/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Mike Muuss.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 *                      P I N G . C
 *
 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
 *
 * Author -
 *      Mike Muuss
 *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
 *      December, 1983
 *
 * Status -
 *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
 * Bugs -
 *      More statistics could always be gathered.
 *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
#ifndef __HAIKU__
#include <sys/capsicum.h>
#endif
#include <sys/socket.h>
#ifndef __HAIKU__
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#endif
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <netinet/ip_var.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#ifndef __HAIKU__
#include <libcasper.h>
#include <casper/cap_dns.h>
#endif

#ifdef IPSEC
#include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
#endif /*IPSEC*/

#ifndef __HAIKU__
#include <capsicum_helpers.h>
#endif
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "main.h"
#include "ping.h"
#include "utils.h"

#define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
#define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
#define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
#define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
#define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
#define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
                                        /* runs out of buffer space */
#define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
#define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
#define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
#define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
#define MAXTOS          255

#define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
#define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
#define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
#define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
#define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))

struct tv32 {
        int32_t tv32_sec;
        int32_t tv32_nsec;
};

/* various options */
#define F_FLOOD         0x0001
#define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
#define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
#define F_QUIET         0x0010
#define F_RROUTE        0x0020
#define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
#define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
#define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
#define F_QUIET2        0x0200
#define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
#define F_MTTL          0x0800
#define F_MIF           0x1000
#define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
#ifdef IPSEC
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
#define F_POLICY        0x4000
#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
#endif /*IPSEC*/
#define F_TTL           0x8000
#define F_MISSED        0x10000
#define F_ONCE          0x20000
#define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
#define F_MASK          0x80000
#define F_TIME          0x100000
#define F_SWEEP         0x200000
#define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
#define F_IP_VLAN_PCP   0x800000
#define F_DOT           0x1000000

/*
 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 */
#define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];

static struct sockaddr_in whereto;      /* who to ping */
static int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
static int maxpayload;
static int ssend;               /* send socket file descriptor */
static int srecv;               /* receive socket file descriptor */
static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
static char BBELL = '\a';       /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
static char BSPACE = '\b';      /* characters written for flood */
static const char *DOT = ".";
static size_t DOTlen = 1;
static size_t DOTidx = 0;
static char *shostname;
static int ident;               /* process id to identify our packets */
static int uid;                 /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
static int phdr_len = 0;
static int send_len;

/* counters */
static long nmissedmax;         /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
static long npackets;           /* max packets to transmit */
static long snpackets;                  /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
static long sntransmitted;      /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
static int sweepmax;            /* max value of payload in sweep */
static int sweepmin = 0;        /* start value of payload in sweep */
static int sweepincr = 1;       /* payload increment in sweep */
static int interval = 1000;     /* interval between packets, ms */
static int waittime = MAXWAIT;  /* timeout for each packet */

#ifndef __HAIKU__
static cap_channel_t *capdns;
#endif

static void fill(char *, char *);
#ifndef __HAIKU__
static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
#endif
static void pinger(void);
static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const);
static void pr_iph(struct ip *, const u_char *);
static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *);

int
ping(int argc, char *const *argv)
{
        struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
        struct in_addr ifaddr;
        struct timespec last, intvl;
        struct iovec iov;
        struct msghdr msg;
        struct sigaction si_sa;
        size_t sz;
#ifdef __HAIKU__
#define __aligned(x) __attribute__((__aligned__(x)))
#endif
        u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
        const char *errstr;
        char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
        struct hostent *hp;
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
        char *policy_in, *policy_out;
#endif
        struct sockaddr_in *to;
        double t;
        u_long alarmtimeout;
        long long ltmp;
        int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
        int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl, pcp;
        char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))];
        char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
        char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
#endif
        unsigned char loop, mttl;

        payload = source = NULL;
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
        policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
#endif
#ifndef __HAIKU__
        cap_rights_t rights;
#endif

        /*
         * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
         * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
         * after arg parsing.
         *
         * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
         * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
         * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
         * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
         * from different addresses, not from the address we
         * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
         * packets.
         */
        ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
        ssend_errno = errno;
        srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
        srecv_errno = errno;

        if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
                err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
        uid = getuid();

        if (ssend < 0) {
                errno = ssend_errno;
                err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
        }

        if (srecv < 0) {
                errno = srecv_errno;
                err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
        }

        alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = pcp = 0;

        outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
        while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PING4OPTS)) != -1) {
                switch(ch) {
                case '.':
                        options |= F_DOT;
                        if (optarg != NULL) {
                                DOT = optarg;
                                DOTlen = strlen(optarg);
                        }
                        break;
                case '4':
                        /* This option is processed in main(). */
                        break;
                case 'A':
                        options |= F_MISSED;
                        break;
                case 'a':
                        options |= F_AUDIBLE;
                        break;
                case 'C':
#ifndef __HAIKU__
                        options |= F_IP_VLAN_PCP;
                        ltmp = strtonum(optarg, -1, 7, &errstr);
                        if (errstr != NULL)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid PCP: `%s'", optarg);
                        pcp = ltmp;
#else
                        errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "VLAN PCP not available");
#endif
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, LONG_MAX, &errstr);
                        if (errstr != NULL)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
                                    "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        npackets = (long)ltmp;
                        break;
                case 'D':
                        options |= F_HDRINCL;
                        df = 1;
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        if (uid) {
                                errno = EPERM;
                                err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
                        }
                        options |= F_FLOOD;
                        options |= F_DOT;
                        setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
                        break;
                case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
                        ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
                        if (errstr != NULL) {
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        }
                        sweepmax = (int)ltmp;
                        if (uid != 0 && sweepmax > DEFDATALEN) {
                                errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
                                    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
                                    sweepmax, DEFDATALEN);
                        }
                        options |= F_SWEEP;
                        break;
                case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
                        ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
                        if (errstr != NULL) {
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        }
                        sweepmin = (int)ltmp;
                        if (uid != 0 && sweepmin > DEFDATALEN) {
                                errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
                                    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
                                    sweepmin, DEFDATALEN);
                        }
                        options |= F_SWEEP;
                        break;
                case 'H':
                        options |= F_HOSTNAME;
                        break;
                case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
                        ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
                        if (errstr != NULL) {
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        }
                        sweepincr = (int)ltmp;
                        if (uid != 0 && sweepincr > DEFDATALEN) {
                                errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM,
                                    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
                                    sweepincr, DEFDATALEN);
                        }
                        options |= F_SWEEP;
                        break;
                case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
                        if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
                                    "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        options |= F_MIF;
                        break;
                case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
                        t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
                        if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        options |= F_INTERVAL;
                        interval = (int)t;
                        if (uid && interval < 1000) {
                                errno = EPERM;
                                err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
                        }
                        break;
                case 'L':
                        options |= F_NOLOOP;
                        loop = 0;
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
                        if (errstr != NULL)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
                                    "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
                        if (uid) {
                                errno = EPERM;
                                err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
                        }
                        preload = (int)ltmp;
                        break;
                case 'M':
                        switch(optarg[0]) {
                        case 'M':
                        case 'm':
                                options |= F_MASK;
                                break;
                        case 'T':
                        case 't':
                                options |= F_TIME;
                                break;
                        default:
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
                case 'm':               /* TTL */
                        ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
                        if (errstr != NULL)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
                        ttl = (int)ltmp;
                        options |= F_TTL;
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        options &= ~F_HOSTNAME;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        options |= F_ONCE;
                        break;
#ifdef IPSEC
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
                case 'P':
                        options |= F_POLICY;
                        if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
                                policy_in = strdup(optarg);
                        else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
                                policy_out = strdup(optarg);
                        else
                                errx(1, "invalid security policy");
                        break;
#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
#endif /*IPSEC*/
                case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
                        options |= F_PINGFILLED;
                        payload = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'Q':
                        options |= F_QUIET2;
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        options |= F_QUIET;
                        break;
                case 'R':
                        options |= F_RROUTE;
                        break;
                case 'r':
                        options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
                        break;
                case 'S':
                        source = optarg;
                        break;
                case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
                        ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
                        if (errstr != NULL)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        datalen = (int)ltmp;
                        if (uid != 0 && datalen > DEFDATALEN) {
                                errno = EPERM;
                                err(EX_NOPERM,
                                    "packet size too large: %d > %u",
                                    datalen, DEFDATALEN);
                        }
                        break;
                case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
                        ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr);
                        if (errstr != NULL)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        mttl = (unsigned char)ltmp;
                        options |= F_MTTL;
                        break;
                case 't':
                        alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
                        if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
                                    optarg, MAXALARM);
                        {
                                struct itimerval itv;

                                timerclear(&itv.it_interval);
                                timerclear(&itv.it_value);
                                itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout;
                                if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0)
                                        err(1, "setitimer");
                        }
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        options |= F_VERBOSE;
                        break;
                case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
                        t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
                        if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
                                    optarg);
                        options |= F_WAITTIME;
                        waittime = (int)t;
                        break;
                case 'z':
                        options |= F_HDRINCL;
                        ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0);
                        if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
                        tos = ltmp;
                        break;
                default:
                        usage();
                }
        }

        if (argc - optind != 1)
                usage();
        target = argv[optind];

        switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
        case 0: break;
        case F_MASK:
                icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
                icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
                phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
                if (!(options & F_QUIET))
                        (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
                break;
        case F_TIME:
                icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
                icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
                phdr_len = TS_LEN;
                if (!(options & F_QUIET))
                        (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
                break;
        default:
                errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
                break;
        }
        icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
        if (options & F_RROUTE)
                icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
        maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
        if (datalen > maxpayload)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
                    maxpayload);
        send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
        datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
        if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
                fill((char *)datap, payload);
        }
#ifndef __HAIKU__
        capdns = capdns_setup();
#else
#define cap_gethostbyname2(x, y, z) gethostbyname(y);
#endif
        if (source) {
                bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
                sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
                if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
                        shostname = source;
                } else {
                        hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET);
                        if (!hp)
                                errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
                                    source, hstrerror(h_errno));

                        sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
                        if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
                            hp->h_length < 0)
                                errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
                        memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
                            sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
                        (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
                            sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
                        snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
                        shostname = snamebuf;
                }
                if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
                    -1)
                        err(1, "bind");
        }

        bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
        to = &whereto;
        to->sin_family = AF_INET;
        to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
        if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
                hostname = target;
        } else {
                hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
                if (!hp)
                        errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
                            target, hstrerror(h_errno));

                if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
                        errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
                memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
                (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
                hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
                hostname = hnamebuf;
        }

        /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
#ifdef WITH_CASPER
        if (capdns != NULL) {
                const char *types[1];

                types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
                if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
                        err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
        }
#endif
        if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
                err(1, "connect");

        if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");

        if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
                errx(EX_USAGE,
                    "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
        if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
            && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
                errx(EX_USAGE,
                    "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");

        if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
                timing = 1;

        if ((options & (F_PINGFILLED | F_SWEEP)) == 0)
                for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
                        *datap++ = i;

        ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;

        hold = 1;
        if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
                (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
                    sizeof(hold));
                (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
                    sizeof(hold));
        }
        if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
                (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
                    sizeof(hold));
#ifndef __HAIKU__
        if (options & F_IP_VLAN_PCP) {
                (void)setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_VLAN_PCP, (char *)&pcp,
                    sizeof(pcp));
        }
#endif
#ifdef IPSEC
#ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
        if (options & F_POLICY) {
                char *buf;
                if (policy_in != NULL) {
                        buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
                        if (buf == NULL)
                                errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
                        if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
                                        buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
                                err(EX_CONFIG,
                                    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
                        free(buf);
                }

                if (policy_out != NULL) {
                        buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
                        if (buf == NULL)
                                errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
                        if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
                                        buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
                                err(EX_CONFIG,
                                    "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
                        free(buf);
                }
        }
#endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
#endif /*IPSEC*/

        if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
                struct ip ip;

#ifndef __HAIKU__
                memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip));
                if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
                        mib[0] = CTL_NET;
                        mib[1] = PF_INET;
                        mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
                        mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
                        sz = sizeof(ttl);
                        if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
                                err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
                }
#endif
                setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
                ip.ip_v = IPVERSION;
                ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
                ip.ip_tos = tos;
                ip.ip_id = 0;
                ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0);
                ip.ip_ttl = ttl;
                ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
                ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
                ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
                memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip));
        }

#ifndef __HAIKU__
        /*
         * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
         * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
         * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
         */
        caph_cache_catpages();
        if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
                err(1, "caph_enter_casper");

        cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
        if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
                err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
        cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
        if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
                err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
#endif

        /* record route option */
        if (options & F_RROUTE) {
#ifdef IP_OPTIONS
                bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
                rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
                rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
                rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
                rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
                if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
                    sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
#else
                errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
                    "record route not available in this implementation");
#endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
        }

        if (options & F_TTL) {
                if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
                    sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
                        err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
                }
        }
        if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
                if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
                    sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
                        err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
                }
        }
        if (options & F_MTTL) {
                if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
                    sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
                        err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
                }
        }
        if (options & F_MIF) {
                if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
                    sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
                        err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
                }
        }
#ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
        {
                int on = 1;
                int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC;
                if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on,
                    sizeof(on)) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
                if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock,
                    sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK");
        }
#endif
        if (sweepmax) {
                if (sweepmin > sweepmax)
                        errx(EX_USAGE,
            "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size");

                if (sweepmax > maxpayload - TIMEVAL_LEN)
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "Invalid sweep maximum");

                if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
                        errx(EX_USAGE,
                    "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");

                if (npackets > 0) {
                        snpackets = npackets;
                        npackets = 0;
                } else
                        snpackets = 1;
                datalen = sweepmin;
                send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
        }
        if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");

        /*
         * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
         * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
         * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
         * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
         * or multicast pings if they wish.
         */

        /*
         * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
         * as well.
         */
        hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
        (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
            sizeof(hold));
        /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
#ifndef __HAIKU__
        cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
        if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0)
                err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
#endif
        if (uid == 0)
                (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
                    sizeof(hold));
        /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
#ifndef __HAIKU__
        cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
        if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0)
                err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
#endif

        if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
                (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
                    inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
                if (source)
                        (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
                if (sweepmax)
                        (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
                            sweepmin, sweepmax);
                else
                        (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);

        } else {
                if (sweepmax)
                        (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
                            hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
                else
                        (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
        }

        /*
         * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
         * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
         */

        sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
        si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
        si_sa.sa_handler = onsignal;
        if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
                err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
        seenint = 0;
#ifndef __HAIKU__
        if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
                err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINFO");
        seeninfo = 0;
#endif
        if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
                if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
        }

        bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
        msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
        msg.msg_iov = &iov;
        msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
#ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
        msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
        msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
#endif
        iov.iov_base = packet;
        iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;

        if (preload == 0)
                pinger();               /* send the first ping */
        else {
                if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
                        preload = npackets;
                while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
                        pinger();
        }
        (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);

        if (options & F_FLOOD) {
                intvl.tv_sec = 0;
                intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
        } else {
                intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
                intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
        }

        almost_done = 0;
        while (seenint == 0) {
                struct timespec now, timeout;
                fd_set rfds;
                int n;
                ssize_t cc;

                /* signal handling */
                if (seeninfo) {
                        pr_summary(stderr);
                        seeninfo = 0;
                        continue;
                }
                if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
                        errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
                FD_ZERO(&rfds);
                FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
                (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
                timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
                timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
                if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
                        timespecclear(&timeout);

                n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
                if (n < 0)
                        continue;       /* EINTR */
                if (n == 1) {
                        struct timespec *tv = NULL;
#ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
                        struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
#endif
                        msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
                        if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
                                if (errno == EINTR)
                                        continue;
                                warn("recvmsg");
                                continue;
                        }
                        /* If we have a 0 byte read from recvfrom continue */
                        if (cc == 0)
                                continue;
#ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
                        if (cmsg != NULL &&
                            cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
                            cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
                            cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
                                /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
                                memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
                                tv = &now;
                        }
#endif
                        if (tv == NULL) {
                                (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
                                tv = &now;
                        }
                        pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
                        if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
                            (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
                                break;
                }
                if (n == 0 || (options & F_FLOOD)) {
                        if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
                                if (datalen + sweepincr > sweepmax)
                                        break;
                                for (i = 0; i < sweepincr; i++)
                                        *datap++ = i;
                                datalen += sweepincr;
                                send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
                                sntransmitted = 0;
                        }
                        if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
                                pinger();
                        else {
                                if (almost_done)
                                        break;
                                almost_done = 1;
                                /*
                                 * If we're not transmitting any more packets,
                                 * change the timer to wait two round-trip times
                                 * if we've received any packets or (waittime)
                                 * milliseconds if we haven't.
                                 */
                                intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
                                if (nreceived) {
                                        intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
                                        if (intvl.tv_sec == 0)
                                                intvl.tv_sec = 1;
                                } else {
                                        intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
                                        intvl.tv_nsec =
                                            waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
                                }
                        }
                        (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
                        if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
                                nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
                                if (options & F_MISSED)
                                        (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
                        }
                }
        }
        pr_summary(stdout);

        exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
}

/*
 * pinger --
 *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
 * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
 * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in
 * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
 */
static void
pinger(void)
{
        struct timespec now;
        struct tv32 tv32;
        struct icmp icp;
        int cc, i;
        u_char *packet;

        packet = outpack;
        memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);
        icp.icmp_type = icmp_type;
        icp.icmp_code = 0;
        icp.icmp_cksum = 0;
        icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
        icp.icmp_id = ident;                    /* ID */

        CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);

        if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
                (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
                /*
                 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
                 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
                 * packet. We're only concerned with
                 * durations, not absolute times.
                 */
                tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec);
                tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec);
                if (options & F_TIME)
                        icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
                                * 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000);
                if (timing)
                        bcopy((void *)&tv32,
                            (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
                            sizeof(tv32));
        }

        memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len);

        cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;

        /* compute ICMP checksum here */
        icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc);
        /* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */
        memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum,
            sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum));

        if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
                struct ip ip;

                cc += sizeof(struct ip);
                ip.ip_len = htons(cc);
                /* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */
                memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len,
                    sizeof(ip.ip_len));
                ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc);
                /* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */
                memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum,
                    sizeof(ip.ip_sum));
                packet = outpackhdr;
        }
        i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
        if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
                if (i < 0) {
                        if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
                                usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
                                return;
                        }
                        warn("sendto");
                } else {
                        warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
                             hostname, i, cc);
                }
        }
        ntransmitted++;
        sntransmitted++;
        if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_DOT)
                (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT[DOTidx++ % DOTlen], 1);
}

/*
 * pr_pack --
 *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
 * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
 */
static void
pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv)
{
        struct in_addr ina;
        u_char *cp, *dp, l;
        struct icmp icp;
        struct ip ip;
        const u_char *icmp_data_raw;
        ssize_t icmp_data_raw_len;
        double triptime;
        int dupflag, i, j, recv_len;
        int8_t hlen;
        uint16_t seq;
        static int old_rrlen;
        static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
        struct ip oip;
        u_char oip_header_len;
        struct icmp oicmp;
        const u_char *oicmp_raw;

        /*
         * Get size of IP header of the received packet.
         * The header length is contained in the lower four bits of the first
         * byte and represents the number of 4 byte octets the header takes up.
         *
         * The IHL minimum value is 5 (20 bytes) and its maximum value is 15
         * (60 bytes).
         */
        memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l));
        hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2;

        /* Reject IP packets with a short header */
        if (hlen < (int8_t) sizeof(struct ip)) {
                if (options & F_VERBOSE)
                        warn("IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s", hlen,
                             inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
                return;
        }

        memcpy(&ip, buf, sizeof(struct ip));

        /* Check packet has enough data to carry a valid ICMP header */
        recv_len = cc;
        if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
                if (options & F_VERBOSE)
                        warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc,
                             inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
                return;
        }

        icmp_data_raw_len = cc - (hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
        icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data);

        /* Now the ICMP part */
        cc -= hlen;
        memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc));
        if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
                if (icp.icmp_id != ident)
                        return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
                ++nreceived;
                triptime = 0.0;
                if (timing) {
                        struct timespec tv1;
                        struct tv32 tv32;
                        const u_char *tp;

                        tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len;

                        if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >=
                            sizeof(tv1)) {
                                /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
                                memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
                                tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
                                tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec);
                                timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv);
                                triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
                                    ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
                                if (triptime < 0) {
                                        warnx("time of day goes back (%.3f ms),"
                                            " clamping time to 0",
                                            triptime);
                                        triptime = 0;
                                }
                                tsum += triptime;
                                tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
                                if (triptime < tmin)
                                        tmin = triptime;
                                if (triptime > tmax)
                                        tmax = triptime;
                        } else
                                timing = 0;
                }

                seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq);

                if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
                        ++nrepeats;
                        --nreceived;
                        dupflag = 1;
                } else {
                        SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
                        dupflag = 0;
                }

                if (options & F_QUIET)
                        return;

                if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
                        ++nrcvtimeout;
                        return;
                }

                if (options & F_DOT)
                        (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
                else {
                        (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
                            pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq);
                        (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl);
                        if (timing)
                                (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
                        if (dupflag)
                                (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
                        if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
                                (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
                        if (options & F_MASK) {
                                /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
                                (void)printf(" mask=%s",
                                        inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask)));
                        }
                        if (options & F_TIME) {
                                (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime));
                                (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime));
                                (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime));
                        }
                        if (recv_len != send_len) {
                                (void)printf(
                                     "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
                                     recv_len, send_len);
                        }
                        /* check the data */
                        cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp,
                                icmp_data) + phdr_len);
                        dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
                        cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
                        i = 0;
                        if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
                                cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
                                dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
                                cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
                                i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
                        }
                        for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
                                if (*cp != *dp) {
        (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
            i, *dp, *cp);
                                        (void)printf("\ncp:");
                                        cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen +
                                            offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data));
                                        for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
                                                if ((i % 16) == 8)
                                                        (void)printf("\n\t");
                                                (void)printf(" %2x", *cp);
                                        }
                                        (void)printf("\ndp:");
                                        cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
                                        for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
                                                if ((i % 16) == 8)
                                                        (void)printf("\n\t");
                                                (void)printf(" %2x", *cp);
                                        }
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                }
        } else {
                /*
                 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
                 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
                 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
                 * and ICMP type and ID.
                 *
                 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
                 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
                 * available to those not running as root.
                 */

                /*
                 * If we don't have enough bytes for a quoted IP header and an
                 * ICMP header then stop.
                 */
                if (icmp_data_raw_len <
                                (ssize_t)(sizeof(struct ip) + sizeof(struct icmp))) {
                        if (options & F_VERBOSE)
                                warnx("quoted data too short (%zd bytes) from %s",
                                        icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
                        return;
                }

                memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len));
                oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2;

                /* Reject IP packets with a short header */
                if (oip_header_len < sizeof(struct ip)) {
                        if (options & F_VERBOSE)
                                warnx("inner IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s",
                                        oip_header_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
                        return;
                }

                /*
                 * Check against the actual IHL length, to protect against
                 * quoated packets carrying IP options.
                 */
                if (icmp_data_raw_len <
                                (ssize_t)(oip_header_len + sizeof(struct icmp))) {
                        if (options & F_VERBOSE)
                                warnx("inner packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s",
                                     icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
                        return;
                }

                memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(struct ip));
                oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len;
                memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, sizeof(struct icmp));

                if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
                    (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
                     (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
                     (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
                     (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
                     (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) {
                    (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc,
                        pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
                    pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, icmp_data_raw);
                } else
                    return;
        }

        /* Display any IP options */
        cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);

        for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
                switch (*cp) {
                case IPOPT_EOL:
                        hlen = 0;
                        break;
                case IPOPT_LSRR:
                case IPOPT_SSRR:
                        (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
                            "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
                        j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
                        hlen -= 2;
                        cp += 2;
                        if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
                            j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
                                for (;;) {
                                        bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
                                        if (ina.s_addr == 0)
                                                (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
                                        else
                                                (void)printf("\t%s",
                                                     pr_addr(ina));
                                        hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
                                        cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
                                        j -= INADDR_LEN;
                                        if (j < INADDR_LEN)
                                                break;
                                        (void)putchar('\n');
                                }
                        } else
                                (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
                        break;
                case IPOPT_RR:
                        j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
                        i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
                        hlen -= 2;
                        cp += 2;
                        if (i > j)
                                i = j;
                        i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
                        if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
                                old_rrlen = 0;
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (i == old_rrlen
                            && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
                            && !(options & F_DOT)) {
                                (void)printf("\t(same route)");
                                hlen -= i;
                                cp += i;
                                break;
                        }
                        old_rrlen = i;
                        bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
                        (void)printf("\nRR: ");
                        if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
                            i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
                                for (;;) {
                                        bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
                                        if (ina.s_addr == 0)
                                                (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
                                        else
                                                (void)printf("\t%s",
                                                     pr_addr(ina));
                                        hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
                                        cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
                                        i -= INADDR_LEN;
                                        if (i < INADDR_LEN)
                                                break;
                                        (void)putchar('\n');
                                }
                        } else
                                (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
                        break;
                case IPOPT_NOP:
                        (void)printf("\nNOP");
                        break;
                default:
                        (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
                        break;
                }
        if (!(options & F_DOT)) {
                (void)putchar('\n');
                (void)fflush(stdout);
        }
}

/*
 * pr_icmph --
 *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
 */
static void
pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw)
{

        switch(icp->icmp_type) {
        case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
                (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
                /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
                break;
        case ICMP_UNREACH:
                switch(icp->icmp_code) {
                case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
                        (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
                        break;
                case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
                        (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
                        break;
                case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
                        (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
                        break;
                case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
                        (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
                        break;
                case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
                        (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
                                        ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
                        break;
                case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
                        (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
                        break;
                case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
                        (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
                        break;
                default:
                        (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
                            icp->icmp_code);
                        break;
                }
                /* Print returned IP header information */
                pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
                break;
        case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
                (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
                pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
                break;
        case ICMP_REDIRECT:
                switch(icp->icmp_code) {
                case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
                        (void)printf("Redirect Network");
                        break;
                case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
                        (void)printf("Redirect Host");
                        break;
                case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
                        (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
                        break;
                case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
                        (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
                        break;
                default:
                        (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
                        break;
                }
                (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
                pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
                break;
        case ICMP_ECHO:
                (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
                /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
                break;
        case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
                switch(icp->icmp_code) {
                case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
                        (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
                        break;
                case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
                        (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
                        break;
                default:
                        (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
                            icp->icmp_code);
                        break;
                }
                pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
                break;
        case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
                (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
                    icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
                pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw);
                break;
        case ICMP_TSTAMP:
                (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
                /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
                break;
        case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
                (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
                /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
                break;
        case ICMP_IREQ:
                (void)printf("Information Request\n");
                /* XXX ID + Seq */
                break;
        case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
                (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
                /* XXX ID + Seq */
                break;
        case ICMP_MASKREQ:
                (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
                break;
        case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
                (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
                break;
        case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
                (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
                break;
        case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
                (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
                break;
        default:
                (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
        }
}

/*
 * pr_iph --
 *      Print an IP header with options.
 */
static void
pr_iph(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp)
{
        struct in_addr dst_ina, src_ina;
        int hlen;

        hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
        cp = cp + sizeof(struct ip);            /* point to options */

        memcpy(&src_ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof(src_ina));
        memcpy(&dst_ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof(dst_ina));

        (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks %*s %*s",
            (int)strlen(inet_ntoa(src_ina)), "Src",
            (int)strlen(inet_ntoa(dst_ina)), "Dst");
        if (hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip))
                (void)printf(" Opts");
        (void)putchar('\n');
        (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
            ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
            ntohs(ip->ip_id));
        (void)printf("   %1x %04x",
            (ntohs(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
            ntohs(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
        (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
                                                            ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
        (void)printf(" %s", inet_ntoa(src_ina));
        (void)printf(" %s", inet_ntoa(dst_ina));
        /* dump any option bytes */
        if (hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
                (void)printf(" ");
                while (hlen-- > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
                        (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
                }
        }
        (void)putchar('\n');
}

/*
 * pr_addr --
 *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
 * a hostname.
 */
static char *
pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
{
        struct hostent *hp;
        static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];

        if (!(options & F_HOSTNAME))
                return inet_ntoa(ina);

#ifdef __HAIKU__
#define cap_gethostbyaddr(w, x, y, z) gethostbyaddr(x, y, z)
#endif
        hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, sizeof(ina), AF_INET);

        if (hp == NULL)
                return inet_ntoa(ina);

        (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
            inet_ntoa(ina));
        return(buf);
}

static char *
pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
{
        static char buf[11];
        int hour, min, sec;

        sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
        hour = sec / 60 / 60;
        min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
        sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;

        (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);

        return (buf);
}

static void
fill(char *bp, char *patp)
{
        char *cp;
        int pat[16];
        u_int ii, jj, kk;

        for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
                if (!isxdigit(*cp))
                        errx(EX_USAGE,
                            "patterns must be specified as hex digits");

        }
        ii = sscanf(patp,
            "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
            &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
            &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
            &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);

        if (ii > 0)
                for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
                        for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
                                bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
        if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
                (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
                for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
                        (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
                (void)printf("\n");
        }
}

#ifndef __HAIKU__
static cap_channel_t *
capdns_setup(void)
{
        cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
#ifdef WITH_CASPER
        const char *types[2];
        int families[1];
#endif
        capcas = cap_init();
        if (capcas == NULL)
                err(1, "unable to create casper process");
        capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
        /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
        cap_close(capcas);
        if (capdnsloc == NULL)
                err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
#ifdef WITH_CASPER
        types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
        types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
        if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
                err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
        families[0] = AF_INET;
        if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
                err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
#endif
        return (capdnsloc);
}
#endif