/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2008, Joseph Koshy
 * Copyright (c) 2007 The FreeBSD Foundation
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Portions of this software were developed by A. Joseph Koshy under
 * sponsorship from the FreeBSD Foundation and Google, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/cpuset.h>
#include <sys/event.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/ttycom.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#include <assert.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <kvm.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <pmc.h>
#include <pmclog.h>
#include <regex.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <libpmcstat.h>

#include "pmcstat.h"

/*
 * A given invocation of pmcstat(8) can manage multiple PMCs of both
 * the system-wide and per-process variety.  Each of these could be in
 * 'counting mode' or in 'sampling mode'.
 *
 * For 'counting mode' PMCs, pmcstat(8) will periodically issue a
 * pmc_read() at the configured time interval and print out the value
 * of the requested PMCs.
 *
 * For 'sampling mode' PMCs it can log to a file for offline analysis,
 * or can analyse sampling data "on the fly", either by converting
 * samples to printed textual form or by creating gprof(1) compatible
 * profiles, one per program executed.  When creating gprof(1)
 * profiles it can optionally merge entries from multiple processes
 * for a given executable into a single profile file.
 *
 * pmcstat(8) can also execute a command line and attach PMCs to the
 * resulting child process.  The protocol used is as follows:
 *
 * - parent creates a socketpair for two way communication and
 *   fork()s.
 * - subsequently:
 *
 *   /Parent/                           /Child/
 *
 *   - Wait for child's token.
 *                                      - Sends token.
 *                                      - Awaits signal to start.
 *  - Attaches PMCs to the child's pid
 *    and starts them. Sets up
 *    monitoring for the child.
 *  - Signals child to start.
 *                                      - Receives signal, attempts exec().
 *
 * After this point normal processing can happen.
 */

/* Globals */

int             pmcstat_displayheight = DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT;
int             pmcstat_displaywidth  = DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH;
static int      pmcstat_sockpair[NSOCKPAIRFD];
static int      pmcstat_kq;
static kvm_t    *pmcstat_kvm;
static struct kinfo_proc *pmcstat_plist;
struct pmcstat_args args;
static bool     libpmc_initialized = false;

static void
pmcstat_get_cpumask(const char *cpuspec, cpuset_t *cpumask)
{
        int cpu;
        const char *s;
        char *end;

        CPU_ZERO(cpumask);
        s = cpuspec;

        do {
                cpu = strtol(s, &end, 0);
                if (cpu < 0 || end == s)
                        errx(EX_USAGE,
                            "ERROR: Illegal CPU specification \"%s\".",
                            cpuspec);
                CPU_SET(cpu, cpumask);
                s = end + strspn(end, ", \t");
        } while (*s);
        assert(!CPU_EMPTY(cpumask));
}

void
pmcstat_cleanup(void)
{
        struct pmcstat_ev *ev;

        /* release allocated PMCs. */
        STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next)
                if (ev->ev_pmcid != PMC_ID_INVALID) {
                        if (pmc_stop(ev->ev_pmcid) < 0)
                                err(EX_OSERR,
                                    "ERROR: cannot stop pmc 0x%x \"%s\"",
                                    ev->ev_pmcid, ev->ev_name);
                        if (pmc_release(ev->ev_pmcid) < 0)
                                err(EX_OSERR,
                                    "ERROR: cannot release pmc 0x%x \"%s\"",
                                    ev->ev_pmcid, ev->ev_name);
                }

        /* de-configure the log file if present. */
        if (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_PIPE | FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE))
                (void) pmc_configure_logfile(-1);

        if (args.pa_logparser) {
                pmclog_close(args.pa_logparser);
                args.pa_logparser = NULL;
        }

        pmcstat_log_shutdown_logging();
}

void
pmcstat_find_targets(const char *spec)
{
        int n, nproc, pid, rv;
        struct pmcstat_target *pt;
        char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX], *end;
        static struct kinfo_proc *kp;
        regex_t reg;
        regmatch_t regmatch;

        /* First check if we've been given a process id. */
        pid = strtol(spec, &end, 0);
        if (end != spec && pid >= 0) {
                if ((pt = malloc(sizeof(*pt))) == NULL)
                        goto outofmemory;
                pt->pt_pid = pid;
                SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&args.pa_targets, pt, pt_next);
                return;
        }

        /* Otherwise treat arg as a regular expression naming processes. */
        if (pmcstat_kvm == NULL) {
                if ((pmcstat_kvm = kvm_openfiles(NULL, "/dev/null", NULL, 0,
                    errbuf)) == NULL)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot open kernel \"%s\"",
                            errbuf);
                if ((pmcstat_plist = kvm_getprocs(pmcstat_kvm, KERN_PROC_PROC,
                    0, &nproc)) == NULL)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot get process list: %s",
                            kvm_geterr(pmcstat_kvm));
        } else
                nproc = 0;

        if ((rv = regcomp(&reg, spec, REG_EXTENDED|REG_NOSUB)) != 0) {
                regerror(rv, &reg, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
                err(EX_DATAERR, "ERROR: Failed to compile regex \"%s\": %s",
                    spec, errbuf);
        }

        for (n = 0, kp = pmcstat_plist; n < nproc; n++, kp++) {
                if ((rv = regexec(&reg, kp->ki_comm, 1, &regmatch, 0)) == 0) {
                        if ((pt = malloc(sizeof(*pt))) == NULL)
                                goto outofmemory;
                        pt->pt_pid = kp->ki_pid;
                        SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&args.pa_targets, pt, pt_next);
                } else if (rv != REG_NOMATCH) {
                        regerror(rv, &reg, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
                        errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Regex evaluation failed: %s",
                            errbuf);
                }
        }

        regfree(&reg);

        return;

 outofmemory:
        errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "Out of memory.");
        /*NOTREACHED*/
}

void
pmcstat_kill_process(void)
{
        struct pmcstat_target *pt;

        assert(args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE);

        /*
         * If a command line was specified, it would be the very first
         * in the list, before any other processes specified by -t.
         */
        pt = SLIST_FIRST(&args.pa_targets);
        assert(pt != NULL);

        if (kill(pt->pt_pid, SIGINT) != 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: cannot signal child process");
}

void
pmcstat_start_pmcs(void)
{
        struct pmcstat_ev *ev;

        STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {

            assert(ev->ev_pmcid != PMC_ID_INVALID);

            if (pmc_start(ev->ev_pmcid) < 0) {
                warn("ERROR: Cannot start pmc 0x%x \"%s\"",
                    ev->ev_pmcid, ev->ev_name);
                pmcstat_cleanup();
                exit(EX_OSERR);
            }
        }
}

void
pmcstat_print_headers(void)
{
        struct pmcstat_ev *ev;
        int c, w;

        (void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, PRINT_HEADER_PREFIX);

        STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {
                if (PMC_IS_SAMPLING_MODE(ev->ev_mode))
                        continue;

                c = PMC_IS_SYSTEM_MODE(ev->ev_mode) ? 's' : 'p';

                if (ev->ev_fieldskip != 0)
                        (void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "%*s",
                            ev->ev_fieldskip, "");
                w = ev->ev_fieldwidth - ev->ev_fieldskip - 2;

                if (c == 's')
                        (void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "s/%02d/%-*s ",
                            ev->ev_cpu, w-3, ev->ev_name);
                else
                        (void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "p/%*s ", w,
                            ev->ev_name);
        }

        (void) fflush(args.pa_printfile);
}

void
pmcstat_print_counters(void)
{
        int extra_width;
        struct pmcstat_ev *ev;
        pmc_value_t value;

        extra_width = sizeof(PRINT_HEADER_PREFIX) - 1;

        STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {

                /* skip sampling mode counters */
                if (PMC_IS_SAMPLING_MODE(ev->ev_mode))
                        continue;

                if (pmc_read(ev->ev_pmcid, &value) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot read pmc \"%s\"",
                            ev->ev_name);

                (void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "%*ju ",
                    ev->ev_fieldwidth + extra_width,
                    (uintmax_t) ev->ev_cumulative ? value :
                    (value - ev->ev_saved));

                if (ev->ev_cumulative == 0)
                        ev->ev_saved = value;
                extra_width = 0;
        }

        (void) fflush(args.pa_printfile);
}

/*
 * Print output
 */

void
pmcstat_print_pmcs(void)
{
        static int linecount = 0;

        /* check if we need to print a header line */
        if (++linecount > pmcstat_displayheight) {
                (void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "\n");
                linecount = 1;
        }
        if (linecount == 1)
                pmcstat_print_headers();
        (void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "\n");

        pmcstat_print_counters();
}

void
pmcstat_show_usage(void)
{
        errx(EX_USAGE,
            "[options] [commandline]\n"
            "\t Measure process and/or system performance using hardware\n"
            "\t performance monitoring counters.\n"
            "\t Options include:\n"
            "\t -C\t\t (toggle) show cumulative counts\n"
            "\t -D path\t create profiles in directory \"path\"\n"
            "\t -E\t\t (toggle) show counts at process exit\n"
            "\t -F file\t write a system-wide callgraph (Kcachegrind format)"
                " to \"file\"\n"
            "\t -G file\t write a system-wide callgraph to \"file\"\n"
            "\t -I\t\t don't resolve leaf function name, show address instead\n"
            "\t -L\t\t list all counters available on this host\n"
            "\t -M file\t print executable/gmon file map to \"file\"\n"
            "\t -N\t\t (toggle) capture callchains\n"
            "\t -O file\t send log output to \"file\"\n"
            "\t -P spec\t allocate a process-private sampling PMC\n"
            "\t -R file\t read events from \"file\"\n"
            "\t -S spec\t allocate a system-wide sampling PMC\n"
            "\t -T\t\t start in top mode\n"
            "\t -U \t\t merged user kernel stack capture\n"
            "\t -W\t\t (toggle) show counts per context switch\n"
            "\t -a file\t print sampled PCs and callgraph to \"file\"\n"
            "\t -c cpu-list\t set cpus for subsequent system-wide PMCs\n"
            "\t -d\t\t (toggle) track descendants\n"
            "\t -e\t\t use wide history counter for gprof(1) output\n"
            "\t -f spec\t pass \"spec\" to as plugin option\n"
            "\t -g\t\t produce gprof(1) compatible profiles\n"
            "\t -i lwp\t\t filter on thread id \"lwp\" in post-processing\n"
            "\t -l secs\t set duration time\n"
            "\t -m file\t print sampled PCs to \"file\"\n"
            "\t -n rate\t set sampling rate\n"
            "\t -o file\t send print output to \"file\"\n"
            "\t -p spec\t allocate a process-private counting PMC\n"
            "\t -q\t\t suppress verbosity\n"
            "\t -r fsroot\t specify FS root directory\n"
            "\t -s spec\t allocate a system-wide counting PMC\n"
            "\t -t process-spec attach to running processes matching "
                "\"process-spec\"\n"
            "\t -u spec \t provide short description of counters matching spec\n"
            "\t -v\t\t increase verbosity\n"
            "\t -w secs\t set printing time interval\n"
            "\t -z depth\t limit callchain display depth"
        );
}

/*
 * At exit handler for top mode
 */

void
pmcstat_topexit(void)
{
        if (!args.pa_toptty)
                return;

        /*
         * Shutdown ncurses.
         */
        clrtoeol();
        refresh();
        endwin();
}

static inline void
libpmc_initialize(int *npmc)
{

        if (libpmc_initialized)
                return;
        if (pmc_init() < 0)
                err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "ERROR: Initialization of the pmc(3)"
                    " library failed");

        /* assume all CPUs are identical */
        if ((*npmc = pmc_npmc(0)) < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot determine the number of PMCs on "
                    "CPU %d", 0);
        libpmc_initialized = true;
}
/*
 * Main
 */

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        cpuset_t cpumask, dommask, rootmask;
        double interval;
        double duration;
        int option, npmc;
        int c, check_driver_stats; 
        int do_callchain, do_descendants, do_logproccsw, do_logprocexit;
        int do_print, do_read, do_listcounters, do_descr, domains;
        int do_userspace, i;
        size_t len;
        int graphdepth;
        int pipefd[2], rfd;
        int use_cumulative_counts;
        short cf, cb;
        uint64_t current_sampling_count;
        char *end, *event;
        const char *errmsg, *graphfilename;
        enum pmcstat_state runstate;
        struct pmc_driverstats ds_start, ds_end;
        struct pmcstat_ev *ev;
        struct sigaction sa;
        struct kevent kev;
        struct winsize ws;
        struct stat sb;
        uint32_t caps;

        check_driver_stats      = 0;
        current_sampling_count  = 0;
        do_callchain            = 1;
        do_descr                = 0;
        do_descendants          = 0;
        do_userspace            = 0;
        do_logproccsw           = 0;
        do_logprocexit          = 0;
        do_listcounters         = 0;
        domains                 = 0;
        use_cumulative_counts   = 0;
        graphfilename           = "-";
        args.pa_required        = 0;
        args.pa_flags           = 0;
        args.pa_verbosity       = 1;
        args.pa_logfd           = -1;
        args.pa_fsroot          = "";
        args.pa_samplesdir      = ".";
        args.pa_printfile       = stderr;
        args.pa_graphdepth      = DEFAULT_CALLGRAPH_DEPTH;
        args.pa_graphfile       = NULL;
        args.pa_interval        = DEFAULT_WAIT_INTERVAL;
        args.pa_mapfilename     = NULL;
        args.pa_inputpath       = NULL;
        args.pa_outputpath      = NULL;
        args.pa_pplugin         = PMCSTAT_PL_NONE;
        args.pa_plugin          = PMCSTAT_PL_NONE;
        args.pa_ctdumpinstr     = 1;
        args.pa_topmode         = PMCSTAT_TOP_DELTA;
        args.pa_toptty          = 0;
        args.pa_topcolor        = 0;
        args.pa_mergepmc        = 0;
        args.pa_duration        = 0.0;
        STAILQ_INIT(&args.pa_events);
        SLIST_INIT(&args.pa_targets);
        bzero(&ds_start, sizeof(ds_start));
        bzero(&ds_end, sizeof(ds_end));
        ev = NULL;
        event = NULL;
        caps = 0;
        CPU_ZERO(&cpumask);

        len = sizeof(domains);
        if (sysctlbyname("vm.ndomains", &domains, &len, NULL, 0) == -1)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot get number of domains");

        /*
         * The initial CPU mask specifies the root mask of this process
         * which is usually all CPUs in the system.
         */
        if (cpuset_getaffinity(CPU_LEVEL_ROOT, CPU_WHICH_PID, -1,
            sizeof(rootmask), &rootmask) == -1)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot determine the root set of CPUs");
        CPU_COPY(&rootmask, &cpumask);

        while ((option = getopt(argc, argv,
            "ACD:EF:G:ILM:NO:P:R:S:TUWZa:c:def:gi:l:m:n:o:p:qr:s:t:u:vw:z:")) != -1)
                switch (option) {
                case 'A':
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_SKIP_TOP_FN_RES;
                        break;

                case 'a':       /* Annotate + callgraph */
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE;
                        args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_ANNOTATE_CG;
                        graphfilename  = optarg;
                        break;

                case 'C':       /* cumulative values */
                        use_cumulative_counts = !use_cumulative_counts;
                        args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS;
                        break;

                case 'c':       /* CPU */
                        if (optarg[0] == '*' && optarg[1] == '\0')
                                CPU_COPY(&rootmask, &cpumask);
                        else
                                pmcstat_get_cpumask(optarg, &cpumask);

                        args.pa_flags    |= FLAGS_HAS_CPUMASK;
                        args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_SYSTEM_PMCS;
                        break;

                case 'D':
                        if (stat(optarg, &sb) < 0)
                                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot stat \"%s\"",
                                    optarg);
                        if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
                                    "ERROR: \"%s\" is not a directory.",
                                    optarg);
                        args.pa_samplesdir = optarg;
                        args.pa_flags     |= FLAG_HAS_SAMPLESDIR;
                        args.pa_required  |= FLAG_DO_GPROF;
                        break;

                case 'd':       /* toggle descendents */
                        do_descendants = !do_descendants;
                        args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS;
                        break;

                case 'E':       /* log process exit */
                        do_logprocexit = !do_logprocexit;
                        args.pa_required |= (FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS |
                            FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS | FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE);
                        break;

                case 'e':       /* wide gprof metrics */
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_WIDE_GPROF_HC;
                        break;

                case 'F':       /* produce a system-wide calltree */
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS;
                        args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_CALLTREE;
                        graphfilename = optarg;
                        break;

                case 'f':       /* plugins options */
                        if (args.pa_plugin == PMCSTAT_PL_NONE)
                                err(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: Need -g/-G/-m/-T.");
                        pmcstat_pluginconfigure_log(optarg);
                        break;

                case 'G':       /* produce a system-wide callgraph */
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS;
                        args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_CALLGRAPH;
                        graphfilename = optarg;
                        break;

                case 'g':       /* produce gprof compatible profiles */
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_GPROF;
                        args.pa_pplugin = PMCSTAT_PL_CALLGRAPH;
                        args.pa_plugin  = PMCSTAT_PL_GPROF;
                        break;

                case 'i':
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_FILTER_THREAD_ID;
                        args.pa_tid = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
                        break;

                case 'I':
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_SHOW_OFFSET;
                        break;

                case 'L':
                        do_listcounters = 1;
                        break;

                case 'l':       /* time duration in seconds */
                        duration = strtod(optarg, &end);
                        if (*end != '\0' || duration <= 0)
                                errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: Illegal duration time "
                                    "value \"%s\".", optarg);
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_DURATION;
                        args.pa_duration = duration;
                        break;

                case 'm':
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE;
                        args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_ANNOTATE;
                        graphfilename  = optarg;
                        break;

                case 'M':       /* mapfile */
                        args.pa_mapfilename = optarg;
                        break;

                case 'N':
                        do_callchain = !do_callchain;
                        args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS;
                        break;

                case 'p':       /* process virtual counting PMC */
                case 's':       /* system-wide counting PMC */
                case 'P':       /* process virtual sampling PMC */
                case 'S':       /* system-wide sampling PMC */
                        caps = 0;
                        if ((ev = malloc(sizeof(*ev))) == NULL)
                                errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Out of memory.");

                        switch (option) {
                        case 'p': ev->ev_mode = PMC_MODE_TC; break;
                        case 's': ev->ev_mode = PMC_MODE_SC; break;
                        case 'P': ev->ev_mode = PMC_MODE_TS; break;
                        case 'S': ev->ev_mode = PMC_MODE_SS; break;
                        }

                        if (option == 'P' || option == 'p') {
                                args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS;
                                args.pa_required |= (FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE |
                                    FLAG_HAS_TARGET);
                        }

                        if (option == 'P' || option == 'S') {
                                args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS;
                                args.pa_required |= (FLAG_HAS_PIPE |
                                    FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE);
                        }

                        if (option == 'p' || option == 's')
                                args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS;

                        if (option == 's' || option == 'S')
                                args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_SYSTEM_PMCS;

                        ev->ev_spec = strdup(optarg);
                        if (ev->ev_spec == NULL)
                                errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Out of memory.");

                        if (option == 'S' || option == 'P')
                                ev->ev_count = current_sampling_count ? current_sampling_count : pmc_pmu_sample_rate_get(ev->ev_spec);
                        else
                                ev->ev_count = 0;

                        if (option == 'S' || option == 's')
                                ev->ev_cpu = CPU_FFS(&cpumask) - 1;
                        else
                                ev->ev_cpu = PMC_CPU_ANY;

                        ev->ev_flags = 0;
                        if (do_callchain) {
                                ev->ev_flags |= PMC_F_CALLCHAIN;
                                if (do_userspace)
                                        ev->ev_flags |= PMC_F_USERCALLCHAIN;
                        }
                        if (do_descendants)
                                ev->ev_flags |= PMC_F_DESCENDANTS;
                        if (do_logprocexit)
                                ev->ev_flags |= PMC_F_LOG_PROCEXIT;
                        if (do_logproccsw)
                                ev->ev_flags |= PMC_F_LOG_PROCCSW;

                        ev->ev_cumulative  = use_cumulative_counts;

                        ev->ev_saved = 0LL;
                        ev->ev_pmcid = PMC_ID_INVALID;

                        /* extract event name */
                        c = strcspn(optarg, ", \t");
                        ev->ev_name = malloc(c + 1);
                        if (ev->ev_name == NULL)
                                errx(EX_SOFTWARE, "ERROR: Out of memory.");
                        (void) strncpy(ev->ev_name, optarg, c);
                        *(ev->ev_name + c) = '\0';

                        libpmc_initialize(&npmc);

                        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SYSTEM_PMCS) {
                                /*
                                 * We need to check the capabilities of the
                                 * desired event to determine if it should be
                                 * allocated on every CPU, or only a subset of
                                 * them. This requires allocating a PMC now.
                                 */
                                if (pmc_allocate(ev->ev_spec, ev->ev_mode,
                                    ev->ev_flags, ev->ev_cpu, &ev->ev_pmcid,
                                    ev->ev_count) < 0)
                                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot allocate "
                                            "system-mode pmc with specification"
                                            " \"%s\"", ev->ev_spec);
                                if (pmc_capabilities(ev->ev_pmcid, &caps)) {
                                        pmc_release(ev->ev_pmcid);
                                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot get pmc "
                                            "capabilities");
                                }

                                /*
                                 * Release the PMC now that we have caps; we
                                 * will reallocate shortly.
                                 */
                                pmc_release(ev->ev_pmcid);
                                ev->ev_pmcid = PMC_ID_INVALID;
                        }

                        STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&args.pa_events, ev, ev_next);

                        if ((caps & PMC_CAP_SYSWIDE) == PMC_CAP_SYSWIDE) {
                                CPU_ZERO(&cpumask);
                                CPU_SET(0, &cpumask);
                                args.pa_flags |= FLAGS_HAS_CPUMASK;
                        }
                        if ((caps & PMC_CAP_DOMWIDE) == PMC_CAP_DOMWIDE) {
                                CPU_ZERO(&cpumask);
                                /*
                                 * Get number of domains and allocate one
                                 * counter in each.
                                 * First already allocated.
                                 */
                                for (i = 1; i < domains; i++) {
                                        CPU_ZERO(&dommask);
                                        cpuset_getaffinity(CPU_LEVEL_WHICH,
                                            CPU_WHICH_DOMAIN, i, sizeof(dommask),
                                            &dommask);
                                        CPU_SET(CPU_FFS(&dommask) - 1, &cpumask);
                                }
                                args.pa_flags |= FLAGS_HAS_CPUMASK;
                        }
                        if (option == 's' || option == 'S') {
                                CPU_CLR(ev->ev_cpu, &cpumask);
                                pmcstat_clone_event_descriptor(ev, &cpumask, &args);
                                CPU_SET(ev->ev_cpu, &cpumask);
                        }

                        break;

                case 'n':       /* sampling count */
                        current_sampling_count = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
                        if (*end != '\0' || current_sampling_count <= 0)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
                                    "ERROR: Illegal count value \"%s\".",
                                    optarg);
                        args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS;
                        break;

                case 'o':       /* outputfile */
                        if (args.pa_printfile != NULL &&
                            args.pa_printfile != stdout &&
                            args.pa_printfile != stderr)
                                (void) fclose(args.pa_printfile);
                        if ((args.pa_printfile = fopen(optarg, "w")) == NULL)
                                errx(EX_OSERR,
                                    "ERROR: cannot open \"%s\" for writing.",
                                    optarg);
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_PRINT;
                        break;

                case 'O':       /* sampling output */
                        if (args.pa_outputpath)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: option -O may only be specified once.");
                        args.pa_outputpath = optarg;
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE;
                        break;

                case 'q':       /* quiet mode */
                        args.pa_verbosity = 0;
                        break;

                case 'r':       /* root FS path */
                        args.pa_fsroot = optarg;
                        break;

                case 'R':       /* read an existing log file */
                        if (args.pa_inputpath != NULL)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: option -R may only be specified once.");
                        args.pa_inputpath = optarg;
                        if (args.pa_printfile == stderr)
                                args.pa_printfile = stdout;
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_READ_LOGFILE;
                        break;

                case 't':       /* target pid or process name */
                        pmcstat_find_targets(optarg);

                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_TARGET;
                        args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS;
                        break;

                case 'T':       /* top mode */
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_TOP;
                        args.pa_plugin = PMCSTAT_PL_CALLGRAPH;
                        args.pa_ctdumpinstr = 0;
                        args.pa_mergepmc = 1;
                        if (args.pa_printfile == stderr)
                                args.pa_printfile = stdout;
                        break;

                case 'u':
                        do_descr = 1;
                        event = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'U':       /* toggle user-space callchain capture */
                        do_userspace = !do_userspace;
                        args.pa_required |= FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS;
                        break;
                case 'v':       /* verbose */
                        args.pa_verbosity++;
                        break;

                case 'w':       /* wait interval */
                        interval = strtod(optarg, &end);
                        if (*end != '\0' || interval <= 0)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: Illegal wait interval value \"%s\".",
                                    optarg);
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_WAIT_INTERVAL;
                        args.pa_interval = interval;
                        break;

                case 'W':       /* toggle LOG_CSW */
                        do_logproccsw = !do_logproccsw;
                        args.pa_required |= (FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS |
                            FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS | FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE);
                        break;

                case 'z':
                        graphdepth = strtod(optarg, &end);
                        if (*end != '\0' || graphdepth <= 0)
                                errx(EX_USAGE,
                                    "ERROR: Illegal callchain depth \"%s\".",
                                    optarg);
                        args.pa_graphdepth = graphdepth;
                        args.pa_required |= FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS;
                        break;

                case '?':
                default:
                        pmcstat_show_usage();
                        break;

                }
        if ((do_listcounters | do_descr) &&
                pmc_pmu_enabled() == 0)
                        errx(EX_USAGE, "pmu features not supported on host or hwpmc not loaded");
        if (do_listcounters) {
                pmc_pmu_print_counters(NULL);
        } else if (do_descr) {
                pmc_pmu_print_counter_desc(event);
        }
        if (do_listcounters | do_descr)
                exit(0);

        args.pa_argc = (argc -= optind);
        args.pa_argv = (argv += optind);

        /* If we read from logfile and no specified CPU mask use
         * the maximum CPU count.
         */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAGS_HAS_CPUMASK) == 0)
                CPU_FILL(&cpumask);

        args.pa_cpumask = cpumask; /* For selecting CPUs using -R. */

        if (argc)       /* command line present */
                args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE;

        if (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_DO_GPROF | FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS |
            FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE | FLAG_DO_TOP))
                args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_ANALYSIS;

        /*
         * Check invocation syntax.
         */

        /* disallow -O and -R together */
        if (args.pa_outputpath && args.pa_inputpath)
                errx(EX_USAGE,
                    "ERROR: options -O and -R are mutually exclusive.");

        /* disallow -T and -l together */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_DURATION) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP))
                errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: options -T and -l are mutually "
                    "exclusive.");

        /* -a and -m require -R */
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE && args.pa_inputpath == NULL)
                errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: option %s requires an input file",
                    args.pa_plugin == PMCSTAT_PL_ANNOTATE ? "-m" : "-a");

        /* -m option is not allowed combined with -g or -G. */
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE &&
            args.pa_flags & (FLAG_DO_GPROF | FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS))
                errx(EX_USAGE,
                    "ERROR: option -m and -g | -G are mutually exclusive");

        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) {
                errmsg = NULL;
                if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)
                        errmsg = "a command line specification";
                else if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_TARGET)
                        errmsg = "option -t";
                else if (!STAILQ_EMPTY(&args.pa_events))
                        errmsg = "a PMC event specification";
                if (errmsg)
                        errx(EX_USAGE,
                            "ERROR: option -R may not be used with %s.",
                            errmsg);
        } else if (STAILQ_EMPTY(&args.pa_events))
                /* All other uses require a PMC spec. */
                pmcstat_show_usage();

        /* check for -t pid without a process PMC spec */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_TARGET) &&
            (args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS) == 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: option -t requires a process mode PMC to be specified."
                    );

        /* check for process-mode options without a command or -t pid */
        if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS) &&
            (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE | FLAG_HAS_TARGET)) == 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: options -d, -E, -p, -P, and -W require a command line or target process."
                    );

        /* check for -p | -P without a target process of some sort */
        if ((args.pa_required & (FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE | FLAG_HAS_TARGET)) &&
            (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE | FLAG_HAS_TARGET)) == 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: options -P and -p require a target process or a command line."
                    );

        /* check for process-mode options without a process-mode PMC */
        if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS) == 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: options -d, -E, -t, and -W require a process mode PMC to be specified."
                    );

        /* check for -c cpu with no system mode PMCs or logfile. */
        if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_SYSTEM_PMCS) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SYSTEM_PMCS) == 0 &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) == 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: option -c requires at least one system mode PMC to be specified."
                    );

        /* check for counting mode options without a counting PMC */
        if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS) == 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: options -C, -W and -o require at least one counting mode PMC to be specified."
                    );

        /* check for sampling mode options without a sampling PMC spec */
        if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) == 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: options -N, -n and -O require at least one sampling mode PMC to be specified."
                    );

        /* check if -g/-G/-m/-T are being used correctly */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANALYSIS) &&
            !(args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS|FLAG_READ_LOGFILE)))
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: options -g/-G/-m/-T require sampling PMCs or -R to be specified."
                    );

        /* check if -e was specified without -g */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_WIDE_GPROF_HC) &&
            !(args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_GPROF))
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: option -e requires gprof mode to be specified."
                    );

        /* check if -O was spuriously specified */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) &&
            (args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) == 0)
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: option -O is used only with options -E, -P, -S and -W."
                    );

        /* -D only applies to gprof output mode (-g) */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLESDIR) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_GPROF) == 0)
            errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: option -D is only used with -g.");

        /* -M mapfile requires -g or -R */
        if (args.pa_mapfilename != NULL &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_GPROF) == 0 &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) == 0)
            errx(EX_USAGE, "ERROR: option -M is only used with -g/-R.");

        /*
         * Disallow textual output of sampling PMCs if counting PMCs
         * have also been asked for, mostly because the combined output
         * is difficult to make sense of.
         */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) &&
            ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) == 0))
                errx(EX_USAGE,
"ERROR: option -O is required if counting and sampling PMCs are specified together."
                    );

        /*
         * If we have a callgraph be created, select the outputfile.
         */
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_CALLGRAPHS) {
                if (strcmp(graphfilename, "-") == 0)
                    args.pa_graphfile = args.pa_printfile;
                else {
                        args.pa_graphfile = fopen(graphfilename, "w");
                        if (args.pa_graphfile == NULL)
                                err(EX_OSERR,
                                    "ERROR: cannot open \"%s\" for writing",
                                    graphfilename);
                }
        }
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANNOTATE) {
                args.pa_graphfile = fopen(graphfilename, "w");
                if (args.pa_graphfile == NULL)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: cannot open \"%s\" for writing",
                            graphfilename);
        }

        /* if we've been asked to process a log file, skip init */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) == 0)
                libpmc_initialize(&npmc);

        /* Allocate a kqueue */
        if ((pmcstat_kq = kqueue()) < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot allocate kqueue");

        /* Setup the logfile as the source. */
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) {
                /*
                 * Print the log in textual form if we haven't been
                 * asked to generate profiling information.
                 */
                if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_ANALYSIS) == 0)
                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_PRINT;

                pmcstat_log_initialize_logging();
                rfd = pmcstat_open_log(args.pa_inputpath,
                    PMCSTAT_OPEN_FOR_READ);
                if ((args.pa_logparser = pmclog_open(rfd)) == NULL)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot create parser");
                if (fcntl(rfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: fcntl(2) failed");
                EV_SET(&kev, rfd, EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD,
                    0, 0, NULL);
                if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent");
        }
        /*
         * Configure the specified log file or setup a default log
         * consumer via a pipe.
         */
        if (args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) {
                if (args.pa_outputpath)
                        args.pa_logfd = pmcstat_open_log(args.pa_outputpath,
                            PMCSTAT_OPEN_FOR_WRITE);
                else {
                        /*
                         * process the log on the fly by reading it in
                         * through a pipe.
                         */
                        if (pipe(pipefd) < 0)
                                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: pipe(2) failed");

                        if (fcntl(pipefd[READPIPEFD], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
                                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: fcntl(2) failed");

                        EV_SET(&kev, pipefd[READPIPEFD], EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD,
                            0, 0, NULL);

                        if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
                                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent");

                        args.pa_logfd = pipefd[WRITEPIPEFD];

                        args.pa_flags |= FLAG_HAS_PIPE;
                        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) == 0)
                                args.pa_flags |= FLAG_DO_PRINT;
                        args.pa_logparser = pmclog_open(pipefd[READPIPEFD]);
                }

                if (pmc_configure_logfile(args.pa_logfd) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot configure log file");
        }

        /* remember to check for driver errors if we are sampling or logging */
        check_driver_stats = (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) ||
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE);

        /*
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_READ_LOGFILE) {
         * Allocate PMCs.
         */

        STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {
                if (pmc_allocate(ev->ev_spec, ev->ev_mode,
                        ev->ev_flags, ev->ev_cpu, &ev->ev_pmcid,
                        ev->ev_count) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR,
"ERROR: Cannot allocate %s-mode pmc with specification \"%s\"",
                            PMC_IS_SYSTEM_MODE(ev->ev_mode) ?
                            "system" : "process", ev->ev_spec);

                if (PMC_IS_SAMPLING_MODE(ev->ev_mode) &&
                    pmc_set(ev->ev_pmcid, ev->ev_count) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR,
                            "ERROR: Cannot set sampling count for PMC \"%s\"",
                            ev->ev_name);
        }

        /* compute printout widths */
        STAILQ_FOREACH(ev, &args.pa_events, ev_next) {
                int counter_width;
                int display_width;
                int header_width;

                (void) pmc_width(ev->ev_pmcid, &counter_width);
                header_width = strlen(ev->ev_name) + 2; /* prefix '%c/' */
                display_width = (int) floor(counter_width / 3.32193) + 1;

                if (PMC_IS_SYSTEM_MODE(ev->ev_mode))
                        header_width += 3; /* 2 digit CPU number + '/' */

                if (header_width > display_width) {
                        ev->ev_fieldskip = 0;
                        ev->ev_fieldwidth = header_width;
                } else {
                        ev->ev_fieldskip = display_width -
                            header_width;
                        ev->ev_fieldwidth = display_width;
                }
        }

        /*
         * If our output is being set to a terminal, register a handler
         * for window size changes.
         */

        if (isatty(fileno(args.pa_printfile))) {

                if (ioctl(fileno(args.pa_printfile), TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot determine window size");

                pmcstat_displayheight = ws.ws_row - 1;
                pmcstat_displaywidth  = ws.ws_col - 1;

                EV_SET(&kev, SIGWINCH, EVFILT_SIGNAL, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);

                if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR,
                            "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for SIGWINCH");

                args.pa_toptty = 1;
        }

        /*
         * Listen to key input in top mode.
         */
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) {
                EV_SET(&kev, fileno(stdin), EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);
                if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent");
        }

        EV_SET(&kev, SIGINT, EVFILT_SIGNAL, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);
        if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for SIGINT");

        EV_SET(&kev, SIGIO, EVFILT_SIGNAL, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);
        if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for SIGIO");

        /*
         * An exec() failure of a forked child is signalled by the
         * child sending the parent a SIGCHLD.  We don't register an
         * actual signal handler for SIGCHLD, but instead use our
         * kqueue to pick up the signal.
         */
        EV_SET(&kev, SIGCHLD, EVFILT_SIGNAL, EV_ADD, 0, 0, NULL);
        if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for SIGCHLD");

        /* 
         * Setup a timer if we have counting mode PMCs needing to be printed or
         * top mode plugin is active.
         */
        if (((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COUNTING_PMCS) &&
             (args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) == 0) ||
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP)) {
                EV_SET(&kev, 0, EVFILT_TIMER, EV_ADD, 0,
                    args.pa_interval * 1000, NULL);

                if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR,
                            "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for timer");
        }

        /*
         * Setup a duration timer if we have sampling mode PMCs and
         * a duration time is set
         */
        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_SAMPLING_PMCS) &&
            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_DURATION)) {
                EV_SET(&kev, 0, EVFILT_TIMER, EV_ADD, 0,
                    args.pa_duration * 1000, NULL);

                if (kevent(pmcstat_kq, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot register kevent for "
                            "time duration");
        }

        /* attach PMCs to the target process, starting it if specified */
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)
                pmcstat_create_process(pmcstat_sockpair, &args, pmcstat_kq);

        if (check_driver_stats && pmc_get_driver_stats(&ds_start) < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot retrieve driver statistics");

        /* Attach process pmcs to the target process. */
        if (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_TARGET | FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)) {
                if (SLIST_EMPTY(&args.pa_targets))
                        errx(EX_DATAERR,
                            "ERROR: No matching target processes.");
                if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_PROCESS_PMCS)
                        pmcstat_attach_pmcs(&args);

                if (pmcstat_kvm) {
                        kvm_close(pmcstat_kvm);
                        pmcstat_kvm = NULL;
                }
        }

        /* start the pmcs */
        pmcstat_start_pmcs();

        /* start the (commandline) process if needed */
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)
                pmcstat_start_process(pmcstat_sockpair);

        /* initialize logging */
        pmcstat_log_initialize_logging();

        /* Handle SIGINT using the kqueue loop */
        sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
        sa.sa_flags   = 0;
        (void) sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);

        if (sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL) < 0)
                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: Cannot install signal handler");

        /*
         * Setup the top mode display.
         */
        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) {
                args.pa_flags &= ~FLAG_DO_PRINT;

                if (args.pa_toptty) {
                        /*
                         * Init ncurses.
                         */
                        initscr();
                        if(has_colors() == TRUE) {
                                args.pa_topcolor = 1;
                                start_color();
                                use_default_colors();
                                pair_content(0, &cf, &cb);
                                init_pair(1, COLOR_RED, cb);
                                init_pair(2, COLOR_YELLOW, cb);
                                init_pair(3, COLOR_GREEN, cb);
                        }
                        cbreak();
                        noecho();
                        nonl();
                        nodelay(stdscr, 1);
                        intrflush(stdscr, FALSE);
                        keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
                        clear();
                        /* Get terminal width / height with ncurses. */
                        getmaxyx(stdscr,
                            pmcstat_displayheight, pmcstat_displaywidth);
                        pmcstat_displayheight--; pmcstat_displaywidth--;
                        atexit(pmcstat_topexit);
                }
        }

        /*
         * loop till either the target process (if any) exits, or we
         * are killed by a SIGINT or we reached the time duration.
         */
        runstate = PMCSTAT_RUNNING;
        do_print = do_read = 0;
        do {
                if ((c = kevent(pmcstat_kq, NULL, 0, &kev, 1, NULL)) <= 0) {
                        if (errno != EINTR)
                                err(EX_OSERR, "ERROR: kevent failed");
                        else
                                continue;
                }

                if (kev.flags & EV_ERROR)
                        errc(EX_OSERR, kev.data, "ERROR: kevent failed");

                switch (kev.filter) {
                case EVFILT_PROC:  /* target has exited */
                        runstate = pmcstat_close_log(&args);
                        do_print = 1;
                        break;

                case EVFILT_READ:  /* log file data is present */
                        if (kev.ident == (unsigned)fileno(stdin) &&
                            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP)) {
                                if (pmcstat_keypress_log())
                                        runstate = pmcstat_close_log(&args);
                        } else {
                                do_read = 0;
                                runstate = pmcstat_process_log();
                        }
                        break;

                case EVFILT_SIGNAL:
                        if (kev.ident == SIGCHLD) {
                                /*
                                 * The child process sends us a
                                 * SIGCHLD if its exec() failed.  We
                                 * wait for it to exit and then exit
                                 * ourselves.
                                 */
                                (void) wait(&c);
                                runstate = PMCSTAT_FINISHED;
                        } else if (kev.ident == SIGIO) {
                                /*
                                 * We get a SIGIO if a PMC loses all
                                 * of its targets, or if logfile
                                 * writes encounter an error.
                                 */
                                runstate = pmcstat_close_log(&args);
                                do_print = 1; /* print PMCs at exit */
                        } else if (kev.ident == SIGINT) {
                                /* Kill the child process if we started it */
                                if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_COMMANDLINE)
                                        pmcstat_kill_process();
                                runstate = pmcstat_close_log(&args);
                        } else if (kev.ident == SIGWINCH) {
                                if (ioctl(fileno(args.pa_printfile),
                                        TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
                                    err(EX_OSERR,
                                        "ERROR: Cannot determine window size");
                                pmcstat_displayheight = ws.ws_row - 1;
                                pmcstat_displaywidth  = ws.ws_col - 1;
                        } else
                                assert(0);

                        break;

                case EVFILT_TIMER:
                        /* time duration reached, exit */
                        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_DURATION) {
                                runstate = PMCSTAT_FINISHED;
                                break;
                        }
                        /* print out counting PMCs */
                        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) &&
                            (args.pa_flags & FLAG_HAS_PIPE) &&
                             pmc_flush_logfile() == 0)
                                do_read = 1;
                        do_print = 1;
                        break;

                }

                if (do_print && !do_read) {
                        if ((args.pa_required & FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE) == 0) {
                                pmcstat_print_pmcs();
                                if (runstate == PMCSTAT_FINISHED &&
                                    /* final newline */
                                    (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_PRINT) == 0)
                                        (void) fprintf(args.pa_printfile, "\n");
                        }
                        if (args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP)
                                pmcstat_display_log();
                        do_print = 0;
                }

        } while (runstate != PMCSTAT_FINISHED);

        if ((args.pa_flags & FLAG_DO_TOP) && args.pa_toptty) {
                pmcstat_topexit();
                args.pa_toptty = 0;
        }

        /* flush any pending log entries */
        if (args.pa_flags & (FLAG_HAS_OUTPUT_LOGFILE | FLAG_HAS_PIPE))
                pmc_close_logfile();

        pmcstat_cleanup();

        /* check if the driver lost any samples or events */
        if (check_driver_stats) {
                if (pmc_get_driver_stats(&ds_end) < 0)
                        err(EX_OSERR,
                            "ERROR: Cannot retrieve driver statistics");
                if (ds_start.pm_intr_bufferfull != ds_end.pm_intr_bufferfull &&
                    args.pa_verbosity > 0)
                        warnx(
"WARNING: sampling was paused at least %u time%s.\n"
"Please consider tuning the \"kern.hwpmc.nsamples\" tunable.",
                            ds_end.pm_intr_bufferfull -
                            ds_start.pm_intr_bufferfull,
                            ((ds_end.pm_intr_bufferfull -
                            ds_start.pm_intr_bufferfull) != 1) ? "s" : ""
                            );
                if (ds_start.pm_buffer_requests_failed !=
                    ds_end.pm_buffer_requests_failed &&
                    args.pa_verbosity > 0)
                        warnx(
"WARNING: at least %u event%s were discarded while running.\n"
"Please consider tuning the \"kern.hwpmc.nbuffers_pcpu\" tunable.",
                            ds_end.pm_buffer_requests_failed -
                            ds_start.pm_buffer_requests_failed,
                            ((ds_end.pm_buffer_requests_failed -
                            ds_start.pm_buffer_requests_failed) != 1) ? "s" : ""
                            );
        }

        exit(EX_OK);
}