/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2000 Takanori Watanabe <takawata@jp.freebsd.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2000 Mitsuru IWASAKI <iwasaki@jp.freebsd.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2000, 2001 Michael Smith
 * Copyright (c) 2000 BSDi
 * All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2025 The FreeBSD Foundation
 *
 * Portions of this software were developed by Aymeric Wibo
 * <obiwac@freebsd.org> under sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include "opt_acpi.h"

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/eventhandler.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/module.h>
#include <sys/bus.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/ioccom.h>
#include <sys/reboot.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/ctype.h>
#include <sys/linker.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/power.h>
#include <sys/sbuf.h>
#include <sys/sched.h>
#include <sys/smp.h>
#include <sys/timetc.h>
#include <sys/uuid.h>

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__)
#include <machine/clock.h>
#include <machine/intr_machdep.h>
#include <machine/pci_cfgreg.h>
#include <x86/cputypes.h>
#include <x86/x86_var.h>
#endif
#include <machine/resource.h>
#include <machine/bus.h>
#include <sys/rman.h>
#include <isa/isavar.h>
#include <isa/pnpvar.h>

#include <contrib/dev/acpica/include/acpi.h>
#include <contrib/dev/acpica/include/accommon.h>
#include <contrib/dev/acpica/include/acnamesp.h>

#include <dev/acpica/acpivar.h>
#include <dev/acpica/acpiio.h>

#include <dev/pci/pcivar.h>

#include <vm/vm_param.h>

static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_ACPIDEV, "acpidev", "ACPI devices");

/* Hooks for the ACPI CA debugging infrastructure */
#define _COMPONENT      ACPI_BUS
ACPI_MODULE_NAME("ACPI")

static d_open_t         acpiopen;
static d_close_t        acpiclose;
static d_ioctl_t        acpiioctl;

static struct cdevsw acpi_cdevsw = {
        .d_version =    D_VERSION,
        .d_open =       acpiopen,
        .d_close =      acpiclose,
        .d_ioctl =      acpiioctl,
        .d_name =       "acpi",
};

struct acpi_interface {
        ACPI_STRING     *data;
        int             num;
};

struct acpi_wake_prep_context {
    struct acpi_softc   *sc;
    enum power_stype    stype;
};

static char *sysres_ids[] = { "PNP0C01", "PNP0C02", NULL };

/* Global mutex for locking access to the ACPI subsystem. */
struct mtx      acpi_mutex;
struct callout  acpi_sleep_timer;

/* Bitmap of device quirks. */
int             acpi_quirks;

static void     acpi_lookup(void *arg, const char *name, device_t *dev);
static int      acpi_modevent(struct module *mod, int event, void *junk);

static device_probe_t           acpi_probe;
static device_attach_t          acpi_attach;
static device_suspend_t         acpi_suspend;
static device_resume_t          acpi_resume;
static device_shutdown_t        acpi_shutdown;

static bus_add_child_t          acpi_add_child;
static bus_print_child_t        acpi_print_child;
static bus_probe_nomatch_t      acpi_probe_nomatch;
static bus_driver_added_t       acpi_driver_added;
static bus_child_deleted_t      acpi_child_deleted;
static bus_read_ivar_t          acpi_read_ivar;
static bus_write_ivar_t         acpi_write_ivar;
static bus_get_resource_list_t  acpi_get_rlist;
static bus_get_rman_t           acpi_get_rman;
static bus_set_resource_t       acpi_set_resource;
static bus_alloc_resource_t     acpi_alloc_resource;
static bus_adjust_resource_t    acpi_adjust_resource;
static bus_release_resource_t   acpi_release_resource;
static bus_delete_resource_t    acpi_delete_resource;
static bus_activate_resource_t  acpi_activate_resource;
static bus_deactivate_resource_t acpi_deactivate_resource;
static bus_map_resource_t       acpi_map_resource;
static bus_unmap_resource_t     acpi_unmap_resource;
static bus_child_pnpinfo_t      acpi_child_pnpinfo_method;
static bus_child_location_t     acpi_child_location_method;
static bus_hint_device_unit_t   acpi_hint_device_unit;
static bus_get_property_t       acpi_bus_get_prop;
static bus_get_device_path_t    acpi_get_device_path;
static bus_get_domain_t         acpi_get_domain_method;

static acpi_id_probe_t          acpi_device_id_probe;
static acpi_evaluate_object_t   acpi_device_eval_obj;
static acpi_get_property_t      acpi_device_get_prop;
static acpi_scan_children_t     acpi_device_scan_children;

static isa_pnp_probe_t          acpi_isa_pnp_probe;

static void     acpi_reserve_resources(device_t dev);
static int      acpi_sysres_alloc(device_t dev);
static uint32_t acpi_isa_get_logicalid(device_t dev);
static int      acpi_isa_get_compatid(device_t dev, uint32_t *cids, int count);
static ACPI_STATUS acpi_device_scan_cb(ACPI_HANDLE h, UINT32 level,
                    void *context, void **retval);
static ACPI_STATUS acpi_find_dsd(struct acpi_device *ad);
static void     acpi_platform_osc(device_t dev);
static void     acpi_probe_children(device_t bus);
static void     acpi_probe_order(ACPI_HANDLE handle, int *order);
static ACPI_STATUS acpi_probe_child(ACPI_HANDLE handle, UINT32 level,
                    void *context, void **status);
static void     acpi_sleep_enable_locked(void *arg);
static ACPI_STATUS acpi_sleep_disable(struct acpi_softc *sc);
static ACPI_STATUS acpi_EnterSleepState(struct acpi_softc *sc,
                    enum power_stype stype);
static void     acpi_shutdown_final(void *arg, int howto);
static void     acpi_enable_fixed_events(struct acpi_softc *sc);
static void     acpi_resync_clock(struct acpi_softc *sc);
static int      acpi_wake_sleep_prep(struct acpi_softc *sc, ACPI_HANDLE handle,
                    enum power_stype stype);
static int      acpi_wake_run_prep(struct acpi_softc *sc, ACPI_HANDLE handle,
                    enum power_stype stype);
static int      acpi_wake_prep_walk(struct acpi_softc *sc, enum power_stype stype);
static int      acpi_wake_sysctl_walk(device_t dev);
static int      acpi_wake_set_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
static int      acpi_supported_sleep_state_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
static void     acpi_system_eventhandler_sleep(struct acpi_softc *const sc,
                    const enum power_stype stype);
static void     acpi_system_eventhandler_wakeup(struct acpi_softc *const sc,
                    const enum power_stype stype);
static enum power_stype acpi_sstate_to_stype(int sstate);
static int      acpi_sname_to_sstate(const char *sname);
static const char       *acpi_sstate_to_sname(int sstate);
static int      acpi_suspend_state_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
static int      acpi_sleep_state_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
static int      acpi_stype_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
static int      acpi_debug_objects_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
static int      acpi_stype_to_sstate(const struct acpi_softc *const sc,
                     const enum power_stype stype);
static int      acpi_pm_func(u_long cmd, void *arg, enum power_stype stype);
static void     acpi_enable_pcie(void);
static void     acpi_reset_interfaces(device_t dev);

static device_method_t acpi_methods[] = {
    /* Device interface */
    DEVMETHOD(device_probe,             acpi_probe),
    DEVMETHOD(device_attach,            acpi_attach),
    DEVMETHOD(device_shutdown,          acpi_shutdown),
    DEVMETHOD(device_detach,            bus_generic_detach),
    DEVMETHOD(device_suspend,           acpi_suspend),
    DEVMETHOD(device_resume,            acpi_resume),

    /* Bus interface */
    DEVMETHOD(bus_add_child,            acpi_add_child),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_print_child,          acpi_print_child),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_probe_nomatch,        acpi_probe_nomatch),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_driver_added,         acpi_driver_added),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_child_deleted,        acpi_child_deleted),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_read_ivar,            acpi_read_ivar),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_write_ivar,           acpi_write_ivar),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_get_resource_list,    acpi_get_rlist),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_get_rman,             acpi_get_rman),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_set_resource,         acpi_set_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_get_resource,         bus_generic_rl_get_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_alloc_resource,       acpi_alloc_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_adjust_resource,      acpi_adjust_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_release_resource,     acpi_release_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_delete_resource,      acpi_delete_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_activate_resource,    acpi_activate_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_deactivate_resource,  acpi_deactivate_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_map_resource,         acpi_map_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_unmap_resource,       acpi_unmap_resource),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_child_pnpinfo,        acpi_child_pnpinfo_method),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_child_location,       acpi_child_location_method),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_setup_intr,           bus_generic_setup_intr),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_teardown_intr,        bus_generic_teardown_intr),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_hint_device_unit,     acpi_hint_device_unit),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_get_cpus,             acpi_get_cpus),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_get_domain,           acpi_get_domain_method),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_get_property,         acpi_bus_get_prop),
    DEVMETHOD(bus_get_device_path,      acpi_get_device_path),

    /* ACPI bus */
    DEVMETHOD(acpi_id_probe,            acpi_device_id_probe),
    DEVMETHOD(acpi_evaluate_object,     acpi_device_eval_obj),
    DEVMETHOD(acpi_get_property,        acpi_device_get_prop),
    DEVMETHOD(acpi_pwr_for_sleep,       acpi_device_pwr_for_sleep),
    DEVMETHOD(acpi_scan_children,       acpi_device_scan_children),

    /* ISA emulation */
    DEVMETHOD(isa_pnp_probe,            acpi_isa_pnp_probe),

    DEVMETHOD_END
};

static driver_t acpi_driver = {
    "acpi",
    acpi_methods,
    sizeof(struct acpi_softc),
};

EARLY_DRIVER_MODULE(acpi, nexus, acpi_driver, acpi_modevent, 0,
    BUS_PASS_BUS + BUS_PASS_ORDER_MIDDLE);
MODULE_VERSION(acpi, 1);

ACPI_SERIAL_DECL(acpi, "ACPI root bus");

/* Local pools for managing system resources for ACPI child devices. */
static struct rman acpi_rman_io, acpi_rman_mem;

#define ACPI_MINIMUM_AWAKETIME  5

/* Holds the description of the acpi0 device. */
static char acpi_desc[ACPI_OEM_ID_SIZE + ACPI_OEM_TABLE_ID_SIZE + 2];

SYSCTL_NODE(_debug, OID_AUTO, acpi, CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL,
    "ACPI debugging");
static char acpi_ca_version[12];
SYSCTL_STRING(_debug_acpi, OID_AUTO, acpi_ca_version, CTLFLAG_RD,
              acpi_ca_version, 0, "Version of Intel ACPI-CA");

/*
 * Allow overriding _OSI methods.
 */
static char acpi_install_interface[256];
TUNABLE_STR("hw.acpi.install_interface", acpi_install_interface,
    sizeof(acpi_install_interface));
static char acpi_remove_interface[256];
TUNABLE_STR("hw.acpi.remove_interface", acpi_remove_interface,
    sizeof(acpi_remove_interface));

/*
 * Automatically apply the Darwin OSI on Apple Mac hardware to obtain
 * access to full ACPI hardware support on supported platforms.
 *
 * This flag automatically overrides any values set by
 * `hw.acpi.acpi_install_interface` and unset by
 * `hw.acpi.acpi_remove_interface`.
 */
static int acpi_apple_darwin_osi = 1;
TUNABLE_INT("hw.acpi.apple_darwin_osi", &acpi_apple_darwin_osi);

/* Allow users to dump Debug objects without ACPI debugger. */
static int acpi_debug_objects;
TUNABLE_INT("debug.acpi.enable_debug_objects", &acpi_debug_objects);
SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_acpi, OID_AUTO, enable_debug_objects,
    CTLFLAG_RW | CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0,
    acpi_debug_objects_sysctl, "I",
    "Enable Debug objects");

/* Allow the interpreter to ignore common mistakes in BIOS. */
static int acpi_interpreter_slack = 1;
TUNABLE_INT("debug.acpi.interpreter_slack", &acpi_interpreter_slack);
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_acpi, OID_AUTO, interpreter_slack, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
    &acpi_interpreter_slack, 1, "Turn on interpreter slack mode.");

/* Ignore register widths set by FADT and use default widths instead. */
static int acpi_ignore_reg_width = 1;
TUNABLE_INT("debug.acpi.default_register_width", &acpi_ignore_reg_width);
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_acpi, OID_AUTO, default_register_width, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
    &acpi_ignore_reg_width, 1, "Ignore register widths set by FADT");

/* Allow users to override quirks. */
TUNABLE_INT("debug.acpi.quirks", &acpi_quirks);

int acpi_susp_bounce;
SYSCTL_INT(_debug_acpi, OID_AUTO, suspend_bounce, CTLFLAG_RW,
    &acpi_susp_bounce, 0, "Don't actually suspend, just test devices.");

#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
int acpi_override_isa_irq_polarity;
#endif

/*
 * ACPI standard UUID for Device Specific Data Package
 * "Device Properties UUID for _DSD" Rev. 2.0
 */
static const struct uuid acpi_dsd_uuid = {
        0xdaffd814, 0x6eba, 0x4d8c, 0x8a, 0x91,
        { 0xbc, 0x9b, 0xbf, 0x4a, 0xa3, 0x01 }
};

/*
 * ACPI can only be loaded as a module by the loader; activating it after
 * system bootstrap time is not useful, and can be fatal to the system.
 * It also cannot be unloaded, since the entire system bus hierarchy hangs
 * off it.
 */
static int
acpi_modevent(struct module *mod, int event, void *junk)
{
    switch (event) {
    case MOD_LOAD:
        if (!cold) {
            printf("The ACPI driver cannot be loaded after boot.\n");
            return (EPERM);
        }
        break;
    case MOD_UNLOAD:
        if (!cold && power_pm_get_type() == POWER_PM_TYPE_ACPI)
            return (EBUSY);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return (0);
}

/*
 * Perform early initialization.
 */
ACPI_STATUS
acpi_Startup(void)
{
    static int started = 0;
    ACPI_STATUS status;
    int val;

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    /* Only run the startup code once.  The MADT driver also calls this. */
    if (started)
        return_VALUE (AE_OK);
    started = 1;

    /*
     * Initialize the ACPICA subsystem.
     */
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status = AcpiInitializeSubsystem())) {
        printf("ACPI: Could not initialize Subsystem: %s\n",
            AcpiFormatException(status));
        return_VALUE (status);
    }

    /*
     * Pre-allocate space for RSDT/XSDT and DSDT tables and allow resizing
     * if more tables exist.
     */
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status = AcpiInitializeTables(NULL, 2, TRUE))) {
        printf("ACPI: Table initialisation failed: %s\n",
            AcpiFormatException(status));
        return_VALUE (status);
    }

    /* Set up any quirks we have for this system. */
    if (acpi_quirks == ACPI_Q_OK)
        acpi_table_quirks(&acpi_quirks);

    /* If the user manually set the disabled hint to 0, force-enable ACPI. */
    if (resource_int_value("acpi", 0, "disabled", &val) == 0 && val == 0)
        acpi_quirks &= ~ACPI_Q_BROKEN;
    if (acpi_quirks & ACPI_Q_BROKEN) {
        printf("ACPI disabled by blacklist.  Contact your BIOS vendor.\n");
        status = AE_SUPPORT;
    }

    return_VALUE (status);
}

/*
 * Detect ACPI and perform early initialisation.
 */
int
acpi_identify(void)
{
    ACPI_TABLE_RSDP     *rsdp;
    ACPI_TABLE_HEADER   *rsdt;
    ACPI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS paddr;
    struct sbuf         sb;

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    if (!cold)
        return (ENXIO);

    /* Check that we haven't been disabled with a hint. */
    if (resource_disabled("acpi", 0))
        return (ENXIO);

    /* Check for other PM systems. */
    if (power_pm_get_type() != POWER_PM_TYPE_NONE &&
        power_pm_get_type() != POWER_PM_TYPE_ACPI) {
        printf("ACPI identify failed, other PM system enabled.\n");
        return (ENXIO);
    }

    /* Initialize root tables. */
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(acpi_Startup())) {
        printf("ACPI: Try disabling either ACPI or apic support.\n");
        return (ENXIO);
    }

    if ((paddr = AcpiOsGetRootPointer()) == 0 ||
        (rsdp = AcpiOsMapMemory(paddr, sizeof(ACPI_TABLE_RSDP))) == NULL)
        return (ENXIO);
    if (rsdp->Revision > 1 && rsdp->XsdtPhysicalAddress != 0)
        paddr = (ACPI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)rsdp->XsdtPhysicalAddress;
    else
        paddr = (ACPI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)rsdp->RsdtPhysicalAddress;
    AcpiOsUnmapMemory(rsdp, sizeof(ACPI_TABLE_RSDP));

    if ((rsdt = AcpiOsMapMemory(paddr, sizeof(ACPI_TABLE_HEADER))) == NULL)
        return (ENXIO);
    sbuf_new(&sb, acpi_desc, sizeof(acpi_desc), SBUF_FIXEDLEN);
    sbuf_bcat(&sb, rsdt->OemId, ACPI_OEM_ID_SIZE);
    sbuf_trim(&sb);
    sbuf_putc(&sb, ' ');
    sbuf_bcat(&sb, rsdt->OemTableId, ACPI_OEM_TABLE_ID_SIZE);
    sbuf_trim(&sb);
    sbuf_finish(&sb);
    sbuf_delete(&sb);
    AcpiOsUnmapMemory(rsdt, sizeof(ACPI_TABLE_HEADER));

    snprintf(acpi_ca_version, sizeof(acpi_ca_version), "%x", ACPI_CA_VERSION);

    return (0);
}

/*
 * Fetch some descriptive data from ACPI to put in our attach message.
 */
static int
acpi_probe(device_t dev)
{

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    device_set_desc(dev, acpi_desc);

    return_VALUE (BUS_PROBE_NOWILDCARD);
}

static int
acpi_attach(device_t dev)
{
    struct acpi_softc   *sc;
    ACPI_STATUS         status;
    int                 error, state;
    UINT32              flags;
    char                *env;
    enum power_stype    stype;

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    sc = device_get_softc(dev);
    sc->acpi_dev = dev;
    callout_init(&sc->susp_force_to, 1);

    error = ENXIO;

    /* Initialize resource manager. */
    acpi_rman_io.rm_type = RMAN_ARRAY;
    acpi_rman_io.rm_start = 0;
    acpi_rman_io.rm_end = 0xffff;
    acpi_rman_io.rm_descr = "ACPI I/O ports";
    if (rman_init(&acpi_rman_io) != 0)
        panic("acpi rman_init IO ports failed");
    acpi_rman_mem.rm_type = RMAN_ARRAY;
    acpi_rman_mem.rm_descr = "ACPI I/O memory addresses";
    if (rman_init(&acpi_rman_mem) != 0)
        panic("acpi rman_init memory failed");

    resource_list_init(&sc->sysres_rl);

    /* Initialise the ACPI mutex */
    mtx_init(&acpi_mutex, "ACPI global lock", NULL, MTX_DEF);

    /*
     * Set the globals from our tunables.  This is needed because ACPI-CA
     * uses UINT8 for some values and we have no tunable_byte.
     */
    AcpiGbl_EnableInterpreterSlack = acpi_interpreter_slack ? TRUE : FALSE;
    AcpiGbl_EnableAmlDebugObject = acpi_debug_objects ? TRUE : FALSE;
    AcpiGbl_UseDefaultRegisterWidths = acpi_ignore_reg_width ? TRUE : FALSE;

#ifndef ACPI_DEBUG
    /*
     * Disable all debugging layers and levels.
     */
    AcpiDbgLayer = 0;
    AcpiDbgLevel = 0;
#endif

    /* Override OS interfaces if the user requested. */
    acpi_reset_interfaces(dev);

    /* Load ACPI name space. */
    status = AcpiLoadTables();
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
        device_printf(dev, "Could not load Namespace: %s\n",
                      AcpiFormatException(status));
        goto out;
    }

    /* Handle MCFG table if present. */
    acpi_enable_pcie();

    /*
     * Note that some systems (specifically, those with namespace evaluation
     * issues that require the avoidance of parts of the namespace) must
     * avoid running _INI and _STA on everything, as well as dodging the final
     * object init pass.
     *
     * For these devices, we set ACPI_NO_DEVICE_INIT and ACPI_NO_OBJECT_INIT).
     *
     * XXX We should arrange for the object init pass after we have attached
     *     all our child devices, but on many systems it works here.
     */
    flags = 0;
    if (testenv("debug.acpi.avoid"))
        flags = ACPI_NO_DEVICE_INIT | ACPI_NO_OBJECT_INIT;

    /* Bring the hardware and basic handlers online. */
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status = AcpiEnableSubsystem(flags))) {
        device_printf(dev, "Could not enable ACPI: %s\n",
                      AcpiFormatException(status));
        goto out;
    }

    /*
     * Call the ECDT probe function to provide EC functionality before
     * the namespace has been evaluated.
     *
     * XXX This happens before the sysresource devices have been probed and
     * attached so its resources come from nexus0.  In practice, this isn't
     * a problem but should be addressed eventually.
     */
    acpi_ec_ecdt_probe(dev);

    /* Bring device objects and regions online. */
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status = AcpiInitializeObjects(flags))) {
        device_printf(dev, "Could not initialize ACPI objects: %s\n",
                      AcpiFormatException(status));
        goto out;
    }

#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
    /*
     * Enable workaround for incorrect ISA IRQ polarity by default on
     * systems with Intel CPUs.
     */
    if (cpu_vendor_id == CPU_VENDOR_INTEL)
        acpi_override_isa_irq_polarity = 1;
#endif

    /*
     * Default to 1 second before sleeping to give some machines time to
     * stabilize.
     */
    sc->acpi_sleep_delay = 1;
    if (bootverbose)
        sc->acpi_verbose = 1;
    if ((env = kern_getenv("hw.acpi.verbose")) != NULL) {
        if (strcmp(env, "0") != 0)
            sc->acpi_verbose = 1;
        freeenv(env);
    }

    /* Only enable reboot by default if the FADT says it is available. */
    if (AcpiGbl_FADT.Flags & ACPI_FADT_RESET_REGISTER)
        sc->acpi_handle_reboot = 1;

    /*
     * Mark whether S4BIOS is available according to the FACS, and if it is,
     * enable it by default.
     */
    sc->acpi_s4bios_supported = AcpiGbl_FACS != NULL &&
        (AcpiGbl_FACS->Flags & ACPI_FACS_S4_BIOS_PRESENT) != 0;

    /*
     * Probe all supported ACPI sleep states.  Awake (S0) is always supported,
     * and suspend-to-idle is always supported on x86 only (at the moment).
     */
    sc->acpi_supported_sstates[ACPI_STATE_S0] = true;
    sc->acpi_supported_stypes[POWER_STYPE_AWAKE] = true;
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__)
    sc->acpi_supported_stypes[POWER_STYPE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE] = true;
#endif
    for (state = ACPI_STATE_S1; state <= ACPI_STATE_S5; state++) {
        UINT8 TypeA, TypeB;

        if (ACPI_SUCCESS(AcpiGetSleepTypeData(state, &TypeA, &TypeB))) {
            sc->acpi_supported_sstates[state] = true;
            sc->acpi_supported_stypes[acpi_sstate_to_stype(state)] = true;
        }
    }
    /*
     * Prevent users from requesting firmware-supported image saving if firmware
     * does not indicate it as supported.
     */
    if (!sc->acpi_s4bios_supported)
        sc->acpi_supported_stypes[POWER_STYPE_FW_HIBERNATE] = false;

    /*
     * Dispatch the default sleep type to devices.  The lid switch is set
     * to UNKNOWN by default to avoid surprising users.
     */
    sc->acpi_power_button_stype = sc->acpi_supported_stypes[POWER_STYPE_POWEROFF] ?
        POWER_STYPE_POWEROFF : POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN;
    sc->acpi_lid_switch_stype = POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN;

    sc->acpi_standby_sx = ACPI_STATE_UNKNOWN;
    if (sc->acpi_supported_sstates[ACPI_STATE_S1])
        sc->acpi_standby_sx = ACPI_STATE_S1;
    else if (sc->acpi_supported_sstates[ACPI_STATE_S2])
        sc->acpi_standby_sx = ACPI_STATE_S2;

    /*
     * Pick the first valid sleep type for the sleep button default.  If that
     * type was hibernate and we support suspend_to_idle , set it to that.  The
     * sleep button prefers fw_suspend instead of suspend_to_idle at the moment
     * as suspend_to_idle may not yet work reliably on all machines. In the
     * future, we should set this to suspend_to_idle when
     * ACPI_FADT_LOW_POWER_S0 is set.
     */
    sc->acpi_sleep_button_stype = POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN;
    for (stype = POWER_STYPE_STANDBY; stype <= POWER_STYPE_FW_HIBERNATE; stype++)
        if (sc->acpi_supported_stypes[stype]) {
            sc->acpi_sleep_button_stype = stype;
            break;
        }
    if (sc->acpi_sleep_button_stype == POWER_STYPE_FW_HIBERNATE ||
        sc->acpi_sleep_button_stype == POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN) {
        if (sc->acpi_supported_stypes[POWER_STYPE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE])
            sc->acpi_sleep_button_stype = POWER_STYPE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE;
    }

    acpi_enable_fixed_events(sc);

    /*
     * Scan the namespace and attach/initialise children.
     */

    /* Register our shutdown handler. */
    EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_final, acpi_shutdown_final, sc,
        SHUTDOWN_PRI_LAST + 150);

    /*
     * Register our acpi event handlers.
     * XXX should be configurable eg. via userland policy manager.
     */
    EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(acpi_sleep_event, acpi_system_eventhandler_sleep,
        sc, ACPI_EVENT_PRI_LAST);
    EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(acpi_wakeup_event, acpi_system_eventhandler_wakeup,
        sc, ACPI_EVENT_PRI_LAST);

    /* Flag our initial states. */
    sc->acpi_enabled = TRUE;
    sc->acpi_stype = POWER_STYPE_AWAKE;
    sc->acpi_sleep_disabled = TRUE;

    /* Create the control device */
    sc->acpi_dev_t = make_dev(&acpi_cdevsw, 0, UID_ROOT, GID_OPERATOR, 0664,
                              "acpi");
    sc->acpi_dev_t->si_drv1 = sc;

    if ((error = acpi_machdep_init(dev)))
        goto out;

    /*
     * Setup our sysctl tree.
     *
     * XXX: This doesn't check to make sure that none of these fail.
     */
    sysctl_ctx_init(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx);
    sc->acpi_sysctl_tree = SYSCTL_ADD_NODE(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx,
        SYSCTL_STATIC_CHILDREN(_hw), OID_AUTO, device_get_name(dev),
        CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, 0, "");
    SYSCTL_ADD_PROC(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "supported_sleep_state",
        CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE,
        sc, 0, acpi_supported_sleep_state_sysctl, "A",
        "List supported ACPI sleep states.");
    SYSCTL_ADD_PROC(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "power_button_state",
        CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE,
        sc, offsetof(struct acpi_softc, acpi_power_button_stype),
        acpi_stype_sysctl, "A", "Power button ACPI sleep state.");
    SYSCTL_ADD_PROC(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "sleep_button_state",
        CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE,
        sc, offsetof(struct acpi_softc, acpi_sleep_button_stype), acpi_stype_sysctl, "A",
        "Sleep button ACPI sleep state.");
    SYSCTL_ADD_PROC(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "lid_switch_state",
        CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE,
        sc, offsetof(struct acpi_softc, acpi_lid_switch_stype),
        acpi_stype_sysctl, "A",
        "Lid ACPI sleep state. Set to suspend_to_idle or fw_suspend "
        "if you want to suspend your laptop when you close the lid.");
    SYSCTL_ADD_PROC(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "suspend_state", CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE,
        sc, 0, acpi_suspend_state_sysctl, "A",
        "Current ACPI suspend state. This sysctl is deprecated; you probably "
        "want to use kern.power.suspend instead.");
    SYSCTL_ADD_PROC(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "standby_state",
        CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE,
        sc, offsetof(struct acpi_softc, acpi_standby_sx),
        acpi_sleep_state_sysctl, "A",
        "ACPI Sx state to use when going standby (usually S1 or S2).");
    SYSCTL_ADD_INT(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "sleep_delay", CTLFLAG_RW, &sc->acpi_sleep_delay, 0,
        "sleep delay in seconds");
    SYSCTL_ADD_BOOL(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "s4bios_supported", CTLFLAG_RD, &sc->acpi_s4bios_supported, 0,
        "Whether firmware supports saving/restoring the machine state (S4BIOS).");
    SYSCTL_ADD_INT(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "verbose", CTLFLAG_RW, &sc->acpi_verbose, 0, "verbose mode");
    SYSCTL_ADD_INT(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "disable_on_reboot", CTLFLAG_RW,
        &sc->acpi_do_disable, 0, "Disable ACPI when rebooting/halting system");
    SYSCTL_ADD_INT(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "handle_reboot", CTLFLAG_RW,
        &sc->acpi_handle_reboot, 0, "Use ACPI Reset Register to reboot");
#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
    SYSCTL_ADD_INT(&sc->acpi_sysctl_ctx, SYSCTL_CHILDREN(sc->acpi_sysctl_tree),
        OID_AUTO, "override_isa_irq_polarity", CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
        &acpi_override_isa_irq_polarity, 0,
        "Force active-hi polarity for edge-triggered ISA IRQs");
#endif

    /* Register ACPI again to pass the correct argument of pm_func. */
    power_pm_register(POWER_PM_TYPE_ACPI, acpi_pm_func, sc,
        sc->acpi_supported_stypes);

    acpi_platform_osc(dev);

    if (!acpi_disabled("bus")) {
        EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(dev_lookup, acpi_lookup, NULL, 1000);
        acpi_probe_children(dev);
    }

    /* Update all GPEs and enable runtime GPEs. */
    status = AcpiUpdateAllGpes();
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
        device_printf(dev, "Could not update all GPEs: %s\n",
            AcpiFormatException(status));

    /* Allow sleep request after a while. */
    callout_init_mtx(&acpi_sleep_timer, &acpi_mutex, 0);
    callout_reset(&acpi_sleep_timer, hz * ACPI_MINIMUM_AWAKETIME,
        acpi_sleep_enable_locked, sc);

    error = 0;

 out:
    return_VALUE (error);
}

static int
acpi_stype_to_sstate(const struct acpi_softc *const sc,
    const enum power_stype stype)
{
        switch (stype) {
        case POWER_STYPE_AWAKE:
                return (ACPI_STATE_S0);
        case POWER_STYPE_STANDBY:
                return (sc->acpi_standby_sx);
        case POWER_STYPE_FW_SUSPEND:
                return (ACPI_STATE_S3);
        case POWER_STYPE_FW_HIBERNATE:
                return (ACPI_STATE_S4);
        case POWER_STYPE_POWEROFF:
                return (ACPI_STATE_S5);
        case POWER_STYPE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE:
        case POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN:
                return (ACPI_STATE_UNKNOWN);
        }
        return (ACPI_STATE_UNKNOWN);
}

/*
 * XXX It would be nice if we didn't need this function, but we'd need
 * acpi_EnterSleepState and acpi_ReqSleepState to take in actual ACPI S-states,
 * which won't be possible at the moment because suspend-to-idle (which is not
 * an ACPI S-state nor maps to one) will be implemented here.
 *
 * In the future, we should make generic a lot of the logic in these functions
 * to enable suspend-to-idle on non-ACPI builds, and then make
 * acpi_EnterSleepState and acpi_ReqSleepState truly take in ACPI S-states
 * again.
 */
static enum power_stype
acpi_sstate_to_stype(int sstate)
{
        switch (sstate) {
        case ACPI_STATE_S0:
                return (POWER_STYPE_AWAKE);
        case ACPI_STATE_S1:
        case ACPI_STATE_S2:
                return (POWER_STYPE_STANDBY);
        case ACPI_STATE_S3:
                return (POWER_STYPE_FW_SUSPEND);
        case ACPI_STATE_S4:
                return (POWER_STYPE_FW_HIBERNATE);
        case ACPI_STATE_S5:
                return (POWER_STYPE_POWEROFF);
        }
        return (POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN);
}

static void
acpi_set_power_children(device_t dev, int state)
{
        device_t child;
        device_t *devlist;
        int dstate, i, numdevs;

        if (device_get_children(dev, &devlist, &numdevs) != 0)
                return;

        /*
         * Retrieve and set D-state for the sleep state if _SxD is present.
         * Skip children who aren't attached since they are handled separately.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < numdevs; i++) {
                child = devlist[i];
                dstate = state;
                if (device_is_attached(child) &&
                    acpi_device_pwr_for_sleep(dev, child, &dstate) == 0)
                        acpi_set_powerstate(child, dstate);
        }
        free(devlist, M_TEMP);
}

static int
acpi_suspend(device_t dev)
{
    int error;

    bus_topo_assert();

    error = bus_generic_suspend(dev);
    if (error == 0)
        acpi_set_power_children(dev, ACPI_STATE_D3);

    return (error);
}

static int
acpi_resume(device_t dev)
{

    bus_topo_assert();

    acpi_set_power_children(dev, ACPI_STATE_D0);

    return (bus_generic_resume(dev));
}

static int
acpi_shutdown(device_t dev)
{
    struct acpi_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);

    bus_topo_assert();

    /* Allow children to shutdown first. */
    bus_generic_shutdown(dev);

    /*
     * Enable any GPEs that are able to power-on the system (i.e., RTC).
     * Also, disable any that are not valid for this state (most).
     */
    acpi_wake_prep_walk(sc, POWER_STYPE_POWEROFF);

    return (0);
}

/*
 * Handle a new device being added
 */
static device_t
acpi_add_child(device_t bus, u_int order, const char *name, int unit)
{
    struct acpi_device  *ad;
    device_t            child;

    if ((ad = malloc(sizeof(*ad), M_ACPIDEV, M_NOWAIT | M_ZERO)) == NULL)
        return (NULL);

    ad->ad_domain = ACPI_DEV_DOMAIN_UNKNOWN;
    resource_list_init(&ad->ad_rl);

    child = device_add_child_ordered(bus, order, name, unit);
    if (child != NULL)
        device_set_ivars(child, ad);
    else
        free(ad, M_ACPIDEV);
    return (child);
}

static int
acpi_print_child(device_t bus, device_t child)
{
    struct acpi_device   *adev = device_get_ivars(child);
    struct resource_list *rl = &adev->ad_rl;
    int retval = 0;

    retval += bus_print_child_header(bus, child);
    retval += resource_list_print_type(rl, "port",  SYS_RES_IOPORT, "%#jx");
    retval += resource_list_print_type(rl, "iomem", SYS_RES_MEMORY, "%#jx");
    retval += resource_list_print_type(rl, "irq",   SYS_RES_IRQ,    "%jd");
    retval += resource_list_print_type(rl, "drq",   SYS_RES_DRQ,    "%jd");
    if (device_get_flags(child))
        retval += printf(" flags %#x", device_get_flags(child));
    retval += bus_print_child_domain(bus, child);
    retval += bus_print_child_footer(bus, child);

    return (retval);
}

/*
 * If this device is an ACPI child but no one claimed it, attempt
 * to power it off.  We'll power it back up when a driver is added.
 *
 * XXX Disabled for now since many necessary devices (like fdc and
 * ATA) don't claim the devices we created for them but still expect
 * them to be powered up.
 */
static void
acpi_probe_nomatch(device_t bus, device_t child)
{
#ifdef ACPI_ENABLE_POWERDOWN_NODRIVER
    acpi_set_powerstate(child, ACPI_STATE_D3);
#endif
}

/*
 * If a new driver has a chance to probe a child, first power it up.
 *
 * XXX Disabled for now (see acpi_probe_nomatch for details).
 */
static void
acpi_driver_added(device_t dev, driver_t *driver)
{
    device_t child, *devlist;
    int i, numdevs;

    DEVICE_IDENTIFY(driver, dev);
    if (device_get_children(dev, &devlist, &numdevs))
            return;
    for (i = 0; i < numdevs; i++) {
        child = devlist[i];
        if (device_get_state(child) == DS_NOTPRESENT) {
#ifdef ACPI_ENABLE_POWERDOWN_NODRIVER
            acpi_set_powerstate(child, ACPI_STATE_D0);
            if (device_probe_and_attach(child) != 0)
                acpi_set_powerstate(child, ACPI_STATE_D3);
#else
            device_probe_and_attach(child);
#endif
        }
    }
    free(devlist, M_TEMP);
}

/* Location hint for devctl(8) */
static int
acpi_child_location_method(device_t cbdev, device_t child, struct sbuf *sb)
{
    struct acpi_device *dinfo = device_get_ivars(child);
    int pxm;

    if (dinfo->ad_handle) {
        sbuf_printf(sb, "handle=%s", acpi_name(dinfo->ad_handle));
        if (ACPI_SUCCESS(acpi_GetInteger(dinfo->ad_handle, "_PXM", &pxm))) {
            sbuf_printf(sb, " _PXM=%d", pxm);
        }
    }
    return (0);
}

/* PnP information for devctl(8) */
int
acpi_pnpinfo(ACPI_HANDLE handle, struct sbuf *sb)
{
    ACPI_DEVICE_INFO *adinfo;

    if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetObjectInfo(handle, &adinfo))) {
        sbuf_printf(sb, "unknown");
        return (0);
    }

    sbuf_printf(sb, "_HID=%s _UID=%lu _CID=%s",
        (adinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_HID) ?
        adinfo->HardwareId.String : "none",
        (adinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_UID) ?
        strtoul(adinfo->UniqueId.String, NULL, 10) : 0UL,
        ((adinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_CID) &&
         adinfo->CompatibleIdList.Count > 0) ?
        adinfo->CompatibleIdList.Ids[0].String : "none");
    AcpiOsFree(adinfo);

    return (0);
}

static int
acpi_child_pnpinfo_method(device_t cbdev, device_t child, struct sbuf *sb)
{
    struct acpi_device *dinfo = device_get_ivars(child);

    return (acpi_pnpinfo(dinfo->ad_handle, sb));
}

/*
 * Note: the check for ACPI locator may be redundant. However, this routine is
 * suitable for both busses whose only locator is ACPI and as a building block
 * for busses that have multiple locators to cope with.
 */
int
acpi_get_acpi_device_path(device_t bus, device_t child, const char *locator, struct sbuf *sb)
{
        if (strcmp(locator, BUS_LOCATOR_ACPI) == 0) {
                ACPI_HANDLE *handle = acpi_get_handle(child);

                if (handle != NULL)
                        sbuf_printf(sb, "%s", acpi_name(handle));
                return (0);
        }

        return (bus_generic_get_device_path(bus, child, locator, sb));
}

static int
acpi_get_device_path(device_t bus, device_t child, const char *locator, struct sbuf *sb)
{
        struct acpi_device *dinfo = device_get_ivars(child);

        if (strcmp(locator, BUS_LOCATOR_ACPI) == 0)
                return (acpi_get_acpi_device_path(bus, child, locator, sb));

        if (strcmp(locator, BUS_LOCATOR_UEFI) == 0) {
                ACPI_DEVICE_INFO *adinfo;
                if (!ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetObjectInfo(dinfo->ad_handle, &adinfo)) &&
                    dinfo->ad_handle != 0 && (adinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_HID)) {
                        const char *hid = adinfo->HardwareId.String;
                        u_long uid = (adinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_UID) ?
                            strtoul(adinfo->UniqueId.String, NULL, 10) : 0UL;
                        u_long hidval;

                        /*
                         * In UEFI Stanard Version 2.6, Section 9.6.1.6 Text
                         * Device Node Reference, there's an insanely long table
                         * 98. This implements the relevant bits from that
                         * table. Newer versions appear to have not required
                         * anything new. The EDK2 firmware presents both PciRoot
                         * and PcieRoot as PciRoot. Follow the EDK2 standard.
                         */
                        if (strncmp("PNP", hid, 3) != 0)
                                goto nomatch;
                        hidval = strtoul(hid + 3, NULL, 16);
                        switch (hidval) {
                        case 0x0301:
                                sbuf_printf(sb, "Keyboard(0x%lx)", uid);
                                break;
                        case 0x0401:
                                sbuf_printf(sb, "ParallelPort(0x%lx)", uid);
                                break;
                        case 0x0501:
                                sbuf_printf(sb, "Serial(0x%lx)", uid);
                                break;
                        case 0x0604:
                                sbuf_printf(sb, "Floppy(0x%lx)", uid);
                                break;
                        case 0x0a03:
                        case 0x0a08:
                                sbuf_printf(sb, "PciRoot(0x%lx)", uid);
                                break;
                        default: /* Everything else gets a generic encode */
                        nomatch:
                                sbuf_printf(sb, "Acpi(%s,0x%lx)", hid, uid);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                /* Not handled: AcpiAdr... unsure how to know it's one */
        }

        /* For the rest, punt to the default handler */
        return (bus_generic_get_device_path(bus, child, locator, sb));
}

/*
 * Handle device deletion.
 */
static void
acpi_child_deleted(device_t dev, device_t child)
{
    struct acpi_device *dinfo = device_get_ivars(child);

    if (acpi_get_device(dinfo->ad_handle) == child)
        AcpiDetachData(dinfo->ad_handle, acpi_fake_objhandler);
    free(dinfo, M_ACPIDEV);
}

_Static_assert(ACPI_IVAR_PRIVATE >= ISA_IVAR_LAST,
    "ACPI private IVARs overlap with ISA IVARs");

/*
 * Handle per-device ivars
 */
static int
acpi_read_ivar(device_t dev, device_t child, int index, uintptr_t *result)
{
    struct acpi_device  *ad;

    if ((ad = device_get_ivars(child)) == NULL) {
        device_printf(child, "device has no ivars\n");
        return (ENOENT);
    }

    /* ACPI and ISA compatibility ivars */
    switch(index) {
    case ACPI_IVAR_HANDLE:
        *(ACPI_HANDLE *)result = ad->ad_handle;
        break;
    case ACPI_IVAR_PRIVATE:
        *(void **)result = ad->ad_private;
        break;
    case ACPI_IVAR_FLAGS:
        *(int *)result = ad->ad_flags;
        break;
    case ACPI_IVAR_DOMAIN:
        *(int *)result = ad->ad_domain;
        break;
    case ISA_IVAR_VENDORID:
    case ISA_IVAR_SERIAL:
    case ISA_IVAR_COMPATID:
        *(int *)result = -1;
        break;
    case ISA_IVAR_LOGICALID:
        *(int *)result = acpi_isa_get_logicalid(child);
        break;
    case PCI_IVAR_CLASS:
        *(uint8_t*)result = (ad->ad_cls_class >> 16) & 0xff;
        break;
    case PCI_IVAR_SUBCLASS:
        *(uint8_t*)result = (ad->ad_cls_class >> 8) & 0xff;
        break;
    case PCI_IVAR_PROGIF:
        *(uint8_t*)result = (ad->ad_cls_class >> 0) & 0xff;
        break;
    default:
        return (ENOENT);
    }

    return (0);
}

static int
acpi_write_ivar(device_t dev, device_t child, int index, uintptr_t value)
{
    struct acpi_device  *ad;

    if ((ad = device_get_ivars(child)) == NULL) {
        device_printf(child, "device has no ivars\n");
        return (ENOENT);
    }

    switch(index) {
    case ACPI_IVAR_HANDLE:
        ad->ad_handle = (ACPI_HANDLE)value;
        break;
    case ACPI_IVAR_PRIVATE:
        ad->ad_private = (void *)value;
        break;
    case ACPI_IVAR_FLAGS:
        ad->ad_flags = (int)value;
        break;
    case ACPI_IVAR_DOMAIN:
        ad->ad_domain = (int)value;
        break;
    default:
        panic("bad ivar write request (%d)", index);
        return (ENOENT);
    }

    return (0);
}

/*
 * Handle child resource allocation/removal
 */
static struct resource_list *
acpi_get_rlist(device_t dev, device_t child)
{
    struct acpi_device          *ad;

    ad = device_get_ivars(child);
    return (&ad->ad_rl);
}

static int
acpi_match_resource_hint(device_t dev, int type, long value)
{
    struct acpi_device *ad = device_get_ivars(dev);
    struct resource_list *rl = &ad->ad_rl;
    struct resource_list_entry *rle;

    STAILQ_FOREACH(rle, rl, link) {
        if (rle->type != type)
            continue;
        if (rle->start <= value && rle->end >= value)
            return (1);
    }
    return (0);
}

/*
 * Does this device match because the resources match?
 */
static bool
acpi_hint_device_matches_resources(device_t child, const char *name,
    int unit)
{
        long value;
        bool matches;

        /*
         * Check for matching resources.  We must have at least one match.
         * Since I/O and memory resources cannot be shared, if we get a
         * match on either of those, ignore any mismatches in IRQs or DRQs.
         *
         * XXX: We may want to revisit this to be more lenient and wire
         * as long as it gets one match.
         */
        matches = false;
        if (resource_long_value(name, unit, "port", &value) == 0) {
                /*
                 * Floppy drive controllers are notorious for having a
                 * wide variety of resources not all of which include the
                 * first port that is specified by the hint (typically
                 * 0x3f0) (see the comment above fdc_isa_alloc_resources()
                 * in fdc_isa.c).  However, they do all seem to include
                 * port + 2 (e.g. 0x3f2) so for a floppy device, look for
                 * 'value + 2' in the port resources instead of the hint
                 * value.
                 */
                if (strcmp(name, "fdc") == 0)
                        value += 2;
                if (acpi_match_resource_hint(child, SYS_RES_IOPORT, value))
                        matches = true;
                else
                        return false;
        }
        if (resource_long_value(name, unit, "maddr", &value) == 0) {
                if (acpi_match_resource_hint(child, SYS_RES_MEMORY, value))
                        matches = true;
                else
                        return false;
        }

        /*
         * If either the I/O address and/or the memory address matched, then
         * assumed this devices matches and that any mismatch in other resources
         * will be resolved by siltently ignoring those other resources. Otherwise
         * all further resources must match.
         */
        if (matches) {
                return (true);
        }
        if (resource_long_value(name, unit, "irq", &value) == 0) {
                if (acpi_match_resource_hint(child, SYS_RES_IRQ, value))
                        matches = true;
                else
                        return false;
        }
        if (resource_long_value(name, unit, "drq", &value) == 0) {
                if (acpi_match_resource_hint(child, SYS_RES_DRQ, value))
                        matches = true;
                else
                        return false;
        }
        return matches;
}


/*
 * Wire device unit numbers based on resource matches in hints.
 */
static void
acpi_hint_device_unit(device_t acdev, device_t child, const char *name,
    int *unitp)
{
    device_location_cache_t *cache;
    const char *s;
    int line, unit;
    bool matches;

    /*
     * Iterate over all the hints for the devices with the specified
     * name to see if one's resources are a subset of this device.
     */
    line = 0;
    cache = dev_wired_cache_init();
    while (resource_find_dev(&line, name, &unit, "at", NULL) == 0) {
        /* Must have an "at" for acpi or isa. */
        resource_string_value(name, unit, "at", &s);
        matches = false;
        if (strcmp(s, "acpi0") == 0 || strcmp(s, "acpi") == 0 ||
            strcmp(s, "isa0") == 0 || strcmp(s, "isa") == 0)
            matches = acpi_hint_device_matches_resources(child, name, unit);
        else
            matches = dev_wired_cache_match(cache, child, s);

        if (matches) {
            /* We have a winner! */
            *unitp = unit;
            break;
        }
    }
    dev_wired_cache_fini(cache);
}

/*
 * Fetch the NUMA domain for a device by mapping the value returned by
 * _PXM to a NUMA domain.  If the device does not have a _PXM method,
 * -2 is returned.  If any other error occurs, -1 is returned.
 */
int
acpi_pxm_parse(device_t dev)
{
#ifdef NUMA
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__aarch64__)
        ACPI_HANDLE handle;
        ACPI_STATUS status;
        int pxm;

        handle = acpi_get_handle(dev);
        if (handle == NULL)
                return (-2);
        status = acpi_GetInteger(handle, "_PXM", &pxm);
        if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status))
                return (acpi_map_pxm_to_vm_domainid(pxm));
        if (status == AE_NOT_FOUND)
                return (-2);
#endif
#endif
        return (-1);
}

int
acpi_get_cpus(device_t dev, device_t child, enum cpu_sets op, size_t setsize,
    cpuset_t *cpuset)
{
        int d, error;

        d = acpi_pxm_parse(child);
        if (d < 0)
                return (bus_generic_get_cpus(dev, child, op, setsize, cpuset));

        switch (op) {
        case LOCAL_CPUS:
                if (setsize != sizeof(cpuset_t))
                        return (EINVAL);
                *cpuset = cpuset_domain[d];
                return (0);
        case INTR_CPUS:
                error = bus_generic_get_cpus(dev, child, op, setsize, cpuset);
                if (error != 0)
                        return (error);
                if (setsize != sizeof(cpuset_t))
                        return (EINVAL);
                CPU_AND(cpuset, cpuset, &cpuset_domain[d]);
                return (0);
        default:
                return (bus_generic_get_cpus(dev, child, op, setsize, cpuset));
        }
}

static int
acpi_get_domain_method(device_t dev, device_t child, int *domain)
{
        int error;

        error = acpi_read_ivar(dev, child, ACPI_IVAR_DOMAIN,
            (uintptr_t *)domain);
        if (error == 0 && *domain != ACPI_DEV_DOMAIN_UNKNOWN)
                return (0);
        return (ENOENT);
}

static struct rman *
acpi_get_rman(device_t bus, int type, u_int flags)
{
        /* Only memory and IO resources are managed. */
        switch (type) {
        case SYS_RES_IOPORT:
                return (&acpi_rman_io);
        case SYS_RES_MEMORY:
                return (&acpi_rman_mem);
        default:
                return (NULL);
        }
}

/*
 * Pre-allocate/manage all memory and IO resources.  Since rman can't handle
 * duplicates, we merge any in the sysresource attach routine.
 */
static int
acpi_sysres_alloc(device_t dev)
{
    struct acpi_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
    struct resource *res;
    struct resource_list_entry *rle;
    struct rman *rm;
    device_t *children;
    int child_count, i;

    /*
     * Probe/attach any sysresource devices.  This would be unnecessary if we
     * had multi-pass probe/attach.
     */
    if (device_get_children(dev, &children, &child_count) != 0)
        return (ENXIO);
    for (i = 0; i < child_count; i++) {
        if (ACPI_ID_PROBE(dev, children[i], sysres_ids, NULL) <= 0)
            device_probe_and_attach(children[i]);
    }
    free(children, M_TEMP);

    STAILQ_FOREACH(rle, &sc->sysres_rl, link) {
        if (rle->res != NULL) {
            device_printf(dev, "duplicate resource for %jx\n", rle->start);
            continue;
        }

        /* Only memory and IO resources are valid here. */
        rm = acpi_get_rman(dev, rle->type, 0);
        if (rm == NULL)
            continue;

        /* Pre-allocate resource and add to our rman pool. */
        res = bus_alloc_resource(dev, rle->type,
            &rle->rid, rle->start, rle->start + rle->count - 1, rle->count,
            RF_ACTIVE | RF_UNMAPPED);
        if (res != NULL) {
            rman_manage_region(rm, rman_get_start(res), rman_get_end(res));
            rle->res = res;
        } else if (bootverbose)
            device_printf(dev, "reservation of %jx, %jx (%d) failed\n",
                rle->start, rle->count, rle->type);
    }
    return (0);
}

/*
 * Reserve declared resources for active devices found during the
 * namespace scan once the boot-time attach of devices has completed.
 *
 * Ideally reserving firmware-assigned resources would work in a
 * depth-first traversal of the device namespace, but this is
 * complicated.  In particular, not all resources are enumerated by
 * ACPI (e.g. PCI bridges and devices enumerate their resources via
 * other means).  Some systems also enumerate devices via ACPI behind
 * PCI bridges but without a matching a PCI device_t enumerated via
 * PCI bus scanning, the device_t's end up as direct children of
 * acpi0.  Doing this scan late is not ideal, but works for now.
 */
static void
acpi_reserve_resources(device_t dev)
{
    struct resource_list_entry *rle;
    struct resource_list *rl;
    struct acpi_device *ad;
    device_t *children;
    int child_count, i;

    if (device_get_children(dev, &children, &child_count) != 0)
        return;
    for (i = 0; i < child_count; i++) {
        ad = device_get_ivars(children[i]);
        rl = &ad->ad_rl;

        /* Don't reserve system resources. */
        if (ACPI_ID_PROBE(dev, children[i], sysres_ids, NULL) <= 0)
            continue;

        STAILQ_FOREACH(rle, rl, link) {
            /*
             * Don't reserve IRQ resources.  There are many sticky things
             * to get right otherwise (e.g. IRQs for psm, atkbd, and HPET
             * when using legacy routing).
             */
            if (rle->type == SYS_RES_IRQ)
                continue;

            /*
             * Don't reserve the resource if it is already allocated.
             * The acpi_ec(4) driver can allocate its resources early
             * if ECDT is present.
             */
            if (rle->res != NULL)
                continue;

            /*
             * Try to reserve the resource from our parent.  If this
             * fails because the resource is a system resource, just
             * let it be.  The resource range is already reserved so
             * that other devices will not use it.  If the driver
             * needs to allocate the resource, then
             * acpi_alloc_resource() will sub-alloc from the system
             * resource.
             */
            resource_list_reserve(rl, dev, children[i], rle->type, rle->rid,
                rle->start, rle->end, rle->count, 0);
        }
    }
    free(children, M_TEMP);
}

static int
acpi_set_resource(device_t dev, device_t child, int type, int rid,
    rman_res_t start, rman_res_t count)
{
    struct acpi_device *ad = device_get_ivars(child);
    struct resource_list *rl = &ad->ad_rl;
    rman_res_t end;

#ifdef INTRNG
    /* map with default for now */
    if (type == SYS_RES_IRQ)
        start = (rman_res_t)acpi_map_intr(child, (u_int)start,
                        acpi_get_handle(child));
#endif

    /* If the resource is already allocated, fail. */
    if (resource_list_busy(rl, type, rid))
        return (EBUSY);

    /* If the resource is already reserved, release it. */
    if (resource_list_reserved(rl, type, rid))
        resource_list_unreserve(rl, dev, child, type, rid);

    /* Add the resource. */
    end = (start + count - 1);
    resource_list_add(rl, type, rid, start, end, count);
    return (0);
}

static struct resource *
acpi_alloc_resource(device_t bus, device_t child, int type, int rid,
    rman_res_t start, rman_res_t end, rman_res_t count, u_int flags)
{
#ifndef INTRNG
    ACPI_RESOURCE ares;
#endif
    struct acpi_device *ad;
    struct resource_list_entry *rle;
    struct resource_list *rl;
    struct resource *res;
    int isdefault = RMAN_IS_DEFAULT_RANGE(start, end);

    /*
     * First attempt at allocating the resource.  For direct children,
     * use resource_list_alloc() to handle reserved resources.  For
     * other devices, pass the request up to our parent.
     */
    if (bus == device_get_parent(child)) {
        ad = device_get_ivars(child);
        rl = &ad->ad_rl;

        /*
         * Simulate the behavior of the ISA bus for direct children
         * devices.  That is, if a non-default range is specified for
         * a resource that doesn't exist, use bus_set_resource() to
         * add the resource before allocating it.  Note that these
         * resources will not be reserved.
         */
        if (!isdefault && resource_list_find(rl, type, rid) == NULL)
                resource_list_add(rl, type, rid, start, end, count);
        res = resource_list_alloc(rl, bus, child, type, rid, start, end, count,
            flags);
#ifndef INTRNG
        if (res != NULL && type == SYS_RES_IRQ) {
            /*
             * Since bus_config_intr() takes immediate effect, we cannot
             * configure the interrupt associated with a device when we
             * parse the resources but have to defer it until a driver
             * actually allocates the interrupt via bus_alloc_resource().
             *
             * XXX: Should we handle the lookup failing?
             */
            if (ACPI_SUCCESS(acpi_lookup_irq_resource(child, rid, res, &ares)))
                acpi_config_intr(child, &ares);
        }
#endif

        /*
         * If this is an allocation of the "default" range for a given
         * RID, fetch the exact bounds for this resource from the
         * resource list entry to try to allocate the range from the
         * system resource regions.
         */
        if (res == NULL && isdefault) {
            rle = resource_list_find(rl, type, rid);
            if (rle != NULL) {
                start = rle->start;
                end = rle->end;
                count = rle->count;
            }
        }
    } else
        res = bus_generic_alloc_resource(bus, child, type, rid,
            start, end, count, flags);

    /*
     * If the first attempt failed and this is an allocation of a
     * specific range, try to satisfy the request via a suballocation
     * from our system resource regions.
     */
    if (res == NULL && start + count - 1 == end)
        res = bus_generic_rman_alloc_resource(bus, child, type, rid, start, end,
            count, flags);
    return (res);
}

static bool
acpi_is_resource_managed(device_t bus, struct resource *r)
{
        struct rman *rm;

        rm = acpi_get_rman(bus, rman_get_type(r), rman_get_flags(r));
        if (rm == NULL)
                return (false);
        return (rman_is_region_manager(r, rm));
}

static struct resource *
acpi_managed_resource(device_t bus, struct resource *r)
{
        struct acpi_softc *sc = device_get_softc(bus);
        struct resource_list_entry *rle;

        KASSERT(acpi_is_resource_managed(bus, r),
            ("resource %p is not suballocated", r));

        STAILQ_FOREACH(rle, &sc->sysres_rl, link) {
                if (rle->type != rman_get_type(r) || rle->res == NULL)
                        continue;
                if (rman_get_start(r) >= rman_get_start(rle->res) &&
                    rman_get_end(r) <= rman_get_end(rle->res))
                        return (rle->res);
        }
        return (NULL);
}

static int
acpi_adjust_resource(device_t bus, device_t child, struct resource *r,
    rman_res_t start, rman_res_t end)
{

    if (acpi_is_resource_managed(bus, r))
        return (rman_adjust_resource(r, start, end));
    return (bus_generic_adjust_resource(bus, child, r, start, end));
}

static int
acpi_release_resource(device_t bus, device_t child, struct resource *r)
{
    /*
     * If this resource belongs to one of our internal managers,
     * deactivate it and release it to the local pool.
     */
    if (acpi_is_resource_managed(bus, r))
        return (bus_generic_rman_release_resource(bus, child, r));

    return (bus_generic_rl_release_resource(bus, child, r));
}

static void
acpi_delete_resource(device_t bus, device_t child, int type, int rid)
{
    struct resource_list *rl;

    rl = acpi_get_rlist(bus, child);
    if (resource_list_busy(rl, type, rid)) {
        device_printf(bus, "delete_resource: Resource still owned by child"
            " (type=%d, rid=%d)\n", type, rid);
        return;
    }
    if (resource_list_reserved(rl, type, rid))
        resource_list_unreserve(rl, bus, child, type, rid);
    resource_list_delete(rl, type, rid);
}

static int
acpi_activate_resource(device_t bus, device_t child, struct resource *r)
{
        if (acpi_is_resource_managed(bus, r))
                return (bus_generic_rman_activate_resource(bus, child, r));
        return (bus_generic_activate_resource(bus, child, r));
}

static int
acpi_deactivate_resource(device_t bus, device_t child, struct resource *r)
{
        if (acpi_is_resource_managed(bus, r))
                return (bus_generic_rman_deactivate_resource(bus, child, r));
        return (bus_generic_deactivate_resource(bus, child, r));
}

static int
acpi_map_resource(device_t bus, device_t child, struct resource *r,
    struct resource_map_request *argsp, struct resource_map *map)
{
        struct resource_map_request args;
        struct resource *sysres;
        rman_res_t length, start;
        int error;

        if (!acpi_is_resource_managed(bus, r))
                return (bus_generic_map_resource(bus, child, r, argsp, map));

        /* Resources must be active to be mapped. */
        if (!(rman_get_flags(r) & RF_ACTIVE))
                return (ENXIO);

        resource_init_map_request(&args);
        error = resource_validate_map_request(r, argsp, &args, &start, &length);
        if (error)
                return (error);

        sysres = acpi_managed_resource(bus, r);
        if (sysres == NULL)
                return (ENOENT);

        args.offset = start - rman_get_start(sysres);
        args.length = length;
        return (bus_map_resource(bus, sysres, &args, map));
}

static int
acpi_unmap_resource(device_t bus, device_t child, struct resource *r,
    struct resource_map *map)
{
        struct resource *sysres;

        if (!acpi_is_resource_managed(bus, r))
                return (bus_generic_unmap_resource(bus, child, r, map));

        sysres = acpi_managed_resource(bus, r);
        if (sysres == NULL)
                return (ENOENT);
        return (bus_unmap_resource(bus, sysres, map));
}

/* Allocate an IO port or memory resource, given its GAS. */
int
acpi_bus_alloc_gas(device_t dev, int *type, int rid, ACPI_GENERIC_ADDRESS *gas,
    struct resource **res, u_int flags)
{
    int error, res_type;

    error = ENOMEM;
    if (type == NULL || gas == NULL || res == NULL)
        return (EINVAL);

    /* We only support memory and IO spaces. */
    switch (gas->SpaceId) {
    case ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_MEMORY:
        res_type = SYS_RES_MEMORY;
        break;
    case ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_IO:
        res_type = SYS_RES_IOPORT;
        break;
    default:
        return (EOPNOTSUPP);
    }

    /*
     * If the register width is less than 8, assume the BIOS author means
     * it is a bit field and just allocate a byte.
     */
    if (gas->BitWidth && gas->BitWidth < 8)
        gas->BitWidth = 8;

    /* Validate the address after we're sure we support the space. */
    if (gas->Address == 0 || gas->BitWidth == 0)
        return (EINVAL);

    bus_set_resource(dev, res_type, rid, gas->Address,
        gas->BitWidth / 8);
    *res = bus_alloc_resource_any(dev, res_type, rid, RF_ACTIVE | flags);
    if (*res != NULL) {
        *type = res_type;
        error = 0;
    } else
        bus_delete_resource(dev, res_type, rid);

    return (error);
}

/* Probe _HID and _CID for compatible ISA PNP ids. */
static uint32_t
acpi_isa_get_logicalid(device_t dev)
{
    ACPI_DEVICE_INFO    *devinfo;
    ACPI_HANDLE         h;
    uint32_t            pnpid;

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    /* Fetch and validate the HID. */
    if ((h = acpi_get_handle(dev)) == NULL ||
        ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetObjectInfo(h, &devinfo)))
        return_VALUE (0);

    pnpid = (devinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_HID) != 0 &&
        devinfo->HardwareId.Length >= ACPI_EISAID_STRING_SIZE ?
        PNP_EISAID(devinfo->HardwareId.String) : 0;
    AcpiOsFree(devinfo);

    return_VALUE (pnpid);
}

static int
acpi_isa_get_compatid(device_t dev, uint32_t *cids, int count)
{
    ACPI_DEVICE_INFO    *devinfo;
    ACPI_PNP_DEVICE_ID  *ids;
    ACPI_HANDLE         h;
    uint32_t            *pnpid;
    int                 i, valid;

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    pnpid = cids;

    /* Fetch and validate the CID */
    if ((h = acpi_get_handle(dev)) == NULL ||
        ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetObjectInfo(h, &devinfo)))
        return_VALUE (0);

    if ((devinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_CID) == 0) {
        AcpiOsFree(devinfo);
        return_VALUE (0);
    }

    if (devinfo->CompatibleIdList.Count < count)
        count = devinfo->CompatibleIdList.Count;
    ids = devinfo->CompatibleIdList.Ids;
    for (i = 0, valid = 0; i < count; i++)
        if (ids[i].Length >= ACPI_EISAID_STRING_SIZE &&
            strncmp(ids[i].String, "PNP", 3) == 0) {
            *pnpid++ = PNP_EISAID(ids[i].String);
            valid++;
        }
    AcpiOsFree(devinfo);

    return_VALUE (valid);
}

static int
acpi_device_id_probe(device_t bus, device_t dev, char **ids, char **match) 
{
    ACPI_HANDLE h;
    ACPI_OBJECT_TYPE t;
    int rv;
    int i;

    h = acpi_get_handle(dev);
    if (ids == NULL || h == NULL)
        return (ENXIO);
    t = acpi_get_type(dev);
    if (t != ACPI_TYPE_DEVICE && t != ACPI_TYPE_PROCESSOR)
        return (ENXIO);

    /* Try to match one of the array of IDs with a HID or CID. */
    for (i = 0; ids[i] != NULL; i++) {
        rv = acpi_MatchHid(h, ids[i]);
        if (rv == ACPI_MATCHHID_NOMATCH)
            continue;

        if (match != NULL) {
            *match = ids[i];
        }
        return ((rv == ACPI_MATCHHID_HID)?
                    BUS_PROBE_DEFAULT : BUS_PROBE_LOW_PRIORITY);
    }
    return (ENXIO);
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_device_eval_obj(device_t bus, device_t dev, const char *pathname,
    ACPI_OBJECT_LIST *parameters, ACPI_BUFFER *ret)
{
    ACPI_HANDLE h;

    if (dev == NULL)
        h = ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT;
    else if ((h = acpi_get_handle(dev)) == NULL)
        return (AE_BAD_PARAMETER);
    return (AcpiEvaluateObject(h, __DECONST(char *, pathname), parameters,
        ret));
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_device_get_prop(device_t bus, device_t dev, const char *propname,
    const ACPI_OBJECT **value)
{
        const ACPI_OBJECT *pkg, *name, *val;
        struct acpi_device *ad;
        ACPI_STATUS status;
        int i;

        ad = device_get_ivars(dev);

        if (ad == NULL || propname == NULL)
                return (AE_BAD_PARAMETER);
        if (ad->dsd_pkg == NULL) {
                if (ad->dsd.Pointer == NULL) {
                        status = acpi_find_dsd(ad);
                        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                                return (status);
                } else {
                        return (AE_NOT_FOUND);
                }
        }

        for (i = 0; i < ad->dsd_pkg->Package.Count; i ++) {
                pkg = &ad->dsd_pkg->Package.Elements[i];
                if (pkg->Type != ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE || pkg->Package.Count != 2)
                        continue;

                name = &pkg->Package.Elements[0];
                val = &pkg->Package.Elements[1];
                if (name->Type != ACPI_TYPE_STRING)
                        continue;
                if (strncmp(propname, name->String.Pointer, name->String.Length) == 0) {
                        if (value != NULL)
                                *value = val;

                        return (AE_OK);
                }
        }

        return (AE_NOT_FOUND);
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_find_dsd(struct acpi_device *ad)
{
        const ACPI_OBJECT *dsd, *guid, *pkg;
        ACPI_STATUS status;

        ad->dsd.Length = ACPI_ALLOCATE_BUFFER;
        ad->dsd.Pointer = NULL;
        ad->dsd_pkg = NULL;

        status = AcpiEvaluateObject(ad->ad_handle, "_DSD", NULL, &ad->dsd);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                return (status);

        dsd = ad->dsd.Pointer;
        guid = &dsd->Package.Elements[0];
        pkg = &dsd->Package.Elements[1];

        if (guid->Type != ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER || pkg->Type != ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE ||
                guid->Buffer.Length != sizeof(acpi_dsd_uuid))
                return (AE_NOT_FOUND);
        if (memcmp(guid->Buffer.Pointer, &acpi_dsd_uuid,
                sizeof(acpi_dsd_uuid)) == 0) {

                ad->dsd_pkg = pkg;
                return (AE_OK);
        }

        return (AE_NOT_FOUND);
}

static ssize_t
acpi_bus_get_prop_handle(const ACPI_OBJECT *hobj, void *propvalue, size_t size)
{
        ACPI_OBJECT *pobj;
        ACPI_HANDLE h;

        if (hobj->Type != ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE)
                goto err;
        if (hobj->Package.Count != 1)
                goto err;

        pobj = &hobj->Package.Elements[0];
        if (pobj == NULL)
                goto err;
        if (pobj->Type != ACPI_TYPE_LOCAL_REFERENCE)
                goto err;

        h = acpi_GetReference(NULL, pobj);
        if (h == NULL)
                goto err;

        if (propvalue != NULL && size >= sizeof(ACPI_HANDLE))
                *(ACPI_HANDLE *)propvalue = h;
        return (sizeof(ACPI_HANDLE));

err:
        return (-1);
}

static ssize_t
acpi_bus_get_prop(device_t bus, device_t child, const char *propname,
    void *propvalue, size_t size, device_property_type_t type)
{
        ACPI_STATUS status;
        const ACPI_OBJECT *obj;

        status = acpi_device_get_prop(bus, child, propname, &obj);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                return (-1);

        switch (type) {
        case DEVICE_PROP_ANY:
        case DEVICE_PROP_BUFFER:
        case DEVICE_PROP_UINT32:
        case DEVICE_PROP_UINT64:
                break;
        case DEVICE_PROP_HANDLE:
                return (acpi_bus_get_prop_handle(obj, propvalue, size));
        default:
                return (-1);
        }

        switch (obj->Type) {
        case ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER:
                if (type == DEVICE_PROP_UINT32) {
                        if (propvalue != NULL && size >= sizeof(uint32_t))
                                *((uint32_t *)propvalue) = obj->Integer.Value;
                        return (sizeof(uint32_t));
                }
                if (propvalue != NULL && size >= sizeof(uint64_t))
                        *((uint64_t *) propvalue) = obj->Integer.Value;
                return (sizeof(uint64_t));

        case ACPI_TYPE_STRING:
                if (type != DEVICE_PROP_ANY &&
                    type != DEVICE_PROP_BUFFER)
                        return (-1);

                if (propvalue != NULL && size > 0)
                        memcpy(propvalue, obj->String.Pointer,
                            MIN(size, obj->String.Length));
                return (obj->String.Length);

        case ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER:
                if (propvalue != NULL && size > 0)
                        memcpy(propvalue, obj->Buffer.Pointer,
                            MIN(size, obj->Buffer.Length));
                return (obj->Buffer.Length);

        case ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE:
                if (propvalue != NULL && size >= sizeof(ACPI_OBJECT *)) {
                        *((const ACPI_OBJECT **) propvalue) = obj;
                }
                return (sizeof(ACPI_OBJECT *));

        case ACPI_TYPE_LOCAL_REFERENCE:
                if (propvalue != NULL && size >= sizeof(ACPI_HANDLE)) {
                        ACPI_HANDLE h;

                        h = acpi_GetReference(NULL,
                            __DECONST(ACPI_OBJECT *, obj));
                        memcpy(propvalue, h, sizeof(ACPI_HANDLE));
                }
                return (sizeof(ACPI_HANDLE));
        default:
                return (0);
        }
}

static int
acpi_device_pwr_for_sleep_sxd(device_t dev, ACPI_HANDLE handle, int state,
    int *dstate)
{
        ACPI_STATUS status;
        char sxd[8];

        /* Note illegal _S0D is evaluated because some systems expect this. */
        snprintf(sxd, sizeof(sxd), "_S%dD", state);
        status = acpi_GetInteger(handle, sxd, dstate);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status) && status != AE_NOT_FOUND) {
                device_printf(dev, "failed to get %s on %s: %s\n", sxd,
                    acpi_name(handle), AcpiFormatException(status));
                return (ENXIO);
        }
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Get the D-state we need to set the device to for entry into the sleep type
 * we are currently entering (sc->acpi_stype is set in acpi_EnterSleepState
 * before the ACPI bus gets suspended, and thus before this function is called).
 *
 * If entering suspend_to_idle, we will try to enter whichever D-state we
 * would've been transitioning to in S3. If we are entering an ACPI S-state, we
 * evaluate the relevant _SxD state instead (ACPI 7.3.16 - 7.3.19).
 */
int
acpi_device_pwr_for_sleep(device_t bus, device_t dev, int *dstate)
{
        const struct acpi_softc *const sc = device_get_softc(bus);
        ACPI_HANDLE handle = acpi_get_handle(dev);
        int state;

        if (dstate == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);

        /*
         * XXX If we find these devices, don't try to power them down.
         * The serial and IRDA ports on my T23 hang the system when
         * set to D3 and it appears that such legacy devices may
         * need special handling in their drivers.
         */
        if (handle == NULL ||
            acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0500") ||
            acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0501") ||
            acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0502") ||
            acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0510") ||
            acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0511"))
                return (ENXIO);

        if (sc->acpi_stype == POWER_STYPE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE)
                state = ACPI_STATE_S3;
        else
                state = acpi_stype_to_sstate(sc, sc->acpi_stype);
        if (state == ACPI_STATE_UNKNOWN)
                return (ENOENT);
        return (acpi_device_pwr_for_sleep_sxd(bus, handle, state, dstate));
}

/* Callback arg for our implementation of walking the namespace. */
struct acpi_device_scan_ctx {
    acpi_scan_cb_t      user_fn;
    void                *arg;
    ACPI_HANDLE         parent;
};

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_device_scan_cb(ACPI_HANDLE h, UINT32 level, void *arg, void **retval)
{
    struct acpi_device_scan_ctx *ctx;
    device_t dev, old_dev;
    ACPI_STATUS status;
    ACPI_OBJECT_TYPE type;

    /*
     * Skip this device if we think we'll have trouble with it or it is
     * the parent where the scan began.
     */
    ctx = (struct acpi_device_scan_ctx *)arg;
    if (acpi_avoid(h) || h == ctx->parent)
        return (AE_OK);

    /* If this is not a valid device type (e.g., a method), skip it. */
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetType(h, &type)))
        return (AE_OK);
    if (type != ACPI_TYPE_DEVICE && type != ACPI_TYPE_PROCESSOR &&
        type != ACPI_TYPE_THERMAL && type != ACPI_TYPE_POWER)
        return (AE_OK);

    /*
     * Call the user function with the current device.  If it is unchanged
     * afterwards, return.  Otherwise, we update the handle to the new dev.
     */
    old_dev = acpi_get_device(h);
    dev = old_dev;
    status = ctx->user_fn(h, &dev, level, ctx->arg);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status) || old_dev == dev)
        return (status);

    /* Remove the old child and its connection to the handle. */
    if (old_dev != NULL)
        device_delete_child(device_get_parent(old_dev), old_dev);

    /* Recreate the handle association if the user created a device. */
    if (dev != NULL)
        AcpiAttachData(h, acpi_fake_objhandler, dev);

    return (AE_OK);
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_device_scan_children(device_t bus, device_t dev, int max_depth,
    acpi_scan_cb_t user_fn, void *arg)
{
    ACPI_HANDLE h;
    struct acpi_device_scan_ctx ctx;

    if (acpi_disabled("children"))
        return (AE_OK);

    if (dev == NULL)
        h = ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT;
    else if ((h = acpi_get_handle(dev)) == NULL)
        return (AE_BAD_PARAMETER);
    ctx.user_fn = user_fn;
    ctx.arg = arg;
    ctx.parent = h;
    return (AcpiWalkNamespace(ACPI_TYPE_ANY, h, max_depth,
        acpi_device_scan_cb, NULL, &ctx, NULL));
}

/*
 * Even though ACPI devices are not PCI, we use the PCI approach for setting
 * device power states since it's close enough to ACPI.
 */
int
acpi_set_powerstate(device_t child, int state)
{
    ACPI_HANDLE h;
    ACPI_STATUS status;

    h = acpi_get_handle(child);
    if (state < ACPI_STATE_D0 || state > ACPI_D_STATES_MAX)
        return (EINVAL);
    if (h == NULL)
        return (0);

    /* Ignore errors if the power methods aren't present. */
    status = acpi_pwr_switch_consumer(h, state);
    if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status)) {
        if (bootverbose)
            device_printf(child, "set ACPI power state %s on %s\n",
                acpi_d_state_to_str(state), acpi_name(h));
    } else if (status != AE_NOT_FOUND)
        device_printf(child,
            "failed to set ACPI power state %s on %s: %s\n",
            acpi_d_state_to_str(state), acpi_name(h),
            AcpiFormatException(status));

    return (0);
}

static int
acpi_isa_pnp_probe(device_t bus, device_t child, struct isa_pnp_id *ids)
{
    int                 result, cid_count, i;
    uint32_t            lid, cids[8];

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    /*
     * ISA-style drivers attached to ACPI may persist and
     * probe manually if we return ENOENT.  We never want
     * that to happen, so don't ever return it.
     */
    result = ENXIO;

    /* Scan the supplied IDs for a match */
    lid = acpi_isa_get_logicalid(child);
    cid_count = acpi_isa_get_compatid(child, cids, 8);
    while (ids && ids->ip_id) {
        if (lid == ids->ip_id) {
            result = 0;
            goto out;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < cid_count; i++) {
            if (cids[i] == ids->ip_id) {
                result = 0;
                goto out;
            }
        }
        ids++;
    }

 out:
    if (result == 0 && ids->ip_desc)
        device_set_desc(child, ids->ip_desc);

    return_VALUE (result);
}

/*
 * Look for a MCFG table.  If it is present, use the settings for
 * domain (segment) 0 to setup PCI config space access via the memory
 * map.
 *
 * On non-x86 architectures (arm64 for now), this will be done from the
 * PCI host bridge driver.
 */
static void
acpi_enable_pcie(void)
{
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__)
        ACPI_TABLE_HEADER *hdr;
        ACPI_MCFG_ALLOCATION *alloc, *end;
        ACPI_STATUS status;

        status = AcpiGetTable(ACPI_SIG_MCFG, 1, &hdr);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                return;

        end = (ACPI_MCFG_ALLOCATION *)((char *)hdr + hdr->Length);
        alloc = (ACPI_MCFG_ALLOCATION *)((ACPI_TABLE_MCFG *)hdr + 1);
        while (alloc < end) {
                pcie_cfgregopen(alloc->Address, alloc->PciSegment,
                    alloc->StartBusNumber, alloc->EndBusNumber);
                alloc++;
        }
#endif
}

static void
acpi_platform_osc(device_t dev)
{
        ACPI_HANDLE sb_handle;
        ACPI_STATUS status;
        uint32_t cap_set[2];

        /* 0811B06E-4A27-44F9-8D60-3CBBC22E7B48 */
        static uint8_t acpi_platform_uuid[ACPI_UUID_LENGTH] = {
                0x6e, 0xb0, 0x11, 0x08, 0x27, 0x4a, 0xf9, 0x44,
                0x8d, 0x60, 0x3c, 0xbb, 0xc2, 0x2e, 0x7b, 0x48
        };

        if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetHandle(ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT, "\\_SB_", &sb_handle)))
                return;

        cap_set[1] = 0x10;      /* APEI Support */
        status = acpi_EvaluateOSC(sb_handle, acpi_platform_uuid, 1,
            nitems(cap_set), cap_set, cap_set, false);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
                if (status == AE_NOT_FOUND)
                        return;
                device_printf(dev, "_OSC failed: %s\n",
                    AcpiFormatException(status));
                return;
        }
}

/*
 * Scan all of the ACPI namespace and attach child devices.
 *
 * We should only expect to find devices in the \_PR, \_TZ, \_SI, and
 * \_SB scopes, and \_PR and \_TZ became obsolete in the ACPI 2.0 spec.
 * However, in violation of the spec, some systems place their PCI link
 * devices in \, so we have to walk the whole namespace.  We check the
 * type of namespace nodes, so this should be ok.
 */
static void
acpi_probe_children(device_t bus)
{

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    /*
     * Scan the namespace and insert placeholders for all the devices that
     * we find.  We also probe/attach any early devices.
     *
     * Note that we use AcpiWalkNamespace rather than AcpiGetDevices because
     * we want to create nodes for all devices, not just those that are
     * currently present. (This assumes that we don't want to create/remove
     * devices as they appear, which might be smarter.)
     */
    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_OBJECTS, "namespace scan\n"));
    AcpiWalkNamespace(ACPI_TYPE_ANY, ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT, 100, acpi_probe_child,
        NULL, bus, NULL);

    /* Pre-allocate resources for our rman from any sysresource devices. */
    acpi_sysres_alloc(bus);

    /* Create any static children by calling device identify methods. */
    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_OBJECTS, "device identify routines\n"));
    bus_identify_children(bus);

    /* Probe/attach all children, created statically and from the namespace. */
    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_OBJECTS, "acpi bus_attach_children\n"));
    bus_attach_children(bus);

    /*
     * Reserve resources allocated to children but not yet allocated
     * by a driver.
     */
    acpi_reserve_resources(bus);

    /* Attach wake sysctls. */
    acpi_wake_sysctl_walk(bus);

    ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_OBJECTS, "done attaching children\n"));
    return_VOID;
}

/*
 * Determine the probe order for a given device.
 */
static void
acpi_probe_order(ACPI_HANDLE handle, int *order)
{
        ACPI_OBJECT_TYPE type;

        /*
         * 0. CPUs
         * 1. I/O port and memory system resource holders
         * 2. Clocks and timers (to handle early accesses)
         * 3. Embedded controllers (to handle early accesses)
         * 4. PCI Link Devices
         */
        AcpiGetType(handle, &type);
        if (type == ACPI_TYPE_PROCESSOR)
                *order = 0;
        else if (acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0C01") ||
            acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0C02"))
                *order = 1;
        else if (acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0100") ||
            acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0103") ||
            acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0B00"))
                *order = 2;
        else if (acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0C09"))
                *order = 3;
        else if (acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0C0F"))
                *order = 4;
}

/*
 * Some devices must remain enabled even when _STA (ACPI 6.5, section 6.3.7)
 * reports them as not present:
 *
 * - PCI link devices (_HID PNP0C0F, section 6.1.5), which sometimes report
 *   "present" but not "functional" (i.e. if disabled).
 * - The RTC (_HID PNP0B00), which is needed for CMOS register space unless
 *   the FADT indicates it is not present (checked in the RTC probe routine).
 * - Docking stations, which have a _DCK method (section 6.5.2), since the
 *   system may be undocked at boot.
 */
static bool
acpi_always_present(ACPI_HANDLE handle)
{
    ACPI_HANDLE h;

    if (acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0C0F"))
        return (true);

    if (acpi_MatchHid(handle, "PNP0B00"))
        return (true);

    if (ACPI_SUCCESS(AcpiGetHandle(handle, "_DCK", &h)))
        return (true);

    return (false);
}

/*
 * Evaluate a child device and determine whether we might attach a device to
 * it.
 */
static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_probe_child(ACPI_HANDLE handle, UINT32 level, void *context, void **status)
{
    ACPI_DEVICE_INFO *devinfo;
    struct acpi_device  *ad;
    struct acpi_prw_data prw;
    ACPI_OBJECT_TYPE type;
    device_t bus, child;
    char *handle_str;
    int d, order;

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    if (acpi_disabled("children"))
        return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK);

    /* Skip this device if we think we'll have trouble with it. */
    if (acpi_avoid(handle))
        return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK);

    bus = (device_t)context;
    if (ACPI_SUCCESS(AcpiGetType(handle, &type))) {
        handle_str = acpi_name(handle);
        switch (type) {
        case ACPI_TYPE_DEVICE:
            /*
             * Since we scan from \, be sure to skip system scope objects.
             * \_SB_ and \_TZ_ are defined in ACPICA as devices to work around
             * BIOS bugs.  For example, \_SB_ is to allow \_SB_._INI to be run
             * during the initialization and \_TZ_ is to support Notify() on it.
             */
            if (strcmp(handle_str, "\\_SB_") == 0 ||
                strcmp(handle_str, "\\_TZ_") == 0)
                break;
            if (acpi_parse_prw(handle, &prw) == 0)
                AcpiSetupGpeForWake(handle, prw.gpe_handle, prw.gpe_bit);

            /*
             * Ignore devices that do not have a _HID or _CID.  They should
             * be discovered by other buses (e.g. the PCI bus driver).
             */
            if (!acpi_has_hid(handle))
                break;
            /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case ACPI_TYPE_PROCESSOR:
        case ACPI_TYPE_THERMAL:
        case ACPI_TYPE_POWER:
            /* 
             * Create a placeholder device for this node.  Sort the
             * placeholder so that the probe/attach passes will run
             * breadth-first.  Orders less than ACPI_DEV_BASE_ORDER
             * are reserved for special objects (i.e., system
             * resources).
             */
            ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_OBJECTS, "scanning '%s'\n", handle_str));
            order = level * 10 + ACPI_DEV_BASE_ORDER;
            acpi_probe_order(handle, &order);
            child = BUS_ADD_CHILD(bus, order, NULL, DEVICE_UNIT_ANY);
            if (child == NULL)
                break;

            /* Associate the handle with the device_t and vice versa. */
            acpi_set_handle(child, handle);
            AcpiAttachData(handle, acpi_fake_objhandler, child);

            /*
             * Check that the device is present.  If it's not present,
             * leave it disabled (so that we have a device_t attached to
             * the handle, but we don't probe it).
             *
             * Devices that are kept enabled still have their resources
             * parsed below so that resource-based hint matching
             * (BUS_HINT_DEVICE_UNIT) can wire their unit numbers;
             * otherwise a hinted ISA device can duplicate the ACPI
             * device.
             */
            if (type == ACPI_TYPE_DEVICE && !acpi_DeviceIsPresent(child) &&
                !acpi_always_present(handle)) {
                device_disable(child);
                break;
            }

            /*
             * Get the device's resource settings and attach them.
             * Note that if the device has _PRS but no _CRS, we need
             * to decide when it's appropriate to try to configure the
             * device.  Ignore the return value here; it's OK for the
             * device not to have any resources.
             */
            acpi_parse_resources(child, handle, &acpi_res_parse_set, NULL);

            ad = device_get_ivars(child);
            ad->ad_cls_class = 0xffffff;
            if (ACPI_SUCCESS(AcpiGetObjectInfo(handle, &devinfo))) {
                if ((devinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_CLS) != 0 &&
                    devinfo->ClassCode.Length >= ACPI_PCICLS_STRING_SIZE) {
                    ad->ad_cls_class = strtoul(devinfo->ClassCode.String,
                        NULL, 16);
                }
                AcpiOsFree(devinfo);
            }

            d = acpi_pxm_parse(child);
            if (d >= 0)
                ad->ad_domain = d;
            break;
        }
    }

    return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK);
}

/*
 * AcpiAttachData() requires an object handler but never uses it.  This is a
 * placeholder object handler so we can store a device_t in an ACPI_HANDLE.
 */
void
acpi_fake_objhandler(ACPI_HANDLE h, void *data)
{
}

/*
 * Simple wrapper around AcpiEnterSleepStatePrep() printing diagnostic on error.
 */
static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_EnterSleepStatePrep(device_t acpi_dev, UINT8 SleepState)
{
        ACPI_STATUS status;

        status = AcpiEnterSleepStatePrep(SleepState);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                device_printf(acpi_dev,
                    "AcpiEnterSleepStatePrep(%u) failed - %s\n",
                    SleepState,
                    AcpiFormatException(status));
        return (status);
}

/* Return from this function indicates failure. */
static void
acpi_poweroff(device_t acpi_dev)
{
        register_t intr;
        ACPI_STATUS status;

        device_printf(acpi_dev, "Powering system off...\n");
        status = acpi_EnterSleepStatePrep(acpi_dev, ACPI_STATE_S5);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
                device_printf(acpi_dev, "Power-off preparation failed! - %s\n",
                    AcpiFormatException(status));
                return;
        }
        intr = intr_disable();
        status = AcpiEnterSleepState(ACPI_STATE_S5);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
                intr_restore(intr);
                device_printf(acpi_dev, "Power-off failed! - %s\n",
                    AcpiFormatException(status));
        } else {
                DELAY(1000000);
                intr_restore(intr);
                device_printf(acpi_dev, "Power-off failed! - timeout\n");
        }
}

static void
acpi_shutdown_final(void *arg, int howto)
{
    struct acpi_softc *sc = (struct acpi_softc *)arg;
    ACPI_STATUS status;

    /*
     * XXX Shutdown code should only run on the BSP (cpuid 0).
     * Some chipsets do not power off the system correctly if called from
     * an AP.
     */
    if ((howto & RB_POWEROFF) != 0) {
        acpi_poweroff(sc->acpi_dev);
    } else if ((howto & RB_HALT) == 0 && sc->acpi_handle_reboot) {
        /* Reboot using the reset register. */
        status = AcpiReset();
        if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status)) {
            DELAY(1000000);
            device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "reset failed - timeout\n");
        } else if (status != AE_NOT_EXIST)
            device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "reset failed - %s\n",
                AcpiFormatException(status));
    } else if (sc->acpi_do_disable && !KERNEL_PANICKED()) {
        /*
         * Only disable ACPI if the user requested.  On some systems, writing
         * the disable value to SMI_CMD hangs the system.
         */
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "Shutting down\n");
        AcpiTerminate();
    }
}

static void
acpi_enable_fixed_events(struct acpi_softc *sc)
{
    static int  first_time = 1;

    /* Enable and clear fixed events and install handlers. */
    if ((AcpiGbl_FADT.Flags & ACPI_FADT_POWER_BUTTON) == 0) {
        AcpiClearEvent(ACPI_EVENT_POWER_BUTTON);
        AcpiInstallFixedEventHandler(ACPI_EVENT_POWER_BUTTON,
            (ACPI_EVENT_HANDLER)acpi_event_power_button_sleep, sc);
        if (first_time)
            device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "Power Button (fixed)\n");
    }
    if ((AcpiGbl_FADT.Flags & ACPI_FADT_SLEEP_BUTTON) == 0) {
        AcpiClearEvent(ACPI_EVENT_SLEEP_BUTTON);
        AcpiInstallFixedEventHandler(ACPI_EVENT_SLEEP_BUTTON,
            (ACPI_EVENT_HANDLER)acpi_event_sleep_button_sleep, sc);
        if (first_time)
            device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "Sleep Button (fixed)\n");
    }

    first_time = 0;
}

/*
 * Returns true if the device is actually present and should
 * be attached to.  This requires the present, enabled, UI-visible 
 * and diagnostics-passed bits to be set.
 */
BOOLEAN
acpi_DeviceIsPresent(device_t dev)
{
        ACPI_HANDLE h;
        UINT32 s;
        ACPI_STATUS status;

        h = acpi_get_handle(dev);
        if (h == NULL)
                return (FALSE);

#ifdef ACPI_EARLY_EPYC_WAR
        /*
         * Certain Treadripper boards always returns 0 for FreeBSD because it
         * only returns non-zero for the OS string "Windows 2015". Otherwise it
         * will return zero. Force them to always be treated as present.
         * Beata versions were worse: they always returned 0.
         */
        if (acpi_MatchHid(h, "AMDI0020") || acpi_MatchHid(h, "AMDI0010"))
                return (TRUE);
#endif

        status = acpi_GetInteger(h, "_STA", &s);

        /*
         * If no _STA method or if it failed, then assume that
         * the device is present.
         */
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                return (TRUE);

        return (ACPI_DEVICE_PRESENT(s) ? TRUE : FALSE);
}

/*
 * Returns true if the battery is actually present and inserted.
 */
BOOLEAN
acpi_BatteryIsPresent(device_t dev)
{
        ACPI_HANDLE h;
        UINT32 s;
        ACPI_STATUS status;

        h = acpi_get_handle(dev);
        if (h == NULL)
                return (FALSE);
        status = acpi_GetInteger(h, "_STA", &s);

        /*
         * If no _STA method or if it failed, then assume that
         * the device is present.
         */
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                return (TRUE);

        return (ACPI_BATTERY_PRESENT(s) ? TRUE : FALSE);
}

/*
 * Returns true if a device has at least one valid device ID.
 */
BOOLEAN
acpi_has_hid(ACPI_HANDLE h)
{
    ACPI_DEVICE_INFO    *devinfo;
    BOOLEAN             ret;

    if (h == NULL ||
        ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetObjectInfo(h, &devinfo)))
        return (FALSE);

    ret = FALSE;
    if ((devinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_HID) != 0)
        ret = TRUE;
    else if ((devinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_CID) != 0)
        if (devinfo->CompatibleIdList.Count > 0)
            ret = TRUE;

    AcpiOsFree(devinfo);
    return (ret);
}

/*
 * Match a HID string against a handle
 * returns ACPI_MATCHHID_HID if _HID match
 *         ACPI_MATCHHID_CID if _CID match and not _HID match.
 *         ACPI_MATCHHID_NOMATCH=0 if no match.
 */
int
acpi_MatchHid(ACPI_HANDLE h, const char *hid) 
{
    ACPI_DEVICE_INFO    *devinfo;
    BOOLEAN             ret;
    int                 i;

    if (hid == NULL || h == NULL ||
        ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetObjectInfo(h, &devinfo)))
        return (ACPI_MATCHHID_NOMATCH);

    ret = ACPI_MATCHHID_NOMATCH;
    if ((devinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_HID) != 0 &&
        strcmp(hid, devinfo->HardwareId.String) == 0)
            ret = ACPI_MATCHHID_HID;
    else if ((devinfo->Valid & ACPI_VALID_CID) != 0)
        for (i = 0; i < devinfo->CompatibleIdList.Count; i++) {
            if (strcmp(hid, devinfo->CompatibleIdList.Ids[i].String) == 0) {
                ret = ACPI_MATCHHID_CID;
                break;
            }
        }

    AcpiOsFree(devinfo);
    return (ret);
}

/*
 * Return the handle of a named object within our scope, ie. that of (parent)
 * or one if its parents.
 */
ACPI_STATUS
acpi_GetHandleInScope(ACPI_HANDLE parent, const char *path, ACPI_HANDLE *result)
{
    ACPI_HANDLE         r;
    ACPI_STATUS         status;

    /* Walk back up the tree to the root */
    for (;;) {
        status = AcpiGetHandle(parent, path, &r);
        if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status)) {
            *result = r;
            return (AE_OK);
        }
        /* XXX Return error here? */
        if (status != AE_NOT_FOUND)
            return (AE_OK);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetParent(parent, &r)))
            return (AE_NOT_FOUND);
        parent = r;
    }
}

ACPI_STATUS
acpi_GetProperty(device_t dev, const char *propname, const ACPI_OBJECT **value)
{
        device_t bus = device_get_parent(dev);

        return (ACPI_GET_PROPERTY(bus, dev, propname, value));
}

/*
 * Allocate a buffer with a preset data size.
 */
ACPI_BUFFER *
acpi_AllocBuffer(int size)
{
    ACPI_BUFFER *buf;

    if ((buf = malloc(size + sizeof(*buf), M_ACPIDEV, M_NOWAIT)) == NULL)
        return (NULL);
    buf->Length = size;
    buf->Pointer = (void *)(buf + 1);
    return (buf);
}

ACPI_STATUS
acpi_SetInteger(ACPI_HANDLE handle, char *path, UINT32 number)
{
    ACPI_OBJECT arg1;
    ACPI_OBJECT_LIST args;

    arg1.Type = ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER;
    arg1.Integer.Value = number;
    args.Count = 1;
    args.Pointer = &arg1;

    return (AcpiEvaluateObject(handle, path, &args, NULL));
}

/*
 * Evaluate a path that should return an integer.
 */
ACPI_STATUS
acpi_GetInteger(ACPI_HANDLE handle, char *path, UINT32 *number)
{
    ACPI_STATUS status;
    ACPI_BUFFER buf;
    ACPI_OBJECT param;

    if (handle == NULL)
        handle = ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT;

    /*
     * Assume that what we've been pointed at is an Integer object, or
     * a method that will return an Integer.
     */
    buf.Pointer = &param;
    buf.Length = sizeof(param);
    status = AcpiEvaluateObject(handle, path, NULL, &buf);
    if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status)) {
        if (param.Type == ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER)
            *number = param.Integer.Value;
        else
            status = AE_TYPE;
    }

    /* 
     * In some applications, a method that's expected to return an Integer
     * may instead return a Buffer (probably to simplify some internal
     * arithmetic).  We'll try to fetch whatever it is, and if it's a Buffer,
     * convert it into an Integer as best we can.
     *
     * This is a hack.
     */
    if (status == AE_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
        if ((buf.Pointer = AcpiOsAllocate(buf.Length)) == NULL) {
            status = AE_NO_MEMORY;
        } else {
            status = AcpiEvaluateObject(handle, path, NULL, &buf);
            if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status))
                status = acpi_ConvertBufferToInteger(&buf, number);
            AcpiOsFree(buf.Pointer);
        }
    }
    return (status);
}

ACPI_STATUS
acpi_ConvertBufferToInteger(ACPI_BUFFER *bufp, UINT32 *number)
{
    ACPI_OBJECT *p;
    UINT8       *val;
    int         i;

    p = (ACPI_OBJECT *)bufp->Pointer;
    if (p->Type == ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER) {
        *number = p->Integer.Value;
        return (AE_OK);
    }
    if (p->Type != ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER)
        return (AE_TYPE);
    if (p->Buffer.Length > sizeof(int))
        return (AE_BAD_DATA);

    *number = 0;
    val = p->Buffer.Pointer;
    for (i = 0; i < p->Buffer.Length; i++)
        *number += val[i] << (i * 8);
    return (AE_OK);
}

/*
 * Iterate over the elements of an a package object, calling the supplied
 * function for each element.
 *
 * XXX possible enhancement might be to abort traversal on error.
 */
ACPI_STATUS
acpi_ForeachPackageObject(ACPI_OBJECT *pkg,
        void (*func)(ACPI_OBJECT *comp, void *arg), void *arg)
{
    ACPI_OBJECT *comp;
    int         i;

    if (pkg == NULL || pkg->Type != ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE)
        return (AE_BAD_PARAMETER);

    /* Iterate over components */
    i = 0;
    comp = pkg->Package.Elements;
    for (; i < pkg->Package.Count; i++, comp++)
        func(comp, arg);

    return (AE_OK);
}

/*
 * Find the (index)th resource object in a set.
 */
ACPI_STATUS
acpi_FindIndexedResource(ACPI_BUFFER *buf, int index, ACPI_RESOURCE **resp)
{
    ACPI_RESOURCE       *rp;
    int                 i;

    rp = (ACPI_RESOURCE *)buf->Pointer;
    i = index;
    while (i-- > 0) {
        /* Range check */
        if (rp > (ACPI_RESOURCE *)((u_int8_t *)buf->Pointer + buf->Length))
            return (AE_BAD_PARAMETER);

        /* Check for terminator */
        if (rp->Type == ACPI_RESOURCE_TYPE_END_TAG || rp->Length == 0)
            return (AE_NOT_FOUND);
        rp = ACPI_NEXT_RESOURCE(rp);
    }
    if (resp != NULL)
        *resp = rp;

    return (AE_OK);
}

/*
 * Append an ACPI_RESOURCE to an ACPI_BUFFER.
 *
 * Given a pointer to an ACPI_RESOURCE structure, expand the ACPI_BUFFER
 * provided to contain it.  If the ACPI_BUFFER is empty, allocate a sensible
 * backing block.  If the ACPI_RESOURCE is NULL, return an empty set of
 * resources.
 */
#define ACPI_INITIAL_RESOURCE_BUFFER_SIZE       512

ACPI_STATUS
acpi_AppendBufferResource(ACPI_BUFFER *buf, ACPI_RESOURCE *res)
{
    ACPI_RESOURCE       *rp;
    void                *newp;

    /* Initialise the buffer if necessary. */
    if (buf->Pointer == NULL) {
        buf->Length = ACPI_INITIAL_RESOURCE_BUFFER_SIZE;
        if ((buf->Pointer = AcpiOsAllocate(buf->Length)) == NULL)
            return (AE_NO_MEMORY);
        rp = (ACPI_RESOURCE *)buf->Pointer;
        rp->Type = ACPI_RESOURCE_TYPE_END_TAG;
        rp->Length = ACPI_RS_SIZE_MIN;
    }
    if (res == NULL)
        return (AE_OK);

    /*
     * Scan the current buffer looking for the terminator.
     * This will either find the terminator or hit the end
     * of the buffer and return an error.
     */
    rp = (ACPI_RESOURCE *)buf->Pointer;
    for (;;) {
        /* Range check, don't go outside the buffer */
        if (rp >= (ACPI_RESOURCE *)((u_int8_t *)buf->Pointer + buf->Length))
            return (AE_BAD_PARAMETER);
        if (rp->Type == ACPI_RESOURCE_TYPE_END_TAG || rp->Length == 0)
            break;
        rp = ACPI_NEXT_RESOURCE(rp);
    }

    /*
     * Check the size of the buffer and expand if required.
     *
     * Required size is:
     *  size of existing resources before terminator + 
     *  size of new resource and header +
     *  size of terminator.
     *
     * Note that this loop should really only run once, unless
     * for some reason we are stuffing a *really* huge resource.
     */
    while ((((u_int8_t *)rp - (u_int8_t *)buf->Pointer) + 
            res->Length + ACPI_RS_SIZE_NO_DATA +
            ACPI_RS_SIZE_MIN) >= buf->Length) {
        if ((newp = AcpiOsAllocate(buf->Length * 2)) == NULL)
            return (AE_NO_MEMORY);
        bcopy(buf->Pointer, newp, buf->Length);
        rp = (ACPI_RESOURCE *)((u_int8_t *)newp +
                               ((u_int8_t *)rp - (u_int8_t *)buf->Pointer));
        AcpiOsFree(buf->Pointer);
        buf->Pointer = newp;
        buf->Length += buf->Length;
    }

    /* Insert the new resource. */
    bcopy(res, rp, res->Length + ACPI_RS_SIZE_NO_DATA);

    /* And add the terminator. */
    rp = ACPI_NEXT_RESOURCE(rp);
    rp->Type = ACPI_RESOURCE_TYPE_END_TAG;
    rp->Length = ACPI_RS_SIZE_MIN;

    return (AE_OK);
}

UINT64
acpi_DSMQuery(ACPI_HANDLE h, const uint8_t *uuid, int revision)
{
    /*
     * ACPI spec 9.1.1 defines this.
     *
     * "Arg2: Function Index Represents a specific function whose meaning is
     * specific to the UUID and Revision ID. Function indices should start
     * with 1. Function number zero is a query function (see the special
     * return code defined below)."
     */
    ACPI_BUFFER buf;
    ACPI_OBJECT *obj;
    UINT64 ret = 0;
    int i;

    if (!ACPI_SUCCESS(acpi_EvaluateDSM(h, uuid, revision, 0, NULL, &buf))) {
        ACPI_INFO(("Failed to enumerate DSM functions\n"));
        return (0);
    }

    obj = (ACPI_OBJECT *)buf.Pointer;
    KASSERT(obj, ("Object not allowed to be NULL\n"));

    /*
     * From ACPI 6.2 spec 9.1.1:
     * If Function Index = 0, a Buffer containing a function index bitfield.
     * Otherwise, the return value and type depends on the UUID and revision
     * ID (see below).
     */
    switch (obj->Type) {
    case ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER:
        for (i = 0; i < MIN(obj->Buffer.Length, sizeof(ret)); i++)
            ret |= (((uint64_t)obj->Buffer.Pointer[i]) << (i * 8));
        break;
    case ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER:
        ACPI_BIOS_WARNING((AE_INFO,
            "Possibly buggy BIOS with ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER for function enumeration\n"));
        ret = obj->Integer.Value;
        break;
    default:
        ACPI_WARNING((AE_INFO, "Unexpected return type %u\n", obj->Type));
    };

    AcpiOsFree(obj);
    return ret;
}

/*
 * DSM may return multiple types depending on the function. It is therefore
 * unsafe to use the typed evaluation. It is highly recommended that the caller
 * check the type of the returned object.
 */
ACPI_STATUS
acpi_EvaluateDSM(ACPI_HANDLE handle, const uint8_t *uuid, int revision,
    UINT64 function, ACPI_OBJECT *package, ACPI_BUFFER *out_buf)
{
        return (acpi_EvaluateDSMTyped(handle, uuid, revision, function,
            package, out_buf, ACPI_TYPE_ANY));
}

ACPI_STATUS
acpi_EvaluateDSMTyped(ACPI_HANDLE handle, const uint8_t *uuid, int revision,
    UINT64 function, ACPI_OBJECT *package, ACPI_BUFFER *out_buf,
    ACPI_OBJECT_TYPE type)
{
    ACPI_OBJECT arg[4];
    ACPI_OBJECT_LIST arglist;
    ACPI_BUFFER buf;
    ACPI_STATUS status;

    if (out_buf == NULL)
        return (AE_NO_MEMORY);

    arg[0].Type = ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER;
    arg[0].Buffer.Length = ACPI_UUID_LENGTH;
    arg[0].Buffer.Pointer = __DECONST(uint8_t *, uuid);
    arg[1].Type = ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER;
    arg[1].Integer.Value = revision;
    arg[2].Type = ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER;
    arg[2].Integer.Value = function;
    if (package) {
        arg[3] = *package;
    } else {
        arg[3].Type = ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE;
        arg[3].Package.Count = 0;
        arg[3].Package.Elements = NULL;
    }

    arglist.Pointer = arg;
    arglist.Count = 4;
    buf.Pointer = NULL;
    buf.Length = ACPI_ALLOCATE_BUFFER;
    status = AcpiEvaluateObjectTyped(handle, "_DSM", &arglist, &buf, type);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
        return (status);

    KASSERT(ACPI_SUCCESS(status), ("Unexpected status"));

    *out_buf = buf;
    return (status);
}

ACPI_STATUS
acpi_EvaluateOSC(ACPI_HANDLE handle, uint8_t *uuid, int revision, int count,
    uint32_t *caps_in, uint32_t *caps_out, bool query)
{
        ACPI_OBJECT arg[4], *ret;
        ACPI_OBJECT_LIST arglist;
        ACPI_BUFFER buf;
        ACPI_STATUS status;

        arglist.Pointer = arg;
        arglist.Count = 4;
        arg[0].Type = ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER;
        arg[0].Buffer.Length = ACPI_UUID_LENGTH;
        arg[0].Buffer.Pointer = uuid;
        arg[1].Type = ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER;
        arg[1].Integer.Value = revision;
        arg[2].Type = ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER;
        arg[2].Integer.Value = count;
        arg[3].Type = ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER;
        arg[3].Buffer.Length = count * sizeof(*caps_in);
        arg[3].Buffer.Pointer = (uint8_t *)caps_in;
        caps_in[0] = query ? 1 : 0;
        buf.Pointer = NULL;
        buf.Length = ACPI_ALLOCATE_BUFFER;
        status = AcpiEvaluateObjectTyped(handle, "_OSC", &arglist, &buf,
            ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                return (status);
        if (caps_out != NULL) {
                ret = buf.Pointer;
                if (ret->Buffer.Length != count * sizeof(*caps_out)) {
                        AcpiOsFree(buf.Pointer);
                        return (AE_BUFFER_OVERFLOW);
                }
                bcopy(ret->Buffer.Pointer, caps_out, ret->Buffer.Length);
        }
        AcpiOsFree(buf.Pointer);
        return (status);
}

/*
 * Set interrupt model.
 */
ACPI_STATUS
acpi_SetIntrModel(int model)
{

    return (acpi_SetInteger(ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT, "_PIC", model));
}

/*
 * Walk subtables of a table and call a callback routine for each
 * subtable.  The caller should provide the first subtable and a
 * pointer to the end of the table.  This can be used to walk tables
 * such as MADT and SRAT that use subtable entries.
 */
void
acpi_walk_subtables(void *first, void *end, acpi_subtable_handler *handler,
    void *arg)
{
    ACPI_SUBTABLE_HEADER *entry;

    for (entry = first; (void *)entry < end; ) {
        /* Avoid an infinite loop if we hit a bogus entry. */
        if (entry->Length < sizeof(ACPI_SUBTABLE_HEADER))
            return;

        handler(entry, arg);
        entry = ACPI_ADD_PTR(ACPI_SUBTABLE_HEADER, entry, entry->Length);
    }
}

/*
 * DEPRECATED.  This interface has serious deficiencies and will be
 * removed.
 *
 * Immediately enter the sleep state.  In the old model, acpiconf(8) ran
 * rc.suspend and rc.resume so we don't have to notify devd(8) to do this.
 */
ACPI_STATUS
acpi_SetSleepState(struct acpi_softc *sc, int state)
{
    static int once;

    if (!once) {
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev,
"warning: acpi_SetSleepState() deprecated, need to update your software\n");
        once = 1;
    }
    return (acpi_EnterSleepState(sc, state));
}

#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
static void
acpi_sleep_force_task(void *context)
{
    struct acpi_softc *sc = (struct acpi_softc *)context;

    if (ACPI_FAILURE(acpi_EnterSleepState(sc, sc->acpi_next_stype)))
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "force sleep state %s failed\n",
            power_stype_to_name(sc->acpi_next_stype));
}

static void
acpi_sleep_force(void *arg)
{
    struct acpi_softc *sc = (struct acpi_softc *)arg;

    device_printf(sc->acpi_dev,
        "suspend request timed out, forcing sleep now\n");
    /*
     * XXX Suspending from callout causes freezes in DEVICE_SUSPEND().
     * Suspend from acpi_task thread instead.
     */
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiOsExecute(OSL_NOTIFY_HANDLER,
        acpi_sleep_force_task, sc)))
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "AcpiOsExecute() for sleeping failed\n");
}
#endif

/*
 * Request that the system enter the given suspend state.  All /dev/apm
 * devices and devd(8) will be notified.  Userland then has a chance to
 * save state and acknowledge the request.  The system sleeps once all
 * acks are in.
 */
int
acpi_ReqSleepState(struct acpi_softc *sc, enum power_stype stype)
{
#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
    struct apm_clone_data *clone;
    ACPI_STATUS status;

    if (stype < POWER_STYPE_AWAKE || stype >= POWER_STYPE_COUNT)
        return (EINVAL);
    if (!sc->acpi_supported_stypes[stype])
        return (EOPNOTSUPP);

    /*
     * If a reboot/shutdown/suspend request is already in progress or
     * suspend is blocked due to an upcoming shutdown, just return.
     */
    if (rebooting || sc->acpi_next_stype != POWER_STYPE_AWAKE ||
        suspend_blocked)
        return (0);

    /* Wait until sleep is enabled. */
    while (sc->acpi_sleep_disabled) {
        AcpiOsSleep(1000);
    }

    ACPI_LOCK(acpi);

    sc->acpi_next_stype = stype;

    /* S5 (soft-off) should be entered directly with no waiting. */
    if (stype == POWER_STYPE_POWEROFF) {
        ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);
        status = acpi_EnterSleepState(sc, stype);
        return (ACPI_SUCCESS(status) ? 0 : ENXIO);
    }

    /* Record the pending state and notify all apm devices. */
    STAILQ_FOREACH(clone, &sc->apm_cdevs, entries) {
        clone->notify_status = APM_EV_NONE;
        if ((clone->flags & ACPI_EVF_DEVD) == 0) {
            selwakeuppri(&clone->sel_read, PZERO);
            KNOTE_LOCKED(&clone->sel_read.si_note, 0);
        }
    }

    /* If devd(8) is not running, immediately enter the sleep state. */
    if (!devctl_process_running()) {
        ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);
        status = acpi_EnterSleepState(sc, stype);
        return (ACPI_SUCCESS(status) ? 0 : ENXIO);
    }

    /*
     * Set a timeout to fire if userland doesn't ack the suspend request
     * in time.  This way we still eventually go to sleep if we were
     * overheating or running low on battery, even if userland is hung.
     * We cancel this timeout once all userland acks are in or the
     * suspend request is aborted.
     */
    callout_reset(&sc->susp_force_to, 10 * hz, acpi_sleep_force, sc);
    ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);

    /* Now notify devd(8) also. */
    acpi_UserNotify("Suspend", ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT, stype);

    return (0);
#else
    device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "ACPI suspend not supported on this platform "
        "(TODO suspend to idle should be, however)\n");
    return (EOPNOTSUPP);
#endif
}

/*
 * Acknowledge (or reject) a pending sleep state.  The caller has
 * prepared for suspend and is now ready for it to proceed.  If the
 * error argument is non-zero, it indicates suspend should be cancelled
 * and gives an errno value describing why.  Once all votes are in,
 * we suspend the system.
 */
int
acpi_AckSleepState(struct apm_clone_data *clone, int error)
{
    struct acpi_softc *sc = clone->acpi_sc;

#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
    int ret, sleeping;

    /* If no pending sleep type, return an error. */
    ACPI_LOCK(acpi);
    if (sc->acpi_next_stype == POWER_STYPE_AWAKE) {
        ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);
        return (ENXIO);
    }

    /* Caller wants to abort suspend process. */
    if (error) {
        sc->acpi_next_stype = POWER_STYPE_AWAKE;
        callout_stop(&sc->susp_force_to);
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev,
            "listener on %s cancelled the pending suspend\n",
            devtoname(clone->cdev));
        ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);
        return (0);
    }

    /*
     * Mark this device as acking the suspend request.  Then, walk through
     * all devices, seeing if they agree yet.  We only count devices that
     * are writable since read-only devices couldn't ack the request.
     */
    sleeping = TRUE;
    clone->notify_status = APM_EV_ACKED;
    STAILQ_FOREACH(clone, &sc->apm_cdevs, entries) {
        if ((clone->flags & ACPI_EVF_WRITE) != 0 &&
            clone->notify_status != APM_EV_ACKED) {
            sleeping = FALSE;
            break;
        }
    }

    /* If all devices have voted "yes", we will suspend now. */
    if (sleeping)
        callout_stop(&sc->susp_force_to);
    ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);
    ret = 0;
    if (sleeping) {
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(acpi_EnterSleepState(sc, sc->acpi_next_stype)))
                ret = ENODEV;
    }
    return (ret);
#else
    device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "ACPI suspend not supported on this platform "
        "(TODO suspend to idle should be, however)\n");
    return (EOPNOTSUPP);
#endif
}

static void
acpi_sleep_enable_locked(void *arg)
{
    struct acpi_softc   *sc = (struct acpi_softc *)arg;

    ACPI_LOCK_ASSERT(acpi);

    /* Reschedule if the system is not fully up and running. */
    if (!AcpiGbl_SystemAwakeAndRunning) {
        callout_schedule(&acpi_sleep_timer, hz * ACPI_MINIMUM_AWAKETIME);
        return;
    }

    sc->acpi_sleep_disabled = FALSE;
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_sleep_disable(struct acpi_softc *sc)
{
    ACPI_STATUS         status;

    /* Fail if the system is not fully up and running. */
    if (!AcpiGbl_SystemAwakeAndRunning)
        return (AE_ERROR);

    ACPI_LOCK(acpi);
    status = sc->acpi_sleep_disabled ? AE_ERROR : AE_OK;
    sc->acpi_sleep_disabled = TRUE;
    ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);

    return (status);
}

enum acpi_sleep_state {
    ACPI_SS_NONE        = 0,
    ACPI_SS_GPE_SET     = 1 << 0,
    ACPI_SS_DEV_SUSPEND = 1 << 1,
    ACPI_SS_SLP_PREP    = 1 << 2,
    ACPI_SS_SLEPT       = 1 << 3,
};

static void
do_standby(struct acpi_softc *sc, enum acpi_sleep_state *slp_state,
    register_t rflags)
{
    ACPI_STATUS status;

    status = AcpiEnterSleepState(sc->acpi_standby_sx);
    intr_restore(rflags);
    AcpiLeaveSleepStatePrep(sc->acpi_standby_sx);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "AcpiEnterSleepState failed - %s\n",
            AcpiFormatException(status));
        return;
    }
    *slp_state |= ACPI_SS_SLEPT;
}

static void
do_sleep(struct acpi_softc *sc, enum acpi_sleep_state *slp_state,
    register_t rflags, int state)
{
    int sleep_result;
    ACPI_EVENT_STATUS power_button_status;

    MPASS(state == ACPI_STATE_S3 || state == ACPI_STATE_S4);

    sleep_result = acpi_sleep_machdep(sc, state);
    acpi_wakeup_machdep(sc, state, sleep_result, 0);

    if (sleep_result == 1 && state == ACPI_STATE_S3) {
        /*
         * XXX According to ACPI specification SCI_EN bit should be restored
         * by ACPI platform (BIOS, firmware) to its pre-sleep state.
         * Unfortunately some BIOSes fail to do that and that leads to
         * unexpected and serious consequences during wake up like a system
         * getting stuck in SMI handlers.
         * This hack is picked up from Linux, which claims that it follows
         * Windows behavior.
         */
        AcpiWriteBitRegister(ACPI_BITREG_SCI_ENABLE, ACPI_ENABLE_EVENT);

        /*
         * Prevent misinterpretation of the wakeup by power button
         * as a request for power off.
         * Ideally we should post an appropriate wakeup event,
         * perhaps using acpi_event_power_button_wake or alike.
         *
         * Clearing of power button status after wakeup is mandated
         * by ACPI specification in section "Fixed Power Button".
         *
         * XXX As of ACPICA 20121114 AcpiGetEventStatus provides
         * status as 0/1 corresponding to inactive/active despite
         * its type being ACPI_EVENT_STATUS.  In other words,
         * we should not test for ACPI_EVENT_FLAG_SET for time being.
         */
        if (ACPI_SUCCESS(AcpiGetEventStatus(ACPI_EVENT_POWER_BUTTON,
            &power_button_status)) && power_button_status != 0) {
            AcpiClearEvent(ACPI_EVENT_POWER_BUTTON);
            device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "cleared fixed power button status\n");
        }
    }

    intr_restore(rflags);

    /* call acpi_wakeup_machdep() again with interrupt enabled */
    acpi_wakeup_machdep(sc, state, sleep_result, 1);

    AcpiLeaveSleepStatePrep(state);

    if (sleep_result == -1)
        return;

    /* Re-enable ACPI hardware on wakeup from sleep state 4. */
    if (state == ACPI_STATE_S4)
        AcpiEnable();
    *slp_state |= ACPI_SS_SLEPT;
}

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__)
static void
do_idle(struct acpi_softc *sc, enum acpi_sleep_state *slp_state,
    register_t rflags)
{

    intr_suspend();

    /*
     * The CPU will exit idle when interrupted, so we want to minimize the
     * number of interrupts it can receive while idle.  We do this by only
     * allowing SCI (system control interrupt) interrupts, which are used by
     * the ACPI firmware to send wake GPEs to the OS.
     *
     * XXX We might still receive other spurious non-wake GPEs from noisy
     * devices that can't be disabled, so this will need to end up being a
     * suspend-to-idle loop which, when breaking out of idle, will check the
     * reason for the wakeup and immediately idle the CPU again if it was not a
     * proper wake event.
     */
    intr_enable_src(AcpiGbl_FADT.SciInterrupt);

    cpu_idle(0);

    intr_resume(false);
    intr_restore(rflags);
    *slp_state |= ACPI_SS_SLEPT;
}
#endif

/*
 * Enter the desired system sleep state.
 *
 * Currently we support S1-S5 and suspend-to-idle, but S4 is only S4BIOS.
 */
static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_EnterSleepState(struct acpi_softc *sc, enum power_stype stype)
{
    register_t intr;
    ACPI_STATUS status;
    enum acpi_sleep_state slp_state;
    int acpi_sstate;

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE_U32((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__, stype);

    if (stype <= POWER_STYPE_AWAKE || stype >= POWER_STYPE_COUNT)
        return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_BAD_PARAMETER);
    if (!sc->acpi_supported_stypes[stype]) {
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "Sleep type %s not supported on this "
            "platform\n", power_stype_to_name(stype));
        return (AE_SUPPORT);
    }

    /* Re-entry once we're suspending is not allowed. */
    status = acpi_sleep_disable(sc);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev,
            "suspend request ignored (not ready yet)\n");
        return (status);
    }

    if (stype == POWER_STYPE_POWEROFF) {
        /*
         * Shut down cleanly and power off.  This will call us back through the
         * shutdown handlers.
         */
        shutdown_nice(RB_POWEROFF);
        return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK);
    }

    EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(power_suspend_early, stype);
    stop_all_proc();
    suspend_all_fs();
    EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(power_suspend, stype);

#ifdef EARLY_AP_STARTUP
    MPASS(mp_ncpus == 1 || smp_started);
    thread_lock(curthread);
    sched_bind(curthread, 0);
    thread_unlock(curthread);
#else
    if (smp_started) {
        thread_lock(curthread);
        sched_bind(curthread, 0);
        thread_unlock(curthread);
    }
#endif

    slp_state = ACPI_SS_NONE;
    sc->acpi_stype = stype;
    acpi_sstate = acpi_stype_to_sstate(sc, stype);

    /*
     * Be sure to hold bus topology lock across DEVICE_SUSPEND/RESUME.
     */
    bus_topo_lock();

    /* Enable any GPEs as appropriate and requested by the user. */
    acpi_wake_prep_walk(sc, stype);
    slp_state |= ACPI_SS_GPE_SET;

    /*
     * Inform all devices that we are going to sleep.  If at least one
     * device fails, DEVICE_SUSPEND() automatically resumes the tree.
     *
     * XXX Note that a better two-pass approach with a 'veto' pass
     * followed by a "real thing" pass would be better, but the current
     * bus interface does not provide for this.
     */
    if (DEVICE_SUSPEND(root_bus) != 0) {
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "device_suspend failed\n");
        goto backout;
    }
    EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(acpi_post_dev_suspend, stype);
    slp_state |= ACPI_SS_DEV_SUSPEND;

    if (stype != POWER_STYPE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE) {
        status = acpi_EnterSleepStatePrep(sc->acpi_dev, acpi_sstate);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
            goto backout;
        slp_state |= ACPI_SS_SLP_PREP;
    }

    if (sc->acpi_sleep_delay > 0)
        DELAY(sc->acpi_sleep_delay * 1000000);

    suspendclock();
    intr = intr_disable();
    switch (stype) {
    case POWER_STYPE_STANDBY:
        do_standby(sc, &slp_state, intr);
        break;
    case POWER_STYPE_FW_SUSPEND:
    case POWER_STYPE_FW_HIBERNATE:
        do_sleep(sc, &slp_state, intr, acpi_sstate);
        break;
    case POWER_STYPE_SUSPEND_TO_IDLE:
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__)
        do_idle(sc, &slp_state, intr);
        break;
#endif
    case POWER_STYPE_AWAKE:
    case POWER_STYPE_POWEROFF:
    case POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN:
        __unreachable();
    }
    resumeclock();

    /*
     * Back out state according to how far along we got in the suspend
     * process.  This handles both the error and success cases.
     */
backout:
    if ((slp_state & ACPI_SS_GPE_SET) != 0) {
        acpi_wake_prep_walk(sc, stype);
        sc->acpi_stype = POWER_STYPE_AWAKE;
        slp_state &= ~ACPI_SS_GPE_SET;
    }
    if ((slp_state & ACPI_SS_DEV_SUSPEND) != 0) {
        /*
         * Record the resume time so a spurious power/sleep button press can be
         * ignored for a grace period afterward (see the comment before
         * ACPI_BUTTON_REPLAY_WINDOW).  This must be taken before
         * DEVICE_RESUME(), which re-initializes the EC that replays the press.
         */
        sc->acpi_resume_sbt = getsbinuptime();
        EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(acpi_pre_dev_resume, stype);
        DEVICE_RESUME(root_bus);
        slp_state &= ~ACPI_SS_DEV_SUSPEND;
    }
    if ((slp_state & ACPI_SS_SLP_PREP) != 0) {
        AcpiLeaveSleepState(acpi_sstate);
        slp_state &= ~ACPI_SS_SLP_PREP;
    }
    if ((slp_state & ACPI_SS_SLEPT) != 0) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__)
        /* NB: we are still using ACPI timecounter at this point. */
        resume_TSC();
#endif
        acpi_resync_clock(sc);
        acpi_enable_fixed_events(sc);
        slp_state &= ~ACPI_SS_SLEPT;
    }
    sc->acpi_next_stype = POWER_STYPE_AWAKE;

    MPASS(slp_state == ACPI_SS_NONE);

    bus_topo_unlock();

#ifdef EARLY_AP_STARTUP
    thread_lock(curthread);
    sched_unbind(curthread);
    thread_unlock(curthread);
#else
    if (smp_started) {
        thread_lock(curthread);
        sched_unbind(curthread);
        thread_unlock(curthread);
    }
#endif

    resume_all_fs();
    resume_all_proc();

    EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(power_resume, stype);

    /* Allow another sleep request after a while. */
    callout_schedule(&acpi_sleep_timer, hz * ACPI_MINIMUM_AWAKETIME);

    /* Run /etc/rc.resume after we are back. */
    if (devctl_process_running())
        acpi_UserNotify("Resume", ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT, stype);

    return_ACPI_STATUS (status);
}

static void
acpi_resync_clock(struct acpi_softc *sc)
{

    /*
     * Warm up timecounter again and reset system clock.
     */
    (void)timecounter->tc_get_timecount(timecounter);
    inittodr(time_second + sc->acpi_sleep_delay);
}

/* Enable or disable the device's wake GPE. */
int
acpi_wake_set_enable(device_t dev, int enable)
{
    struct acpi_prw_data prw;
    ACPI_STATUS status;
    int flags;

    /* Make sure the device supports waking the system and get the GPE. */
    if (acpi_parse_prw(acpi_get_handle(dev), &prw) != 0)
        return (ENXIO);

    flags = acpi_get_flags(dev);
    if (enable) {
        status = AcpiSetGpeWakeMask(prw.gpe_handle, prw.gpe_bit,
            ACPI_GPE_ENABLE);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
            device_printf(dev, "enable wake failed\n");
            return (ENXIO);
        }
        acpi_set_flags(dev, flags | ACPI_FLAG_WAKE_ENABLED);
    } else {
        status = AcpiSetGpeWakeMask(prw.gpe_handle, prw.gpe_bit,
            ACPI_GPE_DISABLE);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
            device_printf(dev, "disable wake failed\n");
            return (ENXIO);
        }
        acpi_set_flags(dev, flags & ~ACPI_FLAG_WAKE_ENABLED);
    }

    return (0);
}

static int
acpi_wake_sleep_prep(struct acpi_softc *const sc, ACPI_HANDLE handle,
    enum power_stype stype)
{
    int sstate;
    struct acpi_prw_data prw;
    device_t dev;

    /* Check that this is a wake-capable device and get its GPE. */
    if (acpi_parse_prw(handle, &prw) != 0)
        return (ENXIO);
    dev = acpi_get_device(handle);

    sstate = acpi_stype_to_sstate(sc, stype);

    /*
     * The destination sleep state must be less than (i.e., higher power)
     * or equal to the value specified by _PRW.  If this GPE cannot be
     * enabled for the next sleep state, then disable it.  If it can and
     * the user requested it be enabled, turn on any required power resources
     * and set _PSW.
     */
    if (sstate > prw.lowest_wake) {
        AcpiSetGpeWakeMask(prw.gpe_handle, prw.gpe_bit, ACPI_GPE_DISABLE);
        if (bootverbose)
            device_printf(dev, "wake_prep disabled wake for %s (%s)\n",
                acpi_name(handle), power_stype_to_name(stype));
    } else if (dev && (acpi_get_flags(dev) & ACPI_FLAG_WAKE_ENABLED) != 0) {
        acpi_pwr_wake_enable(handle, 1);
        acpi_SetInteger(handle, "_PSW", 1);
        if (bootverbose)
            device_printf(dev, "wake_prep enabled for %s (%s)\n",
                acpi_name(handle), power_stype_to_name(stype));
    }

    return (0);
}

static int
acpi_wake_run_prep(struct acpi_softc *const sc, ACPI_HANDLE handle,
    enum power_stype stype)
{
    int sstate;
    struct acpi_prw_data prw;
    device_t dev;

    /*
     * Check that this is a wake-capable device and get its GPE.  Return
     * now if the user didn't enable this device for wake.
     */
    if (acpi_parse_prw(handle, &prw) != 0)
        return (ENXIO);
    dev = acpi_get_device(handle);
    if (dev == NULL || (acpi_get_flags(dev) & ACPI_FLAG_WAKE_ENABLED) == 0)
        return (0);

    sstate = acpi_stype_to_sstate(sc, stype);

    /*
     * If this GPE couldn't be enabled for the previous sleep state, it was
     * disabled before going to sleep so re-enable it.  If it was enabled,
     * clear _PSW and turn off any power resources it used.
     */
    if (sstate > prw.lowest_wake) {
        AcpiSetGpeWakeMask(prw.gpe_handle, prw.gpe_bit, ACPI_GPE_ENABLE);
        if (bootverbose)
            device_printf(dev, "run_prep re-enabled %s\n", acpi_name(handle));
    } else {
        acpi_SetInteger(handle, "_PSW", 0);
        acpi_pwr_wake_enable(handle, 0);
        if (bootverbose)
            device_printf(dev, "run_prep cleaned up for %s\n",
                acpi_name(handle));
    }

    return (0);
}

static ACPI_STATUS
acpi_wake_prep(ACPI_HANDLE handle, UINT32 level, void *context, void **status)
{
    struct acpi_wake_prep_context *ctx = context;

    /* If suspending, run the sleep prep function, otherwise wake. */
    if (AcpiGbl_SystemAwakeAndRunning)
        acpi_wake_sleep_prep(ctx->sc, handle, ctx->stype);
    else
        acpi_wake_run_prep(ctx->sc, handle, ctx->stype);
    return (AE_OK);
}

/* Walk the tree rooted at acpi0 to prep devices for suspend/resume. */
static int
acpi_wake_prep_walk(struct acpi_softc *sc, enum power_stype stype)
{
    ACPI_HANDLE sb_handle;
    struct acpi_wake_prep_context ctx = {
        .sc = sc,
        .stype = stype,
    };

    if (ACPI_SUCCESS(AcpiGetHandle(ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT, "\\_SB_", &sb_handle)))
        AcpiWalkNamespace(ACPI_TYPE_DEVICE, sb_handle, 100,
            acpi_wake_prep, NULL, &ctx, NULL);
    return (0);
}

/* Walk the tree rooted at acpi0 to attach per-device wake sysctls. */
static int
acpi_wake_sysctl_walk(device_t dev)
{
    int error, i, numdevs;
    device_t *devlist;
    device_t child;
    ACPI_STATUS status;

    error = device_get_children(dev, &devlist, &numdevs);
    if (error != 0 || numdevs == 0) {
        if (numdevs == 0)
            free(devlist, M_TEMP);
        return (error);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < numdevs; i++) {
        child = devlist[i];
        acpi_wake_sysctl_walk(child);
        if (!device_is_attached(child) || !acpi_has_flags(child))
            continue;
        status = AcpiEvaluateObject(acpi_get_handle(child), "_PRW", NULL, NULL);
        if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status)) {
            SYSCTL_ADD_PROC(device_get_sysctl_ctx(child),
                SYSCTL_CHILDREN(device_get_sysctl_tree(child)), OID_AUTO,
                "wake", CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_NEEDGIANT, child, 0,
                acpi_wake_set_sysctl, "I", "Device set to wake the system");
        }
    }
    free(devlist, M_TEMP);

    return (0);
}

/* Enable or disable wake from userland. */
static int
acpi_wake_set_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
    int enable, error;
    device_t dev;

    dev = (device_t)arg1;
    enable = (acpi_get_flags(dev) & ACPI_FLAG_WAKE_ENABLED) ? 1 : 0;

    error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &enable, 0, req);
    if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
        return (error);
    if (enable != 0 && enable != 1)
        return (EINVAL);

    return (acpi_wake_set_enable(dev, enable));
}

/* Parse a device's _PRW into a structure. */
int
acpi_parse_prw(ACPI_HANDLE h, struct acpi_prw_data *prw)
{
    ACPI_STATUS                 status;
    ACPI_BUFFER                 prw_buffer;
    ACPI_OBJECT                 *res, *res2;
    int                         error, i, power_count;

    if (h == NULL || prw == NULL)
        return (EINVAL);

    /*
     * The _PRW object (7.2.9) is only required for devices that have the
     * ability to wake the system from a sleeping state.
     */
    error = EINVAL;
    prw_buffer.Pointer = NULL;
    prw_buffer.Length = ACPI_ALLOCATE_BUFFER;
    status = AcpiEvaluateObject(h, "_PRW", NULL, &prw_buffer);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
        return (ENOENT);
    res = (ACPI_OBJECT *)prw_buffer.Pointer;
    if (res == NULL)
        return (ENOENT);
    if (!ACPI_PKG_VALID(res, 2))
        goto out;

    /*
     * Element 1 of the _PRW object:
     * The lowest power system sleeping state that can be entered while still
     * providing wake functionality.  The sleeping state being entered must
     * be less than (i.e., higher power) or equal to this value.
     */
    if (acpi_PkgInt32(res, 1, &prw->lowest_wake) != 0)
        goto out;

    /*
     * Element 0 of the _PRW object:
     */
    switch (res->Package.Elements[0].Type) {
    case ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER:
        /*
         * If the data type of this package element is numeric, then this
         * _PRW package element is the bit index in the GPEx_EN, in the
         * GPE blocks described in the FADT, of the enable bit that is
         * enabled for the wake event.
         */
        prw->gpe_handle = NULL;
        prw->gpe_bit = res->Package.Elements[0].Integer.Value;
        error = 0;
        break;
    case ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE:
        /*
         * If the data type of this package element is a package, then this
         * _PRW package element is itself a package containing two
         * elements.  The first is an object reference to the GPE Block
         * device that contains the GPE that will be triggered by the wake
         * event.  The second element is numeric and it contains the bit
         * index in the GPEx_EN, in the GPE Block referenced by the
         * first element in the package, of the enable bit that is enabled for
         * the wake event.
         *
         * For example, if this field is a package then it is of the form:
         * Package() {\_SB.PCI0.ISA.GPE, 2}
         */
        res2 = &res->Package.Elements[0];
        if (!ACPI_PKG_VALID(res2, 2))
            goto out;
        prw->gpe_handle = acpi_GetReference(NULL, &res2->Package.Elements[0]);
        if (prw->gpe_handle == NULL)
            goto out;
        if (acpi_PkgInt32(res2, 1, &prw->gpe_bit) != 0)
            goto out;
        error = 0;
        break;
    default:
        goto out;
    }

    /* Elements 2 to N of the _PRW object are power resources. */
    power_count = res->Package.Count - 2;
    if (power_count > ACPI_PRW_MAX_POWERRES) {
        printf("ACPI device %s has too many power resources\n", acpi_name(h));
        power_count = 0;
    }
    prw->power_res_count = power_count;
    for (i = 0; i < power_count; i++)
        prw->power_res[i] = res->Package.Elements[i];

out:
    if (prw_buffer.Pointer != NULL)
        AcpiOsFree(prw_buffer.Pointer);
    return (error);
}

/*
 * ACPI Event Handlers
 */

/* System Event Handlers (registered by EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER) */

static void
acpi_system_eventhandler_sleep(struct acpi_softc *const sc,
    const enum power_stype stype)
{
    int ret;

    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE_U32((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__, stype);

    /* Check if button action is disabled or unknown. */
    if (stype == POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN)
        return;

    /*
     * Request that the system prepare to enter the given suspend state.
     */
    ret = acpi_ReqSleepState(sc, stype);
    if (ret != 0)
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev,
            "request to enter state %s failed (err %d)\n",
            power_stype_to_name(stype), ret);

    return_VOID;
}

static void
acpi_system_eventhandler_wakeup(struct acpi_softc *const sc,
    const enum power_stype stype)
{
    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE_U32((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__, stype);

    /* Currently, nothing to do for wakeup. */
    return_VOID;
}

/*
 * Grace window after wakeup during which a power/sleep button press for suspend
 * is ignored.  Some firmware wrongly reports the depress that caused the wakeup
 * as an "S0 Power/Sleep Button Pressed" notify (value 0x80) instead of the
 * spec-required "Device Wake" notify (0x02); honoring it re-enters sleep
 * immediately after resume.  On the Framework Laptop 12 the replayed event
 * arrives within ~620 ms of the recorded resume time, so a one-second window
 * was chosen.  See https://bugs.freebsd.org/296243 for the traces, timing
 * data, and analysis.
 */
#define ACPI_BUTTON_REPLAY_WINDOW       SBT_1S

static bool
acpi_button_resume_replay(struct acpi_softc *sc, const char *which)
{
    sbintime_t elapsed;

    if (sc->acpi_resume_sbt == 0)
        return (false);
    elapsed = getsbinuptime() - sc->acpi_resume_sbt;
    if (elapsed < 0 || elapsed >= ACPI_BUTTON_REPLAY_WINDOW)
        return (false);
    if (bootverbose) {
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev,
            "ignoring %s button press %jd us after resume "
            "(firmware replayed the wake event)\n",
            which, (intmax_t)(elapsed / SBT_1US));
    }
    return (true);
}

/*
 * ACPICA Event Handlers (FixedEvent, also called from button notify handler)
 */
void
acpi_invoke_sleep_eventhandler(const enum power_stype *const stype)
{
    EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(acpi_sleep_event, *stype);
}

void
acpi_invoke_wake_eventhandler(const enum power_stype *const stype)
{
    EVENTHANDLER_INVOKE(acpi_wakeup_event, *stype);
}

UINT32
acpi_event_power_button_sleep(struct acpi_softc *sc)
{
    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
    if (acpi_button_resume_replay(sc, "power"))
        return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_HANDLED);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiOsExecute(OSL_NOTIFY_HANDLER,
        (ACPI_OSD_EXEC_CALLBACK)acpi_invoke_sleep_eventhandler,
        &sc->acpi_power_button_stype)))
        return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_NOT_HANDLED);
#else
    shutdown_nice(RB_POWEROFF);
#endif

    return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_HANDLED);
}

UINT32
acpi_event_power_button_wake(struct acpi_softc *sc)
{
    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiOsExecute(OSL_NOTIFY_HANDLER,
        (ACPI_OSD_EXEC_CALLBACK)acpi_invoke_wake_eventhandler,
        &sc->acpi_power_button_stype)))
        return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_NOT_HANDLED);
    return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_HANDLED);
}

UINT32
acpi_event_sleep_button_sleep(struct acpi_softc *sc)
{
    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    if (acpi_button_resume_replay(sc, "sleep"))
        return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_HANDLED);

    if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiOsExecute(OSL_NOTIFY_HANDLER,
        (ACPI_OSD_EXEC_CALLBACK)acpi_invoke_sleep_eventhandler,
        &sc->acpi_sleep_button_stype)))
        return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_NOT_HANDLED);
    return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_HANDLED);
}

UINT32
acpi_event_sleep_button_wake(struct acpi_softc *sc)
{
    ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE((char *)(uintptr_t)__func__);

    if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiOsExecute(OSL_NOTIFY_HANDLER,
        (ACPI_OSD_EXEC_CALLBACK)acpi_invoke_wake_eventhandler,
        &sc->acpi_sleep_button_stype)))
        return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_NOT_HANDLED);
    return_VALUE (ACPI_INTERRUPT_HANDLED);
}

/*
 * XXX This static buffer is suboptimal.  There is no locking so only
 * use this for single-threaded callers.
 */
char *
acpi_name(ACPI_HANDLE handle)
{
    ACPI_BUFFER buf;
    static char data[256];

    buf.Length = sizeof(data);
    buf.Pointer = data;

    if (handle && ACPI_SUCCESS(AcpiGetName(handle, ACPI_FULL_PATHNAME, &buf)))
        return (data);
    return ("(unknown)");
}

/*
 * Debugging/bug-avoidance.  Avoid trying to fetch info on various
 * parts of the namespace.
 */
int
acpi_avoid(ACPI_HANDLE handle)
{
    char        *cp, *env, *np;
    int         len;

    np = acpi_name(handle);
    if (*np == '\\')
        np++;
    if ((env = kern_getenv("debug.acpi.avoid")) == NULL)
        return (0);

    /* Scan the avoid list checking for a match */
    cp = env;
    for (;;) {
        while (*cp != 0 && isspace(*cp))
            cp++;
        if (*cp == 0)
            break;
        len = 0;
        while (cp[len] != 0 && !isspace(cp[len]))
            len++;
        if (!strncmp(cp, np, len)) {
            freeenv(env);
            return(1);
        }
        cp += len;
    }
    freeenv(env);

    return (0);
}

/*
 * Debugging/bug-avoidance.  Disable ACPI subsystem components.
 */
int
acpi_disabled(char *subsys)
{
    char        *cp, *env;
    int         len;

    if ((env = kern_getenv("debug.acpi.disabled")) == NULL)
        return (0);
    if (strcmp(env, "all") == 0) {
        freeenv(env);
        return (1);
    }

    /* Scan the disable list, checking for a match. */
    cp = env;
    for (;;) {
        while (*cp != '\0' && isspace(*cp))
            cp++;
        if (*cp == '\0')
            break;
        len = 0;
        while (cp[len] != '\0' && !isspace(cp[len]))
            len++;
        if (strncmp(cp, subsys, len) == 0) {
            freeenv(env);
            return (1);
        }
        cp += len;
    }
    freeenv(env);

    return (0);
}

static void
acpi_lookup(void *arg, const char *name, device_t *dev)
{
    ACPI_HANDLE handle;

    if (*dev != NULL)
        return;

    /*
     * Allow any handle name that is specified as an absolute path and
     * starts with '\'.  We could restrict this to \_SB and friends,
     * but see acpi_probe_children() for notes on why we scan the entire
     * namespace for devices.
     */
    if (name[0] != '\\')
        return;
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(AcpiGetHandle(ACPI_ROOT_OBJECT, name, &handle)))
        return;
    *dev = acpi_get_device(handle);
}

/*
 * Control interface.
 *
 * We multiplex ioctls for all participating ACPI devices here.  Individual 
 * drivers wanting to be accessible via /dev/acpi should use the
 * register/deregister interface to make their handlers visible.
 */
struct acpi_ioctl_hook
{
    TAILQ_ENTRY(acpi_ioctl_hook) link;
    u_long                       cmd;
    acpi_ioctl_fn                fn;
    void                         *arg;
};

static TAILQ_HEAD(,acpi_ioctl_hook) acpi_ioctl_hooks =
        TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(acpi_ioctl_hooks);

int
acpi_register_ioctl(u_long cmd, acpi_ioctl_fn fn, void *arg)
{
    struct acpi_ioctl_hook *hp, *thp;

    hp = malloc(sizeof(*hp), M_ACPIDEV, M_WAITOK);
    hp->cmd = cmd;
    hp->fn = fn;
    hp->arg = arg;

    ACPI_LOCK(acpi);
    TAILQ_FOREACH(thp, &acpi_ioctl_hooks, link) {
        if (thp->cmd == cmd) {
            ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);
            free(hp, M_ACPIDEV);
            return (EBUSY);
        }
    }

    TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&acpi_ioctl_hooks, hp, link);
    ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);

    return (0);
}

void
acpi_deregister_ioctl(u_long cmd, acpi_ioctl_fn fn)
{
    struct acpi_ioctl_hook      *hp;

    ACPI_LOCK(acpi);
    TAILQ_FOREACH(hp, &acpi_ioctl_hooks, link)
        if (hp->cmd == cmd && hp->fn == fn)
            break;

    if (hp != NULL) {
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&acpi_ioctl_hooks, hp, link);
        free(hp, M_ACPIDEV);
    }
    ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);
}

void
acpi_deregister_ioctls(acpi_ioctl_fn fn)
{
        struct acpi_ioctl_hook *hp, *thp;

        ACPI_LOCK(acpi);
        TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(hp, &acpi_ioctl_hooks, link, thp) {
                if (hp->fn == fn) {
                        TAILQ_REMOVE(&acpi_ioctl_hooks, hp, link);
                        free(hp, M_ACPIDEV);
                }
        }
        ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);
}

static int
acpiopen(struct cdev *dev, int flag, int fmt, struct thread *td)
{
    return (0);
}

static int
acpiclose(struct cdev *dev, int flag, int fmt, struct thread *td)
{
    return (0);
}

static int
acpiioctl(struct cdev *dev, u_long cmd, caddr_t addr, int flag, struct thread *td)
{
    struct acpi_softc           *sc;
    struct acpi_ioctl_hook      *hp;
    int                         error;
    int                         sstate;

    error = 0;
    hp = NULL;
    sc = dev->si_drv1;

    /*
     * Scan the list of registered ioctls, looking for handlers.
     */
    ACPI_LOCK(acpi);
    TAILQ_FOREACH(hp, &acpi_ioctl_hooks, link) {
        if (hp->cmd == cmd)
            break;
    }
    ACPI_UNLOCK(acpi);
    if (hp)
        return (hp->fn(cmd, addr, hp->arg));

    /*
     * Core ioctls are not permitted for non-writable user.
     * Currently, other ioctls just fetch information.
     * Not changing system behavior.
     */
    if ((flag & FWRITE) == 0)
        return (EPERM);

    /* Core system ioctls. */
    switch (cmd) {
    case ACPIIO_REQSLPSTATE:
        sstate = *(int *)addr;
        if (sstate != ACPI_STATE_S5)
            return (acpi_ReqSleepState(sc, acpi_sstate_to_stype(sstate)));
        device_printf(sc->acpi_dev, "power off via acpi ioctl not supported\n");
        error = EOPNOTSUPP;
        break;
    case ACPIIO_ACKSLPSTATE:
        error = *(int *)addr;
        error = acpi_AckSleepState(sc->acpi_clone, error);
        break;
    case ACPIIO_SETSLPSTATE:    /* DEPRECATED */
        sstate = *(int *)addr;
        if (sstate < ACPI_STATE_S0 || sstate > ACPI_STATE_S5)
            return (EINVAL);
        if (!sc->acpi_supported_sstates[sstate])
            return (EOPNOTSUPP);
        if (ACPI_FAILURE(acpi_SetSleepState(sc, acpi_sstate_to_stype(sstate))))
            error = ENXIO;
        break;
    default:
        error = ENXIO;
        break;
    }

    return (error);
}

static int
acpi_sname_to_sstate(const char *sname)
{
    int sstate;

    if (strcasecmp(sname, "NONE") == 0)
        return (ACPI_STATE_UNKNOWN);

    if (toupper(sname[0]) == 'S') {
        sstate = sname[1] - '0';
        if (sstate >= ACPI_STATE_S0 && sstate <= ACPI_STATE_S5 &&
            sname[2] == '\0')
            return (sstate);
    }
    return (-1);
}

static const char *
acpi_sstate_to_sname(int state)
{
    static const char *snames[ACPI_S_STATE_COUNT] = {"S0", "S1", "S2", "S3",
        "S4", "S5"};

    if (state == ACPI_STATE_UNKNOWN)
        return ("NONE");
    if (state >= ACPI_STATE_S0 && state < ACPI_S_STATE_COUNT)
        return (snames[state]);
    return (NULL);
}

static int
acpi_supported_sleep_state_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
    const struct acpi_softc *const sc = arg1;
    int error;
    struct sbuf sb;
    UINT8 state;

    sbuf_new(&sb, NULL, 32, SBUF_AUTOEXTEND);
    for (state = ACPI_STATE_S1; state < ACPI_S_STATE_COUNT; state++)
        if (sc->acpi_supported_sstates[state])
            sbuf_printf(&sb, "%s ", acpi_sstate_to_sname(state));
    sbuf_trim(&sb);
    sbuf_finish(&sb);
    error = sysctl_handle_string(oidp, sbuf_data(&sb), sbuf_len(&sb), req);
    sbuf_delete(&sb);
    return (error);
}

static int
acpi_suspend_state_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
    const struct acpi_softc *const sc = oidp->oid_arg1;
    const enum power_stype old_stype = power_suspend_stype;
    enum power_stype new_stype;
    int old_sstate = acpi_stype_to_sstate(sc, old_stype);
    int new_sstate;
    char name[10];
    int err;

    strlcpy(name, acpi_sstate_to_sname(old_sstate), sizeof(name));
    err = sysctl_handle_string(oidp, name, sizeof(name), req);
    if (err != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
        return (err);

    new_sstate = acpi_sname_to_sstate(name);
    if (new_sstate < 0)
        return (EINVAL);
    new_stype = acpi_sstate_to_stype(new_sstate);
    if (new_sstate != ACPI_STATE_UNKNOWN &&
        sc->acpi_supported_stypes[new_stype] == false)
        return (EOPNOTSUPP);

    if (new_stype != old_stype)
        power_suspend_stype = new_stype;
    return (err);
}

static int
acpi_sleep_state_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
    struct acpi_softc *const sc = arg1;
    int *const state_field = (int *)((char *)sc + arg2);
    const int old_sstate = *state_field;
    char sleep_state[10];
    int error;
    int new_sstate;

    strlcpy(sleep_state, acpi_sstate_to_sname(old_sstate), sizeof(sleep_state));
    error = sysctl_handle_string(oidp, sleep_state, sizeof(sleep_state), req);
    if (error == 0 && req->newptr != NULL) {
        new_sstate = acpi_sname_to_sstate(sleep_state);
        if (new_sstate < 0)
            return (EINVAL);
        if (new_sstate < ACPI_S_STATE_COUNT &&
            !sc->acpi_supported_sstates[new_sstate])
            return (EOPNOTSUPP);
        if (new_sstate != old_sstate)
            *state_field = new_sstate;
    }
    return (error);
}

static int
acpi_stype_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
    struct acpi_softc *const sc = arg1;
    enum power_stype *const stype_field =
        (enum power_stype *)((char *)sc + arg2);
    const enum power_stype old_stype = *stype_field;
    enum power_stype new_stype;
    char name[POWER_STYPE_NAME_LEN];
    int err;
    int sstate;

    strlcpy(name, power_stype_to_name(old_stype), sizeof(name));
    err = sysctl_handle_string(oidp, name, sizeof(name), req);
    if (err != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
        return (err);

    if (strcasecmp(name, "NONE") == 0) {
        new_stype = POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN;
    } else {
        new_stype = power_name_to_stype(name);
        if (new_stype == POWER_STYPE_UNKNOWN) {
            sstate = acpi_sname_to_sstate(name);
            if (sstate < 0)
                return (EINVAL);
            printf("warning: the 'hw.acpi.%s' sysctl expects a sleep type, but "
                   "an ACPI S-state has been passed to it. This functionality "
                   "is deprecated; see acpi(4).\n", oidp->oid_name);
            MPASS(sstate < ACPI_S_STATE_COUNT);
            if (sc->acpi_supported_sstates[sstate] == false)
                return (EOPNOTSUPP);
            new_stype = acpi_sstate_to_stype(sstate);
        }
        if (sc->acpi_supported_stypes[new_stype] == false)
            return (EOPNOTSUPP);
    }

    if (new_stype != old_stype)
        *stype_field = new_stype;
    return (0);
}

/* Inform devctl(4) when we receive a Notify. */
void
acpi_UserNotify(const char *subsystem, ACPI_HANDLE h, uint8_t notify)
{
    char                notify_buf[16];
    ACPI_BUFFER         handle_buf;
    ACPI_STATUS         status;

    if (subsystem == NULL)
        return;

    handle_buf.Pointer = NULL;
    handle_buf.Length = ACPI_ALLOCATE_BUFFER;
    status = AcpiNsHandleToPathname(h, &handle_buf, FALSE);
    if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
        return;
    snprintf(notify_buf, sizeof(notify_buf), "notify=0x%02x", notify);
    devctl_notify("ACPI", subsystem, handle_buf.Pointer, notify_buf);
    AcpiOsFree(handle_buf.Pointer);
}

#ifdef ACPI_DEBUG
/*
 * Support for parsing debug options from the kernel environment.
 *
 * Bits may be set in the AcpiDbgLayer and AcpiDbgLevel debug registers
 * by specifying the names of the bits in the debug.acpi.layer and
 * debug.acpi.level environment variables.  Bits may be unset by 
 * prefixing the bit name with !.
 */
struct debugtag
{
    char        *name;
    UINT32      value;
};

static struct debugtag  dbg_layer[] = {
    {"ACPI_UTILITIES",          ACPI_UTILITIES},
    {"ACPI_HARDWARE",           ACPI_HARDWARE},
    {"ACPI_EVENTS",             ACPI_EVENTS},
    {"ACPI_TABLES",             ACPI_TABLES},
    {"ACPI_NAMESPACE",          ACPI_NAMESPACE},
    {"ACPI_PARSER",             ACPI_PARSER},
    {"ACPI_DISPATCHER",         ACPI_DISPATCHER},
    {"ACPI_EXECUTER",           ACPI_EXECUTER},
    {"ACPI_RESOURCES",          ACPI_RESOURCES},
    {"ACPI_CA_DEBUGGER",        ACPI_CA_DEBUGGER},
    {"ACPI_OS_SERVICES",        ACPI_OS_SERVICES},
    {"ACPI_CA_DISASSEMBLER",    ACPI_CA_DISASSEMBLER},
    {"ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS",     ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS},

    {"ACPI_AC_ADAPTER",         ACPI_AC_ADAPTER},
    {"ACPI_BATTERY",            ACPI_BATTERY},
    {"ACPI_BUS",                ACPI_BUS},
    {"ACPI_BUTTON",             ACPI_BUTTON},
    {"ACPI_EC",                 ACPI_EC},
    {"ACPI_FAN",                ACPI_FAN},
    {"ACPI_POWERRES",           ACPI_POWERRES},
    {"ACPI_PROCESSOR",          ACPI_PROCESSOR},
    {"ACPI_SPMC",               ACPI_SPMC},
    {"ACPI_THERMAL",            ACPI_THERMAL},
    {"ACPI_TIMER",              ACPI_TIMER},
    {"ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS",        ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS},
    {NULL, 0}
};

static struct debugtag dbg_level[] = {
    {"ACPI_LV_INIT",            ACPI_LV_INIT},
    {"ACPI_LV_DEBUG_OBJECT",    ACPI_LV_DEBUG_OBJECT},
    {"ACPI_LV_INFO",            ACPI_LV_INFO},
    {"ACPI_LV_REPAIR",          ACPI_LV_REPAIR},
    {"ACPI_LV_ALL_EXCEPTIONS",  ACPI_LV_ALL_EXCEPTIONS},

    /* Trace verbosity level 1 [Standard Trace Level] */
    {"ACPI_LV_INIT_NAMES",      ACPI_LV_INIT_NAMES},
    {"ACPI_LV_PARSE",           ACPI_LV_PARSE},
    {"ACPI_LV_LOAD",            ACPI_LV_LOAD},
    {"ACPI_LV_DISPATCH",        ACPI_LV_DISPATCH},
    {"ACPI_LV_EXEC",            ACPI_LV_EXEC},
    {"ACPI_LV_NAMES",           ACPI_LV_NAMES},
    {"ACPI_LV_OPREGION",        ACPI_LV_OPREGION},
    {"ACPI_LV_BFIELD",          ACPI_LV_BFIELD},
    {"ACPI_LV_TABLES",          ACPI_LV_TABLES},
    {"ACPI_LV_VALUES",          ACPI_LV_VALUES},
    {"ACPI_LV_OBJECTS",         ACPI_LV_OBJECTS},
    {"ACPI_LV_RESOURCES",       ACPI_LV_RESOURCES},
    {"ACPI_LV_USER_REQUESTS",   ACPI_LV_USER_REQUESTS},
    {"ACPI_LV_PACKAGE",         ACPI_LV_PACKAGE},
    {"ACPI_LV_VERBOSITY1",      ACPI_LV_VERBOSITY1},

    /* Trace verbosity level 2 [Function tracing and memory allocation] */
    {"ACPI_LV_ALLOCATIONS",     ACPI_LV_ALLOCATIONS},
    {"ACPI_LV_FUNCTIONS",       ACPI_LV_FUNCTIONS},
    {"ACPI_LV_OPTIMIZATIONS",   ACPI_LV_OPTIMIZATIONS},
    {"ACPI_LV_VERBOSITY2",      ACPI_LV_VERBOSITY2},
    {"ACPI_LV_ALL",             ACPI_LV_ALL},

    /* Trace verbosity level 3 [Threading, I/O, and Interrupts] */
    {"ACPI_LV_MUTEX",           ACPI_LV_MUTEX},
    {"ACPI_LV_THREADS",         ACPI_LV_THREADS},
    {"ACPI_LV_IO",              ACPI_LV_IO},
    {"ACPI_LV_INTERRUPTS",      ACPI_LV_INTERRUPTS},
    {"ACPI_LV_VERBOSITY3",      ACPI_LV_VERBOSITY3},

    /* Exceptionally verbose output -- also used in the global "DebugLevel"  */
    {"ACPI_LV_AML_DISASSEMBLE", ACPI_LV_AML_DISASSEMBLE},
    {"ACPI_LV_VERBOSE_INFO",    ACPI_LV_VERBOSE_INFO},
    {"ACPI_LV_FULL_TABLES",     ACPI_LV_FULL_TABLES},
    {"ACPI_LV_EVENTS",          ACPI_LV_EVENTS},
    {"ACPI_LV_VERBOSE",         ACPI_LV_VERBOSE},
    {NULL, 0}
};    

static void
acpi_parse_debug(char *cp, struct debugtag *tag, UINT32 *flag)
{
    char        *ep;
    int         i, l;
    int         set;

    while (*cp) {
        if (isspace(*cp)) {
            cp++;
            continue;
        }
        ep = cp;
        while (*ep && !isspace(*ep))
            ep++;
        if (*cp == '!') {
            set = 0;
            cp++;
            if (cp == ep)
                continue;
        } else {
            set = 1;
        }
        l = ep - cp;
        for (i = 0; tag[i].name != NULL; i++) {
            if (!strncmp(cp, tag[i].name, l)) {
                if (set)
                    *flag |= tag[i].value;
                else
                    *flag &= ~tag[i].value;
            }
        }
        cp = ep;
    }
}

static void
acpi_set_debugging(void *junk)
{
    char        *layer, *level;

    if (cold) {
        AcpiDbgLayer = 0;
        AcpiDbgLevel = 0;
    }

    layer = kern_getenv("debug.acpi.layer");
    level = kern_getenv("debug.acpi.level");
    if (layer == NULL && level == NULL)
        return;

    printf("ACPI set debug");
    if (layer != NULL) {
        if (strcmp("NONE", layer) != 0)
            printf(" layer '%s'", layer);
        acpi_parse_debug(layer, &dbg_layer[0], &AcpiDbgLayer);
        freeenv(layer);
    }
    if (level != NULL) {
        if (strcmp("NONE", level) != 0)
            printf(" level '%s'", level);
        acpi_parse_debug(level, &dbg_level[0], &AcpiDbgLevel);
        freeenv(level);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

SYSINIT(acpi_debugging, SI_SUB_TUNABLES, SI_ORDER_ANY, acpi_set_debugging,
        NULL);

static int
acpi_debug_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
    int          error, *dbg;
    struct       debugtag *tag;
    struct       sbuf sb;
    char         temp[128];

    if (sbuf_new(&sb, NULL, 128, SBUF_AUTOEXTEND) == NULL)
        return (ENOMEM);
    if (strcmp(oidp->oid_arg1, "debug.acpi.layer") == 0) {
        tag = &dbg_layer[0];
        dbg = &AcpiDbgLayer;
    } else {
        tag = &dbg_level[0];
        dbg = &AcpiDbgLevel;
    }

    /* Get old values if this is a get request. */
    ACPI_SERIAL_BEGIN(acpi);
    if (*dbg == 0) {
        sbuf_cpy(&sb, "NONE");
    } else if (req->newptr == NULL) {
        for (; tag->name != NULL; tag++) {
            if ((*dbg & tag->value) == tag->value)
                sbuf_printf(&sb, "%s ", tag->name);
        }
    }
    sbuf_trim(&sb);
    sbuf_finish(&sb);
    strlcpy(temp, sbuf_data(&sb), sizeof(temp));
    sbuf_delete(&sb);

    error = sysctl_handle_string(oidp, temp, sizeof(temp), req);

    /* Check for error or no change */
    if (error == 0 && req->newptr != NULL) {
        *dbg = 0;
        kern_setenv((char *)oidp->oid_arg1, temp);
        acpi_set_debugging(NULL);
    }
    ACPI_SERIAL_END(acpi);

    return (error);
}

SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_acpi, OID_AUTO, layer,
    CTLFLAG_RW | CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, "debug.acpi.layer", 0,
    acpi_debug_sysctl, "A",
    "");
SYSCTL_PROC(_debug_acpi, OID_AUTO, level,
    CTLFLAG_RW | CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, "debug.acpi.level", 0,
    acpi_debug_sysctl, "A",
    "");
#endif /* ACPI_DEBUG */

static int
acpi_debug_objects_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
        int     error;
        int     old;

        old = acpi_debug_objects;
        error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &acpi_debug_objects, 0, req);
        if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
                return (error);
        if (old == acpi_debug_objects || (old && acpi_debug_objects))
                return (0);

        ACPI_SERIAL_BEGIN(acpi);
        AcpiGbl_EnableAmlDebugObject = acpi_debug_objects ? TRUE : FALSE;
        ACPI_SERIAL_END(acpi);

        return (0);
}

static int
acpi_parse_interfaces(char *str, struct acpi_interface *iface)
{
        char *p;
        size_t len;
        int i, j;

        p = str;
        while (isspace(*p) || *p == ',')
                p++;
        len = strlen(p);
        if (len == 0)
                return (0);
        p = strdup(p, M_TEMP);
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
                if (p[i] == ',')
                        p[i] = '\0';
        i = j = 0;
        while (i < len)
                if (isspace(p[i]) || p[i] == '\0')
                        i++;
                else {
                        i += strlen(p + i) + 1;
                        j++;
                }
        if (j == 0) {
                free(p, M_TEMP);
                return (0);
        }
        iface->data = malloc(sizeof(*iface->data) * j, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        iface->num = j;
        i = j = 0;
        while (i < len)
                if (isspace(p[i]) || p[i] == '\0')
                        i++;
                else {
                        iface->data[j] = p + i;
                        i += strlen(p + i) + 1;
                        j++;
                }

        return (j);
}

static void
acpi_free_interfaces(struct acpi_interface *iface)
{

        free(iface->data[0], M_TEMP);
        free(iface->data, M_TEMP);
}

static void
acpi_reset_interfaces(device_t dev)
{
        struct acpi_interface list;
        ACPI_STATUS status;
        int i;

        if (acpi_parse_interfaces(acpi_install_interface, &list) > 0) {
                for (i = 0; i < list.num; i++) {
                        status = AcpiInstallInterface(list.data[i]);
                        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                                device_printf(dev,
                                    "failed to install _OSI(\"%s\"): %s\n",
                                    list.data[i], AcpiFormatException(status));
                        else if (bootverbose)
                                device_printf(dev, "installed _OSI(\"%s\")\n",
                                    list.data[i]);
                }
                acpi_free_interfaces(&list);
        }
        if (acpi_parse_interfaces(acpi_remove_interface, &list) > 0) {
                for (i = 0; i < list.num; i++) {
                        status = AcpiRemoveInterface(list.data[i]);
                        if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
                                device_printf(dev,
                                    "failed to remove _OSI(\"%s\"): %s\n",
                                    list.data[i], AcpiFormatException(status));
                        else if (bootverbose)
                                device_printf(dev, "removed _OSI(\"%s\")\n",
                                    list.data[i]);
                }
                acpi_free_interfaces(&list);
        }

        /*
         * Apple Mac hardware quirk: install Darwin OSI.
         *
         * On Apple hardware, install the Darwin OSI and remove the Windows OSI
         * to match Linux behavior.
         *
         * This is required for dual-GPU MacBook Pro systems
         * (Intel iGPU + AMD/NVIDIA dGPU) where the iGPU is hidden when the
         * firmware doesn't see Darwin OSI, but it also unlocks additional ACPI
         * support on non-MacBook Pro Apple platforms.
         *
         * Apple's ACPI firmware checks _OSI("Darwin") and sets OSYS=10000
         * for macOS. Many device methods use OSDW() which checks OSYS==10000
         * for macOS-specific behavior including GPU visibility and power
         * management.
         *
         * Linux enables Darwin OSI by default on Apple hardware and disables
         * all Windows OSI strings (drivers/acpi/osi.c). Users can override
         * this behavior with acpi_osi=!Darwin to get Windows-like behavior,
         * in general, but this logic makes that process unnecessary.
         *
         * Detect Apple via SMBIOS and enable Darwin while disabling Windows
         * vendor strings. This makes both GPUs visible on dual-GPU MacBook Pro
         * systems (Intel iGPU + AMD dGPU) and unlocks full platform
         * ACPI support.
         */
        if (acpi_apple_darwin_osi) {
                char *vendor = kern_getenv("smbios.system.maker");
                if (vendor != NULL) {
                        if (strcmp(vendor, "Apple Inc.") == 0 ||
                            strcmp(vendor, "Apple Computer, Inc.") == 0) {
                                /* Disable all other OSI vendor strings. */
                                status = AcpiUpdateInterfaces(
                                    ACPI_DISABLE_ALL_VENDOR_STRINGS);
                                if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status)) {
                                        /* Install Darwin OSI */
                                        status = AcpiInstallInterface("Darwin");
                                }
                                if (bootverbose) {
                                        if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status)) {
                                                device_printf(dev,
                                                    "disabled non-Darwin OSI & "
                                                    "installed Darwin OSI\n");
                                        } else {
                                                device_printf(dev,
                                                    "could not install "
                                                    "Darwin OSI: %s\n",
                                                    AcpiFormatException(status));
                                        }
                                }
                        } else if (bootverbose) {
                                device_printf(dev,
                                    "Not installing Darwin OSI on unsupported platform: %s\n",
                                    vendor);
                        }
                        freeenv(vendor);
                }
        }
}

static int
acpi_pm_func(u_long cmd, void *arg, enum power_stype stype)
{
        int     error;
        struct  acpi_softc *sc;

        error = 0;
        switch (cmd) {
        case POWER_CMD_SUSPEND:
                sc = (struct acpi_softc *)arg;
                if (sc == NULL) {
                        error = EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }
                if (ACPI_FAILURE(acpi_ReqSleepState(sc, stype)))
                        error = ENXIO;
                break;
        default:
                error = EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

out:
        return (error);
}