/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ */
/*
 * Read-Copy Update mechanism for mutual exclusion (tree-based version)
 * Internal non-public definitions that provide either classic
 * or preemptible semantics.
 *
 * Copyright Red Hat, 2009
 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2009
 * Copyright SUSE, 2021
 *
 * Author: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
 *         Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
 *         Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU
static cpumask_var_t rcu_nocb_mask; /* CPUs to have callbacks offloaded. */
static bool __read_mostly rcu_nocb_poll;    /* Offload kthread are to poll. */

static inline bool rcu_current_is_nocb_kthread(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        /* Race on early boot between thread creation and assignment */
        if (!rdp->nocb_cb_kthread || !rdp->nocb_gp_kthread)
                return true;

        if (current == rdp->nocb_cb_kthread || current == rdp->nocb_gp_kthread)
                if (in_task())
                        return true;
        return false;
}

/*
 * Offload callback processing from the boot-time-specified set of CPUs
 * specified by rcu_nocb_mask.  For the CPUs in the set, there are kthreads
 * created that pull the callbacks from the corresponding CPU, wait for
 * a grace period to elapse, and invoke the callbacks.  These kthreads
 * are organized into GP kthreads, which manage incoming callbacks, wait for
 * grace periods, and awaken CB kthreads, and the CB kthreads, which only
 * invoke callbacks.  Each GP kthread invokes its own CBs.  The no-CBs CPUs
 * do a wake_up() on their GP kthread when they insert a callback into any
 * empty list, unless the rcu_nocb_poll boot parameter has been specified,
 * in which case each kthread actively polls its CPU.  (Which isn't so great
 * for energy efficiency, but which does reduce RCU's overhead on that CPU.)
 *
 * This is intended to be used in conjunction with Frederic Weisbecker's
 * adaptive-idle work, which would seriously reduce OS jitter on CPUs
 * running CPU-bound user-mode computations.
 *
 * Offloading of callbacks can also be used as an energy-efficiency
 * measure because CPUs with no RCU callbacks queued are more aggressive
 * about entering dyntick-idle mode.
 */


/*
 * Parse the boot-time rcu_nocb_mask CPU list from the kernel parameters.
 * If the list is invalid, a warning is emitted and all CPUs are offloaded.
 */
static int __init rcu_nocb_setup(char *str)
{
        alloc_bootmem_cpumask_var(&rcu_nocb_mask);
        if (*str == '=') {
                if (cpulist_parse(++str, rcu_nocb_mask)) {
                        pr_warn("rcu_nocbs= bad CPU range, all CPUs set\n");
                        cpumask_setall(rcu_nocb_mask);
                }
        }
        rcu_state.nocb_is_setup = true;
        return 1;
}
__setup("rcu_nocbs", rcu_nocb_setup);

static int __init parse_rcu_nocb_poll(char *arg)
{
        rcu_nocb_poll = true;
        return 1;
}
__setup("rcu_nocb_poll", parse_rcu_nocb_poll);

/*
 * Don't bother bypassing ->cblist if the call_rcu() rate is low.
 * After all, the main point of bypassing is to avoid lock contention
 * on ->nocb_lock, which only can happen at high call_rcu() rates.
 */
static int nocb_nobypass_lim_per_jiffy = 16 * 1000 / HZ;
module_param(nocb_nobypass_lim_per_jiffy, int, 0);

/*
 * Acquire the specified rcu_data structure's ->nocb_bypass_lock.  If the
 * lock isn't immediately available, perform minimal sanity check.
 */
static void rcu_nocb_bypass_lock(struct rcu_data *rdp)
        __acquires(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock)
{
        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
        if (raw_spin_trylock(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock))
                return;
        /*
         * Contention expected only when local enqueue collide with
         * remote flush from kthreads.
         */
        WARN_ON_ONCE(smp_processor_id() != rdp->cpu);
        raw_spin_lock(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock);
}

/*
 * Conditionally acquire the specified rcu_data structure's
 * ->nocb_bypass_lock.
 */
static bool rcu_nocb_bypass_trylock(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
        return raw_spin_trylock(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock);
}

/*
 * Release the specified rcu_data structure's ->nocb_bypass_lock.
 */
static void rcu_nocb_bypass_unlock(struct rcu_data *rdp)
        __releases(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock)
{
        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
        raw_spin_unlock(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock);
}

/*
 * Acquire the specified rcu_data structure's ->nocb_lock, but only
 * if it corresponds to a no-CBs CPU.
 */
static void rcu_nocb_lock(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
        if (!rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp))
                return;
        raw_spin_lock(&rdp->nocb_lock);
}

/*
 * Release the specified rcu_data structure's ->nocb_lock, but only
 * if it corresponds to a no-CBs CPU.
 */
static void rcu_nocb_unlock(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        if (rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp)) {
                lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
                raw_spin_unlock(&rdp->nocb_lock);
        }
}

/*
 * Release the specified rcu_data structure's ->nocb_lock and restore
 * interrupts, but only if it corresponds to a no-CBs CPU.
 */
static void rcu_nocb_unlock_irqrestore(struct rcu_data *rdp,
                                       unsigned long flags)
{
        if (rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp)) {
                lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp->nocb_lock, flags);
        } else {
                local_irq_restore(flags);
        }
}

/* Lockdep check that ->cblist may be safely accessed. */
static void rcu_lockdep_assert_cblist_protected(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
        if (rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp))
                lockdep_assert_held(&rdp->nocb_lock);
}

/*
 * Wake up any no-CBs CPUs' kthreads that were waiting on the just-ended
 * grace period.
 */
static void rcu_nocb_gp_cleanup(struct swait_queue_head *sq)
{
        swake_up_all(sq);
}

static struct swait_queue_head *rcu_nocb_gp_get(struct rcu_node *rnp)
{
        return &rnp->nocb_gp_wq[rcu_seq_ctr(rnp->gp_seq) & 0x1];
}

static void rcu_init_one_nocb(struct rcu_node *rnp)
{
        init_swait_queue_head(&rnp->nocb_gp_wq[0]);
        init_swait_queue_head(&rnp->nocb_gp_wq[1]);
}

/* Clear any pending deferred wakeup timer (nocb_gp_lock must be held). */
static void nocb_defer_wakeup_cancel(struct rcu_data *rdp_gp)
{
        if (rdp_gp->nocb_defer_wakeup > RCU_NOCB_WAKE_NOT) {
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp_gp->nocb_defer_wakeup, RCU_NOCB_WAKE_NOT);
                timer_delete(&rdp_gp->nocb_timer);
        }
}

static bool __wake_nocb_gp(struct rcu_data *rdp_gp,
                           struct rcu_data *rdp,
                           unsigned long flags)
        __releases(rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock)
{
        bool needwake = false;

        if (!READ_ONCE(rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread)) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
                trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu,
                                    TPS("AlreadyAwake"));
                return false;
        }

        nocb_defer_wakeup_cancel(rdp_gp);

        if (READ_ONCE(rdp_gp->nocb_gp_sleep)) {
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp_gp->nocb_gp_sleep, false);
                needwake = true;
        }
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
        if (needwake) {
                trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu, TPS("DoWake"));
                swake_up_one(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_wq);
        }

        return needwake;
}

/*
 * Kick the GP kthread for this NOCB group.
 */
static bool wake_nocb_gp(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct rcu_data *rdp_gp = rdp->nocb_gp_rdp;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
        return __wake_nocb_gp(rdp_gp, rdp, flags);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_LAZY
/*
 * LAZY_FLUSH_JIFFIES decides the maximum amount of time that
 * can elapse before lazy callbacks are flushed. Lazy callbacks
 * could be flushed much earlier for a number of other reasons
 * however, LAZY_FLUSH_JIFFIES will ensure no lazy callbacks are
 * left unsubmitted to RCU after those many jiffies.
 */
#define LAZY_FLUSH_JIFFIES (10 * HZ)
static unsigned long jiffies_lazy_flush = LAZY_FLUSH_JIFFIES;

// To be called only from test code.
void rcu_set_jiffies_lazy_flush(unsigned long jif)
{
        jiffies_lazy_flush = jif;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(rcu_set_jiffies_lazy_flush);

unsigned long rcu_get_jiffies_lazy_flush(void)
{
        return jiffies_lazy_flush;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(rcu_get_jiffies_lazy_flush);
#endif

/*
 * Arrange to wake the GP kthread for this NOCB group at some future
 * time when it is safe to do so.
 */
static void wake_nocb_gp_defer(struct rcu_data *rdp, int waketype,
                               const char *reason)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct rcu_data *rdp_gp = rdp->nocb_gp_rdp;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);

        /*
         * Bypass wakeup overrides previous deferments. In case of
         * callback storms, no need to wake up too early.
         */
        if (waketype == RCU_NOCB_WAKE_LAZY &&
            rdp_gp->nocb_defer_wakeup == RCU_NOCB_WAKE_NOT) {
                mod_timer(&rdp_gp->nocb_timer, jiffies + rcu_get_jiffies_lazy_flush());
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp_gp->nocb_defer_wakeup, waketype);
        } else if (waketype == RCU_NOCB_WAKE_BYPASS) {
                mod_timer(&rdp_gp->nocb_timer, jiffies + 2);
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp_gp->nocb_defer_wakeup, waketype);
        } else {
                if (rdp_gp->nocb_defer_wakeup < RCU_NOCB_WAKE)
                        mod_timer(&rdp_gp->nocb_timer, jiffies + 1);
                if (rdp_gp->nocb_defer_wakeup < waketype)
                        WRITE_ONCE(rdp_gp->nocb_defer_wakeup, waketype);
        }

        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);

        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu, reason);
}

/*
 * Flush the ->nocb_bypass queue into ->cblist, enqueuing rhp if non-NULL.
 * However, if there is a callback to be enqueued and if ->nocb_bypass
 * proves to be initially empty, just return false because the no-CB GP
 * kthread may need to be awakened in this case.
 *
 * Return true if there was something to be flushed and it succeeded, otherwise
 * false.
 *
 * Note that this function always returns true if rhp is NULL.
 */
static bool rcu_nocb_do_flush_bypass(struct rcu_data *rdp, struct rcu_head *rhp_in,
                                     unsigned long j, bool lazy)
{
        struct rcu_cblist rcl;
        struct rcu_head *rhp = rhp_in;

        WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp));
        rcu_lockdep_assert_cblist_protected(rdp);
        lockdep_assert_held(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock);
        if (rhp && !rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass)) {
                raw_spin_unlock(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock);
                return false;
        }
        /* Note: ->cblist.len already accounts for ->nocb_bypass contents. */
        if (rhp)
                rcu_segcblist_inc_len(&rdp->cblist); /* Must precede enqueue. */

        /*
         * If the new CB requested was a lazy one, queue it onto the main
         * ->cblist so that we can take advantage of the grace-period that will
         * happen regardless. But queue it onto the bypass list first so that
         * the lazy CB is ordered with the existing CBs in the bypass list.
         */
        if (lazy && rhp) {
                rcu_cblist_enqueue(&rdp->nocb_bypass, rhp);
                rhp = NULL;
        }
        rcu_cblist_flush_enqueue(&rcl, &rdp->nocb_bypass, rhp);
        WRITE_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len, 0);

        rcu_segcblist_insert_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist, &rcl);
        WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_bypass_first, j);
        rcu_nocb_bypass_unlock(rdp);
        return true;
}

/*
 * Flush the ->nocb_bypass queue into ->cblist, enqueuing rhp if non-NULL.
 * However, if there is a callback to be enqueued and if ->nocb_bypass
 * proves to be initially empty, just return false because the no-CB GP
 * kthread may need to be awakened in this case.
 *
 * Note that this function always returns true if rhp is NULL.
 */
static bool rcu_nocb_flush_bypass(struct rcu_data *rdp, struct rcu_head *rhp,
                                  unsigned long j, bool lazy)
{
        if (!rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp))
                return true;
        rcu_lockdep_assert_cblist_protected(rdp);
        rcu_nocb_bypass_lock(rdp);
        return rcu_nocb_do_flush_bypass(rdp, rhp, j, lazy);
}

/*
 * If the ->nocb_bypass_lock is immediately available, flush the
 * ->nocb_bypass queue into ->cblist.
 */
static void rcu_nocb_try_flush_bypass(struct rcu_data *rdp, unsigned long j)
{
        rcu_lockdep_assert_cblist_protected(rdp);
        if (!rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp) ||
            !rcu_nocb_bypass_trylock(rdp))
                return;
        WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_nocb_do_flush_bypass(rdp, NULL, j, false));
}

/*
 * See whether it is appropriate to use the ->nocb_bypass list in order
 * to control contention on ->nocb_lock.  A limited number of direct
 * enqueues are permitted into ->cblist per jiffy.  If ->nocb_bypass
 * is non-empty, further callbacks must be placed into ->nocb_bypass,
 * otherwise rcu_barrier() breaks.  Use rcu_nocb_flush_bypass() to switch
 * back to direct use of ->cblist.  However, ->nocb_bypass should not be
 * used if ->cblist is empty, because otherwise callbacks can be stranded
 * on ->nocb_bypass because we cannot count on the current CPU ever again
 * invoking call_rcu().  The general rule is that if ->nocb_bypass is
 * non-empty, the corresponding no-CBs grace-period kthread must not be
 * in an indefinite sleep state.
 *
 * Finally, it is not permitted to use the bypass during early boot,
 * as doing so would confuse the auto-initialization code.  Besides
 * which, there is no point in worrying about lock contention while
 * there is only one CPU in operation.
 */
static bool rcu_nocb_try_bypass(struct rcu_data *rdp, struct rcu_head *rhp,
                                bool *was_alldone, unsigned long flags,
                                bool lazy)
{
        unsigned long c;
        unsigned long cur_gp_seq;
        unsigned long j = jiffies;
        long ncbs = rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass);
        bool bypass_is_lazy = (ncbs == READ_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len));

        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();

        // Pure softirq/rcuc based processing: no bypassing, no
        // locking.
        if (!rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp)) {
                *was_alldone = !rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist);
                return false;
        }

        // Don't use ->nocb_bypass during early boot.
        if (rcu_scheduler_active != RCU_SCHEDULER_RUNNING) {
                rcu_nocb_lock(rdp);
                WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass));
                *was_alldone = !rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist);
                return false;
        }

        // If we have advanced to a new jiffy, reset counts to allow
        // moving back from ->nocb_bypass to ->cblist.
        if (j == rdp->nocb_nobypass_last) {
                c = rdp->nocb_nobypass_count + 1;
        } else {
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_nobypass_last, j);
                c = rdp->nocb_nobypass_count - nocb_nobypass_lim_per_jiffy;
                if (ULONG_CMP_LT(rdp->nocb_nobypass_count,
                                 nocb_nobypass_lim_per_jiffy))
                        c = 0;
                else if (c > nocb_nobypass_lim_per_jiffy)
                        c = nocb_nobypass_lim_per_jiffy;
        }
        WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_nobypass_count, c);

        // If there hasn't yet been all that many ->cblist enqueues
        // this jiffy, tell the caller to enqueue onto ->cblist.  But flush
        // ->nocb_bypass first.
        // Lazy CBs throttle this back and do immediate bypass queuing.
        if (rdp->nocb_nobypass_count < nocb_nobypass_lim_per_jiffy && !lazy) {
                rcu_nocb_lock(rdp);
                *was_alldone = !rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist);
                if (*was_alldone)
                        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu,
                                            TPS("FirstQ"));

                WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_nocb_flush_bypass(rdp, NULL, j, false));
                WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass));
                return false; // Caller must enqueue the callback.
        }

        // If ->nocb_bypass has been used too long or is too full,
        // flush ->nocb_bypass to ->cblist.
        if ((ncbs && !bypass_is_lazy && j != READ_ONCE(rdp->nocb_bypass_first)) ||
            (ncbs &&  bypass_is_lazy &&
             (time_after(j, READ_ONCE(rdp->nocb_bypass_first) + rcu_get_jiffies_lazy_flush()))) ||
            ncbs >= qhimark) {
                rcu_nocb_lock(rdp);
                *was_alldone = !rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist);

                if (!rcu_nocb_flush_bypass(rdp, rhp, j, lazy)) {
                        if (*was_alldone)
                                trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu,
                                                    TPS("FirstQ"));
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass));
                        return false; // Caller must enqueue the callback.
                }
                if (j != rdp->nocb_gp_adv_time &&
                    rcu_segcblist_nextgp(&rdp->cblist, &cur_gp_seq) &&
                    rcu_seq_done(&rdp->mynode->gp_seq, cur_gp_seq)) {
                        rcu_advance_cbs_nowake(rdp->mynode, rdp);
                        rdp->nocb_gp_adv_time = j;
                }

                // The flush succeeded and we moved CBs into the regular list.
                // Don't wait for the wake up timer as it may be too far ahead.
                // Wake up the GP thread now instead, if the cblist was empty.
                __call_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp, *was_alldone, flags);

                return true; // Callback already enqueued.
        }

        // We need to use the bypass.
        rcu_nocb_bypass_lock(rdp);
        ncbs = rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass);
        rcu_segcblist_inc_len(&rdp->cblist); /* Must precede enqueue. */
        rcu_cblist_enqueue(&rdp->nocb_bypass, rhp);

        if (lazy)
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len, rdp->lazy_len + 1);

        if (!ncbs) {
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_bypass_first, j);
                trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu, TPS("FirstBQ"));
        }
        rcu_nocb_bypass_unlock(rdp);

        // A wake up of the grace period kthread or timer adjustment
        // needs to be done only if:
        // 1. Bypass list was fully empty before (this is the first
        //    bypass list entry), or:
        // 2. Both of these conditions are met:
        //    a. The bypass list previously had only lazy CBs, and:
        //    b. The new CB is non-lazy.
        if (!ncbs || (bypass_is_lazy && !lazy)) {
                // No-CBs GP kthread might be indefinitely asleep, if so, wake.
                rcu_nocb_lock(rdp); // Rare during call_rcu() flood.
                if (!rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(&rdp->cblist)) {
                        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu,
                                            TPS("FirstBQwake"));
                        __call_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp, true, flags);
                } else {
                        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu,
                                            TPS("FirstBQnoWake"));
                        rcu_nocb_unlock(rdp);
                }
        }
        return true; // Callback already enqueued.
}

/*
 * Awaken the no-CBs grace-period kthread if needed due to it legitimately
 * being asleep.
 */
static void __call_rcu_nocb_wake(struct rcu_data *rdp, bool was_alldone,
                                 unsigned long flags)
                                 __releases(rdp->nocb_lock)
{
        long bypass_len;
        long lazy_len;
        long len;
        struct task_struct *t;

        // If we are being polled or there is no kthread, just leave.
        t = READ_ONCE(rdp->nocb_gp_kthread);
        if (rcu_nocb_poll || !t) {
                rcu_nocb_unlock(rdp);
                trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu,
                                    TPS("WakeNotPoll"));
                return;
        }
        // Need to actually to a wakeup.
        len = rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&rdp->cblist);
        bypass_len = rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass);
        lazy_len = READ_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len);
        if (was_alldone) {
                rdp->qlen_last_fqs_check = len;
                rcu_nocb_unlock(rdp);
                // Only lazy CBs in bypass list
                if (lazy_len && bypass_len == lazy_len) {
                        wake_nocb_gp_defer(rdp, RCU_NOCB_WAKE_LAZY,
                                           TPS("WakeLazy"));
                } else if (!irqs_disabled_flags(flags)) {
                        /* ... if queue was empty ... */
                        wake_nocb_gp(rdp);
                        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu,
                                            TPS("WakeEmpty"));
                } else {
                        wake_nocb_gp_defer(rdp, RCU_NOCB_WAKE,
                                           TPS("WakeEmptyIsDeferred"));
                }

                return;
        }

        rcu_nocb_unlock(rdp);
        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu, TPS("WakeNot"));
}

static void call_rcu_nocb(struct rcu_data *rdp, struct rcu_head *head,
                          rcu_callback_t func, unsigned long flags, bool lazy)
{
        bool was_alldone;

        if (!rcu_nocb_try_bypass(rdp, head, &was_alldone, flags, lazy)) {
                /* Not enqueued on bypass but locked, do regular enqueue */
                rcutree_enqueue(rdp, head, func);
                __call_rcu_nocb_wake(rdp, was_alldone, flags); /* unlocks */
        }
}

static void nocb_gp_toggle_rdp(struct rcu_data *rdp_gp, struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        struct rcu_segcblist *cblist = &rdp->cblist;
        unsigned long flags;

        /*
         * Locking orders future de-offloaded callbacks enqueue against previous
         * handling of this rdp. Ie: Make sure rcuog is done with this rdp before
         * deoffloaded callbacks can be enqueued.
         */
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp->nocb_lock, flags);
        if (!rcu_segcblist_test_flags(cblist, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED)) {
                /*
                 * Offloading. Set our flag and notify the offload worker.
                 * We will handle this rdp until it ever gets de-offloaded.
                 */
                list_add_tail(&rdp->nocb_entry_rdp, &rdp_gp->nocb_head_rdp);
                rcu_segcblist_set_flags(cblist, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
        } else {
                /*
                 * De-offloading. Clear our flag and notify the de-offload worker.
                 * We will ignore this rdp until it ever gets re-offloaded.
                 */
                list_del(&rdp->nocb_entry_rdp);
                rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(cblist, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
        }
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp->nocb_lock, flags);
}

static void nocb_gp_sleep(struct rcu_data *my_rdp, int cpu)
{
        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, cpu, TPS("Sleep"));
        swait_event_interruptible_exclusive(my_rdp->nocb_gp_wq,
                                        !READ_ONCE(my_rdp->nocb_gp_sleep));
        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, cpu, TPS("EndSleep"));
}

/*
 * No-CBs GP kthreads come here to wait for additional callbacks to show up
 * or for grace periods to end.
 */
static void nocb_gp_wait(struct rcu_data *my_rdp)
{
        bool bypass = false;
        int __maybe_unused cpu = my_rdp->cpu;
        unsigned long cur_gp_seq;
        unsigned long flags;
        bool gotcbs = false;
        unsigned long j = jiffies;
        bool lazy = false;
        bool needwait_gp = false; // This prevents actual uninitialized use.
        bool needwake;
        bool needwake_gp;
        struct rcu_data *rdp, *rdp_toggling = NULL;
        struct rcu_node *rnp;
        unsigned long wait_gp_seq = 0; // Suppress "use uninitialized" warning.
        bool wasempty = false;

        /*
         * Each pass through the following loop checks for CBs and for the
         * nearest grace period (if any) to wait for next.  The CB kthreads
         * and the global grace-period kthread are awakened if needed.
         */
        WARN_ON_ONCE(my_rdp->nocb_gp_rdp != my_rdp);
        /*
         * An rcu_data structure is removed from the list after its
         * CPU is de-offloaded and added to the list before that CPU is
         * (re-)offloaded.  If the following loop happens to be referencing
         * that rcu_data structure during the time that the corresponding
         * CPU is de-offloaded and then immediately re-offloaded, this
         * loop's rdp pointer will be carried to the end of the list by
         * the resulting pair of list operations.  This can cause the loop
         * to skip over some of the rcu_data structures that were supposed
         * to have been scanned.  Fortunately a new iteration through the
         * entire loop is forced after a given CPU's rcu_data structure
         * is added to the list, so the skipped-over rcu_data structures
         * won't be ignored for long.
         */
        list_for_each_entry(rdp, &my_rdp->nocb_head_rdp, nocb_entry_rdp) {
                long bypass_ncbs;
                bool flush_bypass = false;
                long lazy_ncbs;

                trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu, TPS("Check"));
                rcu_nocb_lock_irqsave(rdp, flags);
                lockdep_assert_held(&rdp->nocb_lock);
                bypass_ncbs = rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass);
                lazy_ncbs = READ_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len);

                if (bypass_ncbs && (lazy_ncbs == bypass_ncbs) &&
                    (time_after(j, READ_ONCE(rdp->nocb_bypass_first) + rcu_get_jiffies_lazy_flush()) ||
                     bypass_ncbs > 2 * qhimark)) {
                        flush_bypass = true;
                } else if (bypass_ncbs && (lazy_ncbs != bypass_ncbs) &&
                    (time_after(j, READ_ONCE(rdp->nocb_bypass_first) + 1) ||
                     bypass_ncbs > 2 * qhimark)) {
                        flush_bypass = true;
                } else if (!bypass_ncbs && rcu_segcblist_empty(&rdp->cblist)) {
                        rcu_nocb_unlock_irqrestore(rdp, flags);
                        continue; /* No callbacks here, try next. */
                }

                if (flush_bypass) {
                        // Bypass full or old, so flush it.
                        (void)rcu_nocb_try_flush_bypass(rdp, j);
                        bypass_ncbs = rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass);
                        lazy_ncbs = READ_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len);
                }

                if (bypass_ncbs) {
                        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu,
                                            bypass_ncbs == lazy_ncbs ? TPS("Lazy") : TPS("Bypass"));
                        if (bypass_ncbs == lazy_ncbs)
                                lazy = true;
                        else
                                bypass = true;
                }
                rnp = rdp->mynode;

                // Advance callbacks if helpful and low contention.
                needwake_gp = false;
                if (!rcu_segcblist_restempty(&rdp->cblist,
                                             RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL) ||
                    (rcu_segcblist_nextgp(&rdp->cblist, &cur_gp_seq) &&
                     rcu_seq_done(&rnp->gp_seq, cur_gp_seq))) {
                        raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs disabled. */
                        needwake_gp = rcu_advance_cbs(rnp, rdp);
                        wasempty = rcu_segcblist_restempty(&rdp->cblist,
                                                           RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL);
                        raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs disabled. */
                }
                // Need to wait on some grace period?
                WARN_ON_ONCE(wasempty &&
                             !rcu_segcblist_restempty(&rdp->cblist,
                                                      RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL));
                if (rcu_segcblist_nextgp(&rdp->cblist, &cur_gp_seq)) {
                        if (!needwait_gp ||
                            ULONG_CMP_LT(cur_gp_seq, wait_gp_seq))
                                wait_gp_seq = cur_gp_seq;
                        needwait_gp = true;
                        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu,
                                            TPS("NeedWaitGP"));
                }
                if (rcu_segcblist_ready_cbs(&rdp->cblist)) {
                        needwake = rdp->nocb_cb_sleep;
                        WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_cb_sleep, false);
                } else {
                        needwake = false;
                }
                rcu_nocb_unlock_irqrestore(rdp, flags);
                if (needwake) {
                        swake_up_one(&rdp->nocb_cb_wq);
                        gotcbs = true;
                }
                if (needwake_gp)
                        rcu_gp_kthread_wake();
        }

        my_rdp->nocb_gp_bypass = bypass;
        my_rdp->nocb_gp_gp = needwait_gp;
        my_rdp->nocb_gp_seq = needwait_gp ? wait_gp_seq : 0;

        // At least one child with non-empty ->nocb_bypass, so set
        // timer in order to avoid stranding its callbacks.
        if (!rcu_nocb_poll) {
                // If bypass list only has lazy CBs. Add a deferred lazy wake up.
                if (lazy && !bypass) {
                        wake_nocb_gp_defer(my_rdp, RCU_NOCB_WAKE_LAZY,
                                        TPS("WakeLazyIsDeferred"));
                // Otherwise add a deferred bypass wake up.
                } else if (bypass) {
                        wake_nocb_gp_defer(my_rdp, RCU_NOCB_WAKE_BYPASS,
                                        TPS("WakeBypassIsDeferred"));
                }
        }

        if (rcu_nocb_poll) {
                /* Polling, so trace if first poll in the series. */
                if (gotcbs)
                        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, cpu, TPS("Poll"));
                if (list_empty(&my_rdp->nocb_head_rdp)) {
                        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&my_rdp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
                        if (!my_rdp->nocb_toggling_rdp)
                                WRITE_ONCE(my_rdp->nocb_gp_sleep, true);
                        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&my_rdp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
                        /* Wait for any offloading rdp */
                        nocb_gp_sleep(my_rdp, cpu);
                } else {
                        schedule_timeout_idle(1);
                }
        } else if (!needwait_gp) {
                /* Wait for callbacks to appear. */
                nocb_gp_sleep(my_rdp, cpu);
        } else {
                rnp = my_rdp->mynode;
                trace_rcu_this_gp(rnp, my_rdp, wait_gp_seq, TPS("StartWait"));
                swait_event_interruptible_exclusive(
                        rnp->nocb_gp_wq[rcu_seq_ctr(wait_gp_seq) & 0x1],
                        rcu_seq_done(&rnp->gp_seq, wait_gp_seq) ||
                        !READ_ONCE(my_rdp->nocb_gp_sleep));
                trace_rcu_this_gp(rnp, my_rdp, wait_gp_seq, TPS("EndWait"));
        }

        if (!rcu_nocb_poll) {
                raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&my_rdp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
                // (De-)queue an rdp to/from the group if its nocb state is changing
                rdp_toggling = my_rdp->nocb_toggling_rdp;
                if (rdp_toggling)
                        my_rdp->nocb_toggling_rdp = NULL;

                nocb_defer_wakeup_cancel(my_rdp);
                WRITE_ONCE(my_rdp->nocb_gp_sleep, true);
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&my_rdp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
        } else {
                rdp_toggling = READ_ONCE(my_rdp->nocb_toggling_rdp);
                if (rdp_toggling) {
                        /*
                         * Paranoid locking to make sure nocb_toggling_rdp is well
                         * reset *before* we (re)set SEGCBLIST_KTHREAD_GP or we could
                         * race with another round of nocb toggling for this rdp.
                         * Nocb locking should prevent from that already but we stick
                         * to paranoia, especially in rare path.
                         */
                        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&my_rdp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
                        my_rdp->nocb_toggling_rdp = NULL;
                        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&my_rdp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
                }
        }

        if (rdp_toggling) {
                nocb_gp_toggle_rdp(my_rdp, rdp_toggling);
                swake_up_one(&rdp_toggling->nocb_state_wq);
        }

        my_rdp->nocb_gp_seq = -1;
        WARN_ON(signal_pending(current));
}

/*
 * No-CBs grace-period-wait kthread.  There is one of these per group
 * of CPUs, but only once at least one CPU in that group has come online
 * at least once since boot.  This kthread checks for newly posted
 * callbacks from any of the CPUs it is responsible for, waits for a
 * grace period, then awakens all of the rcu_nocb_cb_kthread() instances
 * that then have callback-invocation work to do.
 */
static int rcu_nocb_gp_kthread(void *arg)
{
        struct rcu_data *rdp = arg;

        for (;;) {
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_gp_loops, rdp->nocb_gp_loops + 1);
                nocb_gp_wait(rdp);
                cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
        }
        return 0;
}

static inline bool nocb_cb_wait_cond(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        return !READ_ONCE(rdp->nocb_cb_sleep) || kthread_should_park();
}

/*
 * Invoke any ready callbacks from the corresponding no-CBs CPU,
 * then, if there are no more, wait for more to appear.
 */
static void nocb_cb_wait(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        struct rcu_segcblist *cblist = &rdp->cblist;
        unsigned long cur_gp_seq;
        unsigned long flags;
        bool needwake_gp = false;
        struct rcu_node *rnp = rdp->mynode;

        swait_event_interruptible_exclusive(rdp->nocb_cb_wq,
                                            nocb_cb_wait_cond(rdp));
        if (kthread_should_park()) {
                /*
                 * kthread_park() must be preceded by an rcu_barrier().
                 * But yet another rcu_barrier() might have sneaked in between
                 * the barrier callback execution and the callbacks counter
                 * decrement.
                 */
                if (rdp->nocb_cb_sleep) {
                        rcu_nocb_lock_irqsave(rdp, flags);
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&rdp->cblist));
                        rcu_nocb_unlock_irqrestore(rdp, flags);
                        kthread_parkme();
                }
        } else if (READ_ONCE(rdp->nocb_cb_sleep)) {
                WARN_ON(signal_pending(current));
                trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu, TPS("WokeEmpty"));
        }

        WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp));

        local_irq_save(flags);
        rcu_momentary_eqs();
        local_irq_restore(flags);
        /*
         * Disable BH to provide the expected environment.  Also, when
         * transitioning to/from NOCB mode, a self-requeuing callback might
         * be invoked from softirq.  A short grace period could cause both
         * instances of this callback would execute concurrently.
         */
        local_bh_disable();
        rcu_do_batch(rdp);
        local_bh_enable();
        lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();
        rcu_nocb_lock_irqsave(rdp, flags);
        if (rcu_segcblist_nextgp(cblist, &cur_gp_seq) &&
            rcu_seq_done(&rnp->gp_seq, cur_gp_seq) &&
            raw_spin_trylock_rcu_node(rnp)) { /* irqs already disabled. */
                needwake_gp = rcu_advance_cbs(rdp->mynode, rdp);
                raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp); /* irqs remain disabled. */
        }

        if (!rcu_segcblist_ready_cbs(cblist)) {
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_cb_sleep, true);
                trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu, TPS("CBSleep"));
        } else {
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_cb_sleep, false);
        }

        rcu_nocb_unlock_irqrestore(rdp, flags);
        if (needwake_gp)
                rcu_gp_kthread_wake();
}

/*
 * Per-rcu_data kthread, but only for no-CBs CPUs.  Repeatedly invoke
 * nocb_cb_wait() to do the dirty work.
 */
static int rcu_nocb_cb_kthread(void *arg)
{
        struct rcu_data *rdp = arg;

        // Each pass through this loop does one callback batch, and,
        // if there are no more ready callbacks, waits for them.
        for (;;) {
                nocb_cb_wait(rdp);
                cond_resched_tasks_rcu_qs();
        }
        return 0;
}

/* Is a deferred wakeup of rcu_nocb_kthread() required? */
static int rcu_nocb_need_deferred_wakeup(struct rcu_data *rdp, int level)
{
        return READ_ONCE(rdp->nocb_defer_wakeup) >= level;
}

/* Do a deferred wakeup of rcu_nocb_kthread(). */
static bool do_nocb_deferred_wakeup_common(struct rcu_data *rdp_gp,
                                           struct rcu_data *rdp, int level,
                                           unsigned long flags)
        __releases(rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock)
{
        int ret;

        if (!rcu_nocb_need_deferred_wakeup(rdp_gp, level)) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
                return false;
        }

        ret = __wake_nocb_gp(rdp_gp, rdp, flags);
        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu, TPS("DeferredWake"));

        return ret;
}

/* Do a deferred wakeup of rcu_nocb_kthread() from a timer handler. */
static void do_nocb_deferred_wakeup_timer(struct timer_list *t)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct rcu_data *rdp = timer_container_of(rdp, t, nocb_timer);

        WARN_ON_ONCE(rdp->nocb_gp_rdp != rdp);
        trace_rcu_nocb_wake(rcu_state.name, rdp->cpu, TPS("Timer"));

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
        do_nocb_deferred_wakeup_common(rdp, rdp, RCU_NOCB_WAKE_BYPASS, flags);
}

/*
 * Do a deferred wakeup of rcu_nocb_kthread() from fastpath.
 * This means we do an inexact common-case check.  Note that if
 * we miss, ->nocb_timer will eventually clean things up.
 */
static bool do_nocb_deferred_wakeup(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct rcu_data *rdp_gp = rdp->nocb_gp_rdp;

        if (!rdp_gp || !rcu_nocb_need_deferred_wakeup(rdp_gp, RCU_NOCB_WAKE))
                return false;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
        return do_nocb_deferred_wakeup_common(rdp_gp, rdp, RCU_NOCB_WAKE, flags);
}

void rcu_nocb_flush_deferred_wakeup(void)
{
        do_nocb_deferred_wakeup(this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_nocb_flush_deferred_wakeup);

static int rcu_nocb_queue_toggle_rdp(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        struct rcu_data *rdp_gp = rdp->nocb_gp_rdp;
        bool wake_gp = false;
        unsigned long flags;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);
        // Queue this rdp for add/del to/from the list to iterate on rcuog
        WRITE_ONCE(rdp_gp->nocb_toggling_rdp, rdp);
        if (rdp_gp->nocb_gp_sleep) {
                rdp_gp->nocb_gp_sleep = false;
                wake_gp = true;
        }
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_lock, flags);

        return wake_gp;
}

static bool rcu_nocb_rdp_deoffload_wait_cond(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        bool ret;

        /*
         * Locking makes sure rcuog is done handling this rdp before deoffloaded
         * enqueue can happen. Also it keeps the SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED flag stable
         * while the ->nocb_lock is held.
         */
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp->nocb_lock, flags);
        ret = !rcu_segcblist_test_flags(&rdp->cblist, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp->nocb_lock, flags);

        return ret;
}

static int rcu_nocb_rdp_deoffload(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        int wake_gp;
        struct rcu_data *rdp_gp = rdp->nocb_gp_rdp;

        /* CPU must be offline, unless it's early boot */
        WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu_online(rdp->cpu) && rdp->cpu != raw_smp_processor_id());

        pr_info("De-offloading %d\n", rdp->cpu);

        /* Flush all callbacks from segcblist and bypass */
        rcu_barrier();

        /*
         * Make sure the rcuoc kthread isn't in the middle of a nocb locked
         * sequence while offloading is deactivated, along with nocb locking.
         */
        if (rdp->nocb_cb_kthread)
                kthread_park(rdp->nocb_cb_kthread);

        rcu_nocb_lock_irqsave(rdp, flags);
        WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass));
        WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&rdp->cblist));
        rcu_nocb_unlock_irqrestore(rdp, flags);

        wake_gp = rcu_nocb_queue_toggle_rdp(rdp);

        mutex_lock(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread_mutex);

        if (rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread) {
                if (wake_gp)
                        wake_up_process(rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread);

                swait_event_exclusive(rdp->nocb_state_wq,
                                      rcu_nocb_rdp_deoffload_wait_cond(rdp));
        } else {
                /*
                 * No kthread to clear the flags for us or remove the rdp from the nocb list
                 * to iterate. Do it here instead. Locking doesn't look stricly necessary
                 * but we stick to paranoia in this rare path.
                 */
                raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp->nocb_lock, flags);
                rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(&rdp->cblist, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp->nocb_lock, flags);

                list_del(&rdp->nocb_entry_rdp);
        }

        mutex_unlock(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread_mutex);

        return 0;
}

int rcu_nocb_cpu_deoffload(int cpu)
{
        struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
        int ret = 0;

        cpus_read_lock();
        mutex_lock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex);
        if (rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp)) {
                if (!cpu_online(cpu)) {
                        ret = rcu_nocb_rdp_deoffload(rdp);
                        if (!ret)
                                cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, rcu_nocb_mask);
                } else {
                        pr_info("NOCB: Cannot CB-deoffload online CPU %d\n", rdp->cpu);
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                }
        }
        mutex_unlock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex);
        cpus_read_unlock();

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_nocb_cpu_deoffload);

static bool rcu_nocb_rdp_offload_wait_cond(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        bool ret;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdp->nocb_lock, flags);
        ret = rcu_segcblist_test_flags(&rdp->cblist, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdp->nocb_lock, flags);

        return ret;
}

static int rcu_nocb_rdp_offload(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        int wake_gp;

        WARN_ON_ONCE(cpu_online(rdp->cpu));
        /*
         * For now we only support re-offload, ie: the rdp must have been
         * offloaded on boot first.
         */
        if (!rdp->nocb_gp_rdp)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rdp->nocb_gp_kthread))
                return -EINVAL;

        pr_info("Offloading %d\n", rdp->cpu);

        WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass));
        WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&rdp->cblist));

        wake_gp = rcu_nocb_queue_toggle_rdp(rdp);
        if (wake_gp)
                wake_up_process(rdp->nocb_gp_kthread);

        swait_event_exclusive(rdp->nocb_state_wq,
                              rcu_nocb_rdp_offload_wait_cond(rdp));

        kthread_unpark(rdp->nocb_cb_kthread);

        return 0;
}

int rcu_nocb_cpu_offload(int cpu)
{
        struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
        int ret = 0;

        cpus_read_lock();
        mutex_lock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex);
        if (!rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp)) {
                if (!cpu_online(cpu)) {
                        ret = rcu_nocb_rdp_offload(rdp);
                        if (!ret)
                                cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, rcu_nocb_mask);
                } else {
                        pr_info("NOCB: Cannot CB-offload online CPU %d\n", rdp->cpu);
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                }
        }
        mutex_unlock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex);
        cpus_read_unlock();

        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_nocb_cpu_offload);

#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_LAZY
static unsigned long
lazy_rcu_shrink_count(struct shrinker *shrink, struct shrink_control *sc)
{
        int cpu;
        unsigned long count = 0;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!cpumask_available(rcu_nocb_mask)))
                return 0;

        /*  Protect rcu_nocb_mask against concurrent (de-)offloading. */
        if (!mutex_trylock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex))
                return 0;

        /* Snapshot count of all CPUs */
        for_each_cpu(cpu, rcu_nocb_mask) {
                struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);

                count +=  READ_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len);
        }

        mutex_unlock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex);

        return count ? count : SHRINK_EMPTY;
}

static unsigned long
lazy_rcu_shrink_scan(struct shrinker *shrink, struct shrink_control *sc)
{
        int cpu;
        unsigned long flags;
        unsigned long count = 0;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!cpumask_available(rcu_nocb_mask)))
                return 0;
        /*
         * Protect against concurrent (de-)offloading. Otherwise nocb locking
         * may be ignored or imbalanced.
         */
        if (!mutex_trylock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex)) {
                /*
                 * But really don't insist if nocb_mutex is contended since we
                 * can't guarantee that it will never engage in a dependency
                 * chain involving memory allocation. The lock is seldom contended
                 * anyway.
                 */
                return 0;
        }

        /* Snapshot count of all CPUs */
        for_each_cpu(cpu, rcu_nocb_mask) {
                struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
                int _count;

                if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp)))
                        continue;

                if (!READ_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len))
                        continue;

                rcu_nocb_lock_irqsave(rdp, flags);
                /*
                 * Recheck under the nocb lock. Since we are not holding the bypass
                 * lock we may still race with increments from the enqueuer but still
                 * we know for sure if there is at least one lazy callback.
                 */
                _count = READ_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len);
                if (!_count) {
                        rcu_nocb_unlock_irqrestore(rdp, flags);
                        continue;
                }
                rcu_nocb_try_flush_bypass(rdp, jiffies);
                rcu_nocb_unlock_irqrestore(rdp, flags);
                wake_nocb_gp(rdp);
                sc->nr_to_scan -= _count;
                count += _count;
                if (sc->nr_to_scan <= 0)
                        break;
        }

        mutex_unlock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex);

        return count ? count : SHRINK_STOP;
}
#endif // #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_LAZY

void __init rcu_init_nohz(void)
{
        int cpu;
        struct rcu_data *rdp;
        const struct cpumask *cpumask = NULL;
        struct shrinker * __maybe_unused lazy_rcu_shrinker;

#if defined(CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL)
        if (tick_nohz_full_running && !cpumask_empty(tick_nohz_full_mask))
                cpumask = tick_nohz_full_mask;
#endif

        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_DEFAULT_ALL) &&
            !rcu_state.nocb_is_setup && !cpumask)
                cpumask = cpu_possible_mask;

        if (cpumask) {
                if (!cpumask_available(rcu_nocb_mask)) {
                        if (!zalloc_cpumask_var(&rcu_nocb_mask, GFP_KERNEL)) {
                                pr_info("rcu_nocb_mask allocation failed, callback offloading disabled.\n");
                                return;
                        }
                }

                cpumask_or(rcu_nocb_mask, rcu_nocb_mask, cpumask);
                rcu_state.nocb_is_setup = true;
        }

        if (!rcu_state.nocb_is_setup)
                return;

#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_LAZY
        lazy_rcu_shrinker = shrinker_alloc(0, "rcu-lazy");
        if (!lazy_rcu_shrinker) {
                pr_err("Failed to allocate lazy_rcu shrinker!\n");
        } else {
                lazy_rcu_shrinker->count_objects = lazy_rcu_shrink_count;
                lazy_rcu_shrinker->scan_objects = lazy_rcu_shrink_scan;

                shrinker_register(lazy_rcu_shrinker);
        }
#endif // #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_LAZY

        if (!cpumask_subset(rcu_nocb_mask, cpu_possible_mask)) {
                pr_info("\tNote: kernel parameter 'rcu_nocbs=', 'nohz_full', or 'isolcpus=' contains nonexistent CPUs.\n");
                cpumask_and(rcu_nocb_mask, cpu_possible_mask,
                            rcu_nocb_mask);
        }
        if (cpumask_empty(rcu_nocb_mask))
                pr_info("\tOffload RCU callbacks from CPUs: (none).\n");
        else
                pr_info("\tOffload RCU callbacks from CPUs: %*pbl.\n",
                        cpumask_pr_args(rcu_nocb_mask));
        if (rcu_nocb_poll)
                pr_info("\tPoll for callbacks from no-CBs CPUs.\n");

        for_each_cpu(cpu, rcu_nocb_mask) {
                rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
                if (rcu_segcblist_empty(&rdp->cblist))
                        rcu_segcblist_init(&rdp->cblist);
                rcu_segcblist_set_flags(&rdp->cblist, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
        }
        rcu_organize_nocb_kthreads();
}

/* Initialize per-rcu_data variables for no-CBs CPUs. */
static void __init rcu_boot_init_nocb_percpu_data(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        init_swait_queue_head(&rdp->nocb_cb_wq);
        init_swait_queue_head(&rdp->nocb_gp_wq);
        init_swait_queue_head(&rdp->nocb_state_wq);
        raw_spin_lock_init(&rdp->nocb_lock);
        raw_spin_lock_init(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock);
        raw_spin_lock_init(&rdp->nocb_gp_lock);
        timer_setup(&rdp->nocb_timer, do_nocb_deferred_wakeup_timer, 0);
        rcu_cblist_init(&rdp->nocb_bypass);
        WRITE_ONCE(rdp->lazy_len, 0);
        mutex_init(&rdp->nocb_gp_kthread_mutex);
}

/*
 * If the specified CPU is a no-CBs CPU that does not already have its
 * rcuo CB kthread, spawn it.  Additionally, if the rcuo GP kthread
 * for this CPU's group has not yet been created, spawn it as well.
 */
static void rcu_spawn_cpu_nocb_kthread(int cpu)
{
        struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
        struct rcu_data *rdp_gp;
        struct task_struct *t;
        struct sched_param sp;

        if (!rcu_scheduler_fully_active || !rcu_state.nocb_is_setup)
                return;

        /* If there already is an rcuo kthread, then nothing to do. */
        if (rdp->nocb_cb_kthread)
                return;

        /* If we didn't spawn the GP kthread first, reorganize! */
        sp.sched_priority = kthread_prio;
        rdp_gp = rdp->nocb_gp_rdp;
        mutex_lock(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread_mutex);
        if (!rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread) {
                t = kthread_run(rcu_nocb_gp_kthread, rdp_gp,
                                "rcuog/%d", rdp_gp->cpu);
                if (WARN_ONCE(IS_ERR(t), "%s: Could not start rcuo GP kthread, OOM is now expected behavior\n", __func__)) {
                        mutex_unlock(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread_mutex);
                        goto err;
                }
                WRITE_ONCE(rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread, t);
                if (kthread_prio)
                        sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread_mutex);

        /* Spawn the kthread for this CPU. */
        t = kthread_create(rcu_nocb_cb_kthread, rdp,
                           "rcuo%c/%d", rcu_state.abbr, cpu);
        if (WARN_ONCE(IS_ERR(t), "%s: Could not start rcuo CB kthread, OOM is now expected behavior\n", __func__))
                goto err;

        if (rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp))
                wake_up_process(t);
        else
                kthread_park(t);

        if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU_CB_BOOST) && kthread_prio)
                sched_setscheduler_nocheck(t, SCHED_FIFO, &sp);

        WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_cb_kthread, t);
        WRITE_ONCE(rdp->nocb_gp_kthread, rdp_gp->nocb_gp_kthread);
        return;

err:
        /*
         * No need to protect against concurrent rcu_barrier()
         * because the number of callbacks should be 0 for a non-boot CPU,
         * therefore rcu_barrier() shouldn't even try to grab the nocb_lock.
         * But hold nocb_mutex to avoid nocb_lock imbalance from shrinker.
         */
        WARN_ON_ONCE(system_state > SYSTEM_BOOTING && rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&rdp->cblist));
        mutex_lock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex);
        if (rcu_rdp_is_offloaded(rdp)) {
                rcu_nocb_rdp_deoffload(rdp);
                cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, rcu_nocb_mask);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&rcu_state.nocb_mutex);
}

/* How many CB CPU IDs per GP kthread?  Default of -1 for sqrt(nr_cpu_ids). */
static int rcu_nocb_gp_stride = -1;
module_param(rcu_nocb_gp_stride, int, 0444);

/*
 * Initialize GP-CB relationships for all no-CBs CPU.
 */
static void __init rcu_organize_nocb_kthreads(void)
{
        int cpu;
        bool firsttime = true;
        bool gotnocbs = false;
        bool gotnocbscbs = true;
        int ls = rcu_nocb_gp_stride;
        int nl = 0;  /* Next GP kthread. */
        struct rcu_data *rdp;
        struct rcu_data *rdp_gp = NULL;  /* Suppress misguided gcc warn. */

        if (!cpumask_available(rcu_nocb_mask))
                return;
        if (ls == -1) {
                ls = nr_cpu_ids / int_sqrt(nr_cpu_ids);
                rcu_nocb_gp_stride = ls;
        }

        /*
         * Each pass through this loop sets up one rcu_data structure.
         * Should the corresponding CPU come online in the future, then
         * we will spawn the needed set of rcu_nocb_kthread() kthreads.
         */
        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
                rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
                if (rdp->cpu >= nl) {
                        /* New GP kthread, set up for CBs & next GP. */
                        gotnocbs = true;
                        nl = DIV_ROUND_UP(rdp->cpu + 1, ls) * ls;
                        rdp_gp = rdp;
                        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rdp->nocb_head_rdp);
                        if (dump_tree) {
                                if (!firsttime)
                                        pr_cont("%s\n", gotnocbscbs
                                                        ? "" : " (self only)");
                                gotnocbscbs = false;
                                firsttime = false;
                                pr_alert("%s: No-CB GP kthread CPU %d:",
                                         __func__, cpu);
                        }
                } else {
                        /* Another CB kthread, link to previous GP kthread. */
                        gotnocbscbs = true;
                        if (dump_tree)
                                pr_cont(" %d", cpu);
                }
                rdp->nocb_gp_rdp = rdp_gp;
                if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, rcu_nocb_mask))
                        list_add_tail(&rdp->nocb_entry_rdp, &rdp_gp->nocb_head_rdp);
        }
        if (gotnocbs && dump_tree)
                pr_cont("%s\n", gotnocbscbs ? "" : " (self only)");
}

/*
 * Bind the current task to the offloaded CPUs.  If there are no offloaded
 * CPUs, leave the task unbound.  Splat if the bind attempt fails.
 */
void rcu_bind_current_to_nocb(void)
{
        if (cpumask_available(rcu_nocb_mask) && !cpumask_empty(rcu_nocb_mask))
                WARN_ON(sched_setaffinity(current->pid, rcu_nocb_mask));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_bind_current_to_nocb);

// The ->on_cpu field is available only in CONFIG_SMP=y, so...
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static char *show_rcu_should_be_on_cpu(struct task_struct *tsp)
{
        return tsp && task_is_running(tsp) && !tsp->on_cpu ? "!" : "";
}
#else // #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static char *show_rcu_should_be_on_cpu(struct task_struct *tsp)
{
        return "";
}
#endif // #else #ifdef CONFIG_SMP

/*
 * Dump out nocb grace-period kthread state for the specified rcu_data
 * structure.
 */
static void show_rcu_nocb_gp_state(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        struct rcu_node *rnp = rdp->mynode;

        pr_info("nocb GP %d %c%c%c%c%c %c[%c%c] %c%c:%ld rnp %d:%d %lu %c CPU %d%s\n",
                rdp->cpu,
                "kK"[!!rdp->nocb_gp_kthread],
                "lL"[raw_spin_is_locked(&rdp->nocb_gp_lock)],
                "dD"[!!rdp->nocb_defer_wakeup],
                "tT"[timer_pending(&rdp->nocb_timer)],
                "sS"[!!rdp->nocb_gp_sleep],
                ".W"[swait_active(&rdp->nocb_gp_wq)],
                ".W"[swait_active(&rnp->nocb_gp_wq[0])],
                ".W"[swait_active(&rnp->nocb_gp_wq[1])],
                ".B"[!!rdp->nocb_gp_bypass],
                ".G"[!!rdp->nocb_gp_gp],
                (long)rdp->nocb_gp_seq,
                rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi, READ_ONCE(rdp->nocb_gp_loops),
                rdp->nocb_gp_kthread ? task_state_to_char(rdp->nocb_gp_kthread) : '.',
                rdp->nocb_gp_kthread ? (int)task_cpu(rdp->nocb_gp_kthread) : -1,
                show_rcu_should_be_on_cpu(rdp->nocb_gp_kthread));
}

/* Dump out nocb kthread state for the specified rcu_data structure. */
static void show_rcu_nocb_state(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        char bufd[22];
        char bufw[45];
        char bufr[45];
        char bufn[22];
        char bufb[22];
        struct rcu_data *nocb_next_rdp;
        struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp = &rdp->cblist;
        bool waslocked;
        bool wassleep;

        if (rdp->nocb_gp_rdp == rdp)
                show_rcu_nocb_gp_state(rdp);

        if (!rcu_segcblist_is_offloaded(&rdp->cblist))
                return;

        nocb_next_rdp = list_next_or_null_rcu(&rdp->nocb_gp_rdp->nocb_head_rdp,
                                              &rdp->nocb_entry_rdp,
                                              typeof(*rdp),
                                              nocb_entry_rdp);

        sprintf(bufd, "%ld", rsclp->seglen[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
        sprintf(bufw, "%ld(%ld)", rsclp->seglen[RCU_WAIT_TAIL], rsclp->gp_seq[RCU_WAIT_TAIL]);
        sprintf(bufr, "%ld(%ld)", rsclp->seglen[RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL],
                      rsclp->gp_seq[RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL]);
        sprintf(bufn, "%ld", rsclp->seglen[RCU_NEXT_TAIL]);
        sprintf(bufb, "%ld", rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass));
        pr_info("   CB %d^%d->%d %c%c%c%c%c F%ld L%ld C%d %c%s%c%s%c%s%c%s%c%s q%ld %c CPU %d%s\n",
                rdp->cpu, rdp->nocb_gp_rdp->cpu,
                nocb_next_rdp ? nocb_next_rdp->cpu : -1,
                "kK"[!!rdp->nocb_cb_kthread],
                "bB"[raw_spin_is_locked(&rdp->nocb_bypass_lock)],
                "lL"[raw_spin_is_locked(&rdp->nocb_lock)],
                "sS"[!!rdp->nocb_cb_sleep],
                ".W"[swait_active(&rdp->nocb_cb_wq)],
                jiffies - rdp->nocb_bypass_first,
                jiffies - rdp->nocb_nobypass_last,
                rdp->nocb_nobypass_count,
                ".D"[rcu_segcblist_ready_cbs(rsclp)],
                rcu_segcblist_segempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL) ? "" : bufd,
                ".W"[!rcu_segcblist_segempty(rsclp, RCU_WAIT_TAIL)],
                rcu_segcblist_segempty(rsclp, RCU_WAIT_TAIL) ? "" : bufw,
                ".R"[!rcu_segcblist_segempty(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL)],
                rcu_segcblist_segempty(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL) ? "" : bufr,
                ".N"[!rcu_segcblist_segempty(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_TAIL)],
                rcu_segcblist_segempty(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_TAIL) ? "" : bufn,
                ".B"[!!rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass)],
                !rcu_cblist_n_cbs(&rdp->nocb_bypass) ? "" : bufb,
                rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(&rdp->cblist),
                rdp->nocb_cb_kthread ? task_state_to_char(rdp->nocb_cb_kthread) : '.',
                rdp->nocb_cb_kthread ? (int)task_cpu(rdp->nocb_cb_kthread) : -1,
                show_rcu_should_be_on_cpu(rdp->nocb_cb_kthread));

        /* It is OK for GP kthreads to have GP state. */
        if (rdp->nocb_gp_rdp == rdp)
                return;

        waslocked = raw_spin_is_locked(&rdp->nocb_gp_lock);
        wassleep = swait_active(&rdp->nocb_gp_wq);
        if (!rdp->nocb_gp_sleep && !waslocked && !wassleep)
                return;  /* Nothing untoward. */

        pr_info("   nocb GP activity on CB-only CPU!!! %c%c%c %c\n",
                "lL"[waslocked],
                "dD"[!!rdp->nocb_defer_wakeup],
                "sS"[!!rdp->nocb_gp_sleep],
                ".W"[wassleep]);
}

#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU */

/* No ->nocb_lock to acquire.  */
static void rcu_nocb_lock(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
}

/* No ->nocb_lock to release.  */
static void rcu_nocb_unlock(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
}

/* No ->nocb_lock to release.  */
static void rcu_nocb_unlock_irqrestore(struct rcu_data *rdp,
                                       unsigned long flags)
{
        local_irq_restore(flags);
}

/* Lockdep check that ->cblist may be safely accessed. */
static void rcu_lockdep_assert_cblist_protected(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
}

static void rcu_nocb_gp_cleanup(struct swait_queue_head *sq)
{
}

static struct swait_queue_head *rcu_nocb_gp_get(struct rcu_node *rnp)
{
        return NULL;
}

static void rcu_init_one_nocb(struct rcu_node *rnp)
{
}

static bool wake_nocb_gp(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        return false;
}

static bool rcu_nocb_flush_bypass(struct rcu_data *rdp, struct rcu_head *rhp,
                                  unsigned long j, bool lazy)
{
        return true;
}

static void call_rcu_nocb(struct rcu_data *rdp, struct rcu_head *head,
                          rcu_callback_t func, unsigned long flags, bool lazy)
{
        WARN_ON_ONCE(1);  /* Should be dead code! */
}

static void __call_rcu_nocb_wake(struct rcu_data *rdp, bool was_empty,
                                 unsigned long flags)
{
        WARN_ON_ONCE(1);  /* Should be dead code! */
}

static void __init rcu_boot_init_nocb_percpu_data(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
}

static int rcu_nocb_need_deferred_wakeup(struct rcu_data *rdp, int level)
{
        return false;
}

static bool do_nocb_deferred_wakeup(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        return false;
}

static void rcu_spawn_cpu_nocb_kthread(int cpu)
{
}

static void show_rcu_nocb_state(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
}

#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU */