->scl_irq_data = duration;
        /*
         * Interrupt on falling SCL. This ensures that the controller under test
         * has really started the transfer.
         */
        return i2c_gpio_fi_act_on_scl_irq(priv, inject_panic_irq);
}
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(fops_inject_panic, NULL, fops_inject_panic_set, "%llu\n");

static void i2c_gpio_fault_injector_init(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);

        init_completion(&priv->scl_irq_completion);

        debugfs_create_file_unsafe("incomplete_address_phase", 0200, priv->adap.debugfs,
                                   priv, &fops_incomplete_addr_phase);
        debugfs_create_file_unsafe("incomplete_write_byte", 0200, priv->adap.debugfs,
                                   priv, &fops_incomplete_write_byte);
        if (priv->bit_data.getscl) {
                debugfs_create_file_unsafe("inject_panic", 0200, priv->adap.debugfs,
                                           priv, &fops_inject_panic);
                debugfs_create_file_unsafe("lose_arbitration", 0200, priv->adap.debugfs,
                                           priv, &fops_lose_arbitration);
        }
        debugfs_create_file_unsafe("scl", 0600, priv->adap.debugfs, priv, &fops_scl);
        debugfs_create_file_unsafe("sda", 0600, priv->adap.debugfs, priv, &fops_sda);
}
#else
static inline void i2c_gpio_fault_injector_init(struct platform_device *pdev) {}
#endif /* CONFIG_I2C_GPIO_FAULT_INJECTOR*/

/* Get i2c-gpio properties from DT or ACPI table */
static void i2c_gpio_get_properties(struct device *dev,
                                    struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata)
{
        u32 reg;

        device_property_read_u32(dev, "i2c-gpio,delay-us", &pdata->udelay);

        if (!device_property_read_u32(dev, "i2c-gpio,timeout-ms", &reg))
                pdata->timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(reg);

        pdata->sda_is_open_drain =
                device_property_read_bool(dev, "i2c-gpio,sda-open-drain");
        pdata->scl_is_open_drain =
                device_property_read_bool(dev, "i2c-gpio,scl-open-drain");
        pdata->scl_is_output_only =
                device_property_read_bool(dev, "i2c-gpio,scl-output-only");
        pdata->sda_is_output_only =
                device_property_read_bool(dev, "i2c-gpio,sda-output-only");
        pdata->sda_has_no_pullup =
                device_property_read_bool(dev, "i2c-gpio,sda-has-no-pullup");
        pdata->scl_has_no_pullup =
                device_property_read_bool(dev, "i2c-gpio,scl-has-no-pullup");
}

static struct gpio_desc *i2c_gpio_get_desc(struct device *dev,
                                           const char *con_id,
                                           unsigned int index,
                                           enum gpiod_flags gflags)
{
        struct gpio_desc *retdesc;
        int ret;

        retdesc = devm_gpiod_get(dev, con_id, gflags);
        if (!IS_ERR(retdesc)) {
                dev_dbg(dev, "got GPIO from name %s\n", con_id);
                return retdesc;
        }

        retdesc = devm_gpiod_get_index(dev, NULL, index, gflags);
        if (!IS_ERR(retdesc)) {
                dev_dbg(dev, "got GPIO from index %u\n", index);
                return retdesc;
        }

        ret = PTR_ERR(retdesc);

        /* FIXME: hack in the old code, is this really necessary? */
        if (ret == -EINVAL)
                retdesc = ERR_PTR(-EPROBE_DEFER);

        /* This happens if the GPIO driver is not yet probed, let's defer */
        if (ret == -ENOENT)
                retdesc = ERR_PTR(-EPROBE_DEFER);

        if (PTR_ERR(retdesc) != -EPROBE_DEFER)
                dev_err(dev, "error trying to get descriptor: %d\n", ret);

        return retdesc;
}

static int i2c_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv;
        struct i2c_gpio_platform_data *pdata;
        struct i2c_algo_bit_data *bit_data;
        struct i2c_adapter *adap;
        struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
        struct fwnode_handle *fwnode = dev_fwnode(dev);
        enum gpiod_flags gflags;
        int ret;

        priv = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!priv)
                return -ENOMEM;

        adap = &priv->adap;
        bit_data = &priv->bit_data;
        pdata = &priv->pdata;

        if (fwnode) {
                i2c_gpio_get_properties(dev, pdata);
        } else {
                /*
                 * If all platform data settings are zero it is OK
                 * to not provide any platform data from the board.
                 */
                if (dev_get_platdata(dev))
                        memcpy(pdata, dev_get_platdata(dev), sizeof(*pdata));
        }

        /*
         * First get the GPIO pins; if it fails, we'll defer the probe.
         * If the SCL/SDA lines are marked "open drain" by platform data or
         * device tree then this means that something outside of our control is
         * marking these lines to be handled as open drain, and we should just
         * handle them as we handle any other output. Else we enforce open
         * drain as this is required for an I2C bus.
         */
        if (pdata->sda_is_open_drain || pdata->sda_has_no_pullup)
                gflags = GPIOD_OUT_HIGH;
        else
                gflags = GPIOD_OUT_HIGH_OPEN_DRAIN;
        priv->sda = i2c_gpio_get_desc(dev, "sda", 0, gflags);
        if (IS_ERR(priv->sda))
                return PTR_ERR(priv->sda);

        if (pdata->scl_is_open_drain || pdata->scl_has_no_pullup)
                gflags = GPIOD_OUT_HIGH;
        else
                gflags = GPIOD_OUT_HIGH_OPEN_DRAIN;
        priv->scl = i2c_gpio_get_desc(dev, "scl", 1, gflags);
        if (IS_ERR(priv->scl))
                return PTR_ERR(priv->scl);

        if (gpiod_cansleep(priv->sda) || gpiod_cansleep(priv->scl))
                dev_warn(dev, "Slow GPIO pins might wreak havoc into I2C/SMBus bus timing");
        else
                bit_data->can_do_atomic = true;

        bit_data->setsda = i2c_gpio_setsda_val;
        bit_data->setscl = i2c_gpio_setscl_val;

        if (!pdata->scl_is_output_only)
                bit_data->getscl = i2c_gpio_getscl;
        if (!pdata->sda_is_output_only)
                bit_data->getsda = i2c_gpio_getsda;

        if (pdata->udelay)
                bit_data->udelay = pdata->udelay;
        else if (pdata->scl_is_output_only)
                bit_data->udelay = 50;                  /* 10 kHz */
        else
                bit_data->udelay = 5;                   /* 100 kHz */

        if (pdata->timeout)
                bit_data->timeout = pdata->timeout;
        else
                bit_data->timeout = HZ / 10;            /* 100 ms */

        bit_data->data = priv;

        adap->owner = THIS_MODULE;
        if (fwnode)
                strscpy(adap->name, dev_name(dev), sizeof(adap->name));
        else
                snprintf(adap->name, sizeof(adap->name), "i2c-gpio%d", pdev->id);

        adap->algo_data = bit_data;
        adap->class = I2C_CLASS_HWMON;
        adap->dev.parent = dev;
        device_set_node(&adap->dev, fwnode);

        adap->nr = pdev->id;
        ret = i2c_bit_add_numbered_bus(adap);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        platform_set_drvdata(pdev, priv);

        /*
         * FIXME: using global GPIO numbers is not helpful. If/when we
         * get accessors to get the actual name of the GPIO line,
         * from the descriptor, then provide that instead.
         */
        dev_info(dev, "using lines %u (SDA) and %u (SCL%s)\n",
                 desc_to_gpio(priv->sda), desc_to_gpio(priv->scl),
                 pdata->scl_is_output_only
                 ? ", no clock stretching" : "");

        i2c_gpio_fault_injector_init(pdev);

        return 0;
}

static void i2c_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
        struct i2c_gpio_private_data *priv;
        struct i2c_adapter *adap;

        priv = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
        adap = &priv->adap;

        i2c_del_adapter(adap);
}

static const struct of_device_id i2c_gpio_dt_ids[] = {
        { .compatible = "i2c-gpio", },
        { /* sentinel */ }
};

MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, i2c_gpio_dt_ids);

static const struct acpi_device_id i2c_gpio_acpi_match[] = {
        { "LOON0005" }, /* LoongArch */
        { }
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, i2c_gpio_acpi_match);

static struct platform_driver i2c_gpio_driver = {
        .driver         = {
                .name   = "i2c-gpio",
                .of_match_table = i2c_gpio_dt_ids,
                .acpi_match_table = i2c_gpio_acpi_match,
        },
        .probe          = i2c_gpio_probe,
        .remove         = i2c_gpio_remove,
};

static int __init i2c_gpio_init(void)
{
        int ret;

        ret = platform_driver_register(&i2c_gpio_driver);
        if (ret)
                printk(KERN_ERR "i2c-gpio: probe failed: %d\n", ret);

        return ret;
}
subsys_initcall(i2c_gpio_init);

static void __exit i2c_gpio_exit(void)
{
        platform_driver_unregister(&i2c_gpio_driver);
}
module_exit(i2c_gpio_exit);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Haavard Skinnemoen (Atmel)");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Platform-independent bitbanging I2C driver");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
MODULE_ALIAS("platform:i2c-gpio");