/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2004, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright 2018 Joyent, Inc.
 * Copyright 2025 OmniOS Community Edition (OmniOSce) Association.
 */

/*
 * method.c - method execution functions
 *
 * This file contains the routines needed to run a method:  a fork(2)-exec(2)
 * invocation monitored using either the contract filesystem or waitpid(3C).
 * (Plain fork1(2) support is provided in fork.c.)
 *
 * Contract Transfer
 *   When we restart a service, we want to transfer any contracts that the old
 *   service's contract inherited.  This means that (a) we must not abandon the
 *   old contract when the service dies and (b) we must write the id of the old
 *   contract into the terms of the new contract.  There should be limits to
 *   (a), though, since we don't want to keep the contract around forever.  To
 *   this end we'll say that services in the offline state may have a contract
 *   to be transfered and services in the disabled or maintenance states cannot.
 *   This means that when a service transitions from online (or degraded) to
 *   offline, the contract should be preserved, and when the service transitions
 *   from offline to online (i.e., the start method), we'll transfer inherited
 *   contracts.
 */

#include <sys/contract/process.h>
#include <sys/ctfs.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <alloca.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <libcontract.h>
#include <libcontract_priv.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <librestart.h>
#include <libscf.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <port.h>
#include <sac.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <atomic.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <libscf_priv.h>

#include "startd.h"

#define SBIN_SH         "/sbin/sh"

/*
 * Used to tell if contracts are in the process of being
 * stored into the svc.startd internal hash table.
 */
volatile uint16_t       storing_contract = 0;

/*
 * Mapping from restart_on method-type to contract events.  Must correspond to
 * enum method_restart_t.
 */
static uint_t method_events[] = {
        /* METHOD_RESTART_ALL */
        CT_PR_EV_HWERR | CT_PR_EV_SIGNAL | CT_PR_EV_CORE | CT_PR_EV_EMPTY,
        /* METHOD_RESTART_EXTERNAL_FAULT */
        CT_PR_EV_HWERR | CT_PR_EV_SIGNAL,
        /* METHOD_RESTART_ANY_FAULT */
        CT_PR_EV_HWERR | CT_PR_EV_SIGNAL | CT_PR_EV_CORE
};

/*
 * method_record_start(restarter_inst_t *)
 *   Record a service start for rate limiting.  Place the current time
 *   in the circular array of instance starts.
 */
static void
method_record_start(restarter_inst_t *inst)
{
        int index = inst->ri_start_index++ % RINST_START_TIMES;

        inst->ri_start_time[index] = gethrtime();
}

/*
 * method_rate_critical(restarter_inst_t *)
 *    Return true if the average start interval is less than the permitted
 *    interval.  The implicit interval defaults to RINST_FAILURE_RATE_NS and
 *    RINST_START_TIMES but may be overridden with the svc properties
 *    startd/critical_failure_count and startd/critical_failure_period
 *    which represent the number of failures to consider and the amount of
 *    time in seconds in which that number may occur, respectively. Note that
 *    this time is measured as of the transition to 'enabled' rather than wall
 *    clock time.
 *    Implicit success if insufficient measurements for an average exist.
 */
int
method_rate_critical(restarter_inst_t *inst)
{
        hrtime_t critical_failure_period;
        uint_t critical_failure_count = RINST_START_TIMES;
        uint_t n = inst->ri_start_index;
        hrtime_t avg_ns = 0;
        uint64_t scf_fr, scf_st;
        scf_propvec_t *prop = NULL;
        scf_propvec_t restart_critical[] = {
                { "critical_failure_period", NULL, SCF_TYPE_INTEGER, NULL, 0 },
                { "critical_failure_count", NULL, SCF_TYPE_INTEGER, NULL, 0 },
                { NULL }
        };

        if (instance_is_wait_style(inst))
                critical_failure_period = RINST_WT_SVC_FAILURE_RATE_NS;
        else
                critical_failure_period = RINST_FAILURE_RATE_NS;

        restart_critical[0].pv_ptr = &scf_fr;
        restart_critical[1].pv_ptr = &scf_st;

        if (scf_read_propvec(inst->ri_i.i_fmri, "startd",
            B_TRUE, restart_critical, &prop) != SCF_FAILED) {
                /*
                 * critical_failure_period is expressed
                 * in seconds but tracked in ns
                 */
                critical_failure_period = (hrtime_t)scf_fr * NANOSEC;
                critical_failure_count = (uint_t)scf_st;
        }
        if (inst->ri_start_index < critical_failure_count)
                return (0);

        avg_ns =
            (inst->ri_start_time[(n - 1) % critical_failure_count] -
            inst->ri_start_time[n % critical_failure_count]) /
            (critical_failure_count - 1);

        return (avg_ns < critical_failure_period);
}

/*
 * int method_is_transient()
 *   Determine if the method for the given instance is transient,
 *   from a contract perspective. Return 1 if it is, and 0 if it isn't.
 */
static int
method_is_transient(restarter_inst_t *inst, int type)
{
        if (instance_is_transient_style(inst) || type != METHOD_START)
                return (1);
        else
                return (0);
}

/*
 * void method_store_contract()
 *   Store the newly created contract id into local structures and
 *   the repository.  If the repository connection is broken it is rebound.
 */
static void
method_store_contract(restarter_inst_t *inst, int type, ctid_t *cid)
{
        int r;
        boolean_t primary;

        if (errno = contract_latest(cid))
                uu_die("%s: Couldn't get new contract's id", inst->ri_i.i_fmri);

        primary = !method_is_transient(inst, type);

        if (!primary) {
                if (inst->ri_i.i_transient_ctid != 0) {
                        log_framework(LOG_INFO,
                            "%s: transient ctid expected to be 0 but "
                            "was set to %ld\n", inst->ri_i.i_fmri,
                            inst->ri_i.i_transient_ctid);
                }

                inst->ri_i.i_transient_ctid = *cid;
        } else {
                if (inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid != 0) {
                        /*
                         * There was an old contract that we transferred.
                         * Remove it.
                         */
                        method_remove_contract(inst, B_TRUE, B_FALSE);
                }

                if (inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid != 0) {
                        log_framework(LOG_INFO,
                            "%s: primary ctid expected to be 0 but "
                            "was set to %ld\n", inst->ri_i.i_fmri,
                            inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid);
                }

                inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid = *cid;
                inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid_stopped = 0;

                log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Storing primary contract %ld for "
                    "%s.\n", *cid, inst->ri_i.i_fmri);

                contract_hash_store(*cid, inst->ri_id);
        }

again:
        if (inst->ri_mi_deleted)
                return;

        r = restarter_store_contract(inst->ri_m_inst, *cid, primary ?
            RESTARTER_CONTRACT_PRIMARY : RESTARTER_CONTRACT_TRANSIENT);
        switch (r) {
        case 0:
                break;

        case ECANCELED:
                inst->ri_mi_deleted = B_TRUE;
                break;

        case ECONNABORTED:
                libscf_handle_rebind(scf_instance_handle(inst->ri_m_inst));
                /* FALLTHROUGH */

        case EBADF:
                libscf_reget_instance(inst);
                goto again;

        case ENOMEM:
        case EPERM:
        case EACCES:
        case EROFS:
                uu_die("%s: Couldn't store contract id %ld",
                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri, *cid);
                /* NOTREACHED */

        case EINVAL:
        default:
                bad_error("restarter_store_contract", r);
        }
}

/*
 * void method_remove_contract()
 *   Remove any non-permanent contracts from internal structures and
 *   the repository, then abandon them.
 *   Returns
 *     0 - success
 *     ECANCELED - inst was deleted from the repository
 *
 *   If the repository connection was broken, it is rebound.
 */
void
method_remove_contract(restarter_inst_t *inst, boolean_t primary,
    boolean_t abandon)
{
        ctid_t * const ctidp = primary ? &inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid :
            &inst->ri_i.i_transient_ctid;

        int r;

        assert(*ctidp != 0);

        log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "Removing %s contract %lu for %s.\n",
            primary ? "primary" : "transient", *ctidp, inst->ri_i.i_fmri);

        if (abandon)
                contract_abandon(*ctidp);

again:
        if (inst->ri_mi_deleted) {
                r = ECANCELED;
                goto out;
        }

        r = restarter_remove_contract(inst->ri_m_inst, *ctidp, primary ?
            RESTARTER_CONTRACT_PRIMARY : RESTARTER_CONTRACT_TRANSIENT);
        switch (r) {
        case 0:
                break;

        case ECANCELED:
                inst->ri_mi_deleted = B_TRUE;
                break;

        case ECONNABORTED:
                libscf_handle_rebind(scf_instance_handle(inst->ri_m_inst));
                /* FALLTHROUGH */

        case EBADF:
                libscf_reget_instance(inst);
                goto again;

        case ENOMEM:
        case EPERM:
        case EACCES:
        case EROFS:
                log_error(LOG_INFO, "%s: Couldn't remove contract id %ld: "
                    "%s.\n", inst->ri_i.i_fmri, *ctidp, strerror(r));
                break;

        case EINVAL:
        default:
                bad_error("restarter_remove_contract", r);
        }

out:
        if (primary)
                contract_hash_remove(*ctidp);

        *ctidp = 0;
}

static const char *method_names[] = { "start", "stop", "refresh" };

/*
 * int method_ready_contract(restarter_inst_t *, int, method_restart_t, int)
 *
 *   Activate a contract template for the type method of inst.  type,
 *   restart_on, and cte_mask dictate the critical events term of the contract.
 *   Returns
 *     0 - success
 *     ECANCELED - inst has been deleted from the repository
 */
static int
method_ready_contract(restarter_inst_t *inst, int type,
    method_restart_t restart_on, uint_t cte_mask)
{
        int tmpl, err, istrans, iswait, ret;
        uint_t cevents, fevents;

        /*
         * Correctly supporting wait-style services is tricky without
         * rearchitecting startd to cope with multiple event sources
         * simultaneously trying to stop an instance.  Until a better
         * solution is implemented, we avoid this problem for
         * wait-style services by making contract events fatal and
         * letting the wait code alone handle stopping the service.
         */
        iswait = instance_is_wait_style(inst);
        istrans = method_is_transient(inst, type);

        tmpl = open64(CTFS_ROOT "/process/template", O_RDWR);
        if (tmpl == -1)
                uu_die("Could not create contract template");

        /*
         * We assume non-login processes are unlikely to create
         * multiple process groups, and set CT_PR_PGRPONLY for all
         * wait-style services' contracts.
         */
        err = ct_pr_tmpl_set_param(tmpl, CT_PR_INHERIT | CT_PR_REGENT |
            (iswait ? CT_PR_PGRPONLY : 0));
        assert(err == 0);

        if (istrans) {
                cevents = 0;
                fevents = 0;
        } else {
                assert(restart_on >= 0);
                assert(restart_on <= METHOD_RESTART_ANY_FAULT);
                cevents = method_events[restart_on] & ~cte_mask;
                fevents = iswait ?
                    (method_events[restart_on] & ~cte_mask & CT_PR_ALLFATAL) :
                    0;
        }

        err = ct_tmpl_set_critical(tmpl, cevents);
        assert(err == 0);

        err = ct_tmpl_set_informative(tmpl, 0);
        assert(err == 0);
        err = ct_pr_tmpl_set_fatal(tmpl, fevents);
        assert(err == 0);

        err = ct_tmpl_set_cookie(tmpl, istrans ?  METHOD_OTHER_COOKIE :
            METHOD_START_COOKIE);
        assert(err == 0);

        if (type == METHOD_START && inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid != 0) {
                ret = ct_pr_tmpl_set_transfer(tmpl, inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid);
                switch (ret) {
                case 0:
                        break;

                case ENOTEMPTY:
                        /* No contracts for you! */
                        method_remove_contract(inst, B_TRUE, B_TRUE);
                        if (inst->ri_mi_deleted) {
                                ret = ECANCELED;
                                goto out;
                        }
                        break;

                case EINVAL:
                case ESRCH:
                case EACCES:
                default:
                        bad_error("ct_pr_tmpl_set_transfer", ret);
                }
        }

        err = ct_pr_tmpl_set_svc_fmri(tmpl, inst->ri_i.i_fmri);
        assert(err == 0);
        err = ct_pr_tmpl_set_svc_aux(tmpl, method_names[type]);
        assert(err == 0);

        err = ct_tmpl_activate(tmpl);
        assert(err == 0);

        ret = 0;

out:
        err = close(tmpl);
        assert(err == 0);

        return (ret);
}

static void
exec_method(const restarter_inst_t *inst, int type, const char *method,
    struct method_context *mcp, uint8_t need_session)
{
        char *cmd;
        const char *errf;
        char **nenv;
        int rsmc_errno = 0;

        cmd = uu_msprintf("exec %s", method);

        if (inst->ri_utmpx_prefix != NULL && inst->ri_utmpx_prefix[0] != '\0')
                (void) utmpx_mark_init(getpid(), inst->ri_utmpx_prefix);

        setlog(inst->ri_logstem);
        log_instance(inst, B_FALSE, "Executing %s method (\"%s\").",
            method_names[type], method);

        if (need_session)
                (void) setpgrp();

        /* Set credentials. */
        rsmc_errno = restarter_set_method_context(mcp, &errf);
        if (rsmc_errno != 0) {
                log_instance(inst, B_FALSE,
                    "svc.startd could not set context for method: ");

                if (rsmc_errno == -1) {
                        if (strcmp(errf, "core_set_process_path") == 0) {
                                log_instance(inst, B_FALSE,
                                    "Could not set corefile path.");
                        } else if (strcmp(errf, "setproject") == 0) {
                                log_instance(inst, B_FALSE, "%s: a resource "
                                    "control assignment failed", errf);
                        } else if (strcmp(errf, "pool_set_binding") == 0) {
                                log_instance(inst, B_FALSE, "%s: a system "
                                    "error occurred", errf);
                        } else {
#ifndef NDEBUG
                                uu_warn("%s:%d: Bad function name \"%s\" for "
                                    "error %d from "
                                    "restarter_set_method_context().\n",
                                    __FILE__, __LINE__, errf, rsmc_errno);
#endif
                                abort();
                        }

                        exit(1);
                }

                if (errf != NULL && strcmp(errf, "pool_set_binding") == 0) {
                        switch (rsmc_errno) {
                        case ENOENT:
                                log_instance(inst, B_FALSE, "%s: the pool "
                                    "could not be found", errf);
                                break;

                        case EBADF:
                                log_instance(inst, B_FALSE, "%s: the "
                                    "configuration is invalid", errf);
                                break;

                        case EINVAL:
                                log_instance(inst, B_FALSE, "%s: pool name "
                                    "\"%s\" is invalid", errf,
                                    mcp->resource_pool);
                                break;

                        default:
#ifndef NDEBUG
                                uu_warn("%s:%d: Bad error %d for function %s "
                                    "in restarter_set_method_context().\n",
                                    __FILE__, __LINE__, rsmc_errno, errf);
#endif
                                abort();
                        }

                        exit(SMF_EXIT_ERR_CONFIG);
                }

                if (errf != NULL && strcmp(errf, "chdir") == 0) {
                        switch (rsmc_errno) {
                        case EACCES:
                        case EFAULT:
                        case EIO:
                        case ELOOP:
                        case ENAMETOOLONG:
                        case ENOENT:
                        case ENOLINK:
                        case ENOTDIR:
                                log_instance(inst, B_FALSE, "%s: %s (\"%s\")",
                                    errf,
                                    strerror(rsmc_errno), mcp->working_dir);
                                break;

                        default:
#ifndef NDEBUG
                                uu_warn("%s:%d: Bad error %d for function %s "
                                    "in restarter_set_method_context().\n",
                                    __FILE__, __LINE__, rsmc_errno, errf);
#endif
                                abort();
                        }

                        exit(SMF_EXIT_ERR_CONFIG);
                }

                if (errf != NULL) {
                        errno = rsmc_errno;
                        perror(errf);

                        switch (rsmc_errno) {
                        case EINVAL:
                        case EPERM:
                        case ENOENT:
                        case ENAMETOOLONG:
                        case ERANGE:
                        case ESRCH:
                                exit(SMF_EXIT_ERR_CONFIG);
                                /* NOTREACHED */

                        default:
                                exit(1);
                        }
                }

                switch (rsmc_errno) {
                case ENOMEM:
                        log_instance(inst, B_FALSE, "Out of memory.");
                        exit(1);
                        /* NOTREACHED */

                case ENOENT:
                        log_instance(inst, B_FALSE, "Missing passwd entry for "
                            "user.");
                        exit(SMF_EXIT_ERR_CONFIG);
                        /* NOTREACHED */

                default:
#ifndef NDEBUG
                        uu_warn("%s:%d: Bad miscellaneous error %d from "
                            "restarter_set_method_context().\n", __FILE__,
                            __LINE__, rsmc_errno);
#endif
                        abort();
                }
        }

        nenv = set_smf_env(mcp->env, mcp->env_sz, NULL, inst,
            method_names[type]);

        log_preexec();

        (void) execle(SBIN_SH, SBIN_SH, "-c", cmd, NULL, nenv);

        (void) fprintf(stderr, "Failed to exec %s -c '%s': %s\n",
            SBIN_SH, cmd, strerror(errno));

        exit(10);
}

static void
write_status(restarter_inst_t *inst, const char *mname, int stat)
{
        int r;

again:
        if (inst->ri_mi_deleted)
                return;

        r = libscf_write_method_status(inst->ri_m_inst, mname, stat);
        switch (r) {
        case 0:
                break;

        case ECONNABORTED:
                libscf_reget_instance(inst);
                goto again;

        case ECANCELED:
                inst->ri_mi_deleted = 1;
                break;

        case EPERM:
        case EACCES:
        case EROFS:
                log_framework(LOG_INFO, "Could not write exit status "
                    "for %s method of %s: %s.\n", mname,
                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri, strerror(r));
                break;

        case ENAMETOOLONG:
        default:
                bad_error("libscf_write_method_status", r);
        }
}

/*
 * int method_run()
 *   Execute the type method of instp.  If it requires a fork(), wait for it
 *   to return and return its exit code in *exit_code.  Otherwise set
 *   *exit_code to 0 if the method succeeds & -1 if it fails.  If the
 *   repository connection is broken, it is rebound, but inst may not be
 *   reset.
 *   Returns
 *     0 - success
 *     EINVAL - A correct method or method context couldn't be retrieved.
 *     EIO - Contract kill failed.
 *     EFAULT - Method couldn't be executed successfully.
 *     ELOOP - Retry threshold exceeded.
 *     ECANCELED - inst was deleted from the repository before method was run
 *     ERANGE - Timeout retry threshold exceeded.
 *     EAGAIN - Failed due to external cause, retry.
 */
int
method_run(restarter_inst_t **instp, int type, int *exit_code)
{
        char *method;
        int ret_status;
        pid_t pid;
        method_restart_t restart_on;
        uint_t cte_mask;
        uint8_t need_session;
        scf_handle_t *h;
        scf_snapshot_t *snap;
        const char *mname;
        mc_error_t *m_error;
        struct method_context *mcp;
        int result = 0, timeout_fired = 0;
        int sig, r;
        boolean_t transient;
        uint64_t timeout;
        uint8_t timeout_retry;
        ctid_t ctid;
        int ctfd = -1;
        restarter_inst_t *inst = *instp;
        int id = inst->ri_id;
        int forkerr;

        assert(MUTEX_HELD(&inst->ri_lock));
        assert(instance_in_transition(inst));

        if (inst->ri_mi_deleted)
                return (ECANCELED);

        *exit_code = SMF_EXIT_OK;

        assert(0 <= type && type <= 2);
        mname = method_names[type];

        if (type == METHOD_START)
                inst->ri_pre_online_hook();

        h = scf_instance_handle(inst->ri_m_inst);

        snap = scf_snapshot_create(h);
        if (snap == NULL ||
            scf_instance_get_snapshot(inst->ri_m_inst, "running", snap) != 0) {
                log_framework(LOG_DEBUG,
                    "Could not get running snapshot for %s.  "
                    "Using editing version to run method %s.\n",
                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri, mname);
                scf_snapshot_destroy(snap);
                snap = NULL;
        }

        /*
         * After this point, we may be logging to the instance log.
         * Make sure we've noted where that log is as a property of
         * the instance.
         */
        r = libscf_note_method_log(inst->ri_m_inst, st->st_log_prefix,
            inst->ri_logstem);
        if (r != 0) {
                log_framework(LOG_WARNING,
                    "%s: couldn't note log location: %s\n",
                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri, strerror(r));
        }

        if ((method = libscf_get_method(h, type, inst, snap, &restart_on,
            &cte_mask, &need_session, &timeout, &timeout_retry)) == NULL) {
                if (errno == LIBSCF_PGROUP_ABSENT)  {
                        log_framework(LOG_DEBUG,
                            "%s: instance has no method property group '%s'.\n",
                            inst->ri_i.i_fmri, mname);
                        if (type == METHOD_REFRESH)
                                log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "No '%s' method "
                                    "defined.  Treating as :true.", mname);
                        else
                                log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Method property "
                                    "group '%s' is not present.", mname);
                        scf_snapshot_destroy(snap);
                        return (0);
                } else if (errno == LIBSCF_PROPERTY_ABSENT)  {
                        log_framework(LOG_DEBUG,
                            "%s: instance has no '%s/exec' method property.\n",
                            inst->ri_i.i_fmri, mname);
                        log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Method property '%s/exec "
                            "is not present.", mname);
                        scf_snapshot_destroy(snap);
                        return (0);
                } else {
                        log_error(LOG_WARNING,
                            "%s: instance libscf_get_method failed\n",
                            inst->ri_i.i_fmri);
                        scf_snapshot_destroy(snap);
                        return (EINVAL);
                }
        }

        /* open service contract if stopping a non-transient service */
        if (type == METHOD_STOP && (!instance_is_transient_style(inst))) {
                if (inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid == 0) {
                        /* service is not running, nothing to stop */
                        log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "%s: instance has no primary "
                            "contract, no service to stop.\n",
                            inst->ri_i.i_fmri);
                        scf_snapshot_destroy(snap);
                        return (0);
                }
                if ((ctfd = contract_open(inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid, "process",
                    "events", O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
                        result = EFAULT;
                        log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Could not open service "
                            "contract %ld.  Stop method not run.",
                            inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid);
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        if (restarter_is_null_method(method)) {
                log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "%s: null method succeeds\n",
                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri);

                log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Executing %s method (null).",
                    mname);

                if (type == METHOD_START)
                        write_status(inst, mname, 0);
                goto out;
        }

        sig = restarter_is_kill_method(method);
        if (sig >= 0) {

                if (inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid == 0) {
                        log_error(LOG_ERR, "%s: :kill with no contract\n",
                            inst->ri_i.i_fmri);
                        log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Invalid use of \":kill\" "
                            "as stop method for transient service.");
                        result = EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                log_framework(LOG_DEBUG,
                    "%s: :killing contract with signal %d\n",
                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri, sig);

                log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Executing %s method (:kill).",
                    mname);

                if (contract_kill(inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid, sig,
                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri) != 0) {
                        result = EIO;
                        goto out;
                } else
                        goto assured_kill;
        }

        log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "%s: forking to run method %s\n",
            inst->ri_i.i_fmri, method);

        m_error = restarter_get_method_context(RESTARTER_METHOD_CONTEXT_VERSION,
            inst->ri_m_inst, snap, mname, method, &mcp);

        if (m_error != NULL) {
                log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "%s", m_error->msg);
                restarter_mc_error_destroy(m_error);
                result = EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        r = method_ready_contract(inst, type, restart_on, cte_mask);
        if (r != 0) {
                assert(r == ECANCELED);
                assert(inst->ri_mi_deleted);
                restarter_free_method_context(mcp);
                result = ECANCELED;
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * Validate safety of method contexts, to save children work.
         */
        if (!restarter_rm_libs_loadable())
                log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "%s: method contexts limited "
                    "to root-accessible libraries\n", inst->ri_i.i_fmri);

        /*
         * For wait-style svc, sanity check that method exists to prevent an
         * infinite loop.
         */
        if (instance_is_wait_style(inst) && type == METHOD_START) {
                char *pend;
                struct stat64 sbuf;

                /*
                 * We need to handle start method strings that have arguments,
                 * such as '/lib/svc/method/console-login %i'.
                 */
                if ((pend = strchr(method, ' ')) != NULL)
                        *pend = '\0';

                if (*method == '/' && stat64(method, &sbuf) == -1 &&
                    errno == ENOENT) {
                        log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Missing start method (%s), "
                            "changing state to maintenance.", method);
                        restarter_free_method_context(mcp);
                        result = ENOENT;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (pend != NULL)
                        *pend = ' ';
        }

        /*
         * If the service is restarting too quickly, send it to
         * maintenance.
         */
        if (type == METHOD_START) {
                method_record_start(inst);
                if (method_rate_critical(inst) &&
                    !instance_is_wait_style(inst)) {
                        log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Restarting too quickly, "
                            "changing state to maintenance.");
                        result = ELOOP;
                        restarter_free_method_context(mcp);
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        atomic_add_16(&storing_contract, 1);
        pid = startd_fork1(&forkerr);
        if (pid == 0)
                exec_method(inst, type, method, mcp, need_session);

        if (pid == -1) {
                atomic_add_16(&storing_contract, -1);
                if (forkerr == EAGAIN)
                        result = EAGAIN;
                else
                        result = EFAULT;

                log_error(LOG_WARNING,
                    "%s: Couldn't fork to execute method %s: %s\n",
                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri, method, strerror(forkerr));

                restarter_free_method_context(mcp);
                goto out;
        }


        /*
         * Get the contract id, decide whether it is primary or transient, and
         * stash it in inst & the repository.
         */
        method_store_contract(inst, type, &ctid);
        atomic_add_16(&storing_contract, -1);

        restarter_free_method_context(mcp);

        /*
         * Similarly for the start method PID.
         */
        if (type == METHOD_START && !inst->ri_mi_deleted)
                (void) libscf_write_start_pid(inst->ri_m_inst, pid);

        if (instance_is_wait_style(inst) && type == METHOD_START) {
                /* Wait style instances don't get timeouts on start methods. */
                if (wait_register(pid, inst->ri_i.i_fmri, 1, 0)) {
                        log_error(LOG_WARNING,
                            "%s: couldn't register %ld for wait\n",
                            inst->ri_i.i_fmri, pid);
                        result = EFAULT;
                        goto contract_out;
                }
                write_status(inst, mname, 0);

        } else {
                int r, err;
                time_t start_time;
                time_t end_time;

                /*
                 * Because on upgrade/live-upgrade we may have no chance
                 * to override faulty timeout values on the way to
                 * manifest import, all services on the path to manifest
                 * import are treated the same as INFINITE timeout services.
                 */

                start_time = time(NULL);
                if (timeout != METHOD_TIMEOUT_INFINITE && !is_timeout_ovr(inst))
                        timeout_insert(inst, ctid, timeout);
                else
                        timeout = METHOD_TIMEOUT_INFINITE;

                /* Unlock the instance while waiting for the method. */
                MUTEX_UNLOCK(&inst->ri_lock);

                do {
                        r = waitpid(pid, &ret_status, 0);
                } while (r == -1 && errno == EINTR);
                if (r == -1)
                        err = errno;

                /* Re-grab the lock. */
                inst = inst_lookup_by_id(id);

                /*
                 * inst can't be removed, as the removal thread waits
                 * for completion of this one.
                 */
                assert(inst != NULL);
                *instp = inst;

                if (inst->ri_timeout != NULL && inst->ri_timeout->te_fired)
                        timeout_fired = 1;

                timeout_remove(inst, ctid);

                log_framework(LOG_DEBUG,
                    "%s method for %s exited with status %d.\n", mname,
                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri, WEXITSTATUS(ret_status));

                if (r == -1) {
                        log_error(LOG_WARNING,
                            "Couldn't waitpid() for %s method of %s (%s).\n",
                            mname, inst->ri_i.i_fmri, strerror(err));
                        result = EFAULT;
                        goto contract_out;
                }

                if (type == METHOD_START)
                        write_status(inst, mname, ret_status);

                /* return ERANGE if this service doesn't retry on timeout */
                if (timeout_fired == 1 && timeout_retry == 0) {
                        result = ERANGE;
                        goto contract_out;
                }

                if (!WIFEXITED(ret_status)) {
                        /*
                         * If method didn't exit itself (it was killed by an
                         * external entity, etc.), consider the entire
                         * method_run as failed.
                         */
                        if (WIFSIGNALED(ret_status)) {
                                char buf[SIG2STR_MAX];
                                (void) sig2str(WTERMSIG(ret_status), buf);

                                log_error(LOG_WARNING, "%s: Method \"%s\" "
                                    "failed due to signal %s.\n",
                                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri, method, buf);
                                log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Method \"%s\" "
                                    "failed due to signal %s.", mname, buf);
                        } else {
                                log_error(LOG_WARNING, "%s: Method \"%s\" "
                                    "failed with exit status %d.\n",
                                    inst->ri_i.i_fmri, method,
                                    WEXITSTATUS(ret_status));
                                log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Method \"%s\" "
                                    "failed with exit status %d.", mname,
                                    WEXITSTATUS(ret_status));
                        }
                        result = EAGAIN;
                        goto contract_out;
                }

                *exit_code = WEXITSTATUS(ret_status);
                if (*exit_code != SMF_EXIT_OK &&
                    *exit_code != SMF_EXIT_NODAEMON &&
                    *exit_code != SMF_EXIT_MON_DEGRADE) {
                        log_error(LOG_WARNING,
                            "%s: Method \"%s\" failed with exit status %d.\n",
                            inst->ri_i.i_fmri, method, WEXITSTATUS(ret_status));
                }

                log_instance(inst, B_TRUE, "Method \"%s\" exited with status "
                    "%d.", mname, *exit_code);

                /* Note: we will take this path for SMF_EXIT_NODAEMON */
                if (*exit_code != SMF_EXIT_OK &&
                    *exit_code != SMF_EXIT_MON_DEGRADE) {
                        goto contract_out;
                }

                end_time = time(NULL);

                /* Give service contract remaining seconds to empty */
                if (timeout != METHOD_TIMEOUT_INFINITE)
                        timeout -= (end_time - start_time);
        }

assured_kill:
        /*
         * For stop methods, assure that the service contract has emptied
         * before returning.
         */
        if (type == METHOD_STOP && (!instance_is_transient_style(inst)) &&
            !(contract_is_empty(inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid))) {
                int times = 0;

                if (timeout != METHOD_TIMEOUT_INFINITE)
                        timeout_insert(inst, inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid,
                            timeout);

                for (;;) {
                        /*
                         * Check frequently at first, then back off.  This
                         * keeps startd from idling while shutting down.
                         */
                        if (times < 20) {
                                (void) poll(NULL, 0, 5);
                                times++;
                        } else {
                                (void) poll(NULL, 0, 100);
                        }
                        if (contract_is_empty(inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid))
                                break;
                }

                if (timeout != METHOD_TIMEOUT_INFINITE)
                        if (inst->ri_timeout->te_fired)
                                result = EFAULT;

                timeout_remove(inst, inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid);
        }

contract_out:
        /*
         * Abandon contracts for transient methods, methods that exit with
         * SMF_EXIT_NODAEMON and methods that fail.
         * Non-transient degraded services are left alone here. If their
         * contract is or later becomes empty, then that will be handled in the
         * same way as for any other non-transient service.
         */
        transient = method_is_transient(inst, type);
        if ((transient ||
            (*exit_code != SMF_EXIT_OK && *exit_code != SMF_EXIT_MON_DEGRADE) ||
            result != 0) &&
            restarter_is_kill_method(method) < 0) {
                method_remove_contract(inst, !transient, B_TRUE);
        }

out:
        if (ctfd >= 0)
                (void) close(ctfd);
        scf_snapshot_destroy(snap);
        free(method);
        return (result);
}

/*
 * The method thread executes a service method to effect a state transition.
 * The next_state of info->sf_id should be non-_NONE on entrance, and it will
 * be _NONE on exit (state will either be what next_state was (on success), or
 * it will be _MAINT (on error)).
 *
 * There are six classes of methods to consider: start & other (stop, refresh)
 * for each of "normal" services, wait services, and transient services.  For
 * each, the method must be fetched from the repository & executed.  fork()ed
 * methods must be waited on, except for the start method of wait services
 * (which must be registered with the wait subsystem via wait_register()).  If
 * the method succeeded (returned 0), then for start methods its contract
 * should be recorded as the primary contract for the service.  For other
 * methods, it should be abandoned.  If the method fails, then depending on
 * the failure, either the method should be reexecuted or the service should
 * be put into maintenance.  Either way the contract should be abandoned.
 */
void *
method_thread(void *arg)
{
        fork_info_t *info = arg;
        restarter_inst_t *inst;
        scf_handle_t    *local_handle;
        scf_instance_t  *s_inst = NULL;
        int r, exit_code;
        boolean_t retryable;
        restarter_str_t reason;

        (void) pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), "method");

        assert(0 <= info->sf_method_type && info->sf_method_type <= 2);

        /* Get (and lock) the restarter_inst_t. */
        inst = inst_lookup_by_id(info->sf_id);

        assert(inst->ri_method_thread != 0);
        assert(instance_in_transition(inst) == 1);

        /*
         * We cannot leave this function with inst in transition, because
         * protocol.c withholds messages for inst otherwise.
         */

        log_framework(LOG_DEBUG, "method_thread() running %s method for %s.\n",
            method_names[info->sf_method_type], inst->ri_i.i_fmri);

        local_handle = libscf_handle_create_bound_loop();

rebind_retry:
        /* get scf_instance_t */
        switch (r = libscf_fmri_get_instance(local_handle, inst->ri_i.i_fmri,
            &s_inst)) {
        case 0:
                break;

        case ECONNABORTED:
                libscf_handle_rebind(local_handle);
                goto rebind_retry;

        case ENOENT:
                /*
                 * It's not there, but we need to call this so protocol.c
                 * doesn't think it's in transition anymore.
                 */
                (void) restarter_instance_update_states(local_handle, inst,
                    inst->ri_i.i_state, RESTARTER_STATE_NONE, RERR_NONE,
                    restarter_str_none);
                goto out;

        case EINVAL:
        case ENOTSUP:
        default:
                bad_error("libscf_fmri_get_instance", r);
        }

        inst->ri_m_inst = s_inst;
        inst->ri_mi_deleted = B_FALSE;

retry:
        if (info->sf_method_type == METHOD_START)
                log_transition(inst, START_REQUESTED);

        r = method_run(&inst, info->sf_method_type, &exit_code);

        if (r == 0 &&
            (exit_code == SMF_EXIT_OK || exit_code == SMF_EXIT_NODAEMON ||
            exit_code == SMF_EXIT_MON_DEGRADE)) {
                /* Success! */
                assert(inst->ri_i.i_next_state != RESTARTER_STATE_NONE);

                /*
                 * When a stop method succeeds, remove the primary contract of
                 * the service, unless we're going to offline, in which case
                 * retain the contract so we can transfer inherited contracts to
                 * the replacement service.
                 */

                if (info->sf_method_type == METHOD_STOP &&
                    inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid != 0) {
                        if (inst->ri_i.i_next_state == RESTARTER_STATE_OFFLINE)
                                inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid_stopped = 1;
                        else
                                method_remove_contract(inst, B_TRUE, B_TRUE);
                }

                /*
                 * For methods that exit with SMF_EXIT_NODAEMON, we already
                 * called method_remove_contract in method_run.
                 */

                /*
                 * When a start method returns with SMF_EXIT_MON_DEGRADE we
                 * transition the service into degraded.
                 */
                if (info->sf_method_type == METHOD_START &&
                    exit_code == SMF_EXIT_MON_DEGRADE) {
                        inst->ri_i.i_next_state = RESTARTER_STATE_DEGRADED;
                        info->sf_reason = restarter_str_method_failed;
                        log_transition(inst, START_FAILED_DEGRADED);
                }

                /*
                 * We don't care whether the handle was rebound because this is
                 * the last thing we do with it.
                 */
                (void) restarter_instance_update_states(local_handle, inst,
                    inst->ri_i.i_next_state, RESTARTER_STATE_NONE,
                    info->sf_event_type, info->sf_reason);

                (void) update_fault_count(inst, FAULT_COUNT_RESET);

                goto out;
        }

        /* Failure.  Retry or go to maintenance. */

        if (r != 0 && r != EAGAIN) {
                retryable = B_FALSE;
        } else {
                switch (exit_code) {
                case SMF_EXIT_ERR_CONFIG:
                case SMF_EXIT_ERR_NOSMF:
                case SMF_EXIT_ERR_PERM:
                case SMF_EXIT_ERR_FATAL:
                        retryable = B_FALSE;
                        break;

                default:
                        retryable = B_TRUE;
                }
        }

        if (retryable && update_fault_count(inst, FAULT_COUNT_INCR) != 1)
                goto retry;

        /* maintenance */
        if (r == ELOOP)
                log_transition(inst, START_FAILED_REPEATEDLY);
        else if (r == ERANGE)
                log_transition(inst, START_FAILED_TIMEOUT_FATAL);
        else if (exit_code == SMF_EXIT_ERR_CONFIG)
                log_transition(inst, START_FAILED_CONFIGURATION);
        else if (exit_code == SMF_EXIT_ERR_FATAL)
                log_transition(inst, START_FAILED_FATAL);
        else
                log_transition(inst, START_FAILED_OTHER);

        if (r == ELOOP) {
                reason = restarter_str_restarting_too_quickly;
        } else if (retryable) {
                reason = restarter_str_fault_threshold_reached;
        } else {
                reason = restarter_str_method_failed;
        }

        (void) restarter_instance_update_states(local_handle, inst,
            RESTARTER_STATE_MAINT, RESTARTER_STATE_NONE, RERR_FAULT,
            reason);

        if (!method_is_transient(inst, info->sf_method_type) &&
            inst->ri_i.i_primary_ctid != 0)
                method_remove_contract(inst, B_TRUE, B_TRUE);

out:
        inst->ri_method_thread = 0;

        /*
         * Unlock the mutex after broadcasting to avoid a race condition
         * with restarter_delete_inst() when the 'inst' structure is freed.
         */
        (void) pthread_cond_broadcast(&inst->ri_method_cv);
        MUTEX_UNLOCK(&inst->ri_lock);

        scf_instance_destroy(s_inst);
        scf_handle_destroy(local_handle);
        startd_free(info, sizeof (fork_info_t));
        return (NULL);
}