// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
/*
 * RCU CPU stall warnings for normal RCU grace periods
 *
 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2019
 *
 * Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
 */

#include <linux/console.h>
#include <linux/kvm_para.h>
#include <linux/rcu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Controlling CPU stall warnings, including delay calculation.

/* panic() on RCU Stall sysctl. */
static int sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall __read_mostly;
static int sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic __read_mostly;

static const struct ctl_table rcu_stall_sysctl_table[] = {
        {
                .procname       = "panic_on_rcu_stall",
                .data           = &sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall,
                .maxlen         = sizeof(sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall),
                .mode           = 0644,
                .proc_handler   = proc_dointvec_minmax,
                .extra1         = SYSCTL_ZERO,
                .extra2         = SYSCTL_ONE,
        },
        {
                .procname       = "max_rcu_stall_to_panic",
                .data           = &sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic,
                .maxlen         = sizeof(sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic),
                .mode           = 0644,
                .proc_handler   = proc_dointvec_minmax,
                .extra1         = SYSCTL_ONE,
                .extra2         = SYSCTL_INT_MAX,
        },
};

static int __init init_rcu_stall_sysctl(void)
{
        register_sysctl_init("kernel", rcu_stall_sysctl_table);
        return 0;
}

subsys_initcall(init_rcu_stall_sysctl);

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS

static unsigned int rcu_stall_count;

static ssize_t rcu_stall_count_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                    char *page)
{
        return sysfs_emit(page, "%u\n", rcu_stall_count);
}

static struct kobj_attribute rcu_stall_count_attr = __ATTR_RO(rcu_stall_count);

static __init int kernel_rcu_stall_sysfs_init(void)
{
        sysfs_add_file_to_group(kernel_kobj, &rcu_stall_count_attr.attr, NULL);
        return 0;
}

late_initcall(kernel_rcu_stall_sysfs_init);

#endif // CONFIG_SYSFS

#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
#define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA           (5 * HZ)
#else
#define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA           0
#endif
#define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_DIV             8
#define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN             (2 * HZ)

int rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
{
        int cpu_stall_timeout = READ_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout);
        int exp_stall_delay_delta = 0;
        int till_stall_check;

        // Zero says to use rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, but in milliseconds.
        if (!cpu_stall_timeout)
                cpu_stall_timeout = jiffies_to_msecs(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check());

        // Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits for
        // CONFIG_RCU_EXP_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT, so check the allowed range.
        // The minimum clamped value is "2UL", because at least one full
        // tick has to be guaranteed.
        till_stall_check = clamp(msecs_to_jiffies(cpu_stall_timeout), 2UL, 300UL * HZ);

        if (cpu_stall_timeout && jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check) != cpu_stall_timeout)
                WRITE_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout, jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check));

#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
        /* Add extra ~25% out of till_stall_check. */
        exp_stall_delay_delta = ((till_stall_check * 25) / 100) + 1;
#endif

        return till_stall_check + exp_stall_delay_delta;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check);

/* Limit-check stall timeouts specified at boottime and runtime. */
int rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
{
        int till_stall_check = READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout);

        /*
         * Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits
         * for CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT.
         */
        if (till_stall_check < 3) {
                WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 3);
                till_stall_check = 3;
        } else if (till_stall_check > 300) {
                WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 300);
                till_stall_check = 300;
        }
        return till_stall_check * HZ + RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check);

/* Don't do RCU CPU stall warnings during long sysrq printouts. */
void rcu_sysrq_start(void)
{
        if (!rcu_cpu_stall_suppress)
                rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 2;
}

void rcu_sysrq_end(void)
{
        if (rcu_cpu_stall_suppress == 2)
                rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 0;
}

/* Don't print RCU CPU stall warnings during a kernel panic. */
static int rcu_panic(struct notifier_block *this, unsigned long ev, void *ptr)
{
        rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 1;
        return NOTIFY_DONE;
}

static struct notifier_block rcu_panic_block = {
        .notifier_call = rcu_panic,
};

static int __init check_cpu_stall_init(void)
{
        atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list, &rcu_panic_block);
        return 0;
}
early_initcall(check_cpu_stall_init);

/* If so specified via sysctl, panic, yielding cleaner stall-warning output. */
static void panic_on_rcu_stall(void)
{
        static int cpu_stall;

        /*
         * Attempt to kick out the BPF scheduler if it's installed and defer
         * the panic to give the system a chance to recover.
         */
        if (scx_rcu_cpu_stall())
                return;

        if (++cpu_stall < sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic)
                return;

        if (sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall)
                panic("RCU Stall\n");
}

/**
 * rcu_cpu_stall_reset - restart stall-warning timeout for current grace period
 *
 * To perform the reset request from the caller, disable stall detection until
 * 3 fqs loops have passed. This is required to ensure a fresh jiffies is
 * loaded.  It should be safe to do from the fqs loop as enough timer
 * interrupts and context switches should have passed.
 *
 * The caller must disable hard irqs.
 */
void rcu_cpu_stall_reset(void)
{
        WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 3);
        WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, ULONG_MAX);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Interaction with RCU grace periods

/* Start of new grace period, so record stall time (and forcing times). */
static void record_gp_stall_check_time(void)
{
        unsigned long j = jiffies;
        unsigned long j1;

        WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start, j);
        j1 = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check();
        smp_mb(); // ->gp_start before ->jiffies_stall and caller's ->gp_seq.
        WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 0);
        WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, j + j1);
        rcu_state.jiffies_resched = j + j1 / 2;
        rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.n_force_qs);
}

/* Zero ->ticks_this_gp and snapshot the number of RCU softirq handlers. */
static void zero_cpu_stall_ticks(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        rdp->ticks_this_gp = 0;
        rdp->softirq_snap = kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, smp_processor_id());
        WRITE_ONCE(rdp->last_fqs_resched, jiffies);
}

/*
 * If too much time has passed in the current grace period, and if
 * so configured, go kick the relevant kthreads.
 */
static void rcu_stall_kick_kthreads(void)
{
        unsigned long j;

        if (!READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads))
                return;
        j = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads);
        if (time_after(jiffies, j) && rcu_state.gp_kthread &&
            (rcu_gp_in_progress() || READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags))) {
                WARN_ONCE(1, "Kicking %s grace-period kthread\n",
                          rcu_state.name);
                rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
                wake_up_process(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
                WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads, j + HZ);
        }
}

/*
 * Handler for the irq_work request posted about halfway into the RCU CPU
 * stall timeout, and used to detect excessive irq disabling.  Set state
 * appropriately, but just complain if there is unexpected state on entry.
 */
static void rcu_iw_handler(struct irq_work *iwp)
{
        struct rcu_data *rdp;
        struct rcu_node *rnp;

        rdp = container_of(iwp, struct rcu_data, rcu_iw);
        rnp = rdp->mynode;
        raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
        if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!rdp->rcu_iw_pending)) {
                rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq = rnp->gp_seq;
                rdp->rcu_iw_pending = false;
        }
        raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Printing RCU CPU stall warnings

#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU

/*
 * Dump detailed information for all tasks blocking the current RCU
 * grace period on the specified rcu_node structure.
 */
static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct task_struct *t;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
        if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                return;
        }
        t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
                       struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
        list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
                /*
                 * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.
                 * Avoid triggering hard lockup.
                 */
                touch_nmi_watchdog();
                sched_show_task(t);
        }
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
}

// Communicate task state back to the RCU CPU stall warning request.
struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr {
        int nesting;
        union rcu_special rs;
        bool on_blkd_list;
};

/*
 * Report out the state of a not-running task that is stalling the
 * current RCU grace period.
 */
static int check_slow_task(struct task_struct *t, void *arg)
{
        struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr *rscrp = arg;

        if (task_curr(t))
                return -EBUSY; // It is running, so decline to inspect it.
        rscrp->nesting = t->rcu_read_lock_nesting;
        rscrp->rs = t->rcu_read_unlock_special;
        rscrp->on_blkd_list = !list_empty(&t->rcu_node_entry);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Scan the current list of tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical
 * sections, printing out the tid of each of the first few of them.
 */
static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
        __releases(rnp->lock)
{
        int i = 0;
        int ndetected = 0;
        struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr rscr;
        struct task_struct *t;
        struct task_struct *ts[8];

        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
        if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                return 0;
        }
        pr_err("\tTasks blocked on level-%d rcu_node (CPUs %d-%d):",
               rnp->level, rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi);
        t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
                       struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
        list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
                get_task_struct(t);
                ts[i++] = t;
                if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(ts))
                        break;
        }
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
        while (i) {
                t = ts[--i];
                if (task_call_func(t, check_slow_task, &rscr))
                        pr_cont(" P%d", t->pid);
                else
                        pr_cont(" P%d/%d:%c%c%c%c",
                                t->pid, rscr.nesting,
                                ".b"[rscr.rs.b.blocked],
                                ".q"[rscr.rs.b.need_qs],
                                ".e"[rscr.rs.b.exp_hint],
                                ".l"[rscr.on_blkd_list]);
                lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
                put_task_struct(t);
                ndetected++;
        }
        pr_cont("\n");
        return ndetected;
}

#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */

/*
 * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
 * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
 */
static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
{
}

/*
 * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
 * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
 */
static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
        __releases(rnp->lock)
{
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
        return 0;
}
#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */

/*
 * Dump stacks of all tasks running on stalled CPUs.  First try using
 * NMIs, but fall back to manual remote stack tracing on architectures
 * that don't support NMI-based stack dumps.  The NMI-triggered stack
 * traces are more accurate because they are printed by the target CPU.
 */
static void rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(unsigned long gp_seq)
{
        int cpu;
        unsigned long flags;
        struct rcu_node *rnp;

        rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
                printk_deferred_enter();
                for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
                        if (gp_seq != data_race(rcu_state.gp_seq)) {
                                printk_deferred_exit();
                                pr_err("INFO: Stall ended during stack backtracing.\n");
                                return;
                        }
                        if (!(data_race(rnp->qsmask) & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)))
                                continue;
                        raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                        if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
                                if (cpu_is_offline(cpu))
                                        pr_err("Offline CPU %d blocking current GP.\n", cpu);
                                else
                                        dump_cpu_task(cpu);
                        }
                        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                }
                printk_deferred_exit();
        }
}

static const char * const gp_state_names[] = {
        [RCU_GP_IDLE] = "RCU_GP_IDLE",
        [RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS",
        [RCU_GP_DONE_GPS] = "RCU_GP_DONE_GPS",
        [RCU_GP_ONOFF] = "RCU_GP_ONOFF",
        [RCU_GP_INIT] = "RCU_GP_INIT",
        [RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS",
        [RCU_GP_DOING_FQS] = "RCU_GP_DOING_FQS",
        [RCU_GP_CLEANUP] = "RCU_GP_CLEANUP",
        [RCU_GP_CLEANED] = "RCU_GP_CLEANED",
};

/*
 * Convert a ->gp_state value to a character string.
 */
static const char *gp_state_getname(short gs)
{
        if (gs < 0 || gs >= ARRAY_SIZE(gp_state_names))
                return "???";
        return gp_state_names[gs];
}

/* Is the RCU grace-period kthread being starved of CPU time? */
static bool rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(unsigned long *jp)
{
        unsigned long j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity);

        if (jp)
                *jp = j;
        return j > 2 * HZ;
}

static bool rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(struct rcu_data *rdp, unsigned long *jp)
{
        int cpu;
        struct task_struct *rcuc;
        unsigned long j;

        rcuc = rdp->rcu_cpu_kthread_task;
        if (!rcuc)
                return false;

        cpu = task_cpu(rcuc);
        if (cpu_is_offline(cpu) || idle_cpu(cpu))
                return false;

        j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rdp->rcuc_activity);

        if (jp)
                *jp = j;
        return j > 2 * HZ;
}

static void print_cpu_stat_info(int cpu)
{
        struct rcu_snap_record rsr, *rsrp;
        struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
        struct kernel_cpustat *kcsp = &kcpustat_cpu(cpu);

        if (!rcu_cpu_stall_cputime)
                return;

        rsrp = &rdp->snap_record;
        if (rsrp->gp_seq != rdp->gp_seq)
                return;

        rsr.cputime_irq     = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_IRQ, cpu);
        rsr.cputime_softirq = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SOFTIRQ, cpu);
        rsr.cputime_system  = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SYSTEM, cpu);

        pr_err("\t         hardirqs   softirqs   csw/system\n");
        pr_err("\t number: %8lld %10d %12lld\n",
                kstat_cpu_irqs_sum(cpu) + arch_irq_stat_cpu(cpu) - rsrp->nr_hardirqs,
                kstat_cpu_softirqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_softirqs,
                nr_context_switches_cpu(cpu) - rsrp->nr_csw);
        pr_err("\tcputime: %8lld %10lld %12lld   ==> %d(ms)\n",
                div_u64(rsr.cputime_irq - rsrp->cputime_irq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
                div_u64(rsr.cputime_softirq - rsrp->cputime_softirq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
                div_u64(rsr.cputime_system - rsrp->cputime_system, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
                jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - rsrp->jiffies));
}

/*
 * Print out diagnostic information for the specified stalled CPU.
 *
 * If the specified CPU is aware of the current RCU grace period, then
 * print the number of scheduling clock interrupts the CPU has taken
 * during the time that it has been aware.  Otherwise, print the number
 * of RCU grace periods that this CPU is ignorant of, for example, "1"
 * if the CPU was aware of the previous grace period.
 *
 * Also print out idle info.
 */
static void print_cpu_stall_info(int cpu)
{
        unsigned long delta;
        bool falsepositive;
        struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
        char *ticks_title;
        unsigned long ticks_value;
        bool rcuc_starved;
        unsigned long j;
        char buf[32];

        /*
         * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.  Avoid
         * triggering hard lockup.
         */
        touch_nmi_watchdog();

        ticks_value = rcu_seq_ctr(rcu_state.gp_seq - rdp->gp_seq);
        if (ticks_value) {
                ticks_title = "GPs behind";
        } else {
                ticks_title = "ticks this GP";
                ticks_value = rdp->ticks_this_gp;
        }
        delta = rcu_seq_ctr(rdp->mynode->gp_seq - rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq);
        falsepositive = rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(NULL) &&
                        rcu_watching_snap_in_eqs(ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu));
        rcuc_starved = rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(rdp, &j);
        if (rcuc_starved)
                // Print signed value, as negative values indicate a probable bug.
                snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " rcuc=%ld jiffies(starved)", j);
        pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%04x/%ld/%#lx softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld%s%s\n",
               cpu,
               "O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
               "o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinit)],
               "N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinitnext)],
               !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) ? '?' :
                        rdp->rcu_iw_pending ? (int)min(delta, 9UL) + '0' :
                                "!."[!delta],
               ticks_value, ticks_title,
               ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu) & 0xffff,
               ct_nesting_cpu(cpu), ct_nmi_nesting_cpu(cpu),
               rdp->softirq_snap, kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, cpu),
               data_race(rcu_state.n_force_qs) - rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart,
               rcuc_starved ? buf : "",
               falsepositive ? " (false positive?)" : "");

        print_cpu_stat_info(cpu);
}

/* Complain about starvation of grace-period kthread.  */
static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation(void)
{
        int cpu;
        struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
        unsigned long j;

        if (rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(&j)) {
                cpu = gpk ? task_cpu(gpk) : -1;
                pr_err("%s kthread starved for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x ->cpu=%d\n",
                       rcu_state.name, j,
                       (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
                       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)),
                       gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
                       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
                       gpk ? data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)) : ~0, cpu);
                if (gpk) {
                        struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);

                        pr_err("\tUnless %s kthread gets sufficient CPU time, OOM is now expected behavior.\n", rcu_state.name);
                        pr_err("RCU grace-period kthread stack dump:\n");
                        sched_show_task(gpk);
                        if (cpu_is_offline(cpu)) {
                                pr_err("RCU GP kthread last ran on offline CPU %d.\n", cpu);
                        } else if (!(data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->mynode->qsmask)) & rdp->grpmask)) {
                                pr_err("Stack dump where RCU GP kthread last ran:\n");
                                dump_cpu_task(cpu);
                        }
                        wake_up_process(gpk);
                }
        }
}

/* Complain about missing wakeups from expired fqs wait timer */
static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer(void)
{
        struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
        short gp_state;
        unsigned long jiffies_fqs;
        int cpu;

        /*
         * Order reads of .gp_state and .jiffies_force_qs.
         * Matching smp_wmb() is present in rcu_gp_fqs_loop().
         */
        gp_state = smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_state);
        jiffies_fqs = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_force_qs);

        if (gp_state == RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS &&
            time_after(jiffies, jiffies_fqs + RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN) &&
            gpk && !READ_ONCE(gpk->on_rq)) {
                cpu = task_cpu(gpk);
                pr_err("%s kthread timer wakeup didn't happen for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x\n",
                       rcu_state.name, (jiffies - jiffies_fqs),
                       (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
                       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)), // Diagnostic read
                       gp_state_getname(RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS), RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS,
                       data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)));
                pr_err("\tPossible timer handling issue on cpu=%d timer-softirq=%u\n",
                       cpu, kstat_softirqs_cpu(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, cpu));
        }
}

static void print_other_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
{
        int cpu;
        unsigned long flags;
        unsigned long gpa;
        unsigned long j;
        int ndetected = 0;
        struct rcu_node *rnp;
        long totqlen = 0;

        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();

        /* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
        rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
        if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
                return;

        nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();

        /*
         * OK, time to rat on our buddy...
         * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
         * RCU CPU stall warnings.
         */
        trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("StallDetected"));
        pr_err("INFO: %s detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:\n", rcu_state.name);
        rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
                raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                if (rnp->qsmask != 0) {
                        for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu)
                                if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
                                        print_cpu_stall_info(cpu);
                                        ndetected++;
                                }
                }
                ndetected += rcu_print_task_stall(rnp, flags); // Releases rnp->lock.
                lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
        }

        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
                totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
        pr_err("\t(detected by %d, t=%ld jiffies, g=%ld, q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
               smp_processor_id(), (long)(jiffies - gps),
               (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
               data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read
        if (ndetected) {
                rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(gp_seq);

                /* Complain about tasks blocking the grace period. */
                rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp)
                        rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(rnp);
        } else {
                if (rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq) != gp_seq) {
                        pr_err("INFO: Stall ended before state dump start\n");
                } else {
                        j = jiffies;
                        gpa = data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
                        pr_err("All QSes seen, last %s kthread activity %ld (%ld-%ld), jiffies_till_next_fqs=%ld, root ->qsmask %#lx\n",
                               rcu_state.name, j - gpa, j, gpa,
                               data_race(READ_ONCE(jiffies_till_next_fqs)),
                               data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->qsmask)));
                }
        }
        /* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
        if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
                WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
                           jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);

        rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
        rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();

        nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();

        panic_on_rcu_stall();

        rcu_force_quiescent_state();  /* Kick them all. */
}

static void print_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
{
        int cpu;
        unsigned long flags;
        struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
        struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root();
        long totqlen = 0;

        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();

        /* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
        rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
        if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
                return;

        nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();

        /*
         * OK, time to rat on ourselves...
         * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
         * RCU CPU stall warnings.
         */
        trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("SelfDetected"));
        pr_err("INFO: %s self-detected stall on CPU\n", rcu_state.name);
        raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
        print_cpu_stall_info(smp_processor_id());
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
                totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
        pr_err("\t(t=%lu jiffies g=%ld q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
                jiffies - gps,
                (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
                data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read

        rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
        rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();

        rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(gp_seq);

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
        /* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
        if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
                WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
                           jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);

        nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();

        panic_on_rcu_stall();

        /*
         * Attempt to revive the RCU machinery by forcing a context switch.
         *
         * A context switch would normally allow the RCU state machine to make
         * progress and it could be we're stuck in kernel space without context
         * switches for an entirely unreasonable amount of time.
         */
        set_need_resched_current();
}

static bool csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall;
module_param(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall, bool, 0644);

static void check_cpu_stall(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
        bool self_detected;
        unsigned long gs1;
        unsigned long gs2;
        unsigned long gps;
        unsigned long j;
        unsigned long jn;
        unsigned long js;
        struct rcu_node *rnp;

        lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
        if ((rcu_stall_is_suppressed() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads)) ||
            !rcu_gp_in_progress())
                return;
        rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();

        /*
         * Check if it was requested (via rcu_cpu_stall_reset()) that the FQS
         * loop has to set jiffies to ensure a non-stale jiffies value. This
         * is required to have good jiffies value after coming out of long
         * breaks of jiffies updates. Not doing so can cause false positives.
         */
        if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall) > 0)
                return;

        j = jiffies;

        /*
         * Lots of memory barriers to reject false positives.
         *
         * The idea is to pick up rcu_state.gp_seq, then
         * rcu_state.jiffies_stall, then rcu_state.gp_start, and finally
         * another copy of rcu_state.gp_seq.  These values are updated in
         * the opposite order with memory barriers (or equivalent) during
         * grace-period initialization and cleanup.  Now, a false positive
         * can occur if we get an new value of rcu_state.gp_start and a old
         * value of rcu_state.jiffies_stall.  But given the memory barriers,
         * the only way that this can happen is if one grace period ends
         * and another starts between these two fetches.  This is detected
         * by comparing the second fetch of rcu_state.gp_seq with the
         * previous fetch from rcu_state.gp_seq.
         *
         * Given this check, comparisons of jiffies, rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
         * and rcu_state.gp_start suffice to forestall false positives.
         */
        gs1 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
        smp_rmb(); /* Pick up ->gp_seq first... */
        js = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall);
        smp_rmb(); /* ...then ->jiffies_stall before the rest... */
        gps = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start);
        smp_rmb(); /* ...and finally ->gp_start before ->gp_seq again. */
        gs2 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
        if (gs1 != gs2 ||
            ULONG_CMP_LT(j, js) ||
            ULONG_CMP_GE(gps, js) ||
            !rcu_seq_state(gs2))
                return; /* No stall or GP completed since entering function. */
        rnp = rdp->mynode;
        jn = jiffies + ULONG_MAX / 2;
        self_detected = READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask) & rdp->grpmask;
        if (rcu_gp_in_progress() &&
            (self_detected || ULONG_CMP_GE(j, js + RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY)) &&
            cmpxchg(&rcu_state.jiffies_stall, js, jn) == js) {
                /*
                 * If a virtual machine is stopped by the host it can look to
                 * the watchdog like an RCU stall. Check to see if the host
                 * stopped the vm.
                 */
                if (kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused())
                        return;

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
                ++rcu_stall_count;
#endif

                rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM, (void *)j - gps);
                if (READ_ONCE(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall) && csd_lock_is_stuck()) {
                        pr_err("INFO: %s detected stall, but suppressed full report due to a stuck CSD-lock.\n", rcu_state.name);
                } else if (self_detected) {
                        /* We haven't checked in, so go dump stack. */
                        print_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
                } else {
                        /* They had a few time units to dump stack, so complain. */
                        print_other_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
                }

                if (READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_ftrace_dump))
                        rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);

                if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall) == jn) {
                        jn = jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3;
                        WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, jn);
                }
        }
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// RCU forward-progress mechanisms, including for callback invocation.


/*
 * Check to see if a failure to end RCU priority inversion was due to
 * a CPU not passing through a quiescent state.  When this happens, there
 * is nothing that RCU priority boosting can do to help, so we shouldn't
 * count this as an RCU priority boosting failure.  A return of true says
 * RCU priority boosting is to blame, and false says otherwise.  If false
 * is returned, the first of the CPUs to blame is stored through cpup.
 * If there was no CPU blocking the current grace period, but also nothing
 * in need of being boosted, *cpup is set to -1.  This can happen in case
 * of vCPU preemption while the last CPU is reporting its quiscent state,
 * for example.
 *
 * If cpup is NULL, then a lockless quick check is carried out, suitable
 * for high-rate usage.  On the other hand, if cpup is non-NULL, each
 * rcu_node structure's ->lock is acquired, ruling out high-rate usage.
 */
bool rcu_check_boost_fail(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup)
{
        bool atb = false;
        int cpu;
        unsigned long flags;
        struct rcu_node *rnp;

        rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
                if (!cpup) {
                        if (data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask))) {
                                return false;
                        } else {
                                if (READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))
                                        atb = true;
                                continue;
                        }
                }
                *cpup = -1;
                raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                if (rnp->gp_tasks)
                        atb = true;
                if (!rnp->qsmask) {
                        // No CPUs without quiescent states for this rnp.
                        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                        continue;
                }
                // Find the first holdout CPU.
                for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
                        if (rnp->qsmask & (1UL << (cpu - rnp->grplo))) {
                                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                                *cpup = cpu;
                                return false;
                        }
                }
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
        }
        // Can't blame CPUs, so must blame RCU priority boosting.
        return atb;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_check_boost_fail);

/*
 * Show the state of the grace-period kthreads.
 */
void show_rcu_gp_kthreads(void)
{
        unsigned long cbs = 0;
        int cpu;
        unsigned long j;
        unsigned long ja;
        unsigned long jr;
        unsigned long js;
        unsigned long jw;
        struct rcu_data *rdp;
        struct rcu_node *rnp;
        struct task_struct *t = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_kthread);

        j = jiffies;
        ja = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
        jr = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity));
        js = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start));
        jw = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_time));
        pr_info("%s: wait state: %s(%d) ->state: %#x ->rt_priority %u delta ->gp_start %lu ->gp_activity %lu ->gp_req_activity %lu ->gp_wake_time %lu ->gp_wake_seq %ld ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->gp_max %lu ->gp_flags %#x\n",
                rcu_state.name, gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
                data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
                t ? data_race(READ_ONCE(t->__state)) : 0x1ffff, t ? t->rt_priority : 0xffU,
                js, ja, jr, jw, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_seq)),
                (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq)),
                (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->gp_seq_needed)),
                data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_max)),
                data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)));
        rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rnp) {
                if (ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq), READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)) &&
                    !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks)) &&
                    !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks)))
                        continue;
                pr_info("\trcu_node %d:%d ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->qsmask %#lx %c%c%c%c ->n_boosts %ld\n",
                        rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
                        (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq)),
                        (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)),
                        data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)),
                        ".b"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_kthread_task))],
                        ".B"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks))],
                        ".E"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks))],
                        ".G"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))],
                        data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->n_boosts)));
                if (!rcu_is_leaf_node(rnp))
                        continue;
                for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
                        rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
                        if (READ_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap) ||
                            ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq),
                                         READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)))
                                continue;
                        pr_info("\tcpu %d ->gp_seq_needed %ld\n",
                                cpu, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)));
                }
        }
        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
                rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
                cbs += data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->n_cbs_invoked));
                show_rcu_nocb_state(rdp);
        }
        pr_info("RCU callbacks invoked since boot: %lu\n", cbs);
        show_rcu_tasks_gp_kthreads();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(show_rcu_gp_kthreads);

/*
 * This function checks for grace-period requests that fail to motivate
 * RCU to come out of its idle mode.
 */
static void rcu_check_gp_start_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, struct rcu_data *rdp,
                                     const unsigned long gpssdelay)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        unsigned long j;
        struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root();
        static atomic_t warned = ATOMIC_INIT(0);

        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU) || rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
            ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
                         READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
            !smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_kthread)) // Get stable kthread.
                return;
        j = jiffies; /* Expensive access, and in common case don't get here. */
        if (time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
            time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
            atomic_read(&warned))
                return;

        raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
        j = jiffies;
        if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
            ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
                         READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
            time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
            time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
            atomic_read(&warned)) {
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                return;
        }
        /* Hold onto the leaf lock to make others see warned==1. */

        if (rnp_root != rnp)
                raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp_root); /* irqs already disabled. */
        j = jiffies;
        if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
            ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
                         READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
            time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
            time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
            atomic_xchg(&warned, 1)) {
                if (rnp_root != rnp)
                        /* irqs remain disabled. */
                        raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
                raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
                return;
        }
        WARN_ON(1);
        if (rnp_root != rnp)
                raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
        show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
}

/*
 * Do a forward-progress check for rcutorture.  This is normally invoked
 * due to an OOM event.  The argument "j" gives the time period during
 * which rcutorture would like progress to have been made.
 */
void rcu_fwd_progress_check(unsigned long j)
{
        unsigned long cbs;
        int cpu;
        unsigned long max_cbs = 0;
        int max_cpu = -1;
        struct rcu_data *rdp;

        if (rcu_gp_in_progress()) {
                pr_info("%s: GP age %lu jiffies\n",
                        __func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start)));
                show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
        } else {
                pr_info("%s: Last GP end %lu jiffies ago\n",
                        __func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_end)));
                preempt_disable();
                rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
                rcu_check_gp_start_stall(rdp->mynode, rdp, j);
                preempt_enable();
        }
        for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
                cbs = rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
                if (!cbs)
                        continue;
                if (max_cpu < 0)
                        pr_info("%s: callbacks", __func__);
                pr_cont(" %d: %lu", cpu, cbs);
                if (cbs <= max_cbs)
                        continue;
                max_cbs = cbs;
                max_cpu = cpu;
        }
        if (max_cpu >= 0)
                pr_cont("\n");
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_fwd_progress_check);

/* Commandeer a sysrq key to dump RCU's tree. */
static bool sysrq_rcu;
module_param(sysrq_rcu, bool, 0444);

/* Dump grace-period-request information due to commandeered sysrq. */
static void sysrq_show_rcu(u8 key)
{
        show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
}

static const struct sysrq_key_op sysrq_rcudump_op = {
        .handler = sysrq_show_rcu,
        .help_msg = "show-rcu(y)",
        .action_msg = "Show RCU tree",
        .enable_mask = SYSRQ_ENABLE_DUMP,
};

static int __init rcu_sysrq_init(void)
{
        if (sysrq_rcu)
                return register_sysrq_key('y', &sysrq_rcudump_op);
        return 0;
}
early_initcall(rcu_sysrq_init);

#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// RCU CPU stall-warning notifiers

static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list);

/**
 * rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register - Add an RCU CPU stall notifier
 * @n: Entry to add.
 *
 * Adds an RCU CPU stall notifier to an atomic notifier chain.
 * The @action passed to a notifier will be @RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM or
 * friends.  The @data will be the duration of the stalled grace period,
 * in jiffies, coerced to a void* pointer.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, %-EEXIST on error.
 */
int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register(struct notifier_block *n)
{
        int rcsn = rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers;

        WARN(1, "Adding %pS() to RCU stall notifier list (%s).\n", n->notifier_call,
             rcsn ? "possibly suppressing RCU CPU stall warnings" : "failed, so all is well");
        if (rcsn)
                return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
        return -EEXIST;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register);

/**
 * rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister - Remove an RCU CPU stall notifier
 * @n: Entry to add.
 *
 * Removes an RCU CPU stall notifier from an atomic notifier chain.
 *
 * Returns zero on success, %-ENOENT on failure.
 */
int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister(struct notifier_block *n)
{
        return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister);

/*
 * rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain - Call functions in an RCU CPU stall notifier chain
 * @val: Value passed unmodified to notifier function
 * @v: Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
 *
 * Calls each function in the RCU CPU stall notifier chain in turn, which
 * is an atomic call chain.  See atomic_notifier_call_chain() for more
 * information.
 *
 * This is for use within RCU, hence the omission of the extra asterisk
 * to indicate a non-kerneldoc format header comment.
 */
int rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(unsigned long val, void *v)
{
        return atomic_notifier_call_chain(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, val, v);
}

#endif // #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER