root/usr.bin/kdump/kdump.c
/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#define _WANT_KERNEL_ERRNO
#ifdef __LP64__
#define _WANT_KEVENT32
#endif
#define _WANT_FREEBSD11_KEVENT
#define _WANT_FREEBSD_BITSET
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/capsicum.h>
#include <sys/_bitset.h>
#include <sys/bitset.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/event.h>
#include <sys/ktrace.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/inotify.h>
#include <sys/poll.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/sysent.h>
#include <sys/thr.h>
#include <sys/umtx.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#ifdef WITH_CASPER
#include <sys/nv.h>
#endif
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netlink/netlink.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <capsicum_helpers.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <nl_types.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysdecode.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <vis.h>
#include "ktrace.h"
#include "kdump.h"

#ifdef WITH_CASPER
#include <libcasper.h>

#include <casper/cap_grp.h>
#include <casper/cap_pwd.h>
#endif

static int fetchprocinfo(struct ktr_header *, u_int *);
static u_int findabi(struct ktr_header *);
static int fread_tail(void *, int, int);
static void dumpheader(struct ktr_header *, u_int);
static void dumptimeval(struct ktr_header_v0 *kth);
static void dumptimespec(struct ktr_header *kth);
static void ktrsyscall(struct ktr_syscall *, u_int);
static void ktrsysret(struct ktr_sysret *, u_int);
static void ktrnamei(char *, int);
static void hexdump(char *, int, int);
static void visdump(char *, int, int);
static void ktrgenio(struct ktr_genio *, int);
static void ktrpsig(struct ktr_psig *);
static void ktrcsw(struct ktr_csw *);
static void ktrcsw_old(struct ktr_csw_old *);
static void ktruser(int, void *);
static void ktrcaprights(cap_rights_t *);
static void ktrinotify(struct inotify_event *);
static void ktritimerval(struct itimerval *it);
static void ktrsockaddr(struct sockaddr *);
static void ktrsplice(struct splice *);
static void ktrstat(struct stat *);
static void ktrstruct(char *, size_t);
static void ktrthrparam(struct thr_param *);
static void ktrcapfail(struct ktr_cap_fail *);
static void ktrfault(struct ktr_fault *);
static void ktrfaultend(struct ktr_faultend *);
static void ktrkevent(struct kevent *);
static void ktrpollfd(struct pollfd *);
static void ktrstructarray(struct ktr_struct_array *, size_t);
static void ktrbitset(char *, struct bitset *, size_t);
static void ktrsyscall_freebsd(struct ktr_syscall *ktr, register_t **resip,
    int *resnarg, char *resc, u_int sv_flags);
static void ktrexecve(char *, int);
static void ktrexterr(struct ktr_exterr *);
static void usage(void);

#define TIMESTAMP_NONE          0x0
#define TIMESTAMP_ABSOLUTE      0x1
#define TIMESTAMP_ELAPSED       0x2
#define TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE      0x4

bool decimal, fancy = true, resolv;
static bool abiflag, suppressdata, syscallno, tail, threads, cpuflag;
static int timestamp, maxdata;
static const char *tracefile = DEF_TRACEFILE;
static struct ktr_header ktr_header;
static short version;

#define TIME_FORMAT     "%b %e %T %Y"
#define eqs(s1, s2)     (strcmp((s1), (s2)) == 0)

struct proc_info
{
        TAILQ_ENTRY(proc_info)  info;
        u_int                   sv_flags;
        pid_t                   pid;
};

static TAILQ_HEAD(trace_procs, proc_info) trace_procs;

#ifdef WITH_CASPER
static cap_channel_t *cappwd, *capgrp;

static int
cappwdgrp_setup(cap_channel_t **cappwdp, cap_channel_t **capgrpp)
{
        cap_channel_t *capcas, *cappwdloc, *capgrploc;
        const char *cmds[1], *fields[1];

        capcas = cap_init();
        if (capcas == NULL) {
                err(1, "unable to create casper process");
                exit(1);
        }
        cappwdloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.pwd");
        capgrploc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.grp");
        /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
        cap_close(capcas);
        if (cappwdloc == NULL || capgrploc == NULL) {
                if (cappwdloc == NULL)
                        warn("unable to open system.pwd service");
                if (capgrploc == NULL)
                        warn("unable to open system.grp service");
                exit(1);
        }
        /* Limit system.pwd to only getpwuid() function and pw_name field. */
        cmds[0] = "getpwuid";
        if (cap_pwd_limit_cmds(cappwdloc, cmds, 1) < 0)
                err(1, "unable to limit system.pwd service");
        fields[0] = "pw_name";
        if (cap_pwd_limit_fields(cappwdloc, fields, 1) < 0)
                err(1, "unable to limit system.pwd service");
        /* Limit system.grp to only getgrgid() function and gr_name field. */
        cmds[0] = "getgrgid";
        if (cap_grp_limit_cmds(capgrploc, cmds, 1) < 0)
                err(1, "unable to limit system.grp service");
        fields[0] = "gr_name";
        if (cap_grp_limit_fields(capgrploc, fields, 1) < 0)
                err(1, "unable to limit system.grp service");

        *cappwdp = cappwdloc;
        *capgrpp = capgrploc;
        return (0);
}
#endif  /* WITH_CASPER */

void
print_integer_arg(const char *(*decoder)(int), int value)
{
        const char *str;

        str = decoder(value);
        if (str != NULL)
                printf("%s", str);
        else {
                if (decimal)
                        printf("<invalid=%d>", value);
                else
                        printf("<invalid=%#x>", value);
        }
}

/* Like print_integer_arg but unknown values are treated as valid. */
void
print_integer_arg_valid(const char *(*decoder)(int), int value)
{
        const char *str;

        str = decoder(value);
        if (str != NULL)
                printf("%s", str);
        else {
                if (decimal)
                        printf("%d", value);
                else
                        printf("%#x", value);
        }
}

bool
print_mask_arg_part(bool (*decoder)(FILE *, int, int *), int value, int *rem)
{

        printf("%#x<", value);
        return (decoder(stdout, value, rem));
}

void
print_mask_arg(bool (*decoder)(FILE *, int, int *), int value)
{
        bool invalid;
        int rem;

        invalid = !print_mask_arg_part(decoder, value, &rem);
        printf(">");
        if (invalid)
                printf("<invalid>%u", rem);
}

void
print_mask_arg0(bool (*decoder)(FILE *, int, int *), int value)
{
        bool invalid;
        int rem;

        if (value == 0) {
                printf("0");
                return;
        }
        printf("%#x<", value);
        invalid = !decoder(stdout, value, &rem);
        printf(">");
        if (invalid)
                printf("<invalid>%u", rem);
}

static void
decode_fileflags(fflags_t value)
{
        bool invalid;
        fflags_t rem;

        if (value == 0) {
                printf("0");
                return;
        }
        printf("%#x<", value);
        invalid = !sysdecode_fileflags(stdout, value, &rem);
        printf(">");
        if (invalid)
                printf("<invalid>%u", rem);
}

void
decode_filemode(int value)
{
        bool invalid;
        int rem;

        if (value == 0) {
                printf("0");
                return;
        }
        printf("%#o<", value);
        invalid = !sysdecode_filemode(stdout, value, &rem);
        printf(">");
        if (invalid)
                printf("<invalid>%u", rem);
}

void
print_mask_arg32(bool (*decoder)(FILE *, uint32_t, uint32_t *), uint32_t value)
{
        bool invalid;
        uint32_t rem;

        printf("%#x<", value);
        invalid = !decoder(stdout, value, &rem);
        printf(">");
        if (invalid)
                printf("<invalid>%u", rem);
}

void
print_mask_argul(bool (*decoder)(FILE *, u_long, u_long *), u_long value)
{
        bool invalid;
        u_long rem;

        if (value == 0) {
                printf("0");
                return;
        }
        printf("%#lx<", value);
        invalid = !decoder(stdout, value, &rem);
        printf(">");
        if (invalid)
                printf("<invalid>%lu", rem);
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int ch, ktrlen, size;
        void *m;
        int trpoints = ALL_POINTS;
        int drop_logged;
        pid_t pid = 0;
        u_int sv_flags;

        setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");

        timestamp = TIMESTAMP_NONE;

        while ((ch = getopt(argc,argv,"f:cdElm:np:AHRrSsTt:")) != -1)
                switch (ch) {
                case 'A':
                        abiflag = true;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        tracefile = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        cpuflag = true;
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        decimal = true;
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        tail = true;
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        maxdata = atoi(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        fancy = false;
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        pid = atoi(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'r':
                        resolv = true;
                        break;
                case 'S':
                        syscallno = true;
                        break;
                case 's':
                        suppressdata = true;
                        break;
                case 'E':
                        timestamp |= TIMESTAMP_ELAPSED;
                        break;
                case 'H':
                        threads = true;
                        break;
                case 'R':
                        timestamp |= TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE;
                        break;
                case 'T':
                        timestamp |= TIMESTAMP_ABSOLUTE;
                        break;
                case 't':
                        trpoints = getpoints(optarg);
                        if (trpoints < 0)
                                errx(1, "unknown trace point in %s", optarg);
                        break;
                default:
                        usage();
                }

        if (argc > optind)
                usage();

        m = malloc(size = 1025);
        if (m == NULL)
                errx(1, "%s", strerror(ENOMEM));
        if (strcmp(tracefile, "-") != 0)
                if (!freopen(tracefile, "r", stdin))
                        err(1, "%s", tracefile);

        caph_cache_catpages();
        caph_cache_tzdata();

#ifdef WITH_CASPER
        if (resolv) {
                if (cappwdgrp_setup(&cappwd, &capgrp) < 0) {
                        cappwd = NULL;
                        capgrp = NULL;
                }
        }
        if (!resolv || (cappwd != NULL && capgrp != NULL)) {
                if (caph_enter() < 0)
                        err(1, "unable to enter capability mode");
        }
#else
        if (!resolv) {
                if (caph_enter() < 0)
                        err(1, "unable to enter capability mode");
        }
#endif
        if (caph_limit_stdio() == -1)
                err(1, "unable to limit stdio");

        TAILQ_INIT(&trace_procs);
        drop_logged = 0;
        while (fread_tail(&ktr_header, sizeof(struct ktr_header), 1)) {
                if (ktr_header.ktr_type & KTR_VERSIONED) {
                        ktr_header.ktr_type &= ~KTR_VERSIONED;
                        version = ktr_header.ktr_version;
                } else
                        version = KTR_VERSION0;
                if (ktr_header.ktr_type & KTR_DROP) {
                        ktr_header.ktr_type &= ~KTR_DROP;
                        if (!drop_logged && threads) {
                                printf(
                                    "%6d %6d %-8.*s Events dropped.\n",
                                    ktr_header.ktr_pid,
                                    ktr_header.ktr_tid > 0 ?
                                    (lwpid_t)ktr_header.ktr_tid : 0,
                                    MAXCOMLEN, ktr_header.ktr_comm);
                                drop_logged = 1;
                        } else if (!drop_logged) {
                                printf("%6d %-8.*s Events dropped.\n",
                                    ktr_header.ktr_pid, MAXCOMLEN,
                                    ktr_header.ktr_comm);
                                drop_logged = 1;
                        }
                }
                if ((ktrlen = ktr_header.ktr_len) < 0)
                        errx(1, "bogus length 0x%x", ktrlen);
                if (ktrlen > size) {
                        m = realloc(m, ktrlen+1);
                        if (m == NULL)
                                errx(1, "%s", strerror(ENOMEM));
                        size = ktrlen;
                }
                if (version == KTR_VERSION0 &&
                    fseek(stdin, KTR_OFFSET_V0, SEEK_CUR) < 0)
                        errx(1, "%s", strerror(errno));
                if (ktrlen && fread_tail(m, ktrlen, 1) == 0)
                        errx(1, "data too short");
                if (fetchprocinfo(&ktr_header, (u_int *)m) != 0)
                        continue;
                if (pid && ktr_header.ktr_pid != pid &&
                    ktr_header.ktr_tid != pid)
                        continue;
                if ((trpoints & (1<<ktr_header.ktr_type)) == 0)
                        continue;
                sv_flags = findabi(&ktr_header);
                dumpheader(&ktr_header, sv_flags);
                drop_logged = 0;
                switch (ktr_header.ktr_type) {
                case KTR_SYSCALL:
                        ktrsyscall((struct ktr_syscall *)m, sv_flags);
                        break;
                case KTR_SYSRET:
                        ktrsysret((struct ktr_sysret *)m, sv_flags);
                        break;
                case KTR_NAMEI:
                case KTR_SYSCTL:
                        ktrnamei(m, ktrlen);
                        break;
                case KTR_GENIO:
                        ktrgenio((struct ktr_genio *)m, ktrlen);
                        break;
                case KTR_PSIG:
                        ktrpsig((struct ktr_psig *)m);
                        break;
                case KTR_CSW:
                        if (ktrlen == sizeof(struct ktr_csw_old))
                                ktrcsw_old((struct ktr_csw_old *)m);
                        else
                                ktrcsw((struct ktr_csw *)m);
                        break;
                case KTR_USER:
                        ktruser(ktrlen, m);
                        break;
                case KTR_STRUCT:
                        ktrstruct(m, ktrlen);
                        break;
                case KTR_CAPFAIL:
                        ktrcapfail((struct ktr_cap_fail *)m);
                        break;
                case KTR_FAULT:
                        ktrfault((struct ktr_fault *)m);
                        break;
                case KTR_FAULTEND:
                        ktrfaultend((struct ktr_faultend *)m);
                        break;
                case KTR_STRUCT_ARRAY:
                        ktrstructarray((struct ktr_struct_array *)m, ktrlen);
                        break;
                case KTR_ARGS:
                case KTR_ENVS:
                        ktrexecve(m, ktrlen);
                        break;
                case KTR_EXTERR:
                        ktrexterr((struct ktr_exterr *)m);
                        break;
                default:
                        printf("\n");
                        break;
                }
                if (tail)
                        fflush(stdout);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int
fread_tail(void *buf, int size, int num)
{
        int i;

        while ((i = fread(buf, size, num, stdin)) == 0 && tail) {
                sleep(1);
                clearerr(stdin);
        }
        return (i);
}

static int
fetchprocinfo(struct ktr_header *kth, u_int *flags)
{
        struct proc_info *pi;

        switch (kth->ktr_type) {
        case KTR_PROCCTOR:
                TAILQ_FOREACH(pi, &trace_procs, info) {
                        if (pi->pid == kth->ktr_pid) {
                                TAILQ_REMOVE(&trace_procs, pi, info);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                pi = malloc(sizeof(struct proc_info));
                if (pi == NULL)
                        errx(1, "%s", strerror(ENOMEM));
                pi->sv_flags = *flags;
                pi->pid = kth->ktr_pid;
                TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&trace_procs, pi, info);
                return (1);

        case KTR_PROCDTOR:
                TAILQ_FOREACH(pi, &trace_procs, info) {
                        if (pi->pid == kth->ktr_pid) {
                                TAILQ_REMOVE(&trace_procs, pi, info);
                                free(pi);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                return (1);
        }

        return (0);
}

static u_int
findabi(struct ktr_header *kth)
{
        struct proc_info *pi;

        TAILQ_FOREACH(pi, &trace_procs, info) {
                if (pi->pid == kth->ktr_pid) {
                        return (pi->sv_flags);
                }
        }
        return (0);
}

static void
dumptimeval(struct ktr_header_v0 *kth)
{
        static struct timeval prevtime, prevtime_e;
        struct timeval temp;
        const char *sign;

        if (timestamp & TIMESTAMP_ABSOLUTE) {
                printf("%jd.%06ld ", (intmax_t)kth->ktr_time.tv_sec,
                    kth->ktr_time.tv_usec);
        }
        if (timestamp & TIMESTAMP_ELAPSED) {
                if (prevtime_e.tv_sec == 0)
                        prevtime_e = kth->ktr_time;
                timersub(&kth->ktr_time, &prevtime_e, &temp);
                printf("%jd.%06ld ", (intmax_t)temp.tv_sec,
                    temp.tv_usec);
        }
        if (timestamp & TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE) {
                if (prevtime.tv_sec == 0)
                        prevtime = kth->ktr_time;
                if (timercmp(&kth->ktr_time, &prevtime, <)) {
                        timersub(&prevtime, &kth->ktr_time, &temp);
                        sign = "-";
                } else {
                        timersub(&kth->ktr_time, &prevtime, &temp);
                        sign = "";
                }
                prevtime = kth->ktr_time;
                printf("%s%jd.%06ld ", sign, (intmax_t)temp.tv_sec,
                    temp.tv_usec);
        }
}

static void
dumptimespec(struct ktr_header *kth)
{
        static struct timespec prevtime, prevtime_e;
        struct timespec temp;
        const char *sign;

        if (timestamp & TIMESTAMP_ABSOLUTE) {
                printf("%jd.%09ld ", (intmax_t)kth->ktr_time.tv_sec,
                    kth->ktr_time.tv_nsec);
        }
        if (timestamp & TIMESTAMP_ELAPSED) {
                if (prevtime_e.tv_sec == 0)
                        prevtime_e = kth->ktr_time;
                timespecsub(&kth->ktr_time, &prevtime_e, &temp);
                printf("%jd.%09ld ", (intmax_t)temp.tv_sec,
                    temp.tv_nsec);
        }
        if (timestamp & TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE) {
                if (prevtime.tv_sec == 0)
                        prevtime = kth->ktr_time;
                if (timespeccmp(&kth->ktr_time, &prevtime, <)) {
                        timespecsub(&prevtime, &kth->ktr_time, &temp);
                        sign = "-";
                } else {
                        timespecsub(&kth->ktr_time, &prevtime, &temp);
                        sign = "";
                }
                prevtime = kth->ktr_time;
                printf("%s%jd.%09ld ", sign, (intmax_t)temp.tv_sec,
                    temp.tv_nsec);
        }
}

static const char * const hdr_names[] = {
        [KTR_SYSCALL] =         "CALL",
        [KTR_SYSRET] =          "RET ",
        [KTR_NAMEI] =           "NAMI",
        [KTR_GENIO] =           "GIO ",
        [KTR_PSIG] =            "PSIG",
        [KTR_CSW] =             "CSW ",
        [KTR_USER] =            "USER",
        [KTR_STRUCT] =          "STRU",
        [KTR_STRUCT_ARRAY] =    "STRU",
        [KTR_SYSCTL] =          "SCTL",
        [KTR_CAPFAIL] =         "CAP ",
        [KTR_FAULT] =           "PFLT",
        [KTR_FAULTEND] =        "PRET",
        [KTR_ARGS] =            "ARGS",
        [KTR_ENVS] =            "ENVS",
        [KTR_EXTERR] =          "EERR",
};

static void
dumpheader(struct ktr_header *kth, u_int sv_flags)
{
        static char unknown[64];
        const char *abi;
        const char *arch;
        const char *type;

        if (kth->ktr_type < 0 || (size_t)kth->ktr_type >= nitems(hdr_names)) {
                snprintf(unknown, sizeof(unknown), "UNKNOWN(%d)",
                    kth->ktr_type);
                type = unknown;
        } else {
                type = hdr_names[kth->ktr_type];
        }

        /*
         * The ktr_tid field was previously the ktr_buffer field, which held
         * the kernel pointer value for the buffer associated with data
         * following the record header.  It now holds a threadid, but only
         * for trace files after the change.  Older trace files still contain
         * kernel pointers.  Detect this and suppress the results by printing
         * negative tid's as 0.
         */
        if (threads)
                printf("%6d %6d %-8.*s ", kth->ktr_pid,
                    kth->ktr_tid > 0 ? (lwpid_t)kth->ktr_tid : 0,
                    MAXCOMLEN, kth->ktr_comm);
        else
                printf("%6d %-8.*s ", kth->ktr_pid, MAXCOMLEN, kth->ktr_comm);
        if (timestamp) {
                if (version == KTR_VERSION0)
                        dumptimeval((struct ktr_header_v0 *)kth);
                else
                        dumptimespec(kth);
        }
        if (cpuflag && version > KTR_VERSION0)
                printf("%3d ", kth->ktr_cpu);
        printf("%s  ", type);
        if (abiflag != 0) {
                switch (sv_flags & SV_ABI_MASK) {
                case SV_ABI_LINUX:
                        abi = "L";
                        break;
                case SV_ABI_FREEBSD:
                        abi = "F";
                        break;
                default:
                        abi = "U";
                        break;
                }

                if ((sv_flags & SV_LP64) != 0)
                        arch = "64";
                else if ((sv_flags & SV_ILP32) != 0)
                        arch = "32";
                else
                        arch = "00";

                printf("%s%s  ", abi, arch);
        }
}

#include <sys/syscall.h>

static void
ioctlname(unsigned long val)
{
        const char *str;

        str = sysdecode_ioctlname(val);
        if (str != NULL)
                printf("%s", str);
        else if (decimal)
                printf("%lu", val);
        else
                printf("%#lx", val);
}

static enum sysdecode_abi
syscallabi(u_int sv_flags)
{

        if (sv_flags == 0)
                return (SYSDECODE_ABI_FREEBSD);
        switch (sv_flags & SV_ABI_MASK) {
        case SV_ABI_FREEBSD:
                return (SYSDECODE_ABI_FREEBSD);
        case SV_ABI_LINUX:
#ifdef __LP64__
                if (sv_flags & SV_ILP32)
                        return (SYSDECODE_ABI_LINUX32);
#endif
                return (SYSDECODE_ABI_LINUX);
        default:
                return (SYSDECODE_ABI_UNKNOWN);
        }
}

static void
syscallname(u_int code, u_int sv_flags)
{
        const char *name;

        name = sysdecode_syscallname(syscallabi(sv_flags), code);
        if (name == NULL)
                printf("[%d]", code);
        else {
                printf("%s", name);
                if (syscallno)
                        printf("[%d]", code);
        }
}

static void
print_signal(int signo)
{
        const char *signame;

        signame = sysdecode_signal(signo);
        if (signame != NULL)
                printf("%s", signame);
        else
                printf("SIG %d", signo);
}

static void
ktrsyscall(struct ktr_syscall *ktr, u_int sv_flags)
{
        int narg = ktr->ktr_narg;
        register_t *ip;

        syscallname(ktr->ktr_code, sv_flags);
        ip = &ktr->ktr_args[0];
        if (narg) {
                char c = '(';
                if (fancy) {
                        switch (sv_flags & SV_ABI_MASK) {
                        case SV_ABI_FREEBSD:
                                ktrsyscall_freebsd(ktr, &ip, &narg, &c,
                                    sv_flags);
                                break;
#ifdef SYSDECODE_HAVE_LINUX
                        case SV_ABI_LINUX:
#ifdef __amd64__
                                if (sv_flags & SV_ILP32)
                                        ktrsyscall_linux32(ktr, &ip,
                                            &narg, &c);
                                else
#endif
                                ktrsyscall_linux(ktr, &ip, &narg, &c);
                                break;
#endif /* SYSDECODE_HAVE_LINUX */
                        }
                }
                while (narg > 0)
                        print_number(ip, narg, c);
                putchar(')');
        }
        putchar('\n');
}

static void
ktrsyscall_freebsd(struct ktr_syscall *ktr, register_t **resip,
    int *resnarg, char *resc, u_int sv_flags)
{
        int narg = ktr->ktr_narg;
        register_t *ip, *first;
        intmax_t arg;
        int quad_align, quad_slots;

        ip = first = &ktr->ktr_args[0];
        char c = *resc;

                        quad_align = 0;
                        if (sv_flags & SV_ILP32) {
#ifdef __powerpc__
                                quad_align = 1;
#endif
                                quad_slots = 2;
                        } else
                                quad_slots = 1;
                        switch (ktr->ktr_code) {
                        case SYS_bindat:
                        case SYS_chflagsat:
                        case SYS_connectat:
                        case SYS_faccessat:
                        case SYS_fchmodat:
                        case SYS_fchownat:
                        case SYS_fstatat:
                        case SYS_futimesat:
                        case SYS_linkat:
                        case SYS_mkdirat:
                        case SYS_mkfifoat:
                        case SYS_mknodat:
                        case SYS_openat:
                        case SYS_readlinkat:
                        case SYS_renameat:
                        case SYS_unlinkat:
                        case SYS_utimensat:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg_valid(sysdecode_atfd, *ip);
                                c = ',';
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        }
                        switch (ktr->ktr_code) {
                        case SYS_ioctl: {
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(c);
                                ioctlname(*ip);
                                c = ',';
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        }
                        case SYS_ptrace:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_ptrace_request, *ip);
                                c = ',';
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_access:
                        case SYS_eaccess:
                        case SYS_faccessat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_access_mode, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_close_range:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_close_range_flags,
                                    *ip);
                                ip += 3;
                                narg -= 3;
                                break;
                        case SYS_open:
                        case SYS_openat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_open_flags, ip[0]);
                                if ((ip[0] & O_CREAT) == O_CREAT) {
                                        putchar(',');
                                        decode_filemode(ip[1]);
                                }
                                ip += 2;
                                narg -= 2;
                                break;
                        case SYS_wait4:
                                *ip = (pid_t)*ip;
                                print_decimal_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_wait4_options, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_wait6:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_idtype, *ip);
                                c = ',';
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                print_decimal_number64(first, ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_wait6_options, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_chmod:
                        case SYS_fchmod:
                        case SYS_lchmod:
                        case SYS_fchmodat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                decode_filemode(*ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_mknodat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                decode_filemode(*ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_getfsstat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_getfsstat_mode, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_mount:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_mount_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_unmount:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_mount_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_recvmsg:
                        case SYS_sendmsg:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_msg_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_recvfrom:
                        case SYS_sendto:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_msg_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_chflags:
                        case SYS_chflagsat:
                        case SYS_fchflags:
                        case SYS_lchflags:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                decode_fileflags(*ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_kill:
                                *ip = (pid_t)*ip;
                                print_decimal_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_signal(*ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_reboot:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_reboot_howto, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_umask:
                                putchar('(');
                                decode_filemode(*ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_msync:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_msync_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
#ifdef SYS_freebsd6_mmap
                        case SYS_freebsd6_mmap:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_mmap_prot, *ip);
                                putchar(',');
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_mmap_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
#endif
                        case SYS_mmap:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_mmap_prot, *ip);
                                putchar(',');
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_mmap_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_mprotect:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_mmap_prot, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_madvise:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_madvice, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_pathconf:
                        case SYS_lpathconf:
                        case SYS_fpathconf:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_pathconf_name, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_getpriority:
                        case SYS_setpriority:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_prio_which, *ip);
                                c = ',';
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_fcntl:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_fcntl_cmd, ip[0]);
                                if (sysdecode_fcntl_arg_p(ip[0])) {
                                        putchar(',');
                                        if (ip[0] == F_SETFL)
                                                print_mask_arg(
                                                    sysdecode_fcntl_fileflags,
                                                        ip[1]);
                                        else
                                                sysdecode_fcntl_arg(stdout,
                                                    ip[0], ip[1],
                                                    decimal ? 10 : 16);
                                }
                                ip += 2;
                                narg -= 2;
                                break;
                        case SYS_socket: {
                                int sockdomain;
                                putchar('(');
                                sockdomain = *ip;
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_socketdomain,
                                    sockdomain);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_socket_type, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                if (sockdomain == PF_INET ||
                                    sockdomain == PF_INET6) {
                                        putchar(',');
                                        print_integer_arg(sysdecode_ipproto,
                                            *ip);
                                        ip++;
                                        narg--;
                                }
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        }
                        case SYS_setsockopt:
                        case SYS_getsockopt: {
                                const char *str;

                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg_valid(sysdecode_sockopt_level,
                                    *ip);
                                str = sysdecode_sockopt_name(ip[0], ip[1]);
                                if (str != NULL) {
                                        printf(",%s", str);
                                        ip++;
                                        narg--;
                                }
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        }
#ifdef SYS_freebsd6_lseek
                        case SYS_freebsd6_lseek:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                /* Hidden 'pad' argument, not in lseek(2) */
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number64(first, ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_whence, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
#endif
                        case SYS_lseek:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number64(first, ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_whence, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_flock:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_flock_operation, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_mkfifo:
                        case SYS_mkfifoat:
                        case SYS_mkdir:
                        case SYS_mkdirat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                decode_filemode(*ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_shutdown:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_shutdown_how, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_socketpair:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_socketdomain, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_socket_type, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS_getrlimit:
                        case SYS_setrlimit:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_rlimit, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS_getrusage:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_getrusage_who, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS_quotactl:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                if (!sysdecode_quotactl_cmd(stdout, *ip)) {
                                        if (decimal)
                                                printf("<invalid=%d>", (int)*ip);
                                        else
                                                printf("<invalid=%#x>",
                                                    (int)*ip);
                                }
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS_nfssvc:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_nfssvc_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS_rtprio:
                        case SYS_rtprio_thread:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_rtprio_function,
                                    *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS___semctl:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_semctl_cmd, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_semget:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_semget_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_msgctl:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_msgctl_cmd, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_shmat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_shmat_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_shmctl:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_shmctl_cmd, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
#ifdef SYS_freebsd12_shm_open
                        case SYS_freebsd12_shm_open:
                                if (ip[0] == (uintptr_t)SHM_ANON) {
                                        printf("(SHM_ANON");
                                        ip++;
                                } else {
                                        print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                }
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_open_flags, ip[0]);
                                putchar(',');
                                decode_filemode(ip[1]);
                                ip += 2;
                                narg -= 2;
                                break;
#endif
                        case SYS_shm_open2:
                                if (ip[0] == (uintptr_t)SHM_ANON) {
                                        printf("(SHM_ANON");
                                        ip++;
                                } else {
                                        print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                }
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_open_flags, ip[0]);
                                putchar(',');
                                decode_filemode(ip[1]);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_shmflags, ip[2]);
                                ip += 3;
                                narg -= 3;
                                break;
                        case SYS_minherit:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_minherit_inherit,
                                    *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_rfork:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_rfork_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS_lio_listio:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_lio_listio_mode,
                                    *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS_mlockall:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_mlockall_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_sched_setscheduler:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_scheduler_policy,
                                    *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_sched_get_priority_max:
                        case SYS_sched_get_priority_min:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_scheduler_policy,
                                    *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_sendfile:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_sendfile_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_kldsym:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_kldsym_cmd, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_sigprocmask:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_sigprocmask_how,
                                    *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS___acl_get_file:
                        case SYS___acl_set_file:
                        case SYS___acl_get_fd:
                        case SYS___acl_set_fd:
                        case SYS___acl_delete_file:
                        case SYS___acl_delete_fd:
                        case SYS___acl_aclcheck_file:
                        case SYS___acl_aclcheck_fd:
                        case SYS___acl_get_link:
                        case SYS___acl_set_link:
                        case SYS___acl_delete_link:
                        case SYS___acl_aclcheck_link:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_acltype, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_sigaction:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_signal(*ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS_extattrctl:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_extattrnamespace,
                                    *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_nmount:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_mount_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_thr_create:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg(sysdecode_thr_create_flags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_thr_kill:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_signal(*ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_kldunloadf:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_kldunload_flags,
                                    *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_linkat:
                        case SYS_renameat:
                        case SYS_symlinkat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg_valid(sysdecode_atfd, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                break;
                        case SYS_cap_fcntls_limit:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                arg = *ip;
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                print_mask_arg32(sysdecode_cap_fcntlrights, arg);
                                break;
                        case SYS_posix_fadvise:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                (void)putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_fadvice, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS_procctl:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_idtype, *ip);
                                c = ',';
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                print_number64(first, ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_procctl_cmd, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        case SYS__umtx_op: {
                                int op;

                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                putchar(',');
                                if (print_mask_arg_part(sysdecode_umtx_op_flags,
                                    *ip, &op))
                                        putchar('|');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_umtx_op, op);
                                putchar('>');
                                switch (*ip) {
                                case UMTX_OP_CV_WAIT:
                                        ip++;
                                        narg--;
                                        putchar(',');
                                        print_mask_argul(
                                            sysdecode_umtx_cvwait_flags, *ip);
                                        break;
                                case UMTX_OP_RW_RDLOCK:
                                        ip++;
                                        narg--;
                                        putchar(',');
                                        print_mask_argul(
                                            sysdecode_umtx_rwlock_flags, *ip);
                                        break;
                                }
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        }
                        case SYS_ftruncate:
                        case SYS_truncate:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number64(first, ip, narg, c);
                                break;
                        case SYS_fchownat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                break;
                        case SYS_fstatat:
                        case SYS_utimensat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                break;
                        case SYS_unlinkat:
                                print_number(ip, narg, c);
                                break;
                        case SYS_sysarch:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_sysarch_number, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        case SYS_getitimer:
                        case SYS_setitimer:
                                putchar('(');
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_itimer, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                c = ',';
                                break;
                        }
                        switch (ktr->ktr_code) {
                        case SYS_chflagsat:
                        case SYS_fchownat:
                        case SYS_faccessat:
                        case SYS_fchmodat:
                        case SYS_fstatat:
                        case SYS_linkat:
                        case SYS_unlinkat:
                        case SYS_utimensat:
                                putchar(',');
                                print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_atflags, *ip);
                                ip++;
                                narg--;
                                break;
                        }
        *resc = c;
        *resip = ip;
        *resnarg = narg;
}

static void
ktrsysret(struct ktr_sysret *ktr, u_int sv_flags)
{
        register_t ret = ktr->ktr_retval;
        int error = ktr->ktr_error;

        syscallname(ktr->ktr_code, sv_flags);
        printf(" ");

        if (error == 0) {
                if (fancy) {
                        printf("%ld", (long)ret);
                        if (ret < 0 || ret > 9)
                                printf("/%#lx", (unsigned long)ret);
                } else {
                        if (decimal)
                                printf("%ld", (long)ret);
                        else
                                printf("%#lx", (unsigned long)ret);
                }
        } else if (error == ERESTART)
                printf("RESTART");
        else if (error == EJUSTRETURN)
                printf("JUSTRETURN");
        else {
                printf("-1 errno %d", sysdecode_freebsd_to_abi_errno(
                    syscallabi(sv_flags), error));
                if (fancy)
                        printf(" %s", strerror(ktr->ktr_error));
        }
        putchar('\n');
}

static void
ktrnamei(char *cp, int len)
{
        printf("\"%.*s\"\n", len, cp);
}

static void
ktrexecve(char *m, int len)
{
        int i = 0;

        while (i < len) {
                printf("\"%s\"", m + i);
                i += strlen(m + i) + 1;
                if (i != len) {
                        printf(", ");
                }
        }
        printf("\n");
}

static void
hexdump(char *p, int len, int screenwidth)
{
        int n, i;
        int width;

        width = 0;
        do {
                width += 2;
                i = 13;                 /* base offset */
                i += (width / 2) + 1;   /* spaces every second byte */
                i += (width * 2);       /* width of bytes */
                i += 3;                 /* "  |" */
                i += width;             /* each byte */
                i += 1;                 /* "|" */
        } while (i < screenwidth);
        width -= 2;

        for (n = 0; n < len; n += width) {
                for (i = n; i < n + width; i++) {
                        if ((i % width) == 0) { /* beginning of line */
                                printf("       0x%04x", i);
                        }
                        if ((i % 2) == 0) {
                                printf(" ");
                        }
                        if (i < len)
                                printf("%02x", p[i] & 0xff);
                        else
                                printf("  ");
                }
                printf("  |");
                for (i = n; i < n + width; i++) {
                        if (i >= len)
                                break;
                        if (p[i] >= ' ' && p[i] <= '~')
                                printf("%c", p[i]);
                        else
                                printf(".");
                }
                printf("|\n");
        }
        if ((i % width) != 0)
                printf("\n");
}

static void
visdump(char *dp, int datalen, int screenwidth)
{
        int col = 0;
        char *cp;
        int width;
        char visbuf[5];

        printf("       \"");
        col = 8;
        for (;datalen > 0; datalen--, dp++) {
                vis(visbuf, *dp, VIS_CSTYLE | VIS_NOLOCALE, *(dp+1));
                cp = visbuf;
                /*
                 * Keep track of printables and
                 * space chars (like fold(1)).
                 */
                if (col == 0) {
                        putchar('\t');
                        col = 8;
                }
                switch(*cp) {
                case '\n':
                        col = 0;
                        putchar('\n');
                        continue;
                case '\t':
                        width = 8 - (col&07);
                        break;
                default:
                        width = strlen(cp);
                }
                if (col + width > (screenwidth-2)) {
                        printf("\\\n\t");
                        col = 8;
                }
                col += width;
                do {
                        putchar(*cp++);
                } while (*cp);
        }
        if (col == 0)
                printf("       ");
        printf("\"\n");
}

static void
ktrgenio(struct ktr_genio *ktr, int len)
{
        int datalen = len - sizeof (struct ktr_genio);
        char *dp = (char *)ktr + sizeof (struct ktr_genio);
        static int screenwidth = 0;
        int i, binary;

        printf("fd %d %s %d byte%s\n", ktr->ktr_fd,
                ktr->ktr_rw == UIO_READ ? "read" : "wrote", datalen,
                datalen == 1 ? "" : "s");
        if (suppressdata)
                return;
        if (screenwidth == 0) {
                struct winsize ws;

                if (fancy && ioctl(fileno(stderr), TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1 &&
                    ws.ws_col > 8)
                        screenwidth = ws.ws_col;
                else
                        screenwidth = 80;
        }
        if (maxdata && datalen > maxdata)
                datalen = maxdata;

        for (i = 0, binary = 0; i < datalen && binary == 0; i++)  {
                if (dp[i] >= 32 && dp[i] < 127)
                        continue;
                if (dp[i] == 10 || dp[i] == 13 || dp[i] == 0 || dp[i] == 9)
                        continue;
                binary = 1;
        }
        if (binary)
                hexdump(dp, datalen, screenwidth);
        else
                visdump(dp, datalen, screenwidth);
}

static void
ktrpsig(struct ktr_psig *psig)
{
        const char *str;

        print_signal(psig->signo);
        if (psig->action == SIG_DFL) {
                printf(" SIG_DFL");
        } else {
                printf(" caught handler=0x%lx mask=0x%x",
                    (u_long)psig->action, psig->mask.__bits[0]);
        }
        printf(" code=");
        str = sysdecode_sigcode(psig->signo, psig->code);
        if (str != NULL)
                printf("%s", str);
        else
                printf("<invalid=%#x>", psig->code);
        putchar('\n');
}

static void
ktrcsw_old(struct ktr_csw_old *cs)
{
        printf("%s %s\n", cs->out ? "stop" : "resume",
                cs->user ? "user" : "kernel");
}

static void
ktrcsw(struct ktr_csw *cs)
{
        printf("%s %s \"%s\"\n", cs->out ? "stop" : "resume",
            cs->user ? "user" : "kernel", cs->wmesg);
}

static void
ktruser(int len, void *p)
{
        unsigned char *cp;

        if (sysdecode_utrace(stdout, p, len)) {
                printf("\n");
                return;
        }

        printf("%d ", len);
        cp = p;
        while (len--)
                if (decimal)
                        printf(" %d", *cp++);
                else
                        printf(" %02x", *cp++);
        printf("\n");
}

static void
ktrcaprights(cap_rights_t *rightsp)
{

        printf("cap_rights_t ");
        sysdecode_cap_rights(stdout, rightsp);
        printf("\n");
}

static void
ktrtimeval(struct timeval *tv)
{

        printf("{%ld, %ld}", (long)tv->tv_sec, tv->tv_usec);
}

static void
ktrinotify(struct inotify_event *ev)
{
        printf(
    "inotify { .wd = %d, .mask = %#x, .cookie = %u, .len = %u, .name = %s }\n",
            ev->wd, ev->mask, ev->cookie, ev->len, ev->name);
}

static void
ktritimerval(struct itimerval *it)
{

        printf("itimerval { .interval = ");
        ktrtimeval(&it->it_interval);
        printf(", .value = ");
        ktrtimeval(&it->it_value);
        printf(" }\n");
}

static void
ktrsockaddr(struct sockaddr *sa)
{
/*
 TODO: Support additional address families
        #include <netsmb/netbios.h>
        struct sockaddr_nb      *nb;
*/
        const char *str;
        char addr[64];

        /*
         * note: ktrstruct() has already verified that sa points to a
         * buffer at least sizeof(struct sockaddr) bytes long and exactly
         * sa->sa_len bytes long.
         */
        printf("struct sockaddr { ");
        str = sysdecode_sockaddr_family(sa->sa_family);
        if (str != NULL)
                printf("%s", str);
        else
                printf("<invalid=%d>", sa->sa_family);
        printf(", ");

#define check_sockaddr_len(n)                                   \
        if (sa_##n.s##n##_len < sizeof(struct sockaddr_##n)) {  \
                printf("invalid");                              \
                break;                                          \
        }

        switch(sa->sa_family) {
        case AF_INET: {
                struct sockaddr_in sa_in;

                memset(&sa_in, 0, sizeof(sa_in));
                memcpy(&sa_in, sa, sa->sa_len);
                check_sockaddr_len(in);
                inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sa_in.sin_addr, addr, sizeof addr);
                printf("%s:%u", addr, ntohs(sa_in.sin_port));
                break;
        }
        case AF_INET6: {
                struct sockaddr_in6 sa_in6;

                memset(&sa_in6, 0, sizeof(sa_in6));
                memcpy(&sa_in6, sa, sa->sa_len);
                check_sockaddr_len(in6);
                getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&sa_in6, sizeof(sa_in6),
                    addr, sizeof(addr), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
                printf("[%s]:%u", addr, htons(sa_in6.sin6_port));
                break;
        }
        case AF_UNIX: {
                struct sockaddr_un sa_un;

                memset(&sa_un, 0, sizeof(sa_un));
                memcpy(&sa_un, sa, sa->sa_len);
                printf("%.*s", (int)sizeof(sa_un.sun_path), sa_un.sun_path);
                break;
        }
        case AF_NETLINK: {
                struct sockaddr_nl sa_nl;

                memset(&sa_nl, 0, sizeof(sa_nl));
                memcpy(&sa_nl, sa, sa->sa_len);
                printf("netlink[pid=%u, groups=0x%x]",
                    sa_nl.nl_pid, sa_nl.nl_groups);
                break;
        }
        default:
                printf("unknown address family");
        }
        printf(" }\n");
}

static void
ktrsplice(struct splice *sp)
{
        printf("struct splice { fd=%d, max=%#jx, idle=%jd.%06jd }\n",
            sp->sp_fd, (uintmax_t)sp->sp_max, (intmax_t)sp->sp_idle.tv_sec,
            (intmax_t)sp->sp_idle.tv_usec);
}

static void
ktrthrparam(struct thr_param *tp)
{
        printf("thr param { start=%p arg=%p stack_base=%p "
            "stack_size=%#zx tls_base=%p tls_size=%#zx child_tidp=%p "
            "parent_tidp=%p flags=",
            tp->start_func, tp->arg, tp->stack_base, tp->stack_size,
            tp->tls_base, tp->tls_size, tp->child_tid, tp->parent_tid);
        print_mask_arg(sysdecode_thr_create_flags, tp->flags);
        printf(" rtp=%p }\n", tp->rtp);
}

static void
ktrstat(struct stat *statp)
{
        char mode[12], timestr[PATH_MAX + 4];
        struct passwd *pwd;
        struct group  *grp;
        struct tm *tm;

        /*
         * note: ktrstruct() has already verified that statp points to a
         * buffer exactly sizeof(struct stat) bytes long.
         */
        printf("struct stat {");
        printf("dev=%ju, ino=%ju, ",
                (uintmax_t)statp->st_dev, (uintmax_t)statp->st_ino);
        if (!resolv)
                printf("mode=0%jo, ", (uintmax_t)statp->st_mode);
        else {
                strmode(statp->st_mode, mode);
                printf("mode=%s, ", mode);
        }
        printf("nlink=%ju, ", (uintmax_t)statp->st_nlink);
        if (!resolv) {
                pwd = NULL;
        } else {
#ifdef WITH_CASPER
                if (cappwd != NULL)
                        pwd = cap_getpwuid(cappwd, statp->st_uid);
                else
#endif
                        pwd = getpwuid(statp->st_uid);
        }
        if (pwd == NULL)
                printf("uid=%ju, ", (uintmax_t)statp->st_uid);
        else
                printf("uid=\"%s\", ", pwd->pw_name);
        if (!resolv) {
                grp = NULL;
        } else {
#ifdef WITH_CASPER
                if (capgrp != NULL)
                        grp = cap_getgrgid(capgrp, statp->st_gid);
                else
#endif
                        grp = getgrgid(statp->st_gid);
        }
        if (grp == NULL)
                printf("gid=%ju, ", (uintmax_t)statp->st_gid);
        else
                printf("gid=\"%s\", ", grp->gr_name);
        printf("rdev=%ju, ", (uintmax_t)statp->st_rdev);
        printf("atime=");
        if (!resolv)
                printf("%jd", (intmax_t)statp->st_atim.tv_sec);
        else {
                tm = localtime(&statp->st_atim.tv_sec);
                strftime(timestr, sizeof(timestr), TIME_FORMAT, tm);
                printf("\"%s\"", timestr);
        }
        if (statp->st_atim.tv_nsec != 0)
                printf(".%09ld, ", statp->st_atim.tv_nsec);
        else
                printf(", ");
        printf("mtime=");
        if (!resolv)
                printf("%jd", (intmax_t)statp->st_mtim.tv_sec);
        else {
                tm = localtime(&statp->st_mtim.tv_sec);
                strftime(timestr, sizeof(timestr), TIME_FORMAT, tm);
                printf("\"%s\"", timestr);
        }
        if (statp->st_mtim.tv_nsec != 0)
                printf(".%09ld, ", statp->st_mtim.tv_nsec);
        else
                printf(", ");
        printf("ctime=");
        if (!resolv)
                printf("%jd", (intmax_t)statp->st_ctim.tv_sec);
        else {
                tm = localtime(&statp->st_ctim.tv_sec);
                strftime(timestr, sizeof(timestr), TIME_FORMAT, tm);
                printf("\"%s\"", timestr);
        }
        if (statp->st_ctim.tv_nsec != 0)
                printf(".%09ld, ", statp->st_ctim.tv_nsec);
        else
                printf(", ");
        printf("birthtime=");
        if (!resolv)
                printf("%jd", (intmax_t)statp->st_birthtim.tv_sec);
        else {
                tm = localtime(&statp->st_birthtim.tv_sec);
                strftime(timestr, sizeof(timestr), TIME_FORMAT, tm);
                printf("\"%s\"", timestr);
        }
        if (statp->st_birthtim.tv_nsec != 0)
                printf(".%09ld, ", statp->st_birthtim.tv_nsec);
        else
                printf(", ");
        printf("size=%jd, blksize=%ju, blocks=%jd, flags=0x%x",
                (uintmax_t)statp->st_size, (uintmax_t)statp->st_blksize,
                (intmax_t)statp->st_blocks, statp->st_flags);
        printf(" }\n");
}

static void
ktrbitset(char *name, struct bitset *set, size_t setlen)
{
        int i, maxi, c = 0;

        if (setlen > INT32_MAX)
                setlen = INT32_MAX;
        maxi = setlen * CHAR_BIT;
        printf("%s [ ", name);
        for (i = 0; i < maxi; i++) {
                if (!BIT_ISSET(setlen, i, set))
                        continue;
                if (c == 0)
                        printf("%d", i);
                else
                        printf(", %d", i);
                c++;
        }
        if (c == 0)
                printf(" empty ]\n");
        else
                printf(" ]\n");
}

static void
ktrstruct(char *buf, size_t buflen)
{
        char *name, *data;
        size_t namelen, datalen;
        int i;
        cap_rights_t rights;
        struct itimerval it;
        struct stat sb;
        struct sockaddr_storage ss;
        struct bitset *set;

        for (name = buf, namelen = 0;
             namelen < buflen && name[namelen] != '\0';
             ++namelen)
                /* nothing */;
        if (namelen == buflen)
                goto invalid;
        if (name[namelen] != '\0')
                goto invalid;
        data = buf + namelen + 1;
        datalen = buflen - namelen - 1;
        if (datalen == 0)
                goto invalid;
        /* sanity check */
        for (i = 0; i < (int)namelen; ++i)
                if (!isalpha(name[i]) && name[i] != '_')
                        goto invalid;
        if (strcmp(name, "caprights") == 0) {
                if (datalen != sizeof(cap_rights_t))
                        goto invalid;
                memcpy(&rights, data, datalen);
                ktrcaprights(&rights);
        } else if (strcmp(name, "inotify") == 0) {
                struct inotify_event *ev;

                if (datalen < sizeof(struct inotify_event) ||
                    datalen > sizeof(struct inotify_event) + NAME_MAX + 1)
                        goto invalid;
                ev = malloc(datalen);
                if (ev == NULL)
                        err(1, "malloc");
                memcpy(ev, data, datalen);
                ktrinotify(ev);
        } else if (strcmp(name, "itimerval") == 0) {
                if (datalen != sizeof(struct itimerval))
                        goto invalid;
                memcpy(&it, data, datalen);
                ktritimerval(&it);
        } else if (strcmp(name, "stat") == 0) {
                if (datalen != sizeof(struct stat))
                        goto invalid;
                memcpy(&sb, data, datalen);
                ktrstat(&sb);
        } else if (strcmp(name, "sockaddr") == 0) {
                if (datalen > sizeof(ss))
                        goto invalid;
                memcpy(&ss, data, datalen);
                if (datalen != ss.ss_len)
                        goto invalid;
                ktrsockaddr((struct sockaddr *)&ss);
        } else if (strcmp(name, "cpuset_t") == 0) {
                if (datalen < 1)
                        goto invalid;
                set = malloc(datalen);
                if (set == NULL)
                        errx(1, "%s", strerror(ENOMEM));
                memcpy(set, data, datalen);
                ktrbitset(name, set, datalen);
                free(set);
        } else if (strcmp(name, "splice") == 0) {
                struct splice sp;

                if (datalen != sizeof(sp))
                        goto invalid;
                memcpy(&sp, data, datalen);
                ktrsplice(&sp);
        } else if (strcmp(name, "thrparam") == 0) {
                struct thr_param tp;

                if (datalen != sizeof(tp))
                        goto invalid;
                memcpy(&tp, data, datalen);
                ktrthrparam(&tp);
        } else {
#ifdef SYSDECODE_HAVE_LINUX
                if (ktrstruct_linux(name, data, datalen) == false)
#endif
                        printf("unknown structure\n");
        }
        return;
invalid:
        printf("invalid record\n");
}

static void
ktrcapfail(struct ktr_cap_fail *ktr)
{
        union ktr_cap_data *kcd = &ktr->cap_data;

        switch (ktr->cap_type) {
        case CAPFAIL_NOTCAPABLE:
                /* operation on fd with insufficient capabilities */
                printf("operation requires ");
                sysdecode_cap_rights(stdout, &kcd->cap_needed);
                printf(", descriptor holds ");
                sysdecode_cap_rights(stdout, &kcd->cap_held);
                break;
        case CAPFAIL_INCREASE:
                /* requested more capabilities than fd already has */
                printf("attempt to increase capabilities from ");
                sysdecode_cap_rights(stdout, &kcd->cap_held);
                printf(" to ");
                sysdecode_cap_rights(stdout, &kcd->cap_needed);
                break;
        case CAPFAIL_SYSCALL:
                /* called restricted syscall */
                printf("system call not allowed: ");
                syscallname(ktr->cap_code, ktr->cap_svflags);
                if (syscallabi(ktr->cap_svflags) == SYSDECODE_ABI_FREEBSD) {
                        switch (ktr->cap_code) {
                        case SYS_sysarch:
                                printf(", op: ");
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_sysarch_number,
                                    kcd->cap_int);
                                break;
                        case SYS_fcntl:
                                printf(", cmd: ");
                                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_fcntl_cmd,
                                    kcd->cap_int);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                break;
        case CAPFAIL_SIGNAL:
                /* sent signal to proc other than self */
                syscallname(ktr->cap_code, ktr->cap_svflags);
                printf(": signal delivery not allowed: ");
                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_signal, kcd->cap_int);
                break;
        case CAPFAIL_PROTO:
                /* created socket with restricted protocol */
                syscallname(ktr->cap_code, ktr->cap_svflags);
                printf(": protocol not allowed: ");
                print_integer_arg(sysdecode_ipproto, kcd->cap_int);
                break;
        case CAPFAIL_SOCKADDR:
                /* unable to look up address */
                syscallname(ktr->cap_code, ktr->cap_svflags);
                printf(": restricted address lookup: ");
                ktrsockaddr(&kcd->cap_sockaddr);
                return;
        case CAPFAIL_NAMEI:
                /* absolute or AT_FDCWD path, ".." path, etc. */
                syscallname(ktr->cap_code, ktr->cap_svflags);
                printf(": restricted VFS lookup: %s\n", kcd->cap_path);
                return;
        case CAPFAIL_CPUSET:
                /* modification of an external cpuset */
                syscallname(ktr->cap_code, ktr->cap_svflags);
                printf(": restricted cpuset operation\n");
                return;
        default:
                syscallname(ktr->cap_code, ktr->cap_svflags);
                printf(": unknown capability failure\n");
                return;
        }
        printf("\n");
}

static void
ktrfault(struct ktr_fault *ktr)
{

        printf("0x%jx ", (uintmax_t)ktr->vaddr);
        print_mask_arg(sysdecode_vmprot, ktr->type);
        printf("\n");
}

static void
ktrfaultend(struct ktr_faultend *ktr)
{
        const char *str;

        str = sysdecode_vmresult(ktr->result);
        if (str != NULL)
                printf("%s", str);
        else
                printf("<invalid=%d>", ktr->result);
        printf("\n");
}

static void
ktrkevent(struct kevent *kev)
{

        printf("{ ident=");
        switch (kev->filter) {
        case EVFILT_READ:
        case EVFILT_WRITE:
        case EVFILT_VNODE:
        case EVFILT_PROC:
        case EVFILT_TIMER:
        case EVFILT_PROCDESC:
        case EVFILT_EMPTY:
                printf("%ju", (uintmax_t)kev->ident);
                break;
        case EVFILT_SIGNAL:
                print_signal(kev->ident);
                break;
        default:
                printf("%p", (void *)kev->ident);
        }
        printf(", filter=");
        print_integer_arg(sysdecode_kevent_filter, kev->filter);
        printf(", flags=");
        print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_kevent_flags, kev->flags);
        printf(", fflags=");
        sysdecode_kevent_fflags(stdout, kev->filter, kev->fflags,
            decimal ? 10 : 16);
        printf(", data=%#jx, udata=%p }", (uintmax_t)kev->data, kev->udata);
}

static void
ktrpollfd(struct pollfd *pfd)
{

        printf("{ fd=%d", pfd->fd);
        printf(", events=");
        print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_pollfd_events, pfd->events);
        printf(", revents=");
        print_mask_arg0(sysdecode_pollfd_events, pfd->revents);
        printf("}");
}

static void
ktrstructarray(struct ktr_struct_array *ksa, size_t buflen)
{
        struct kevent kev;
        struct pollfd pfd;
        char *name, *data;
        size_t namelen, datalen;
        int i;
        bool first;

        buflen -= sizeof(*ksa);
        for (name = (char *)(ksa + 1), namelen = 0;
             namelen < buflen && name[namelen] != '\0';
             ++namelen)
                /* nothing */;
        if (namelen == buflen)
                goto invalid;
        if (name[namelen] != '\0')
                goto invalid;
        /* sanity check */
        for (i = 0; i < (int)namelen; ++i)
                if (!isalnum(name[i]) && name[i] != '_')
                        goto invalid;
        data = name + namelen + 1;
        datalen = buflen - namelen - 1;
        printf("struct %s[] = { ", name);
        first = true;
        for (; datalen >= ksa->struct_size;
            data += ksa->struct_size, datalen -= ksa->struct_size) {
                if (!first)
                        printf("\n             ");
                else
                        first = false;
                if (strcmp(name, "kevent") == 0) {
                        if (ksa->struct_size != sizeof(kev))
                                goto bad_size;
                        memcpy(&kev, data, sizeof(kev));
                        ktrkevent(&kev);
                } else if (strcmp(name, "freebsd11_kevent") == 0) {
                        struct freebsd11_kevent kev11;

                        if (ksa->struct_size != sizeof(kev11))
                                goto bad_size;
                        memcpy(&kev11, data, sizeof(kev11));
                        memset(&kev, 0, sizeof(kev));
                        kev.ident = kev11.ident;
                        kev.filter = kev11.filter;
                        kev.flags = kev11.flags;
                        kev.fflags = kev11.fflags;
                        kev.data = kev11.data;
                        kev.udata = kev11.udata;
                        ktrkevent(&kev);
#ifdef _WANT_KEVENT32
                } else if (strcmp(name, "kevent32") == 0) {
                        struct kevent32 kev32;

                        if (ksa->struct_size != sizeof(kev32))
                                goto bad_size;
                        memcpy(&kev32, data, sizeof(kev32));
                        memset(&kev, 0, sizeof(kev));
                        kev.ident = kev32.ident;
                        kev.filter = kev32.filter;
                        kev.flags = kev32.flags;
                        kev.fflags = kev32.fflags;
                        memcpy(&kev.data, &kev32.data, sizeof(kev.data));
                        kev.udata = (void *)(uintptr_t)kev32.udata;
                        ktrkevent(&kev);
                } else if (strcmp(name, "freebsd11_kevent32") == 0) {
                        struct freebsd11_kevent32 kev32;

                        if (ksa->struct_size != sizeof(kev32))
                                goto bad_size;
                        memcpy(&kev32, data, sizeof(kev32));
                        memset(&kev, 0, sizeof(kev));
                        kev.ident = kev32.ident;
                        kev.filter = kev32.filter;
                        kev.flags = kev32.flags;
                        kev.fflags = kev32.fflags;
                        kev.data = kev32.data;
                        kev.udata = (void *)(uintptr_t)kev32.udata;
                        ktrkevent(&kev);
#endif
                } else if (strcmp(name, "pollfd") == 0) {
                        if (ksa->struct_size != sizeof(pfd))
                                goto bad_size;
                        memcpy(&pfd, data, sizeof(pfd));
                        ktrpollfd(&pfd);
                } else {
                        printf("<unknown structure> }\n");
                        return;
                }
        }
        printf(" }\n");
        return;
invalid:
        printf("invalid record\n");
        return;
bad_size:
        printf("<bad size> }\n");
        return;
}

static void
ktrexterr(struct ktr_exterr *ke)
{
        struct uexterror *ue;

        ue = &ke->ue;
        printf("{ errno %d category %u (src line %u) p1 %#jx p2 %#jx %s }\n",
            ue->error, ue->cat, ue->src_line,
            (uintmax_t)ue->p1, (uintmax_t)ue->p2, ue->msg);
}

static void
usage(void)
{
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: kdump [-dEnlHRrSsTA] [-f trfile] "
            "[-m maxdata] [-p pid] [-t trstr]\n");
        exit(1);
}