root/usr.sbin/jail/jail.c
/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1999 Poul-Henning Kamp.
 * Copyright (c) 2009-2012 James Gritton
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>

#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "jailp.h"

#define JP_RDTUN(jp)    (((jp)->jp_ctltype & CTLFLAG_RDTUN) == CTLFLAG_RDTUN)

struct permspec {
        const char      *name;
        enum intparam   ipnum;
        int             rev;
};

int iflag;
int note_remove;
int verbose;
const char *separator = "\t";

static void clear_persist(struct cfjail *j);
static int update_jail(struct cfjail *j);
static int rdtun_params(struct cfjail *j, int dofail);
static void running_jid(struct cfjail *j);
static void jail_quoted_warnx(const struct cfjail *j, const char *name_msg,
    const char *noname_msg);
static int jailparam_set_note(const struct cfjail *j, struct jailparam *jp,
    unsigned njp, int flags);
static void print_jail(FILE *fp, struct cfjail *j, int oldcl, int running);
static void print_param(FILE *fp, const struct cfparam *p, int sep, int doname);
static void show_jails(void);
static void quoted_print(FILE *fp, char *str);
static void usage(void) __dead2;

static struct permspec perm_sysctl[] = {
    { "security.jail.set_hostname_allowed", KP_ALLOW_SET_HOSTNAME, 0 },
    { "security.jail.sysvipc_allowed", KP_ALLOW_SYSVIPC, 0 },
    { "security.jail.allow_raw_sockets", KP_ALLOW_RAW_SOCKETS, 0 },
    { "security.jail.chflags_allowed", KP_ALLOW_CHFLAGS, 0 },
    { "security.jail.mount_allowed", KP_ALLOW_MOUNT, 0 },
    { "security.jail.socket_unixiproute_only", KP_ALLOW_SOCKET_AF, 1 },
};

static const enum intparam startcommands[] = {
    IP__NULL,
    IP_EXEC_PREPARE,
#ifdef INET
    IP__IP4_IFADDR,
#endif
#ifdef INET6
    IP__IP6_IFADDR,
#endif
    IP_MOUNT,
    IP__MOUNT_FROM_FSTAB,
    IP_MOUNT_DEVFS,
    IP_MOUNT_FDESCFS,
    IP_MOUNT_PROCFS,
    IP_EXEC_PRESTART,
    IP__OP,
    IP_EXEC_CREATED,
    IP_ZFS_DATASET,
    IP_VNET_INTERFACE,
    IP_EXEC_START,
    IP_COMMAND,
    IP_EXEC_POSTSTART,
    IP__NULL
};

static const enum intparam stopcommands[] = {
    IP__NULL,
    IP_EXEC_PRESTOP,
    IP_EXEC_STOP,
    IP_STOP_TIMEOUT,
    IP__OP,
    IP_EXEC_POSTSTOP,
    IP_MOUNT_PROCFS,
    IP_MOUNT_FDESCFS,
    IP_MOUNT_DEVFS,
    IP__MOUNT_FROM_FSTAB,
    IP_MOUNT,
#ifdef INET6
    IP__IP6_IFADDR,
#endif
#ifdef INET
    IP__IP4_IFADDR,
#endif
    IP_EXEC_RELEASE,
    IP__NULL
};

static const enum intparam cleancommands[] = {
    IP__NULL,
    IP_EXEC_POSTSTOP,
    IP_MOUNT_PROCFS,
    IP_MOUNT_FDESCFS,
    IP_MOUNT_DEVFS,
    IP__MOUNT_FROM_FSTAB,
    IP_MOUNT,
#ifdef INET6
    IP__IP6_IFADDR,
#endif
#ifdef INET
    IP__IP4_IFADDR,
#endif
    IP_EXEC_RELEASE,
    IP__NULL
};

static const struct {
        const char *name;
        enum intparam param;
} listparams[] = {
#ifdef INET
        { "ip4.addr", KP_IP4_ADDR },
#endif
#ifdef INET6
        { "ip6.addr", KP_IP6_ADDR },
#endif
        { "vnet.interface", IP_VNET_INTERFACE },
        { "zfs.dataset", IP_ZFS_DATASET },
};

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        struct stat st;
        FILE *jfp;
        struct cfjail *j;
        char *JidFile;
        const char *cfname;
        size_t sysvallen;
        unsigned op, pi;
        int ch, docf, dying_warned, error, i, oldcl, sysval;
        int dflag, eflag, Rflag;
#if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
        char *cs, *ncs;
#endif
#if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
        struct in6_addr addr6;
#endif

        op = 0;
        dflag = eflag = Rflag = 0;
        docf = 1;
        cfname = CONF_FILE;
        JidFile = NULL;

        while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cCde:f:hiJ:lmn:p:qrRs:u:U:v")) != -1) {
                switch (ch) {
                case 'c':
                        op |= JF_START;
                        break;
                case 'C':
                        op |= JF_CLEANUP;
                        break;
                case 'd':
                        dflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 'e':
                        eflag = 1;
                        separator = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        cfname = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'h':
#if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
                        add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_IP_HOSTNAME, NULL);
#endif
                        docf = 0;
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        iflag = 1;
                        verbose = -1;
                        break;
                case 'J':
                        JidFile = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'l':
                        add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_CLEAN, NULL);
                        docf = 0;
                        break;
                case 'm':
                        op |= JF_SET;
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_NAME, optarg);
                        docf = 0;
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        paralimit = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10);
                        if (paralimit == 0)
                                paralimit = -1;
                        break;
                case 'q':
                        verbose = -1;
                        break;
                case 'r':
                        op |= JF_STOP;
                        break;
                case 'R':
                        op |= JF_STOP;
                        Rflag = 1;
                        break;
                case 's':
                        add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_SECURELEVEL, optarg);
                        docf = 0;
                        break;
                case 'u':
                        add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_JAIL_USER, optarg);
                        add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_SYSTEM_JAIL_USER, NULL);
                        docf = 0;
                        break;
                case 'U':
                        add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_JAIL_USER, optarg);
                        add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_EXEC_SYSTEM_JAIL_USER,
                            "false");
                        docf = 0;
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        verbose = 1;
                        break;
                default:
                        usage();
                }
        }
        argc -= optind;
        argv += optind;

        if (eflag) {
                /* Just print list of all configured non-wildcard jails */
                if (op || argc > 0)
                        usage();
                load_config(cfname);
                show_jails();
                exit(0);
        }

        /* Find out which of the command line styles this is. */
        oldcl = 0;
        if (!op) {
                /* Old-style command line with four fixed parameters */
                if (argc < 4 || argv[0][0] != '/')
                        usage();
                op = JF_START;
                docf = 0;
                oldcl = 1;
                add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_PATH, argv[0]);
                add_param(NULL, NULL, KP_HOST_HOSTNAME, argv[1]);
#if defined(INET) || defined(INET6)
                if (argv[2][0] != '\0') {
                        for (cs = argv[2];; cs = ncs + 1) {
                                ncs = strchr(cs, ',');
                                if (ncs)
                                        *ncs = '\0';
                                add_param(NULL, NULL,
#if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
                                    inet_pton(AF_INET6, cs, &addr6) == 1
                                    ? KP_IP6_ADDR : KP_IP4_ADDR,
#elif defined(INET)
                                    KP_IP4_ADDR,
#elif defined(INET6)
                                    KP_IP6_ADDR,
#endif
                                    cs);
                                if (!ncs)
                                        break;
                        }
                }
#endif
                for (i = 3; i < argc; i++)
                        add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_COMMAND, argv[i]);
                /* Emulate the defaults from security.jail.* sysctls. */
                sysvallen = sizeof(sysval);
                if (sysctlbyname("security.jail.jailed", &sysval, &sysvallen,
                    NULL, 0) == 0 && sysval == 0) {
                        for (pi = 0; pi < sizeof(perm_sysctl) /
                             sizeof(perm_sysctl[0]); pi++) {
                                sysvallen = sizeof(sysval);
                                if (sysctlbyname(perm_sysctl[pi].name,
                                    &sysval, &sysvallen, NULL, 0) == 0)
                                        add_param(NULL, NULL,
                                            perm_sysctl[pi].ipnum,
                                            (sysval ? 1 : 0) ^
                                            perm_sysctl[pi].rev
                                            ? NULL : "false");
                        }
                }
        } else if (op == JF_STOP) {
                /* Jail remove, perhaps using the config file */
                if (!docf || argc == 0)
                        usage();
                if (!Rflag)
                        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
                                if (strchr(argv[i], '='))
                                        usage();
                if ((docf = !Rflag &&
                     (!strcmp(cfname, "-") || stat(cfname, &st) == 0)))
                        load_config(cfname);
                note_remove = docf || argc > 1 || wild_jail_name(argv[0]);
        } else if (argc > 1 || (argc == 1 && strchr(argv[0], '='))) {
                /* Single jail specified on the command line */
                if (Rflag || (op & JF_CLEANUP))
                        usage();
                docf = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
                        size_t l;

                        if (!strncmp(argv[i], "command", 7) &&
                            (argv[i][7] == '\0' || argv[i][7] == '=')) {
                                if (argv[i][7]  == '=')
                                        add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_COMMAND,
                                            argv[i] + 8);
                                for (i++; i < argc; i++)
                                        add_param(NULL, NULL, IP_COMMAND,
                                            argv[i]);
                                continue;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Is this parameter a list?
                         */
                        for (l = 0; l < nitems(listparams); l++) {
                                size_t len;

                                len = strlen(listparams[l].name);
                                if (strncmp(argv[i], listparams[l].name, len) ||
                                    argv[i][len] != '=')
                                        continue;

                                for (cs = argv[i] + len + 1;; cs = ncs + 1) {
                                        ncs = strchr(cs, ',');
                                        if (ncs)
                                                *ncs = '\0';
                                        add_param(NULL, NULL,
                                            listparams[l].param, cs);
                                        if (!ncs)
                                                break;
                                }
                                break;
                        }
                        if (l == nitems(listparams))
                                add_param(NULL, NULL, 0, argv[i]);
                }
        } else {
                /* From the config file, perhaps with a specified jail */
                if (Rflag || !docf)
                        usage();
                load_config(cfname);
        }

        /* Find out which jails will be run. */
        dep_setup(docf);
        error = 0;
        if ((op & JF_OP_MASK) == JF_STOP) {
                for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
                        if (start_state(argv[i], docf, op, Rflag) < 0)
                                error = 1;
        } else {
                if (start_state(argv[0], docf, op, 0) < 0)
                        exit(1);
        }

        jfp = NULL;
        if (JidFile != NULL) {
                jfp = fopen(JidFile, "w");
                if (jfp == NULL)
                        err(1, "open %s", JidFile);
                setlinebuf(jfp);
        }
        setlinebuf(stdout);

        /*
         * The main loop: Get an available jail and perform the required
         * operation on it.  When that is done, the jail may be finished,
         * or it may go back for the next step.
         */
        dying_warned = 0;
        while ((j = next_jail()))
        {
                if (j->flags & JF_FAILED) {
                        error = 1;
                        if (j->comparam == NULL) {
                                dep_done(j, 0);
                                continue;
                        }
                }
                if (!(j->flags & JF_PARAMS))
                {
                        j->flags |= JF_PARAMS;
                        if (dflag)
                                add_param(j, NULL, IP_ALLOW_DYING, NULL);
                        if (check_intparams(j) < 0)
                                continue;
                        if ((j->flags & (JF_START | JF_SET)) &&
                            import_params(j) < 0)
                                continue;
                }
                if (j->intparams[IP_ALLOW_DYING] && !dying_warned) {
                        warnx("%s", "the 'allow.dying' parameter and '-d' flag "
                            "are deprecated and have no effect.");
                        dying_warned = 1;
                }
                if (!j->jid)
                        running_jid(j);
                if (finish_command(j))
                        continue;

                switch (j->flags & JF_OP_MASK) {
                        /*
                         * These operations just turn into a different op
                         * depending on the jail's current status.
                         */
                case JF_START_SET:
                        j->flags = j->jid < 0
                            ? (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) | JF_START : JF_SET;
                        break;
                case JF_SET_RESTART:
                        if (j->jid < 0 && !(j->flags & JF_CLEANUP)) {
                                jail_quoted_warnx(j, "not found",
                                    "no jail specified");
                                failed(j);
                                continue;
                        }
                        j->flags = rdtun_params(j, 0)
                            ? (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) | JF_RESTART : JF_SET;
                        if (j->flags == JF_RESTART)
                                dep_reset(j);
                        break;
                case JF_START_SET_RESTART:
                        j->flags = j->jid < 0 ? JF_START : rdtun_params(j, 0)
                            ? (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) | JF_RESTART : JF_SET;
                        if (j->flags == JF_RESTART)
                                dep_reset(j);
                }

                switch (j->flags & JF_OP_MASK) {
                case JF_START:
                        if (j->comparam == NULL) {
                                if (j->jid > 0 &&
                                    !(j->flags & (JF_DEPEND | JF_WILD))) {
                                        jail_quoted_warnx(j, "already exists",
                                            NULL);
                                        failed(j);
                                        continue;
                                }
                                if (dep_check(j))
                                        continue;
                                if (j->jid > 0)
                                        goto jail_create_done;
                                if (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) {
                                        j->flags |= JF_STOP;
                                        j->comparam = cleancommands;
                                } else
                                        j->comparam = startcommands;
                                j->comparam = startcommands;
                                j->comstring = NULL;
                        }
                        if (next_command(j))
                                continue;
                        if (j->flags & JF_STOP)
                                goto jail_remove_done;
                jail_create_done:
                        clear_persist(j);
                        if (jfp != NULL)
                                print_jail(jfp, j, oldcl, 1);
                        dep_done(j, 0);
                        break;

                case JF_SET:
                        if (j->jid < 0 && !(j->flags & JF_DEPEND)) {
                                jail_quoted_warnx(j, "not found",
                                    "no jail specified");
                                failed(j);
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (dep_check(j))
                                continue;
                        if (!(j->flags & JF_DEPEND)) {
                                if (rdtun_params(j, 1) < 0 ||
                                    update_jail(j) < 0)
                                        continue;
                                if (verbose >= 0 && (j->name || verbose > 0))
                                        jail_note(j, "updated\n");
                        }
                        dep_done(j, 0);
                        break;

                case JF_STOP:
                case JF_RESTART:
                        if (j->comparam == NULL) {
                                if (dep_check(j))
                                        continue;
                                if (j->flags & JF_CLEANUP) {
                                        j->comparam = j->jid < 0
                                            ? cleancommands : stopcommands;
                                } else if (j->jid < 0) {
                                        if (!(j->flags & (JF_DEPEND|JF_WILD))) {
                                                if (verbose >= 0)
                                                        jail_quoted_warnx(j,
                                                            "not found", NULL);
                                                failed(j);
                                        }
                                        goto jail_remove_done;
                                }
                                else
                                        j->comparam = stopcommands;
                                j->comstring = NULL;
                        } else if ((j->flags & JF_FAILED) && j->jid > 0)
                                goto jail_remove_done;
                        if (next_command(j))
                                continue;
                jail_remove_done:
                        dep_done(j, 0);
                        if ((j->flags & (JF_START | JF_FAILED)) == JF_START) {
                                j->comparam = NULL;
                                j->flags &= ~(JF_STOP | JF_CLEANUP);
                                dep_reset(j);
                                requeue(j, j->ndeps ? &depend : &ready);
                        }
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (jfp != NULL)
                fclose(jfp);
        exit(error);
}

/*
 * Mark a jail's failure for future handling.
 */
void
failed(struct cfjail *j)
{
        j->flags |= JF_FAILED;
        TAILQ_REMOVE(j->queue, j, tq);
        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&ready, j, tq);
        j->queue = &ready;
}

/*
 * Exit slightly more gracefully when out of memory.
 */
void *
emalloc(size_t size)
{
        void *p;

        p = malloc(size);
        if (!p)
                err(1, "malloc");
        return p;
}

void *
erealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
        void *p;

        p = realloc(ptr, size);
        if (!p)
                err(1, "malloc");
        return p;
}

char *
estrdup(const char *str)
{
        char *ns;

        ns = strdup(str);
        if (!ns)
                err(1, "malloc");
        return ns;
}

/*
 * Print a message including an optional jail name.
 */
void
jail_note(const struct cfjail *j, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap, tap;
        char *cs;
        size_t len;

        va_start(ap, fmt);
        va_copy(tap, ap);
        len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, tap);
        va_end(tap);
        cs = alloca(len + 1);
        (void)vsnprintf(cs, len + 1, fmt, ap);
        va_end(ap);
        if (j->name)
                printf("%s: %s", j->name, cs);
        else
                printf("%s", cs);
}

/*
 * Print a warning message including an optional jail name.
 */
void
jail_warnx(const struct cfjail *j, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap, tap;
        char *cs;
        size_t len;

        va_start(ap, fmt);
        va_copy(tap, ap);
        len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, tap);
        va_end(tap);
        cs = alloca(len + 1);
        (void)vsnprintf(cs, len + 1, fmt, ap);
        va_end(ap);
        if (j->name)
                warnx("%s: %s", j->name, cs);
        else
                warnx("%s", cs);
}

/*
 * Create a new jail.
 */
int
create_jail(struct cfjail *j)
{
        struct stat st;
        struct jailparam *jp, *setparams, *sjp;
        const char *path;
        int dopersist, ns;

        /*
         * Check the jail's path, with a better error message than jail_set
         * gives.
         */
        if ((path = string_param(j->intparams[KP_PATH]))) {
                if (j->name != NULL && path[0] != '/') {
                        jail_warnx(j, "path %s: not an absolute pathname",
                            path);
                        return -1;
                }
                if (stat(path, &st) < 0) {
                        jail_warnx(j, "path %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
                        return -1;
                }
                if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
                        jail_warnx(j, "path %s: %s", path, strerror(ENOTDIR));
                        return -1;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Copy all the parameters, except that "persist" is always set when
         * there are commands to run later.
         */
        dopersist = !bool_param(j->intparams[KP_PERSIST]) &&
            (j->intparams[IP_EXEC_START] || j->intparams[IP_COMMAND] ||
             j->intparams[IP_EXEC_POSTSTART]);
        sjp = setparams =
            alloca((j->njp + dopersist) * sizeof(struct jailparam));
        if (dopersist && jailparam_init(sjp++, "persist") < 0) {
                jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
                return -1;
        }
        for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
                if (!dopersist || !equalopts(jp->jp_name, "persist"))
                        *sjp++ = *jp;
        ns = sjp - setparams;

        j->jid = jailparam_set_note(j, setparams, ns, JAIL_CREATE);
        if (j->jid < 0) {
                jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
                failed(j);
        }
        if (dopersist) {
                jailparam_free(setparams, 1);
                if (j->jid > 0)
                        j->flags |= JF_PERSIST;
        }
        return j->jid;
}

/*
 * Remove a temporarily set "persist" parameter.
 */
static void
clear_persist(struct cfjail *j)
{
        struct iovec jiov[4];
        int jid;

        if (!(j->flags & JF_PERSIST))
                return;
        j->flags &= ~JF_PERSIST;
        jiov[0].iov_base = __DECONST(char *, "jid");
        jiov[0].iov_len = sizeof("jid");
        jiov[1].iov_base = &j->jid;
        jiov[1].iov_len = sizeof(j->jid);
        jiov[2].iov_base = __DECONST(char *, "nopersist");
        jiov[2].iov_len = sizeof("nopersist");
        jiov[3].iov_base = NULL;
        jiov[3].iov_len = 0;
        jid = jail_set(jiov, 4, JAIL_UPDATE);
        if (verbose > 0)
                jail_note(j, "jail_set(JAIL_UPDATE) jid=%d nopersist%s%s\n",
                    j->jid, jid < 0 ? ": " : "",
                    jid < 0 ? strerror(errno) : "");
}

/*
 * Set a jail's parameters.
 */
static int
update_jail(struct cfjail *j)
{
        struct jailparam *jp, *setparams, *sjp;
        int ns, jid;

        ns = 0;
        for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
                if (!JP_RDTUN(jp))
                        ns++;
        if (ns == 0)
                return 0;
        sjp = setparams = alloca(++ns * sizeof(struct jailparam));
        if (jailparam_init(sjp, "jid") < 0 ||
            jailparam_import_raw(sjp, &j->jid, sizeof j->jid) < 0) {
                jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
                failed(j);
                return -1;
        }
        for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
                if (!JP_RDTUN(jp))
                        *++sjp = *jp;

        jid = jailparam_set_note(j, setparams, ns, JAIL_UPDATE);
        if (jid < 0) {
                jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
                failed(j);
        }
        jailparam_free(setparams, 1);
        return jid;
}

/*
 * Return if a jail set would change any create-only parameters.
 */
static int
rdtun_params(struct cfjail *j, int dofail)
{
        struct jailparam *jp, *rtparams, *rtjp;
        const void *jp_value;
        size_t jp_valuelen;
        int nrt, rval, bool_true;

        if (j->flags & JF_RDTUN)
                return 0;
        j->flags |= JF_RDTUN;
        nrt = 0;
        for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
                if (JP_RDTUN(jp) && strcmp(jp->jp_name, "jid"))
                        nrt++;
        if (nrt == 0)
                return 0;
        rtjp = rtparams = alloca(++nrt * sizeof(struct jailparam));
        if (jailparam_init(rtjp, "jid") < 0 ||
            jailparam_import_raw(rtjp, &j->jid, sizeof j->jid) < 0) {
                jail_warnx(j, "%s", jail_errmsg);
                exit(1);
        }
        for (jp = j->jp; jp < j->jp + j->njp; jp++)
                if (JP_RDTUN(jp) && strcmp(jp->jp_name, "jid")) {
                        *++rtjp = *jp;
                        rtjp->jp_value = NULL;
                }
        rval = 0;
        if (jailparam_get(rtparams, nrt, 0) > 0) {
                rtjp = rtparams + 1;
                for (jp = j->jp; rtjp < rtparams + nrt; jp++) {
                        if (JP_RDTUN(jp) && strcmp(jp->jp_name, "jid")) {
                                jp_value = jp->jp_value;
                                jp_valuelen = jp->jp_valuelen;
                                if (jp_value == NULL && jp_valuelen > 0) {
                                        if (jp->jp_flags & (JP_BOOL |
                                            JP_NOBOOL | JP_JAILSYS)) {
                                                bool_true = 1;
                                                jp_value = &bool_true;
                                                jp_valuelen = sizeof(bool_true);
                                        } else if ((jp->jp_ctltype & CTLTYPE) ==
                                            CTLTYPE_STRING)
                                                jp_value = "";
                                        else
                                                jp_valuelen = 0;
                                }
                                if (rtjp->jp_valuelen != jp_valuelen ||
                                    (CTLTYPE_STRING ? strncmp(rtjp->jp_value,
                                    jp_value, jp_valuelen)
                                    : memcmp(rtjp->jp_value, jp_value,
                                    jp_valuelen))) {
                                        if (dofail) {
                                                jail_warnx(j, "%s cannot be "
                                                    "changed after creation",
                                                    jp->jp_name);
                                                failed(j);
                                                rval = -1;
                                        } else
                                                rval = 1;
                                        break;
                                }
                                rtjp++;
                        }
                }
        }
        for (rtjp = rtparams + 1; rtjp < rtparams + nrt; rtjp++)
                rtjp->jp_name = NULL;
        jailparam_free(rtparams, nrt);
        return rval;
}

/*
 * Get the jail's jid if it is running.
 */
static void
running_jid(struct cfjail *j)
{
        struct iovec jiov[2];
        const char *pval;
        char *ep;
        int jid;

        if ((pval = string_param(j->intparams[KP_JID]))) {
                if (!(jid = strtol(pval, &ep, 10)) || *ep) {
                        j->jid = -1;
                        return;
                }
                jiov[0].iov_base = __DECONST(char *, "jid");
                jiov[0].iov_len = sizeof("jid");
                jiov[1].iov_base = &jid;
                jiov[1].iov_len = sizeof(jid);
        } else if ((pval = string_param(j->intparams[KP_NAME]))) {
                jiov[0].iov_base = __DECONST(char *, "name");
                jiov[0].iov_len = sizeof("name");
                jiov[1].iov_len = strlen(pval) + 1;
                jiov[1].iov_base = alloca(jiov[1].iov_len);
                strcpy(jiov[1].iov_base, pval);
        } else {
                j->jid = -1;
                return;
        }

        j->jid = jail_get(jiov, 2, 0);
        if (j->jid > 0 && j->intparams[KP_JID] == NULL) {
                char jidstr[16];

                (void)snprintf(jidstr, sizeof(jidstr), "%d", j->jid);
                add_param(j, NULL, KP_JID, jidstr);
        }
}

static void
jail_quoted_warnx(const struct cfjail *j, const char *name_msg,
    const char *noname_msg)
{
        const char *pval;

        if ((pval = j->name) || (pval = string_param(j->intparams[KP_JID])) ||
            (pval = string_param(j->intparams[KP_NAME])))
                warnx("\"%s\" %s", pval, name_msg);
        else
                warnx("%s", noname_msg);
}

/*
 * Set jail parameters and possibly print them out.
 */
static int
jailparam_set_note(const struct cfjail *j, struct jailparam *jp, unsigned njp,
    int flags)
{
        char *value;
        int jid;
        unsigned i;

        jid = jailparam_set(jp, njp, flags);
        if (verbose > 0) {
                jail_note(j, "jail_set(%s)",
                    (flags & (JAIL_CREATE | JAIL_UPDATE)) == JAIL_CREATE
                    ? "JAIL_CREATE" : "JAIL_UPDATE");
                for (i = 0; i < njp; i++) {
                        printf(" %s", jp[i].jp_name);
                        if (jp[i].jp_value == NULL)
                                continue;
                        putchar('=');
                        value = jailparam_export(jp + i);
                        if (value == NULL)
                                err(1, "jailparam_export");
                        quoted_print(stdout, value);
                        free(value);
                }
                if (jid < 0)
                        printf(": %s", strerror(errno));
                printf("\n");
        }
        return jid;
}

/*
 * Print a jail record.
 */
static void
print_jail(FILE *fp, struct cfjail *j, int oldcl, int running)
{
        struct cfparam *p;
        int printsep;

        if (oldcl) {
                if (running)
                        fprintf(fp, "%d%s", j->jid, separator);
                print_param(fp, j->intparams[KP_PATH], ',', 0);
                fputs(separator, fp);
                print_param(fp, j->intparams[KP_HOST_HOSTNAME], ',', 0);
                fputs(separator, fp);
#ifdef INET
                print_param(fp, j->intparams[KP_IP4_ADDR], ',', 0);
#ifdef INET6
                if (j->intparams[KP_IP4_ADDR] &&
                    !TAILQ_EMPTY(&j->intparams[KP_IP4_ADDR]->val) &&
                    j->intparams[KP_IP6_ADDR] &&
                    !TAILQ_EMPTY(&j->intparams[KP_IP6_ADDR]->val))
                    putc(',', fp);
#endif
#endif
#ifdef INET6
                print_param(fp, j->intparams[KP_IP6_ADDR], ',', 0);
#endif
                fputs(separator, fp);
                print_param(fp, j->intparams[IP_COMMAND], ' ', 0);
        } else {
                printsep = 0;
                if (running) {
                        fprintf(fp, "jid=%d", j->jid);
                        printsep = 1;
                }
                TAILQ_FOREACH(p, &j->params, tq)
                        if (strcmp(p->name, "jid")) {
                                if (printsep)
                                        fputs(separator, fp);
                                else
                                        printsep = 1;
                                print_param(fp, p, ',', 1);
                        }
        }
        putc('\n', fp);
}

/*
 * Exhibit list of all configured non-wildcard jails
 */
static void
show_jails(void)
{
        struct cfjail *j;
        
        TAILQ_FOREACH(j, &cfjails, tq)
                print_jail(stdout, j, 0, 0);
}

/*
 * Print a parameter value, or a name=value pair.
 */
static void
print_param(FILE *fp, const struct cfparam *p, int sep, int doname)
{
        const struct cfstring *s, *ts;

        if (doname)
                fputs(p->name, fp);
        if (p == NULL || TAILQ_EMPTY(&p->val))
                return;
        if (doname)
                putc('=', fp);
        TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(s, &p->val, tq, ts) {
                quoted_print(fp, s->s);
                if (ts != NULL)
                        putc(sep, fp);
        }
}

/*
 * Print a string with quotes around spaces.
 */
static void
quoted_print(FILE *fp, char *str)
{
        int c, qc;
        char *p = str;

        qc = !*p ? '"'
            : strchr(p, '\'') ? '"'
            : strchr(p, '"') ? '\''
            : strchr(p, ' ') || strchr(p, '\t') ? '"'
            : 0;
        if (qc)
                putc(qc, fp);
        while ((c = *p++)) {
                if (c == '\\' || c == qc)
                        putc('\\', fp);
                putc(c, fp);
        }
        if (qc)
                putc(qc, fp);
}

static void
usage(void)
{

        (void)fprintf(stderr,
            "usage: jail [-dhilqv] [-J jid_file] [-u username] [-U username]\n"
            "            -[cmr] param=value ... [command=command ...]\n"
            "       jail [-dqv] [-f file] -[cmr] [jail]\n"
            "       jail [-qv] [-f file] -[rR] ['*' | jail ...]\n"
            "       jail [-dhilqv] [-J jid_file] [-u username] [-U username]\n"
            "            [-n jailname] [-s securelevel]\n"
            "            path hostname ip[,...] command ...\n"
            "       jail [-f file] -e separator\n");
        exit(1);
}