root/drivers/hv/mshv_vtl_main.c
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2023, Microsoft Corporation.
 *
 * Author:
 *   Roman Kisel <romank@linux.microsoft.com>
 *   Saurabh Sengar <ssengar@linux.microsoft.com>
 *   Naman Jain <namjain@linux.microsoft.com>
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
#include <linux/cpuhotplug.h>
#include <linux/count_zeros.h>
#include <linux/entry-virt.h>
#include <linux/eventfd.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <asm/debugreg.h>
#include <asm/mshyperv.h>
#include <trace/events/ipi.h>
#include <uapi/asm/mtrr.h>
#include <uapi/linux/mshv.h>
#include <hyperv/hvhdk.h>

#include "../../kernel/fpu/legacy.h"
#include "mshv.h"
#include "mshv_vtl.h"
#include "hyperv_vmbus.h"

MODULE_AUTHOR("Microsoft");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Microsoft Hyper-V VTL Driver");

#define MSHV_ENTRY_REASON_LOWER_VTL_CALL     0x1
#define MSHV_ENTRY_REASON_INTERRUPT          0x2
#define MSHV_ENTRY_REASON_INTERCEPT          0x3

#define MSHV_REAL_OFF_SHIFT     16
#define MSHV_PG_OFF_CPU_MASK    (BIT_ULL(MSHV_REAL_OFF_SHIFT) - 1)
#define MSHV_RUN_PAGE_OFFSET    0
#define MSHV_REG_PAGE_OFFSET    1
#define VTL2_VMBUS_SINT_INDEX   7

static struct device *mem_dev;

static struct tasklet_struct msg_dpc;
static wait_queue_head_t fd_wait_queue;
static bool has_message;
static struct eventfd_ctx *flag_eventfds[HV_EVENT_FLAGS_COUNT];
static DEFINE_MUTEX(flag_lock);
static bool __read_mostly mshv_has_reg_page;

/* hvcall code is of type u16, allocate a bitmap of size (1 << 16) to accommodate it */
#define MAX_BITMAP_SIZE ((U16_MAX + 1) / 8)

struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_fd {
        u8 allow_bitmap[MAX_BITMAP_SIZE];
        bool allow_map_initialized;
        /*
         * Used to protect hvcall setup in IOCTLs
         */
        struct mutex init_mutex;
        struct miscdevice *dev;
};

struct mshv_vtl_poll_file {
        struct file *file;
        wait_queue_entry_t wait;
        wait_queue_head_t *wqh;
        poll_table pt;
        int cpu;
};

struct mshv_vtl {
        struct device *module_dev;
        u64 id;
};

struct mshv_vtl_per_cpu {
        struct mshv_vtl_run *run;
        struct page *reg_page;
};

/* SYNIC_OVERLAY_PAGE_MSR - internal, identical to hv_synic_simp */
union hv_synic_overlay_page_msr {
        u64 as_uint64;
        struct {
                u64 enabled: 1;
                u64 reserved: 11;
                u64 pfn: 52;
        } __packed;
};

static struct mutex mshv_vtl_poll_file_lock;
static union hv_register_vsm_page_offsets mshv_vsm_page_offsets;
static union hv_register_vsm_capabilities mshv_vsm_capabilities;

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mshv_vtl_poll_file, mshv_vtl_poll_file);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long long, num_vtl0_transitions);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mshv_vtl_per_cpu, mshv_vtl_per_cpu);

static const union hv_input_vtl input_vtl_zero;
static const union hv_input_vtl input_vtl_normal = {
        .use_target_vtl = 1,
};

static const struct file_operations mshv_vtl_fops;

static long
mshv_ioctl_create_vtl(void __user *user_arg, struct device *module_dev)
{
        struct mshv_vtl *vtl;
        struct file *file;
        int fd;

        vtl = kzalloc_obj(*vtl);
        if (!vtl)
                return -ENOMEM;

        fd = get_unused_fd_flags(O_CLOEXEC);
        if (fd < 0) {
                kfree(vtl);
                return fd;
        }
        file = anon_inode_getfile("mshv_vtl", &mshv_vtl_fops,
                                  vtl, O_RDWR);
        if (IS_ERR(file)) {
                kfree(vtl);
                return PTR_ERR(file);
        }
        vtl->module_dev = module_dev;
        fd_install(fd, file);

        return fd;
}

static long
mshv_ioctl_check_extension(void __user *user_arg)
{
        u32 arg;

        if (copy_from_user(&arg, user_arg, sizeof(arg)))
                return -EFAULT;

        switch (arg) {
        case MSHV_CAP_CORE_API_STABLE:
                return 0;
        case MSHV_CAP_REGISTER_PAGE:
                return mshv_has_reg_page;
        case MSHV_CAP_VTL_RETURN_ACTION:
                return mshv_vsm_capabilities.return_action_available;
        case MSHV_CAP_DR6_SHARED:
                return mshv_vsm_capabilities.dr6_shared;
        }

        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
}

static long
mshv_dev_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int ioctl, unsigned long arg)
{
        struct miscdevice *misc = filp->private_data;

        switch (ioctl) {
        case MSHV_CHECK_EXTENSION:
                return mshv_ioctl_check_extension((void __user *)arg);
        case MSHV_CREATE_VTL:
                return mshv_ioctl_create_vtl((void __user *)arg, misc->this_device);
        }

        return -ENOTTY;
}

static const struct file_operations mshv_dev_fops = {
        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
        .unlocked_ioctl = mshv_dev_ioctl,
        .llseek         = noop_llseek,
};

static struct miscdevice mshv_dev = {
        .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
        .name = "mshv",
        .fops = &mshv_dev_fops,
        .mode = 0600,
};

static struct mshv_vtl_run *mshv_vtl_this_run(void)
{
        return *this_cpu_ptr(&mshv_vtl_per_cpu.run);
}

static struct mshv_vtl_run *mshv_vtl_cpu_run(int cpu)
{
        return *per_cpu_ptr(&mshv_vtl_per_cpu.run, cpu);
}

static struct page *mshv_vtl_cpu_reg_page(int cpu)
{
        return *per_cpu_ptr(&mshv_vtl_per_cpu.reg_page, cpu);
}

static void mshv_vtl_configure_reg_page(struct mshv_vtl_per_cpu *per_cpu)
{
        struct hv_register_assoc reg_assoc = {};
        union hv_synic_overlay_page_msr overlay = {};
        struct page *reg_page;

        reg_page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL);
        if (!reg_page) {
                WARN(1, "failed to allocate register page\n");
                return;
        }

        overlay.enabled = 1;
        overlay.pfn = page_to_hvpfn(reg_page);
        reg_assoc.name = HV_X64_REGISTER_REG_PAGE;
        reg_assoc.value.reg64 = overlay.as_uint64;

        if (hv_call_set_vp_registers(HV_VP_INDEX_SELF, HV_PARTITION_ID_SELF,
                                     1, input_vtl_zero, &reg_assoc)) {
                WARN(1, "failed to setup register page\n");
                __free_page(reg_page);
                return;
        }

        per_cpu->reg_page = reg_page;
        mshv_has_reg_page = true;
}

static void mshv_vtl_synic_enable_regs(unsigned int cpu)
{
        union hv_synic_sint sint;

        sint.as_uint64 = 0;
        sint.vector = HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR;
        sint.masked = false;
        sint.auto_eoi = hv_recommend_using_aeoi();

        /* Enable intercepts */
        if (!mshv_vsm_capabilities.intercept_page_available)
                hv_set_msr(HV_MSR_SINT0 + HV_SYNIC_INTERCEPTION_SINT_INDEX,
                           sint.as_uint64);

        /* VTL2 Host VSP SINT is (un)masked when the user mode requests that */
}

static int mshv_vtl_get_vsm_regs(void)
{
        struct hv_register_assoc registers[2];
        int ret, count = 2;

        registers[0].name = HV_REGISTER_VSM_CODE_PAGE_OFFSETS;
        registers[1].name = HV_REGISTER_VSM_CAPABILITIES;

        ret = hv_call_get_vp_registers(HV_VP_INDEX_SELF, HV_PARTITION_ID_SELF,
                                       count, input_vtl_zero, registers);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        mshv_vsm_page_offsets.as_uint64 = registers[0].value.reg64;
        mshv_vsm_capabilities.as_uint64 = registers[1].value.reg64;

        return ret;
}

static int mshv_vtl_configure_vsm_partition(struct device *dev)
{
        union hv_register_vsm_partition_config config;
        struct hv_register_assoc reg_assoc;

        config.as_uint64 = 0;
        config.default_vtl_protection_mask = HV_MAP_GPA_PERMISSIONS_MASK;
        config.enable_vtl_protection = 1;
        config.zero_memory_on_reset = 1;
        config.intercept_vp_startup = 1;
        config.intercept_cpuid_unimplemented = 1;

        if (mshv_vsm_capabilities.intercept_page_available) {
                dev_dbg(dev, "using intercept page\n");
                config.intercept_page = 1;
        }

        reg_assoc.name = HV_REGISTER_VSM_PARTITION_CONFIG;
        reg_assoc.value.reg64 = config.as_uint64;

        return hv_call_set_vp_registers(HV_VP_INDEX_SELF, HV_PARTITION_ID_SELF,
                                       1, input_vtl_zero, &reg_assoc);
}

static void mshv_vtl_vmbus_isr(void)
{
        struct hv_per_cpu_context *per_cpu;
        struct hv_message *msg;
        u32 message_type;
        union hv_synic_event_flags *event_flags;
        struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd;
        u16 i;

        per_cpu = this_cpu_ptr(hv_context.cpu_context);
        if (smp_processor_id() == 0) {
                msg = (struct hv_message *)per_cpu->hyp_synic_message_page + VTL2_VMBUS_SINT_INDEX;
                message_type = READ_ONCE(msg->header.message_type);
                if (message_type != HVMSG_NONE)
                        tasklet_schedule(&msg_dpc);
        }

        event_flags = (union hv_synic_event_flags *)per_cpu->hyp_synic_event_page +
                        VTL2_VMBUS_SINT_INDEX;
        for_each_set_bit(i, event_flags->flags, HV_EVENT_FLAGS_COUNT) {
                if (!sync_test_and_clear_bit(i, event_flags->flags))
                        continue;
                rcu_read_lock();
                eventfd = READ_ONCE(flag_eventfds[i]);
                if (eventfd)
                        eventfd_signal(eventfd);
                rcu_read_unlock();
        }

        vmbus_isr();
}

static int mshv_vtl_alloc_context(unsigned int cpu)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_per_cpu *per_cpu = this_cpu_ptr(&mshv_vtl_per_cpu);

        per_cpu->run = (struct mshv_vtl_run *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
        if (!per_cpu->run)
                return -ENOMEM;

        if (mshv_vsm_capabilities.intercept_page_available)
                mshv_vtl_configure_reg_page(per_cpu);

        mshv_vtl_synic_enable_regs(cpu);

        return 0;
}

static int mshv_vtl_cpuhp_online;

static int hv_vtl_setup_synic(void)
{
        int ret;

        /* Use our isr to first filter out packets destined for userspace */
        hv_setup_vmbus_handler(mshv_vtl_vmbus_isr);

        ret = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "hyperv/vtl:online",
                                mshv_vtl_alloc_context, NULL);
        if (ret < 0) {
                hv_setup_vmbus_handler(vmbus_isr);
                return ret;
        }

        mshv_vtl_cpuhp_online = ret;

        return 0;
}

static void hv_vtl_remove_synic(void)
{
        cpuhp_remove_state(mshv_vtl_cpuhp_online);
        hv_setup_vmbus_handler(vmbus_isr);
}

static int vtl_get_vp_register(struct hv_register_assoc *reg)
{
        return hv_call_get_vp_registers(HV_VP_INDEX_SELF, HV_PARTITION_ID_SELF,
                                        1, input_vtl_normal, reg);
}

static int vtl_set_vp_register(struct hv_register_assoc *reg)
{
        return hv_call_set_vp_registers(HV_VP_INDEX_SELF, HV_PARTITION_ID_SELF,
                                        1, input_vtl_normal, reg);
}

static int mshv_vtl_ioctl_add_vtl0_mem(struct mshv_vtl *vtl, void __user *arg)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_ram_disposition vtl0_mem;
        struct dev_pagemap *pgmap;
        void *addr;

        if (copy_from_user(&vtl0_mem, arg, sizeof(vtl0_mem)))
                return -EFAULT;
        if (vtl0_mem.last_pfn <= vtl0_mem.start_pfn) {
                dev_err(vtl->module_dev, "range start pfn (%llx) > end pfn (%llx)\n",
                        vtl0_mem.start_pfn, vtl0_mem.last_pfn);
                return -EFAULT;
        }

        pgmap = kzalloc_obj(*pgmap);
        if (!pgmap)
                return -ENOMEM;

        /*
         * vtl0_mem.last_pfn is excluded in the pagemap range for VTL0 as per design.
         * last_pfn is not reserved or wasted, and reflects 'start_pfn + size' of pagemap range.
         */
        pgmap->ranges[0].start = PFN_PHYS(vtl0_mem.start_pfn);
        pgmap->ranges[0].end = PFN_PHYS(vtl0_mem.last_pfn) - 1;
        pgmap->nr_range = 1;
        pgmap->type = MEMORY_DEVICE_GENERIC;

        /*
         * Determine the highest page order that can be used for the given memory range.
         * This works best when the range is aligned; i.e. both the start and the length.
         * Clamp to MAX_FOLIO_ORDER to avoid a WARN in memremap_pages() when the range
         * alignment exceeds the maximum supported folio order for this kernel config.
         */
        pgmap->vmemmap_shift = min(count_trailing_zeros(vtl0_mem.start_pfn | vtl0_mem.last_pfn),
                                   MAX_FOLIO_ORDER);
        dev_dbg(vtl->module_dev,
                "Add VTL0 memory: start: 0x%llx, end_pfn: 0x%llx, page order: %lu\n",
                vtl0_mem.start_pfn, vtl0_mem.last_pfn, pgmap->vmemmap_shift);

        addr = devm_memremap_pages(mem_dev, pgmap);
        if (IS_ERR(addr)) {
                dev_err(vtl->module_dev, "devm_memremap_pages error: %ld\n", PTR_ERR(addr));
                kfree(pgmap);
                return PTR_ERR(addr);
        }

        /* Don't free pgmap, since it has to stick around until the memory
         * is unmapped, which will never happen as there is no scenario
         * where VTL0 can be released/shutdown without bringing down VTL2.
         */
        return 0;
}

static void mshv_vtl_cancel(int cpu)
{
        int here = get_cpu();

        if (here != cpu) {
                if (!xchg_relaxed(&mshv_vtl_cpu_run(cpu)->cancel, 1))
                        smp_send_reschedule(cpu);
        } else {
                WRITE_ONCE(mshv_vtl_this_run()->cancel, 1);
        }
        put_cpu();
}

static int mshv_vtl_poll_file_wake(wait_queue_entry_t *wait, unsigned int mode, int sync, void *key)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_poll_file *poll_file = container_of(wait, struct mshv_vtl_poll_file, wait);

        mshv_vtl_cancel(poll_file->cpu);

        return 0;
}

static void mshv_vtl_ptable_queue_proc(struct file *file, wait_queue_head_t *wqh, poll_table *pt)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_poll_file *poll_file = container_of(pt, struct mshv_vtl_poll_file, pt);

        WARN_ON(poll_file->wqh);
        poll_file->wqh = wqh;
        add_wait_queue(wqh, &poll_file->wait);
}

static int mshv_vtl_ioctl_set_poll_file(struct mshv_vtl_set_poll_file __user *user_input)
{
        struct file *file, *old_file;
        struct mshv_vtl_poll_file *poll_file;
        struct mshv_vtl_set_poll_file input;

        if (copy_from_user(&input, user_input, sizeof(input)))
                return -EFAULT;

        if (input.cpu >= num_possible_cpus() || !cpu_online(input.cpu))
                return -EINVAL;
        /*
         * CPU Hotplug is not supported in VTL2 in OpenHCL, where this kernel driver exists.
         * CPU is expected to remain online after above cpu_online() check.
         */

        file = NULL;
        file = fget(input.fd);
        if (!file)
                return -EBADFD;

        poll_file = per_cpu_ptr(&mshv_vtl_poll_file, READ_ONCE(input.cpu));
        if (!poll_file)
                return -EINVAL;

        mutex_lock(&mshv_vtl_poll_file_lock);

        if (poll_file->wqh)
                remove_wait_queue(poll_file->wqh, &poll_file->wait);
        poll_file->wqh = NULL;

        old_file = poll_file->file;
        poll_file->file = file;
        poll_file->cpu = input.cpu;

        if (file) {
                init_waitqueue_func_entry(&poll_file->wait, mshv_vtl_poll_file_wake);
                init_poll_funcptr(&poll_file->pt, mshv_vtl_ptable_queue_proc);
                vfs_poll(file, &poll_file->pt);
        }

        mutex_unlock(&mshv_vtl_poll_file_lock);

        if (old_file)
                fput(old_file);

        return 0;
}

/* Static table mapping register names to their corresponding actions */
static const struct {
        enum hv_register_name reg_name;
        int debug_reg_num;  /* -1 if not a debug register */
        u32 msr_addr;       /* 0 if not an MSR */
} reg_table[] = {
        /* Debug registers */
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_DR0, 0, 0},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_DR1, 1, 0},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_DR2, 2, 0},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_DR3, 3, 0},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_DR6, 6, 0},
        /* MTRR MSRs */
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_CAP, -1, MSR_MTRRcap},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_DEF_TYPE, -1, MSR_MTRRdefType},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE0, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(0)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE1, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(1)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE2, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(2)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE3, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(3)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE4, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(4)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE5, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(5)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE6, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(6)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE7, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(7)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE8, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(8)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASE9, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(9)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASEA, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(0xa)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASEB, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(0xb)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASEC, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(0xc)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASED, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(0xd)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASEE, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(0xe)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_BASEF, -1, MTRRphysBase_MSR(0xf)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK0, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(0)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK1, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(1)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK2, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(2)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK3, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(3)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK4, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(4)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK5, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(5)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK6, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(6)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK7, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(7)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK8, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(8)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASK9, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(9)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASKA, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(0xa)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASKB, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(0xb)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASKC, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(0xc)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASKD, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(0xd)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASKE, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(0xe)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_PHYS_MASKF, -1, MTRRphysMask_MSR(0xf)},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX64K00000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix64K_00000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX16K80000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix16K_80000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX16KA0000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix16K_A0000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX4KC0000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix4K_C0000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX4KC8000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix4K_C8000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX4KD0000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix4K_D0000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX4KD8000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix4K_D8000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX4KE0000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix4K_E0000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX4KE8000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix4K_E8000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX4KF0000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix4K_F0000},
        {HV_X64_REGISTER_MSR_MTRR_FIX4KF8000, -1, MSR_MTRRfix4K_F8000},
};

static int mshv_vtl_get_set_reg(struct hv_register_assoc *regs, bool set)
{
        u64 *reg64;
        enum hv_register_name gpr_name;
        int i;

        gpr_name = regs->name;
        reg64 = &regs->value.reg64;

        /* Search for the register in the table */
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(reg_table); i++) {
                if (reg_table[i].reg_name != gpr_name)
                        continue;
                if (reg_table[i].debug_reg_num != -1) {
                        /* Handle debug registers */
                        if (gpr_name == HV_X64_REGISTER_DR6 &&
                            !mshv_vsm_capabilities.dr6_shared)
                                goto hypercall;
                        if (set)
                                native_set_debugreg(reg_table[i].debug_reg_num, *reg64);
                        else
                                *reg64 = native_get_debugreg(reg_table[i].debug_reg_num);
                } else {
                        /* Handle MSRs */
                        if (set)
                                wrmsrq(reg_table[i].msr_addr, *reg64);
                        else
                                rdmsrq(reg_table[i].msr_addr, *reg64);
                }
                return 0;
        }

hypercall:
        return 1;
}

static void mshv_vtl_return(struct mshv_vtl_cpu_context *vtl0)
{
        struct hv_vp_assist_page *hvp;

        hvp = hv_vp_assist_page[smp_processor_id()];

        /*
         * Process signal event direct set in the run page, if any.
         */
        if (mshv_vsm_capabilities.return_action_available) {
                u32 offset = READ_ONCE(mshv_vtl_this_run()->vtl_ret_action_size);

                WRITE_ONCE(mshv_vtl_this_run()->vtl_ret_action_size, 0);

                /*
                 * Hypervisor will take care of clearing out the actions
                 * set in the assist page.
                 */
                memcpy(hvp->vtl_ret_actions,
                       mshv_vtl_this_run()->vtl_ret_actions,
                       min_t(u32, offset, sizeof(hvp->vtl_ret_actions)));
        }

        mshv_vtl_return_call(vtl0);
}

static bool mshv_vtl_process_intercept(void)
{
        struct hv_per_cpu_context *mshv_cpu;
        void *synic_message_page;
        struct hv_message *msg;
        u32 message_type;

        mshv_cpu = this_cpu_ptr(hv_context.cpu_context);
        synic_message_page = mshv_cpu->hyp_synic_message_page;
        if (unlikely(!synic_message_page))
                return true;

        msg = (struct hv_message *)synic_message_page + HV_SYNIC_INTERCEPTION_SINT_INDEX;
        message_type = READ_ONCE(msg->header.message_type);
        if (message_type == HVMSG_NONE)
                return true;

        memcpy(mshv_vtl_this_run()->exit_message, msg, sizeof(*msg));
        vmbus_signal_eom(msg, message_type);

        return false;
}

static int mshv_vtl_ioctl_return_to_lower_vtl(void)
{
        preempt_disable();
        for (;;) {
                unsigned long irq_flags;
                struct hv_vp_assist_page *hvp;
                int ret;

                if (__xfer_to_guest_mode_work_pending()) {
                        preempt_enable();
                        ret = xfer_to_guest_mode_handle_work();
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                        preempt_disable();
                }

                local_irq_save(irq_flags);
                if (READ_ONCE(mshv_vtl_this_run()->cancel)) {
                        local_irq_restore(irq_flags);
                        preempt_enable();
                        return -EINTR;
                }

                mshv_vtl_return(&mshv_vtl_this_run()->cpu_context);
                local_irq_restore(irq_flags);

                hvp = hv_vp_assist_page[smp_processor_id()];
                this_cpu_inc(num_vtl0_transitions);
                switch (hvp->vtl_entry_reason) {
                case MSHV_ENTRY_REASON_INTERRUPT:
                        if (!mshv_vsm_capabilities.intercept_page_available &&
                            likely(!mshv_vtl_process_intercept()))
                                goto done;
                        break;

                case MSHV_ENTRY_REASON_INTERCEPT:
                        WARN_ON(!mshv_vsm_capabilities.intercept_page_available);
                        memcpy(mshv_vtl_this_run()->exit_message, hvp->intercept_message,
                               sizeof(hvp->intercept_message));
                        goto done;

                default:
                        panic("unknown entry reason: %d", hvp->vtl_entry_reason);
                }
        }

done:
        preempt_enable();

        return 0;
}

static long
mshv_vtl_ioctl_get_regs(void __user *user_args)
{
        struct mshv_vp_registers args;
        struct hv_register_assoc reg;
        long ret;

        if (copy_from_user(&args, user_args, sizeof(args)))
                return -EFAULT;

        /*  This IOCTL supports processing only one register at a time. */
        if (args.count != 1)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (copy_from_user(&reg, (void __user *)args.regs_ptr,
                           sizeof(reg)))
                return -EFAULT;

        ret = mshv_vtl_get_set_reg(&reg, false);
        if (!ret)
                goto copy_args; /* No need of hypercall */
        ret = vtl_get_vp_register(&reg);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

copy_args:
        if (copy_to_user((void __user *)args.regs_ptr, &reg, sizeof(reg)))
                ret = -EFAULT;

        return ret;
}

static long
mshv_vtl_ioctl_set_regs(void __user *user_args)
{
        struct mshv_vp_registers args;
        struct hv_register_assoc reg;
        long ret;

        if (copy_from_user(&args, user_args, sizeof(args)))
                return -EFAULT;

        /*  This IOCTL supports processing only one register at a time. */
        if (args.count != 1)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (copy_from_user(&reg, (void __user *)args.regs_ptr, sizeof(reg)))
                return -EFAULT;

        ret = mshv_vtl_get_set_reg(&reg, true);
        if (!ret)
                return ret; /* No need of hypercall */
        ret = vtl_set_vp_register(&reg);

        return ret;
}

static long
mshv_vtl_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int ioctl, unsigned long arg)
{
        long ret;
        struct mshv_vtl *vtl = filp->private_data;

        switch (ioctl) {
        case MSHV_SET_POLL_FILE:
                ret = mshv_vtl_ioctl_set_poll_file((struct mshv_vtl_set_poll_file __user *)arg);
                break;
        case MSHV_GET_VP_REGISTERS:
                ret = mshv_vtl_ioctl_get_regs((void __user *)arg);
                break;
        case MSHV_SET_VP_REGISTERS:
                ret = mshv_vtl_ioctl_set_regs((void __user *)arg);
                break;
        case MSHV_RETURN_TO_LOWER_VTL:
                ret = mshv_vtl_ioctl_return_to_lower_vtl();
                break;
        case MSHV_ADD_VTL0_MEMORY:
                ret = mshv_vtl_ioctl_add_vtl0_mem(vtl, (void __user *)arg);
                break;
        default:
                dev_err(vtl->module_dev, "invalid vtl ioctl: %#x\n", ioctl);
                ret = -ENOTTY;
        }

        return ret;
}

static vm_fault_t mshv_vtl_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        struct page *page;
        int cpu = vmf->pgoff & MSHV_PG_OFF_CPU_MASK;
        int real_off = vmf->pgoff >> MSHV_REAL_OFF_SHIFT;

        if (!cpu_online(cpu))
                return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
        /*
         * CPU Hotplug is not supported in VTL2 in OpenHCL, where this kernel driver exists.
         * CPU is expected to remain online after above cpu_online() check.
         */

        if (real_off == MSHV_RUN_PAGE_OFFSET) {
                page = virt_to_page(mshv_vtl_cpu_run(cpu));
        } else if (real_off == MSHV_REG_PAGE_OFFSET) {
                if (!mshv_has_reg_page)
                        return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
                page = mshv_vtl_cpu_reg_page(cpu);
        } else {
                return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
        }

        get_page(page);
        vmf->page = page;

        return 0;
}

static const struct vm_operations_struct mshv_vtl_vm_ops = {
        .fault = mshv_vtl_fault,
};

static int mshv_vtl_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        vma->vm_ops = &mshv_vtl_vm_ops;

        return 0;
}

static int mshv_vtl_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
        struct mshv_vtl *vtl = filp->private_data;

        kfree(vtl);

        return 0;
}

static const struct file_operations mshv_vtl_fops = {
        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
        .unlocked_ioctl = mshv_vtl_ioctl,
        .release = mshv_vtl_release,
        .mmap = mshv_vtl_mmap,
};

static void mshv_vtl_synic_mask_vmbus_sint(void *info)
{
        union hv_synic_sint sint;
        const u8 *mask = info;

        sint.as_uint64 = 0;
        sint.vector = HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR;
        sint.masked = (*mask != 0);
        sint.auto_eoi = hv_recommend_using_aeoi();

        hv_set_msr(HV_MSR_SINT0 + VTL2_VMBUS_SINT_INDEX,
                   sint.as_uint64);

        if (!sint.masked)
                pr_debug("%s: Unmasking VTL2 VMBUS SINT on VP %d\n", __func__, smp_processor_id());
        else
                pr_debug("%s: Masking VTL2 VMBUS SINT on VP %d\n", __func__, smp_processor_id());
}

static void mshv_vtl_read_remote(void *buffer)
{
        struct hv_per_cpu_context *mshv_cpu = this_cpu_ptr(hv_context.cpu_context);
        struct hv_message *msg = (struct hv_message *)mshv_cpu->hyp_synic_message_page +
                                        VTL2_VMBUS_SINT_INDEX;
        u32 message_type = READ_ONCE(msg->header.message_type);

        WRITE_ONCE(has_message, false);
        if (message_type == HVMSG_NONE)
                return;

        memcpy(buffer, msg, sizeof(*msg));
        vmbus_signal_eom(msg, message_type);
}

static bool vtl_synic_mask_vmbus_sint_masked = true;

static ssize_t mshv_vtl_sint_read(struct file *filp, char __user *arg, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
        struct hv_message msg = {};
        int ret;

        if (size < sizeof(msg))
                return -EINVAL;

        for (;;) {
                smp_call_function_single(VMBUS_CONNECT_CPU, mshv_vtl_read_remote, &msg, true);
                if (msg.header.message_type != HVMSG_NONE)
                        break;

                if (READ_ONCE(vtl_synic_mask_vmbus_sint_masked))
                        return 0; /* EOF */

                if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
                        return -EAGAIN;

                ret = wait_event_interruptible(fd_wait_queue,
                                               READ_ONCE(has_message) ||
                                                READ_ONCE(vtl_synic_mask_vmbus_sint_masked));
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        if (copy_to_user(arg, &msg, sizeof(msg)))
                return -EFAULT;

        return sizeof(msg);
}

static __poll_t mshv_vtl_sint_poll(struct file *filp, poll_table *wait)
{
        __poll_t mask = 0;

        poll_wait(filp, &fd_wait_queue, wait);
        if (READ_ONCE(has_message) || READ_ONCE(vtl_synic_mask_vmbus_sint_masked))
                mask |= EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;

        return mask;
}

static void mshv_vtl_sint_on_msg_dpc(unsigned long data)
{
        WRITE_ONCE(has_message, true);
        wake_up_interruptible_poll(&fd_wait_queue, EPOLLIN);
}

static int mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl_post_msg(struct mshv_vtl_sint_post_msg __user *arg)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_sint_post_msg message;
        u8 payload[HV_MESSAGE_PAYLOAD_BYTE_COUNT];

        if (copy_from_user(&message, arg, sizeof(message)))
                return -EFAULT;
        if (message.payload_size > HV_MESSAGE_PAYLOAD_BYTE_COUNT)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (copy_from_user(payload, (void __user *)message.payload_ptr,
                           message.payload_size))
                return -EFAULT;

        return hv_post_message((union hv_connection_id)message.connection_id,
                               message.message_type, (void *)payload,
                               message.payload_size);
}

static int mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl_signal_event(struct mshv_vtl_signal_event __user *arg)
{
        u64 input, status;
        struct mshv_vtl_signal_event signal_event;

        if (copy_from_user(&signal_event, arg, sizeof(signal_event)))
                return -EFAULT;

        input = signal_event.connection_id | ((u64)signal_event.flag << 32);

        status = hv_do_fast_hypercall8(HVCALL_SIGNAL_EVENT, input);

        return hv_result_to_errno(status);
}

static int mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl_set_eventfd(struct mshv_vtl_set_eventfd __user *arg)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_set_eventfd set_eventfd;
        struct eventfd_ctx *eventfd, *old_eventfd;

        if (copy_from_user(&set_eventfd, arg, sizeof(set_eventfd)))
                return -EFAULT;
        if (set_eventfd.flag >= HV_EVENT_FLAGS_COUNT)
                return -EINVAL;

        eventfd = NULL;
        if (set_eventfd.fd >= 0) {
                eventfd = eventfd_ctx_fdget(set_eventfd.fd);
                if (IS_ERR(eventfd))
                        return PTR_ERR(eventfd);
        }

        guard(mutex)(&flag_lock);
        old_eventfd = READ_ONCE(flag_eventfds[set_eventfd.flag]);
        WRITE_ONCE(flag_eventfds[set_eventfd.flag], eventfd);

        if (old_eventfd) {
                synchronize_rcu();
                eventfd_ctx_put(old_eventfd);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl_pause_msg_stream(struct mshv_sint_mask __user *arg)
{
        static DEFINE_MUTEX(vtl2_vmbus_sint_mask_mutex);
        struct mshv_sint_mask mask;

        if (copy_from_user(&mask, arg, sizeof(mask)))
                return -EFAULT;
        guard(mutex)(&vtl2_vmbus_sint_mask_mutex);
        on_each_cpu(mshv_vtl_synic_mask_vmbus_sint, &mask.mask, 1);
        WRITE_ONCE(vtl_synic_mask_vmbus_sint_masked, mask.mask != 0);
        if (mask.mask)
                wake_up_interruptible_poll(&fd_wait_queue, EPOLLIN);

        return 0;
}

static long mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl(struct file *f, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
        switch (cmd) {
        case MSHV_SINT_POST_MESSAGE:
                return mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl_post_msg((struct mshv_vtl_sint_post_msg __user *)arg);
        case MSHV_SINT_SIGNAL_EVENT:
                return mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl_signal_event((struct mshv_vtl_signal_event __user *)arg);
        case MSHV_SINT_SET_EVENTFD:
                return mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl_set_eventfd((struct mshv_vtl_set_eventfd __user *)arg);
        case MSHV_SINT_PAUSE_MESSAGE_STREAM:
                return mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl_pause_msg_stream((struct mshv_sint_mask __user *)arg);
        default:
                return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
        }
}

static const struct file_operations mshv_vtl_sint_ops = {
        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
        .read = mshv_vtl_sint_read,
        .poll = mshv_vtl_sint_poll,
        .unlocked_ioctl = mshv_vtl_sint_ioctl,
};

static struct miscdevice mshv_vtl_sint_dev = {
        .name = "mshv_sint",
        .fops = &mshv_vtl_sint_ops,
        .mode = 0600,
        .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
};

static int mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev_open(struct inode *node, struct file *f)
{
        struct miscdevice *dev = f->private_data;
        struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_fd *fd;

        if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
                return -EPERM;

        fd = vzalloc(sizeof(*fd));
        if (!fd)
                return -ENOMEM;
        fd->dev = dev;
        f->private_data = fd;
        mutex_init(&fd->init_mutex);

        return 0;
}

static int mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev_release(struct inode *node, struct file *f)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_fd *fd;

        fd = f->private_data;
        if (fd) {
                vfree(fd);
                f->private_data = NULL;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int mshv_vtl_hvcall_do_setup(struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_fd *fd,
                                    struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_setup __user *hvcall_setup_user)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_setup hvcall_setup;

        guard(mutex)(&fd->init_mutex);

        if (fd->allow_map_initialized) {
                dev_err(fd->dev->this_device,
                        "Hypercall allow map has already been set, pid %d\n",
                        current->pid);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (copy_from_user(&hvcall_setup, hvcall_setup_user,
                           sizeof(struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_setup))) {
                return -EFAULT;
        }
        if (hvcall_setup.bitmap_array_size > ARRAY_SIZE(fd->allow_bitmap))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (copy_from_user(&fd->allow_bitmap,
                           (void __user *)hvcall_setup.allow_bitmap_ptr,
                           hvcall_setup.bitmap_array_size)) {
                return -EFAULT;
        }

        dev_info(fd->dev->this_device, "Hypercall allow map has been set, pid %d\n",
                 current->pid);
        fd->allow_map_initialized = true;
        return 0;
}

static bool mshv_vtl_hvcall_is_allowed(struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_fd *fd, u16 call_code)
{
        return test_bit(call_code, (unsigned long *)fd->allow_bitmap);
}

static int mshv_vtl_hvcall_call(struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_fd *fd,
                                struct mshv_vtl_hvcall __user *hvcall_user)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_hvcall hvcall;
        void *in, *out;
        int ret;

        if (copy_from_user(&hvcall, hvcall_user, sizeof(struct mshv_vtl_hvcall)))
                return -EFAULT;
        if (hvcall.input_size > HV_HYP_PAGE_SIZE)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (hvcall.output_size > HV_HYP_PAGE_SIZE)
                return -EINVAL;

        /*
         * By default, all hypercalls are not allowed.
         * The user mode code has to set up the allow bitmap once.
         */

        if (!mshv_vtl_hvcall_is_allowed(fd, hvcall.control & 0xFFFF)) {
                dev_err(fd->dev->this_device,
                        "Hypercall with control data %#llx isn't allowed\n",
                        hvcall.control);
                return -EPERM;
        }

        /*
         * This may create a problem for Confidential VM (CVM) usecase where we need to use
         * Hyper-V driver allocated per-cpu input and output pages (hyperv_pcpu_input_arg and
         * hyperv_pcpu_output_arg) for making a hypervisor call.
         *
         * TODO: Take care of this when CVM support is added.
         */
        in = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
        out = (void *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);

        if (copy_from_user(in, (void __user *)hvcall.input_ptr, hvcall.input_size)) {
                ret = -EFAULT;
                goto free_pages;
        }

        hvcall.status = hv_do_hypercall(hvcall.control, in, out);

        if (copy_to_user((void __user *)hvcall.output_ptr, out, hvcall.output_size)) {
                ret = -EFAULT;
                goto free_pages;
        }
        ret = put_user(hvcall.status, &hvcall_user->status);
free_pages:
        free_page((unsigned long)in);
        free_page((unsigned long)out);

        return ret;
}

static long mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev_ioctl(struct file *f, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
        struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_fd *fd = f->private_data;

        switch (cmd) {
        case MSHV_HVCALL_SETUP:
                return mshv_vtl_hvcall_do_setup(fd, (struct mshv_vtl_hvcall_setup __user *)arg);
        case MSHV_HVCALL:
                return mshv_vtl_hvcall_call(fd, (struct mshv_vtl_hvcall __user *)arg);
        default:
                break;
        }

        return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
}

static const struct file_operations mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev_file_ops = {
        .owner = THIS_MODULE,
        .open = mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev_open,
        .release = mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev_release,
        .unlocked_ioctl = mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev_ioctl,
};

static struct miscdevice mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev = {
        .name = "mshv_hvcall",
        .nodename = "mshv_hvcall",
        .fops = &mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev_file_ops,
        .mode = 0600,
        .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
};

static int mshv_vtl_low_open(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filp)
{
        pid_t pid = task_pid_vnr(current);
        uid_t uid = current_uid().val;
        int ret = 0;

        pr_debug("%s: Opening VTL low, task group %d, uid %d\n", __func__, pid, uid);

        if (capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
                filp->private_data = inodep;
        } else {
                pr_err("%s: VTL low open failed: CAP_SYS_ADMIN required. task group %d, uid %d",
                       __func__, pid, uid);
                ret = -EPERM;
        }

        return ret;
}

static bool can_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned long size, unsigned long *pfn)
{
        unsigned long mask = size - 1;
        unsigned long start = vmf->address & ~mask;
        unsigned long end = start + size;
        bool is_valid;

        is_valid = (vmf->address & mask) == ((vmf->pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) & mask) &&
                start >= vmf->vma->vm_start &&
                end <= vmf->vma->vm_end;

        if (is_valid)
                *pfn = vmf->pgoff & ~(mask >> PAGE_SHIFT);

        return is_valid;
}

static vm_fault_t mshv_vtl_low_huge_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf, unsigned int order)
{
        unsigned long pfn = vmf->pgoff;
        vm_fault_t ret = VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;

        switch (order) {
        case 0:
                return vmf_insert_mixed(vmf->vma, vmf->address, pfn);

        case PMD_ORDER:
                if (can_fault(vmf, PMD_SIZE, &pfn))
                        ret = vmf_insert_pfn_pmd(vmf, pfn, vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE);
                return ret;

        case PUD_ORDER:
                if (can_fault(vmf, PUD_SIZE, &pfn))
                        ret = vmf_insert_pfn_pud(vmf, pfn, vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE);
                return ret;

        default:
                return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
        }
}

static vm_fault_t mshv_vtl_low_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        return mshv_vtl_low_huge_fault(vmf, 0);
}

static const struct vm_operations_struct mshv_vtl_low_vm_ops = {
        .fault = mshv_vtl_low_fault,
        .huge_fault = mshv_vtl_low_huge_fault,
};

static int mshv_vtl_low_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        vma->vm_ops = &mshv_vtl_low_vm_ops;
        vm_flags_set(vma, VM_HUGEPAGE | VM_MIXEDMAP);

        return 0;
}

static const struct file_operations mshv_vtl_low_file_ops = {
        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
        .open           = mshv_vtl_low_open,
        .mmap           = mshv_vtl_low_mmap,
};

static struct miscdevice mshv_vtl_low = {
        .name = "mshv_vtl_low",
        .nodename = "mshv_vtl_low",
        .fops = &mshv_vtl_low_file_ops,
        .mode = 0600,
        .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
};

static int __init mshv_vtl_init(void)
{
        int ret;
        struct device *dev = mshv_dev.this_device;

        /*
         * This creates /dev/mshv which provides functionality to create VTLs and partitions.
         */
        ret = misc_register(&mshv_dev);
        if (ret) {
                dev_err(dev, "mshv device register failed: %d\n", ret);
                goto free_dev;
        }

        tasklet_init(&msg_dpc, mshv_vtl_sint_on_msg_dpc, 0);
        init_waitqueue_head(&fd_wait_queue);

        if (mshv_vtl_get_vsm_regs()) {
                dev_emerg(dev, "Unable to get VSM capabilities !!\n");
                ret = -ENODEV;
                goto free_dev;
        }
        if (mshv_vtl_configure_vsm_partition(dev)) {
                dev_emerg(dev, "VSM configuration failed !!\n");
                ret = -ENODEV;
                goto free_dev;
        }

        mshv_vtl_return_call_init(mshv_vsm_page_offsets.vtl_return_offset);
        ret = hv_vtl_setup_synic();
        if (ret)
                goto free_dev;

        /*
         * mshv_sint device adds VMBus relay ioctl support.
         * This provides a channel for VTL0 to communicate with VTL2.
         */
        ret = misc_register(&mshv_vtl_sint_dev);
        if (ret)
                goto free_synic;

        /*
         * mshv_hvcall device adds interface to enable userspace for direct hypercalls support.
         */
        ret = misc_register(&mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev);
        if (ret)
                goto free_sint;

        /*
         * mshv_vtl_low device is used to map VTL0 address space to a user-mode process in VTL2.
         * It implements mmap() to allow a user-mode process in VTL2 to map to the address of VTL0.
         */
        ret = misc_register(&mshv_vtl_low);
        if (ret)
                goto free_hvcall;

        /*
         * "mshv vtl mem dev" device is later used to setup VTL0 memory.
         */
        mem_dev = kzalloc_obj(*mem_dev);
        if (!mem_dev) {
                ret = -ENOMEM;
                goto free_low;
        }

        mutex_init(&mshv_vtl_poll_file_lock);

        device_initialize(mem_dev);
        dev_set_name(mem_dev, "mshv vtl mem dev");
        ret = device_add(mem_dev);
        if (ret) {
                dev_err(dev, "mshv vtl mem dev add: %d\n", ret);
                goto free_mem;
        }

        return 0;

free_mem:
        kfree(mem_dev);
free_low:
        misc_deregister(&mshv_vtl_low);
free_hvcall:
        misc_deregister(&mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev);
free_sint:
        misc_deregister(&mshv_vtl_sint_dev);
free_synic:
        hv_vtl_remove_synic();
free_dev:
        misc_deregister(&mshv_dev);

        return ret;
}

static void __exit mshv_vtl_exit(void)
{
        device_del(mem_dev);
        kfree(mem_dev);
        misc_deregister(&mshv_vtl_low);
        misc_deregister(&mshv_vtl_hvcall_dev);
        misc_deregister(&mshv_vtl_sint_dev);
        hv_vtl_remove_synic();
        misc_deregister(&mshv_dev);
}

module_init(mshv_vtl_init);
module_exit(mshv_vtl_exit);