/*-
 *  modified for EXT2FS support in Lites 1.1
 *
 *  Aug 1995, Godmar Back (gback@cs.utah.edu)
 *  University of Utah, Department of Computer Science
 */
/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *      @(#)ufs_vnops.c 8.7 (Berkeley) 2/3/94
 *      @(#)ufs_vnops.c 8.27 (Berkeley) 5/27/95
 * $FreeBSD$
 */

#include "opt_suiddir.h"

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <sys/filio.h>
#include <sys/limits.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/bio.h>
#include <sys/buf2.h>
#include <sys/endian.h>
#include <sys/caps.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/namei.h>
#include <sys/lockf.h>
#include <sys/event.h>
#include <sys/conf.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
#include <sys/vfsops.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/jail.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>
#include <vm/vm_object.h>
#include <vm/vm_page2.h>
#include <vm/vm_pager.h>
#include <vm/vnode_pager.h>

#include <vfs/ufs/dir.h>
#include <vfs/fifofs/fifo.h>

#include <vfs/ext2fs/fs.h>
#include <vfs/ext2fs/inode.h>
#include <vfs/ext2fs/ext2fs.h>
#include <vfs/ext2fs/ext2_extern.h>
#include <vfs/ext2fs/ext2_dinode.h>
#include <vfs/ext2fs/ext2_dir.h>
#include <vfs/ext2fs/ext2_mount.h>
#include <vfs/ext2fs/ext2_extents.h>

SDT_PROVIDER_DECLARE(ext2fs);
/*
 * ext2fs trace probe:
 * arg0: verbosity. Higher numbers give more verbose messages
 * arg1: Textual message
 */
SDT_PROBE_DEFINE2(ext2fs, , vnops, trace, "int", "char*");

static int ext2_makeinode(int mode, struct vnode *, struct vnode **, struct componentname *);

static int ext2_chmod(struct vnode *, int, struct ucred *, struct thread *);
static int ext2_chown(struct vnode *, uid_t, gid_t, struct ucred *,
    struct thread *);

/*
 * A virgin directory (no blushing please).
 * Note that the type and namlen fields are reversed relative to ext2.
 * Also, we don't use `struct odirtemplate', since it would just cause
 * endianness problems.
 */
static struct dirtemplate mastertemplate = {
        0, htole16(12), 1, EXT2_FT_DIR, ".",
        0, htole16(DIRBLKSIZ - 12), 2, EXT2_FT_DIR, ".."
};
static struct dirtemplate omastertemplate = {
        0, htole16(12), 1, EXT2_FT_UNKNOWN, ".",
        0, htole16(DIRBLKSIZ - 12), 2, EXT2_FT_UNKNOWN, ".."
};

void
ext2_itimes(struct vnode *vp)
{
        struct inode *ip;
        struct timespec ts;

        ip = VTOI(vp);
        if ((ip->i_flag & (IN_ACCESS | IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE)) == 0)
                return;
        if ((vp->v_type == VBLK || vp->v_type == VCHR))
                ip->i_flag |= IN_LAZYMOD;
        else
                ip->i_flag |= IN_MODIFIED;
        if ((vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY) == 0) {
                vfs_timestamp(&ts);
                if (ip->i_flag & IN_ACCESS) {
                        ip->i_atime = ts.tv_sec;
                        ip->i_atimensec = ts.tv_nsec;
                }
                if (ip->i_flag & IN_UPDATE) {
                        ip->i_mtime = ts.tv_sec;
                        ip->i_mtimensec = ts.tv_nsec;
                        ip->i_modrev++;
                }
                if (ip->i_flag & IN_CHANGE) {
                        ip->i_ctime = ts.tv_sec;
                        ip->i_ctimensec = ts.tv_nsec;
                }
        }
        ip->i_flag &= ~(IN_ACCESS | IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE);
}

/*
 * Create a regular file
 */
static int
ext2_create(struct vop_old_create_args *ap)
{
        int error;

        error =
            ext2_makeinode(MAKEIMODE(ap->a_vap->va_type, ap->a_vap->va_mode),
            ap->a_dvp, ap->a_vpp, ap->a_cnp);
        if (error != 0)
                return (error);
        return (0);
}

static int
ext2_open(struct vop_open_args *ap)
{

        if (ap->a_vp->v_type == VBLK || ap->a_vp->v_type == VCHR)
                return (EOPNOTSUPP);

        /*
         * Files marked append-only must be opened for appending.
         */
        if ((VTOI(ap->a_vp)->i_flags & APPEND) &&
            (ap->a_mode & (FWRITE | O_APPEND)) == FWRITE)
                return (EPERM);

        return (vop_stdopen(ap));
}

/*
 * Close called.
 *
 * Update the times on the inode.
 */
static int
ext2_close(struct vop_close_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;

        if (VREFCNT(vp) > 1)
                ext2_itimes(vp);
        return (vop_stdclose(ap));
}

static int
ext2_access(struct vop_access_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct inode *ip = VTOI(vp);
        int error;

        if (vp->v_type == VBLK || vp->v_type == VCHR)
                return (EOPNOTSUPP);

        error = vop_helper_access(ap, ip->i_uid, ip->i_gid, ip->i_mode,
            ip->i_flags);
        return (error);
}

static int
ext2_getattr(struct vop_getattr_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct inode *ip = VTOI(vp);
        struct vattr *vap = ap->a_vap;

        ext2_itimes(vp);
        /*
         * Copy from inode table
         */
        vap->va_fsid = devid_from_dev(ip->i_dev);
        vap->va_fileid = ip->i_number;
        vap->va_mode = ip->i_mode & ~IFMT;
        vap->va_nlink = ip->i_nlink;
        vap->va_uid = ip->i_uid;
        vap->va_gid = ip->i_gid;
        vap->va_size = ip->i_size;
        vap->va_atime.tv_sec = ip->i_atime;
        vap->va_atime.tv_nsec = E2DI_HAS_XTIME(ip) ? ip->i_atimensec : 0;
        vap->va_mtime.tv_sec = ip->i_mtime;
        vap->va_mtime.tv_nsec = E2DI_HAS_XTIME(ip) ? ip->i_mtimensec : 0;
        vap->va_ctime.tv_sec = ip->i_ctime;
        vap->va_ctime.tv_nsec = E2DI_HAS_XTIME(ip) ? ip->i_ctimensec : 0;
        vap->va_flags = ip->i_flags;
        vap->va_gen = ip->i_gen;
        vap->va_blocksize = vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
        vap->va_bytes = dbtob((u_quad_t)ip->i_blocks);
        vap->va_type = IFTOVT(ip->i_mode);
        vap->va_filerev = ip->i_modrev;
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Set attribute vnode op. called from several syscalls
 */
static int
ext2_setattr(struct vop_setattr_args *ap)
{
        struct vattr *vap = ap->a_vap;
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct inode *ip = VTOI(vp);
        struct ucred *cred = ap->a_cred;
        struct thread *td = curthread;
        int error;

        /*
         * Check for unsettable attributes.
         */
        if ((vap->va_type != VNON) || (vap->va_nlink != VNOVAL) ||
            (vap->va_fsid != VNOVAL) || (vap->va_fileid != VNOVAL) ||
            (vap->va_blocksize != VNOVAL) || (vap->va_rmajor != VNOVAL) ||
            ((int)vap->va_bytes != VNOVAL) || (vap->va_gen != VNOVAL)) {
                return (EINVAL);
        }
        if (vap->va_flags != VNOVAL) {
                /* Disallow flags not supported by ext2fs. */
                if (vap->va_flags & ~(SF_APPEND | SF_IMMUTABLE | UF_NODUMP))
                        return (EOPNOTSUPP);

                if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY)
                        return (EROFS);
                if (cred->cr_uid != ip->i_uid &&
                    (error = caps_priv_check(cred, SYSCAP_NOVFS_SETATTR)))
                {
                        return (error);
                }

                /*
                 * Note that a root chflags becomes a user chflags when
                 * we are jailed, unless the jail vfs_chflags sysctl
                 * is set.
                 */
                if (cred->cr_uid == 0 &&
                    (!jailed(cred) || PRISON_CAP_ISSET(cred->cr_prison->pr_caps,
                    PRISON_CAP_VFS_CHFLAGS))) {
                        if ((ip->i_flags
                            & (SF_NOUNLINK | SF_IMMUTABLE | SF_APPEND)) &&
                            securelevel > 0)
                                return (EPERM);
                        ip->i_flags = vap->va_flags;
                } else {
                        if (ip->i_flags
                            & (SF_NOUNLINK | SF_IMMUTABLE | SF_APPEND) ||
                            (vap->va_flags & UF_SETTABLE) != vap->va_flags)
                                return (EPERM);
                        ip->i_flags &= SF_SETTABLE;
                        ip->i_flags |= (vap->va_flags & UF_SETTABLE);
                }
                ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                if (vap->va_flags & (IMMUTABLE | APPEND))
                        return (0);
        }
        if (ip->i_flags & (IMMUTABLE | APPEND))
                return (EPERM);
        /*
         * Go through the fields and update iff not VNOVAL.
         */
        if (vap->va_uid != (uid_t)VNOVAL || vap->va_gid != (gid_t)VNOVAL) {
                if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY)
                        return (EROFS);
                if ((error = ext2_chown(vp, vap->va_uid, vap->va_gid, cred,
                    td)) != 0)
                        return (error);
        }
        if (vap->va_size != VNOVAL) {
                /*
                 * Disallow write attempts on read-only file systems;
                 * unless the file is a socket, fifo, or a block or
                 * character device resident on the file system.
                 */
                switch (vp->v_type) {
                case VDIR:
                        return (EISDIR);
                case VLNK:
                case VREG:
                        if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY)
                                return (EROFS);
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
                }
                if ((error = ext2_truncate(vp, vap->va_size, 0, cred)) != 0)
                        return (error);
        }
        if (vap->va_atime.tv_sec != VNOVAL || vap->va_mtime.tv_sec != VNOVAL) {
                if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY)
                        return (EROFS);
                if (cred->cr_uid != ip->i_uid &&
                    (error = caps_priv_check(cred, SYSCAP_NOVFS_SETATTR)) &&
                    ((vap->va_vaflags & VA_UTIMES_NULL) == 0 ||
                    (error = VOP_EACCESS(vp, VWRITE, cred))))
                {
                        return (error);
                }
                ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE | IN_MODIFIED;
                if (vap->va_atime.tv_sec != VNOVAL) {
                        ip->i_flag &= ~IN_ACCESS;
                        ip->i_atime = vap->va_atime.tv_sec;
                        ip->i_atimensec = vap->va_atime.tv_nsec;
                }
                if (vap->va_mtime.tv_sec != VNOVAL) {
                        ip->i_flag &= ~IN_UPDATE;
                        ip->i_mtime = vap->va_mtime.tv_sec;
                        ip->i_mtimensec = vap->va_mtime.tv_nsec;
                }
                error = ext2_update(vp, 0);
                if (error)
                        return (error);
        }
        error = 0;
        if (vap->va_mode != (mode_t)VNOVAL) {
                if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_RDONLY)
                        return (EROFS);
                error = ext2_chmod(vp, (int)vap->va_mode, cred, td);
        }
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Change the mode on a file.
 * Inode must be locked before calling.
 */
static int
ext2_chmod(struct vnode *vp, int mode, struct ucred *cred, struct thread *td)
{
        struct inode *ip = VTOI(vp);
        int error;

        if (cred->cr_uid != ip->i_uid) {
                error = caps_priv_check(cred, SYSCAP_NOVFS_CHMOD);
                if (error)
                        return (error);
        }
        if (cred->cr_uid) {
                if (vp->v_type != VDIR && (mode & S_ISTXT))
                        return (EFTYPE);
                if (!groupmember(ip->i_gid, cred) && (mode & ISGID))
                        return (EPERM);
        }
        ip->i_mode &= ~ALLPERMS;
        ip->i_mode |= (mode & ALLPERMS);
        ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Perform chown operation on inode ip;
 * inode must be locked prior to call.
 */
static int
ext2_chown(struct vnode *vp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, struct ucred *cred,
    struct thread *td)
{
        struct inode *ip = VTOI(vp);
        uid_t ouid;
        gid_t ogid;
        int error = 0;

        if (uid == (uid_t)VNOVAL)
                uid = ip->i_uid;
        if (gid == (gid_t)VNOVAL)
                gid = ip->i_gid;
        /*
         * If we don't own the file, are trying to change the owner
         * of the file, or are not a member of the target group,
         * the caller must be superuser or the call fails.
         */
        if ((cred->cr_uid != ip->i_uid || uid != ip->i_uid ||
            (gid != ip->i_gid && !(cred->cr_gid == gid ||
            groupmember(gid, cred)))) &&
            (error = caps_priv_check(cred, SYSCAP_NOVFS_CHOWN)))
        {
                return (error);
        }

        ogid = ip->i_gid;
        ouid = ip->i_uid;
        ip->i_gid = gid;
        ip->i_uid = uid;
        ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        if ((ip->i_mode & (ISUID | ISGID)) && (ouid != uid || ogid != gid)) {
                if (caps_priv_check(cred, SYSCAP_NOVFS_RETAINSUGID) != 0)
                        ip->i_mode &= ~(ISUID | ISGID);
        }
        return (0);
}

struct ext2_fsync_bp_info {
        struct vnode *vp;
        int waitfor;
};

static int
ext2_fsync_bp(struct buf *bp, void *data)
{
        struct ext2_fsync_bp_info *info = data;

        if (BUF_LOCK(bp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_NOWAIT))
                return (0);
        if ((bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) == 0)
                panic("ext2_fsync: not dirty");
        bremfree(bp);

        /*
         * Wait for I/O associated with indirect blocks to complete,
         * since there is no way to quickly wait for them below.
         */
        if (bp->b_vp == info->vp || (info->waitfor & MNT_NOWAIT))
                bawrite(bp);
        else
                bwrite(bp);
        return (1);
}

/*
 * Synch an open file.
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
ext2_fsync(struct vop_fsync_args *ap)
{
        struct ext2_fsync_bp_info info;
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        int count;

        /*
         * XXX why is all this fs specific?
         */

        /*
         * Flush all dirty buffers associated with a vnode.
         */
        lwkt_gettoken(&vp->v_token);
        info.vp = vp;
loop:
        info.waitfor = ap->a_waitfor;
        count = RB_SCAN(buf_rb_tree, &vp->v_rbdirty_tree, NULL,
                        ext2_fsync_bp, &info);
        if (count)
                goto loop;

        if (ap->a_waitfor == MNT_WAIT) {
                bio_track_wait(&vp->v_track_write, 0, 0);
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
                if (!RB_EMPTY(&vp->v_rbdirty_tree)) {
                        vprint("ext2_fsync: dirty", vp);
                        goto loop;
                }
#endif
        }
        lwkt_reltoken(&vp->v_token);

        return (ext2_update(ap->a_vp, ap->a_waitfor == MNT_WAIT));
}

/*
 * Mknod vnode call
 */
/* ARGSUSED */
static int
ext2_mknod(struct vop_old_mknod_args *ap)
{
        struct vattr *vap = ap->a_vap;
        struct vnode **vpp = ap->a_vpp;
        struct inode *ip;
        ino_t ino;
        int error;

        if (vap->va_rmajor != VNOVAL &&
            makeudev(vap->va_rmajor, vap->va_rminor) == NOUDEV) {
                return (EINVAL);
        }

        error = ext2_makeinode(MAKEIMODE(vap->va_type, vap->va_mode),
            ap->a_dvp, vpp, ap->a_cnp);
        if (error)
                return (error);
        ip = VTOI(*vpp);
        ip->i_flag |= IN_ACCESS | IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE;
        if (vap->va_rmajor != VNOVAL) {
                /*
                 * Want to be able to use this to make badblock
                 * inodes, so don't truncate the dev number.
                 */
                ip->i_rdev = makeudev(vap->va_rmajor, vap->va_rminor);
        }
        /*
         * Remove inode, then reload it through VFS_VGET so it is
         * checked to see if it is an alias of an existing entry in
         * the inode cache.      XXX I don't believe this is necessary now.
         */
        (*vpp)->v_type = VNON;
        ino = ip->i_number;     /* Save this before vgone() invalidates ip. */
        vgone_vxlocked(*vpp);
        vput(*vpp);
        error = VFS_VGET(ap->a_dvp->v_mount, NULL, ino, vpp);
        if (error) {
                *vpp = NULL;
                return (error);
        }
        return (0);
}

static int
ext2_remove(struct vop_old_remove_args *ap)
{
        struct inode *ip;
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct vnode *dvp = ap->a_dvp;
        int error;

        ip = VTOI(vp);
        if ((ip->i_flags & (NOUNLINK | IMMUTABLE | APPEND)) ||
            (VTOI(dvp)->i_flags & APPEND)) {
                error = EPERM;
                goto out;
        }
        error = ext2_dirremove(dvp, ap->a_cnp);
        if (error == 0) {
                ip->i_nlink--;
                ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        }
out:
        return (error);
}

/*
 * link vnode call
 */
static int
ext2_link(struct vop_old_link_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct vnode *tdvp = ap->a_tdvp;
        struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
        struct inode *ip;
        int error;

        if (tdvp->v_mount != vp->v_mount) {
                error = EXDEV;
                goto out2;
        }
        if (tdvp != vp) {
                error = vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_FAILRECLAIM);
                if (error)
                        goto out2;
        }
        ip = VTOI(vp);
        if ((nlink_t)ip->i_nlink >= EXT4_LINK_MAX) {
                error = EMLINK;
                goto out;
        }
        if (ip->i_flags & (IMMUTABLE | APPEND)) {
                error = EPERM;
                goto out;
        }
        ip->i_nlink++;
        ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        error = ext2_update(vp, !DOINGASYNC(vp));
        if (!error)
                error = ext2_direnter(ip, tdvp, cnp);
        if (error) {
                ip->i_nlink--;
                ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        }
out:
        if (tdvp != vp)
                vn_unlock(vp);
out2:
        return (error);
}

static int
ext2_inc_nlink(struct inode *ip)
{

        ip->i_nlink++;

        if (S_ISDIR(ip->i_mode) &&
            EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(ip->i_e2fs, EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_DIR_NLINK) &&
            ip->i_nlink > 1) {
                if (ip->i_nlink >= EXT4_LINK_MAX || ip->i_nlink == 2)
                        ip->i_nlink = 1;
        } else if (ip->i_nlink > EXT4_LINK_MAX) {
                ip->i_nlink--;
                return (EMLINK);
        }

        return (0);
}

static void
ext2_dec_nlink(struct inode *ip)
{

        if (!S_ISDIR(ip->i_mode) || ip->i_nlink > 2)
                ip->i_nlink--;
}

/*
 * Rename system call.
 *      rename("foo", "bar");
 * is essentially
 *      unlink("bar");
 *      link("foo", "bar");
 *      unlink("foo");
 * but ``atomically''.  Can't do full commit without saving state in the
 * inode on disk which isn't feasible at this time.  Best we can do is
 * always guarantee the target exists.
 *
 * Basic algorithm is:
 *
 * 1) Bump link count on source while we're linking it to the
 *    target.  This also ensure the inode won't be deleted out
 *    from underneath us while we work (it may be truncated by
 *    a concurrent `trunc' or `open' for creation).
 * 2) Link source to destination.  If destination already exists,
 *    delete it first.
 * 3) Unlink source reference to inode if still around. If a
 *    directory was moved and the parent of the destination
 *    is different from the source, patch the ".." entry in the
 *    directory.
 */
static int
ext2_rename(struct vop_old_rename_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *tvp = ap->a_tvp;
        struct vnode *tdvp = ap->a_tdvp;
        struct vnode *fvp = ap->a_fvp;
        struct vnode *fdvp = ap->a_fdvp;
        struct componentname *tcnp = ap->a_tcnp;
        struct componentname *fcnp = ap->a_fcnp;
        struct inode *ip, *xp, *dp;
        struct dirtemplate *dirbuf;
        int doingdirectory = 0, oldparent = 0, newparent = 0;
        int error = 0;
        u_char namlen;

        /*
         * Check for cross-device rename.
         */
        if ((fvp->v_mount != tdvp->v_mount) ||
            (tvp && (fvp->v_mount != tvp->v_mount))) {
                error = EXDEV;
abortit:
                if (tdvp == tvp)
                        vrele(tdvp);
                else
                        vput(tdvp);
                if (tvp)
                        vput(tvp);
                vrele(fdvp);
                vrele(fvp);
                return (error);
        }

        if (tvp && ((VTOI(tvp)->i_flags & (NOUNLINK | IMMUTABLE | APPEND)) ||
            (VTOI(tdvp)->i_flags & APPEND))) {
                error = EPERM;
                goto abortit;
        }

        /*
         * Renaming a file to itself has no effect.  The upper layers should
         * not call us in that case.  Temporarily just warn if they do.
         */
        if (fvp == tvp) {
                SDT_PROBE2(ext2fs, , vnops, trace, 1,
                    "rename: fvp == tvp (can't happen)");
                error = 0;
                goto abortit;
        }

        if ((error = vn_lock(fvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_FAILRECLAIM)) != 0)
                goto abortit;
        dp = VTOI(fdvp);
        ip = VTOI(fvp);
        if (ip->i_nlink >= EXT4_LINK_MAX &&
            !EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(ip->i_e2fs, EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_DIR_NLINK)) {
                vn_unlock(fvp);
                error = EMLINK;
                goto abortit;
        }
        if ((ip->i_flags & (NOUNLINK | IMMUTABLE | APPEND))
            || (dp->i_flags & APPEND)) {
                vn_unlock(fvp);
                error = EPERM;
                goto abortit;
        }
        if ((ip->i_mode & IFMT) == IFDIR) {
                /*
                 * Avoid ".", "..", and aliases of "." for obvious reasons.
                 */
                if ((fcnp->cn_namelen == 1 && fcnp->cn_nameptr[0] == '.') ||
                    dp == ip || (fcnp->cn_flags | tcnp->cn_flags) & CNP_ISDOTDOT ||
                    (ip->i_flag & IN_RENAME)) {
                        vn_unlock(fvp);
                        error = EINVAL;
                        goto abortit;
                }
                ip->i_flag |= IN_RENAME;
                oldparent = dp->i_number;
                doingdirectory++;
        }
        //vrele(fdvp); XXX

        /*
         * When the target exists, both the directory
         * and target vnodes are returned locked.
         */
        dp = VTOI(tdvp);
        xp = NULL;
        if (tvp)
                xp = VTOI(tvp);

        /*
         * 1) Bump link count while we're moving stuff
         *    around.  If we crash somewhere before
         *    completing our work, the link count
         *    may be wrong, but correctable.
         */
        ext2_inc_nlink(ip);
        ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        if ((error = ext2_update(fvp, !DOINGASYNC(fvp))) != 0) {
                vn_unlock(fvp);
                goto bad;
        }

        /*
         * If ".." must be changed (ie the directory gets a new
         * parent) then the source directory must not be in the
         * directory hierarchy above the target, as this would
         * orphan everything below the source directory. Also
         * the user must have write permission in the source so
         * as to be able to change "..". We must repeat the call
         * to namei, as the parent directory is unlocked by the
         * call to checkpath().
         */
        error = VOP_ACCESS(fvp, VWRITE, tcnp->cn_cred);
        vn_unlock(fvp);

        /*
         * tvp (if not NULL) and tdvp are locked.  fvp and fdvp are not.
         * dp and xp are set according to tdvp and tvp.
         */
        if (oldparent != dp->i_number)
                newparent = dp->i_number;
        if (doingdirectory && newparent) {
                if (error)      /* write access check above */
                        goto bad;

                /*
                 * Prepare for relookup, get rid of xp
                 */
                if (xp != NULL) {
                        vput(tvp);
                        xp = NULL;
                }

                /*
                 * checkpath vput()'s tdvp (VTOI(dp)) on return no matter what,
                 * get an extra ref so we wind up with just an unlocked, ref'd
                 * tdvp.  The 'out' target skips xp and tdvp cleanups.  Our
                 * tdvp is now unlocked so we have to clean it up ourselves.
                 */
                vref(tdvp);
                error = ext2_checkpath(ip, dp, tcnp->cn_cred);
                tcnp->cn_flags |= CNP_PDIRUNLOCK;
                if (error) {
                        vrele(tdvp);
                        goto out;
                }
                /*
                 * relookup no longer messes with the ref count.  An unlocked
                 * tdvp must be passed and if no error occurs a locked tdvp
                 * will be returned.  We have to use the out target again.
                 */
                error = relookup(tdvp, &tvp, tcnp);
                if (error) {
                        if (tcnp->cn_flags & CNP_PDIRUNLOCK)
                                vrele(tdvp);
                        else
                                vput(tdvp);
                        goto out;
                }

                /*
                 * tdvp is locked at this point.  in the RENAME case tvp may
                 * be NULL without an error, assign xp accordingly.  The
                 * 'bad' target can be used again after this.
                 */
                dp = VTOI(tdvp);
                if (tvp)
                        xp = VTOI(tvp);
        }

        /*
         * 2) If target doesn't exist, link the target
         *    to the source and unlink the source.
         *    Otherwise, rewrite the target directory
         *    entry to reference the source inode and
         *    expunge the original entry's existence.
         */
        if (xp == NULL) {
                if (dp->i_devvp != ip->i_devvp)
                        panic("ext2_rename: EXDEV");
                /*
                 * Account for ".." in new directory.
                 * When source and destination have the same
                 * parent we don't fool with the link count.
                 */
                if (doingdirectory && newparent) {
                        if ((nlink_t)dp->i_nlink >= LINK_MAX) {
                                error = EMLINK;
                                goto bad;
                        }
                        error = ext2_inc_nlink(dp);
                        if (error)
                                goto bad;

                        dp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                        error = ext2_update(tdvp, !DOINGASYNC(tdvp));
                        if (error)
                                goto bad;
                }
                error = ext2_direnter(ip, tdvp, tcnp);
                if (error) {
                        if (doingdirectory && newparent) {
                                ext2_dec_nlink(dp);
                                dp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                                (void)ext2_update(tdvp, 1);
                        }
                        goto bad;
                }
                vput(tdvp);
        } else {
                if (xp->i_devvp != dp->i_devvp || xp->i_devvp != ip->i_devvp)
                        panic("ext2_rename: EXDEV");
                /*
                 * Short circuit rename(foo, foo).
                 */
                if (xp->i_number == ip->i_number)
                        panic("ext2_rename: same file");
                /*
                 * If the parent directory is "sticky", then the user must
                 * own the parent directory, or the destination of the rename,
                 * otherwise the destination may not be changed (except by
                 * root). This implements append-only directories.
                 */
                if ((dp->i_mode & S_ISTXT) && tcnp->cn_cred->cr_uid != 0 &&
                    tcnp->cn_cred->cr_uid != dp->i_uid &&
                    xp->i_uid != tcnp->cn_cred->cr_uid) {
                        error = EPERM;
                        goto bad;
                }
                /*
                 * Target must be empty if a directory and have no links
                 * to it. Also, ensure source and target are compatible
                 * (both directories, or both not directories).
                 */
                if ((xp->i_mode & IFMT) == IFDIR) {
                        if (!ext2_dirempty(xp, dp->i_number, tcnp->cn_cred)) {
                                error = ENOTEMPTY;
                                goto bad;
                        }
                        if (!doingdirectory) {
                                error = ENOTDIR;
                                goto bad;
                        }
                } else if (doingdirectory) {
                        error = EISDIR;
                        goto bad;
                }
                error = ext2_dirrewrite(dp, ip, tcnp);
                if (error)
                        goto bad;
                /*
                 * If the target directory is in the same
                 * directory as the source directory,
                 * decrement the link count on the parent
                 * of the target directory.
                 */
                if (doingdirectory && !newparent) {
                        ext2_dec_nlink(dp);
                        dp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                }
                vput(tdvp);
                /*
                 * Adjust the link count of the target to
                 * reflect the dirrewrite above.  If this is
                 * a directory it is empty and there are
                 * no links to it, so we can squash the inode and
                 * any space associated with it.  We disallowed
                 * renaming over top of a directory with links to
                 * it above, as the remaining link would point to
                 * a directory without "." or ".." entries.
                 */
                ext2_dec_nlink(xp);
                if (doingdirectory) {
                        if (xp->i_nlink > 2)
                                panic("ext2_rename: linked directory");
                        error = ext2_truncate(tvp, (off_t)0, IO_SYNC,
                            tcnp->cn_cred);
                        xp->i_nlink = 0;
                }
                xp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                vput(tvp);
                xp = NULL;
        }

        /*
         * 3) Unlink the source.
         */
        fcnp->cn_flags &= ~CNP_MODMASK;
        fcnp->cn_flags |= CNP_LOCKPARENT;
        //vref(fdvp); XXX
        error = relookup(fdvp, &fvp, fcnp);
        if (error) {
                /*
                 * From name has disappeared.
                 */
                if (doingdirectory)
                        panic("ext2_rename: lost dir entry");
                /* ip->i_flag only sets IN_RENAME if doingdirectory */
                vrele(ap->a_fvp);
                if (fcnp->cn_flags & CNP_PDIRUNLOCK)
                        vrele(fdvp);
                else
                        vput(fdvp);
                return (0);
        }
        KKASSERT((fcnp->cn_flags & CNP_PDIRUNLOCK) == 0);

        /*
         * This case shouldn't occur
         */
        if (fvp == NULL) {
                /*
                 * From name has disappeared.
                 */
                if (doingdirectory)
                        panic("ext2_rename: lost dir entry");
                /* ip->i_flag only sets IN_RENAME if doingdirectory */
                vrele(ap->a_fvp);
                vput(fvp);
                vput(fdvp);
                return (0);
        }

        /*
         * fvp and fdvp are both ref'd and locked.
         */
        xp = VTOI(fvp);
        dp = VTOI(fdvp);

        /*
         * Ensure that the directory entry still exists and has not
         * changed while the new name has been entered. If the source is
         * a file then the entry may have been unlinked or renamed. In
         * either case there is no further work to be done. If the source
         * is a directory then it cannot have been rmdir'ed; its link
         * count of three would cause a rmdir to fail with ENOTEMPTY.
         * The IN_RENAME flag ensures that it cannot be moved by another
         * rename.
         */
        if (xp != ip) {
                /*
                 * From name resolves to a different inode.  IN_RENAME is
                 * not sufficient protection against timing window races
                 * so we can't panic here.
                 */
        } else {
                /*
                 * If the source is a directory with a
                 * new parent, the link count of the old
                 * parent directory must be decremented
                 * and ".." set to point to the new parent.
                 */
                if (doingdirectory && newparent) {
                        ext2_dec_nlink(dp);
                        dp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                        dirbuf = malloc(dp->i_e2fs->e2fs_bsize, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
                        error = vn_rdwr(UIO_READ, fvp, (caddr_t)&dirbuf,
                            sizeof (struct dirtemplate), (off_t)0,
                            UIO_SYSSPACE, IO_NODELOCKED,
                            tcnp->cn_cred, NULL);
                        if (error == 0) {
                                /* Like ufs little-endian: */
                                namlen = dirbuf->dotdot_type;
                                if (namlen != 2 ||
                                    dirbuf->dotdot_name[0] != '.' ||
                                    dirbuf->dotdot_name[1] != '.') {
                                        ext2_dirbad(xp, (doff_t)12,
                                            "rename: mangled dir");
                                } else {
                                        dirbuf->dotdot_ino = htole32(newparent);
                                        /*
                                         * dirblock 0 could be htree root,
                                         * try both csum update functions.
                                         */
                                        ext2_dirent_csum_set(ip,
                                            (struct ext2fs_direct_2 *)dirbuf);
                                        ext2_dx_csum_set(ip,
                                            (struct ext2fs_direct_2 *)dirbuf);
                                        vn_rdwr(UIO_WRITE, fvp,
                                            (caddr_t)&dirbuf,
                                            sizeof (struct dirtemplate),
                                            (off_t)0, UIO_SYSSPACE,
                                            IO_NODELOCKED | IO_SYNC,
                                            tcnp->cn_cred, NULL);
                                }
                        }
                        free(dirbuf, M_TEMP);
                }
                error = ext2_dirremove(fdvp, fcnp);
                if (!error) {
                        ext2_dec_nlink(xp);
                        xp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                }
                xp->i_flag &= ~IN_RENAME;
        }
        if (dp)
                vput(fdvp);
        if (xp)
                vput(fvp);
        vrele(ap->a_fvp);
        return (error);

bad:
        if (xp)
                vput(ITOV(xp));
        vput(ITOV(dp));
out:
        if (doingdirectory)
                ip->i_flag &= ~IN_RENAME;
        if (vn_lock(fvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE) == 0) {
                ext2_dec_nlink(ip);
                ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                ip->i_flag &= ~IN_RENAME;
                vput(fvp);
        } else
                vrele(fvp);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Mkdir system call
 */
static int
ext2_mkdir(struct vop_old_mkdir_args *ap)
{
        struct m_ext2fs *fs;
        struct vnode *dvp = ap->a_dvp;
        struct vattr *vap = ap->a_vap;
        struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
        struct inode *ip, *dp;
        struct vnode *tvp;
        struct dirtemplate dirtemplate, *dtp;
        char *buf = NULL;
        int error, dmode;

        dp = VTOI(dvp);
        if ((nlink_t)dp->i_nlink >= EXT4_LINK_MAX &&
            !EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(dp->i_e2fs, EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_DIR_NLINK)) {
                error = EMLINK;
                goto out;
        }
        dmode = vap->va_mode & 0777;
        dmode |= IFDIR;
        /*
         * Must simulate part of ext2_makeinode here to acquire the inode,
         * but not have it entered in the parent directory. The entry is
         * made later after writing "." and ".." entries.
         */
        error = ext2_valloc(dvp, dmode, cnp->cn_cred, &tvp);
        if (error)
                goto out;
        ip = VTOI(tvp);
        fs = ip->i_e2fs;
        ip->i_gid = dp->i_gid;
#ifdef SUIDDIR
        {
                /*
                 * if we are hacking owners here, (only do this where told to)
                 * and we are not giving it TOO root, (would subvert quotas)
                 * then go ahead and give it to the other user.
                 * The new directory also inherits the SUID bit.
                 * If user's UID and dir UID are the same,
                 * 'give it away' so that the SUID is still forced on.
                 */
                if ((dvp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_SUIDDIR) &&
                    (dp->i_mode & ISUID) && dp->i_uid) {
                        dmode |= ISUID;
                        ip->i_uid = dp->i_uid;
                } else {
                        ip->i_uid = cnp->cn_cred->cr_uid;
                }
        }
#else
        ip->i_uid = cnp->cn_cred->cr_uid;
#endif
        ip->i_flag |= IN_ACCESS | IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE;
        ip->i_mode = dmode;
        tvp->v_type = VDIR;     /* Rest init'd in getnewvnode(). */
        ip->i_nlink = 2;
        if (cnp->cn_flags & CNP_ISWHITEOUT)
                ip->i_flags |= UF_OPAQUE;
        error = ext2_update(tvp, 1);

        /*
         * The vnode must have a VM object in order to issue buffer cache
         * ops on it.
         */
        vinitvmio(tvp, 0, PAGE_SIZE, -1);

        /*
         * Bump link count in parent directory
         * to reflect work done below.  Should
         * be done before reference is created
         * so reparation is possible if we crash.
         */
        ext2_inc_nlink(dp);
        dp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        error = ext2_update(dvp, !DOINGASYNC(dvp));
        if (error)
                goto bad;

        /* Initialize directory with "." and ".." from static template. */
        if (EXT2_HAS_INCOMPAT_FEATURE(ip->i_e2fs,
            EXT2F_INCOMPAT_FTYPE))
                dtp = &mastertemplate;
        else
                dtp = &omastertemplate;
        dirtemplate = *dtp;
        dirtemplate.dot_ino = htole32(ip->i_number);
        dirtemplate.dotdot_ino = htole32(dp->i_number);
        /*
         * note that in ext2 DIRBLKSIZ == blocksize, not DEV_BSIZE so let's
         * just redefine it - for this function only
         */
#undef  DIRBLKSIZ
#define DIRBLKSIZ  VTOI(dvp)->i_e2fs->e2fs_bsize
        dirtemplate.dotdot_reclen = htole16(DIRBLKSIZ - 12);
        buf = malloc(DIRBLKSIZ, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
        if (EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(fs, EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_METADATA_CKSUM)) {
                dirtemplate.dotdot_reclen =
                    htole16(le16toh(dirtemplate.dotdot_reclen) -
                    sizeof(struct ext2fs_direct_tail));
                ext2_init_dirent_tail(EXT2_DIRENT_TAIL(buf, DIRBLKSIZ));
        }
        memcpy(buf, &dirtemplate, sizeof(dirtemplate));
        ext2_dirent_csum_set(ip, (struct ext2fs_direct_2 *)buf);
        error = vn_rdwr(UIO_WRITE, tvp, (caddr_t)buf,
            DIRBLKSIZ, (off_t)0, UIO_SYSSPACE,
            IO_NODELOCKED | IO_SYNC, cnp->cn_cred, NULL);
        if (error) {
                ext2_dec_nlink(dp);
                dp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                goto bad;
        }
        if (DIRBLKSIZ > VFSTOEXT2(dvp->v_mount)->um_mountp->mnt_stat.f_bsize)
                /* XXX should grow with balloc() */
                panic("ext2_mkdir: blksize");
        else {
                ip->i_size = DIRBLKSIZ;
                ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        }

        /* Directory set up, now install its entry in the parent directory. */
        error = ext2_direnter(ip, dvp, cnp);
        if (error) {
                ext2_dec_nlink(dp);
                dp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        }
bad:
        /*
         * No need to do an explicit VOP_TRUNCATE here, vrele will do this
         * for us because we set the link count to 0.
         */
        if (error) {
                ip->i_nlink = 0;
                ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
                vput(tvp);
        } else
                *ap->a_vpp = tvp;
out:
        free(buf, M_TEMP);
        return (error);
#undef  DIRBLKSIZ
#define DIRBLKSIZ  DEV_BSIZE
}

/*
 * Rmdir system call.
 */
static int
ext2_rmdir(struct vop_old_rmdir_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct vnode *dvp = ap->a_dvp;
        struct componentname *cnp = ap->a_cnp;
        struct inode *ip, *dp;
        int error;

        ip = VTOI(vp);
        dp = VTOI(dvp);

        /*
         * Verify the directory is empty (and valid).
         * (Rmdir ".." won't be valid since
         *  ".." will contain a reference to
         *  the current directory and thus be
         *  non-empty.)
         */
        if (!ext2_dirempty(ip, dp->i_number, cnp->cn_cred)) {
                error = ENOTEMPTY;
                goto out;
        }
        if ((dp->i_flags & APPEND)
            || (ip->i_flags & (NOUNLINK | IMMUTABLE | APPEND))) {
                error = EPERM;
                goto out;
        }
        /*
         * Delete reference to directory before purging
         * inode.  If we crash in between, the directory
         * will be reattached to lost+found,
         */
        error = ext2_dirremove(dvp, cnp);
        if (error)
                goto out;
        ext2_dec_nlink(dp);
        dp->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        vn_unlock(dvp);
        /*
         * Truncate inode.  The only stuff left
         * in the directory is "." and "..".
         */
        ip->i_nlink = 0;
        error = ext2_truncate(vp, (off_t)0, IO_SYNC, cnp->cn_cred);
        vn_lock(dvp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
out:
        return (error);
}

/*
 * symlink -- make a symbolic link
 */
static int
ext2_symlink(struct vop_old_symlink_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp, **vpp = ap->a_vpp;
        struct inode *ip;
        int len, error;

        error = ext2_makeinode(IFLNK | ap->a_vap->va_mode, ap->a_dvp,
            vpp, ap->a_cnp);
        if (error)
                return (error);
        vp = *vpp;
        len = strlen(ap->a_target);
        if (len < vp->v_mount->mnt_maxsymlinklen) {
                ip = VTOI(vp);
                bcopy(ap->a_target, (char *)ip->i_shortlink, len);
                ip->i_size = len;
                ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE;
        } else {
                /*
                 * Make sure we have a VM object in order to use
                 * the buffer cache.
                 */
                if (vp->v_object == NULL)
                        vinitvmio(vp, 0, PAGE_SIZE, -1);

                error = vn_rdwr(UIO_WRITE, vp, ap->a_target, len, (off_t)0,
                    UIO_SYSSPACE, IO_NODELOCKED, ap->a_cnp->cn_cred, NULL);
        }
        if (error)
                vput(vp);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Return target name of a symbolic link
 */
static int
ext2_readlink(struct vop_readlink_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct inode *ip = VTOI(vp);
        int isize;

        isize = ip->i_size;
        if (isize < vp->v_mount->mnt_maxsymlinklen) {
                uiomove((char *)ip->i_shortlink, isize, ap->a_uio);
                return (0);
        }
        return (VOP_READ(vp, ap->a_uio, 0, ap->a_cred));
}

/*
 * Calculate the logical to physical mapping if not done already,
 * then call the device strategy routine.
 *
 * In order to be able to swap to a file, the ext2_bmaparray() operation may not
 * deadlock on memory.  See ext2_bmap() for details.
 */
static int
ext2_strategy(struct vop_strategy_args *ap)
{
        struct bio *bio = ap->a_bio;
        struct bio *nbio;
        struct buf *bp = bio->bio_buf;
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct inode *ip;
        int error;

        ip = VTOI(vp);
        if (vp->v_type == VBLK || vp->v_type == VCHR)
                panic("ext2_strategy: spec");
        nbio = push_bio(bio);
        if (nbio->bio_offset == NOOFFSET) {
                error = VOP_BMAP(vp, bio->bio_offset, &nbio->bio_offset, NULL,
                    NULL, bp->b_cmd);
                if (error) {
                        bp->b_error = error;
                        bp->b_flags |= B_ERROR;
                        /* I/O was never started on nbio, must biodone(bio) */
                        biodone(bio);
                        return (error);
                }
                if (nbio->bio_offset == NOOFFSET)
                        vfs_bio_clrbuf(bp);
        }
        if (nbio->bio_offset == NOOFFSET) {
                /* I/O was never started on nbio, must biodone(bio) */
                biodone(bio);
                return (0);
        }
        vn_strategy(ip->i_devvp, nbio);
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Print out the contents of an inode.
 */
static int
ext2_print(struct vop_print_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct inode *ip = VTOI(vp);

        printf("tag VT_EXT2FS, ino %lu, on dev %s (%d, %d)",
            (u_long)ip->i_number, devtoname(ip->i_dev), major(ip->i_dev),
            minor(ip->i_dev));
        if (vp->v_type == VFIFO)
                fifo_printinfo(vp);
        lockmgr_printinfo(&vp->v_lock);
        printf("\n");
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Read wrapper for fifos.
 */
static
int
ext2fifo_read(struct vop_read_args *ap)
{
        int error, resid;
        struct inode *ip;
        struct uio *uio;

        uio = ap->a_uio;
        resid = uio->uio_resid;
        error = VOCALL(&fifo_vnode_vops, &ap->a_head);
        ip = VTOI(ap->a_vp);
        if ((ap->a_vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOATIME) == 0 && ip != NULL &&
            (uio->uio_resid != resid || (error == 0 && resid != 0)))
                VTOI(ap->a_vp)->i_flag |= IN_ACCESS;
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Write wrapper for fifos.
 */
static
int
ext2fifo_write(struct vop_write_args *ap)
{
        int error, resid;
        struct inode *ip;
        struct uio *uio;

        uio = ap->a_uio;
        resid = uio->uio_resid;
        error = VOCALL(&fifo_vnode_vops, &ap->a_head);
        ip = VTOI(ap->a_vp);
        if (ip != NULL && (uio->uio_resid != resid || (error == 0 && resid != 0)))
                VTOI(ap->a_vp)->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE;
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Close wrapper for fifos.
 *
 * Update the times on the inode then do device close.
 */
static int
ext2fifo_close(struct vop_close_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;

        if (VREFCNT(vp) > 1)
                ext2_itimes(vp);
        return (VOCALL(&fifo_vnode_vops, &ap->a_head));
}

static void
filt_ext2detach(struct knote *kn)
{
        struct vnode *vp = (struct vnode *)kn->kn_hook;

        lwkt_gettoken(&vp->v_token);
        knote_remove(&vp->v_pollinfo.vpi_kqinfo.ki_note, kn);
        lwkt_reltoken(&vp->v_token);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
filt_ext2read(struct knote *kn, long hint)
{
        struct vnode *vp = (struct vnode *)kn->kn_hook;
        struct inode *ip = VTOI(vp);
        off_t off;

        /*
         * filesystem is gone, so set the EOF flag and schedule
         * the knote for deletion.
         */
        if (hint == NOTE_REVOKE) {
                kn->kn_flags |= (EV_EOF | EV_NODATA | EV_ONESHOT);
                return (1);
        }
        off = ip->i_size - kn->kn_fp->f_offset;
        kn->kn_data = (off < INTPTR_MAX) ? off : INTPTR_MAX;
        if (kn->kn_sfflags & NOTE_OLDAPI)
                return (1);
        return (kn->kn_data != 0);
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
static int
filt_ext2write(struct knote *kn, long hint)
{
        /*
         * filesystem is gone, so set the EOF flag and schedule
         * the knote for deletion.
         */
        if (hint == NOTE_REVOKE)
                kn->kn_flags |= (EV_EOF | EV_NODATA | EV_ONESHOT);

        kn->kn_data = 0;
        return (1);
}

static int
filt_ext2vnode(struct knote *kn, long hint)
{
        if (kn->kn_sfflags & hint)
                kn->kn_fflags |= hint;
        if (hint == NOTE_REVOKE) {
                kn->kn_flags |= (EV_EOF | EV_NODATA);
                return (1);
        }
        return (kn->kn_fflags != 0);
}

static struct filterops ext2read_filtops =
        { FILTEROP_ISFD | FILTEROP_MPSAFE, NULL, filt_ext2detach, filt_ext2read };
static struct filterops ext2write_filtops =
        { FILTEROP_ISFD | FILTEROP_MPSAFE, NULL, filt_ext2detach, filt_ext2write };
static struct filterops ext2vnode_filtops =
        { FILTEROP_ISFD | FILTEROP_MPSAFE, NULL, filt_ext2detach, filt_ext2vnode };

static int
ext2_kqfilter(struct vop_kqfilter_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
        struct knote *kn = ap->a_kn;

        switch (kn->kn_filter) {
        case EVFILT_READ:
                kn->kn_fop = &ext2read_filtops;
                break;
        case EVFILT_WRITE:
                kn->kn_fop = &ext2write_filtops;
                break;
        case EVFILT_VNODE:
                kn->kn_fop = &ext2vnode_filtops;
                break;
        default:
                return (EOPNOTSUPP);
        }

        kn->kn_hook = (caddr_t)vp;

        /* XXX: kq token actually protects the list */
        lwkt_gettoken(&vp->v_token);
        knote_insert(&vp->v_pollinfo.vpi_kqinfo.ki_note, kn);
        lwkt_reltoken(&vp->v_token);

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Kqfilter wrapper for fifos.
 *
 * Fall through to ext2 kqfilter routines if needed
 */
static int
ext2fifo_kqfilter(struct vop_kqfilter_args *ap)
{
        int error;

        error = VOCALL(&fifo_vnode_vops, &ap->a_head);
        if (error)
                error = ext2_kqfilter(ap);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Return POSIX pathconf information applicable to ext2 filesystems.
 */
static int
ext2_pathconf(struct vop_pathconf_args *ap)
{
        int error = 0;

        switch (ap->a_name) {
        case _PC_LINK_MAX:
                if (EXT2_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(VTOI(ap->a_vp)->i_e2fs,
                    EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_DIR_NLINK))
                        *ap->a_retval = INT_MAX;
                else
                        *ap->a_retval = EXT4_LINK_MAX;
                break;
        case _PC_NAME_MAX:
                *ap->a_retval = NAME_MAX;
                break;
        case _PC_PATH_MAX:
                *ap->a_retval = PATH_MAX;
                break;
        case _PC_PIPE_BUF:
                if (ap->a_vp->v_type == VDIR || ap->a_vp->v_type == VFIFO)
                        *ap->a_retval = PIPE_BUF;
                else
                        error = EINVAL;
                break;
        case _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED:
                *ap->a_retval = 1;
                break;
        case _PC_NO_TRUNC:
                *ap->a_retval = 1;
                break;
        case _PC_MIN_HOLE_SIZE:
                *ap->a_retval = ap->a_vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
                break;
        case _PC_PRIO_IO:
                *ap->a_retval = 0;
                break;
        case _PC_SYNC_IO:
                *ap->a_retval = 0;
                break;
        case _PC_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN:
                *ap->a_retval = ap->a_vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_bsize;
                break;
        case _PC_FILESIZEBITS:
                *ap->a_retval = 64;
                break;
        case _PC_REC_INCR_XFER_SIZE:
                *ap->a_retval = ap->a_vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
                break;
        case _PC_REC_MAX_XFER_SIZE:
                *ap->a_retval = -1;     /* means ``unlimited'' */
                break;
        case _PC_REC_MIN_XFER_SIZE:
                *ap->a_retval = ap->a_vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
                break;
        case _PC_REC_XFER_ALIGN:
                *ap->a_retval = PAGE_SIZE;
                break;
        case _PC_SYMLINK_MAX:
                *ap->a_retval = MAXPATHLEN;
                break;

        default:
                error = vop_stdpathconf(ap);
                break;
        }
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Initialize the vnode associated with a new inode, handle aliased vnodes.
 */
int
ext2_vinit(struct mount *mntp, struct vnode **vpp)
{
        struct inode *ip;
        struct vnode *vp;

        vp = *vpp;
        ip = VTOI(vp);

        switch (vp->v_type = IFTOVT(ip->i_mode)) {
        case VCHR:
        case VBLK:
                vp->v_ops = &mntp->mnt_vn_spec_ops;
                addaliasu(vp, umajor(ip->i_rdev), uminor(ip->i_rdev));
                break;
        case VFIFO:
                vp->v_ops = &mntp->mnt_vn_fifo_ops;
                break;
        case VDIR:
        case VREG:
                vinitvmio(vp, ip->i_size, PAGE_SIZE, -1); /* XXX */
                break;
        case VLNK:
                if ((ip->i_size >= vp->v_mount->mnt_maxsymlinklen) &&
                    ip->i_blocks != 0) {
                        vinitvmio(vp, ip->i_size, PAGE_SIZE, -1);
                }
                break;
        default:
                break;
        }

        /*
         * Only unallocated inodes should be of type VNON.
         */
        if (ip->i_mode != 0 && vp->v_type == VNON)
                return (EINVAL);

        if (ip->i_number == EXT2_ROOTINO)
                vp->v_flag |= VROOT;
        /*
         * Initialize modrev times.
         */
        ip->i_modrev = init_va_filerev();
        *vpp = vp;
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Allocate a new inode.
 */
static int
ext2_makeinode(int mode, struct vnode *dvp, struct vnode **vpp,
    struct componentname *cnp)
{
        struct inode *ip, *pdir;
        struct vnode *tvp;
        int error;

        pdir = VTOI(dvp);
        *vpp = NULL;
        if ((mode & IFMT) == 0)
                mode |= IFREG;

        error = ext2_valloc(dvp, mode, cnp->cn_cred, &tvp);
        if (error) {
                return (error);
        }
        ip = VTOI(tvp);
        ip->i_gid = pdir->i_gid;
#ifdef SUIDDIR
        {
                /*
                 * if we are
                 * not the owner of the directory,
                 * and we are hacking owners here, (only do this where told to)
                 * and we are not giving it TOO root, (would subvert quotas)
                 * then go ahead and give it to the other user.
                 * Note that this drops off the execute bits for security.
                 */
                if ((dvp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_SUIDDIR) &&
                    (pdir->i_mode & ISUID) &&
                    (pdir->i_uid != cnp->cn_cred->cr_uid) && pdir->i_uid) {
                        ip->i_uid = pdir->i_uid;
                        mode &= ~07111;
                } else {
                        ip->i_uid = cnp->cn_cred->cr_uid;
                }
        }
#else
        ip->i_uid = cnp->cn_cred->cr_uid;
#endif
        ip->i_flag |= IN_ACCESS | IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE;
        ip->i_mode = mode;
        tvp->v_type = IFTOVT(mode);     /* Rest init'd in getnewvnode(). */
        ip->i_nlink = 1;
        if ((ip->i_mode & ISGID) && !groupmember(ip->i_gid, cnp->cn_cred)) {
                if (caps_priv_check(cnp->cn_cred, SYSCAP_NOVFS_RETAINSUGID))
                        ip->i_mode &= ~ISGID;
        }

        if (cnp->cn_flags & CNP_ISWHITEOUT)
                ip->i_flags |= UF_OPAQUE;

        /*
         * Regular files and directories need VM objects.  Softlinks do
         * not (not immediately anyway).
         */
        if (tvp->v_type == VREG || tvp->v_type == VDIR)
                vinitvmio(tvp, 0, PAGE_SIZE, -1);

        /*
         * Make sure inode goes to disk before directory entry.
         */
        error = ext2_update(tvp, !DOINGASYNC(tvp));
        if (error)
                goto bad;

        error = ext2_direnter(ip, dvp, cnp);
        if (error)
                goto bad;

        *vpp = tvp;
        return (0);

bad:
        /*
         * Write error occurred trying to update the inode
         * or the directory so must deallocate the inode.
         */
        ip->i_nlink = 0;
        ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE;
        vput(tvp);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Vnode op for reading.
 */
static int
ext2_read(struct vop_read_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp;
        struct inode *ip;
        struct uio *uio;
        struct m_ext2fs *fs;
        struct buf *bp;
        daddr_t lbn;
        off_t nextlbn;
        off_t nextloffset;
        off_t bytesinfile;
        long size, xfersize, blkoffset;
        int error, orig_resid, seqcount;
        int ioflag;

        vp = ap->a_vp;
        uio = ap->a_uio;
        ioflag = ap->a_ioflag;

        seqcount = ap->a_ioflag >> IO_SEQSHIFT;
        ip = VTOI(vp);

#ifdef INVARIANTS
        if (uio->uio_rw != UIO_READ)
                panic("%s: mode", "ext2_read");

        if (vp->v_type == VLNK) {
                if ((int)ip->i_size < vp->v_mount->mnt_maxsymlinklen)
                        panic("%s: short symlink", "ext2_read");
        } else if (vp->v_type != VREG && vp->v_type != VDIR)
                panic("%s: type %d", "ext2_read", vp->v_type);
#endif
        orig_resid = uio->uio_resid;
        KASSERT(orig_resid >= 0, ("ext2_read: uio->uio_resid < 0"));
        if (orig_resid == 0)
                return (0);
        KASSERT(uio->uio_offset >= 0, ("ext2_read: uio->uio_offset < 0"));
        fs = ip->i_e2fs;
        if (uio->uio_offset < ip->i_size &&
            uio->uio_offset >= fs->e2fs_maxfilesize)
                return (EOVERFLOW);

        for (error = 0, bp = NULL; uio->uio_resid > 0; bp = NULL) {
                if ((bytesinfile = ip->i_size - uio->uio_offset) <= 0)
                        break;
                lbn = lblkno(fs, uio->uio_offset);
                nextlbn = lbn + 1;
                nextloffset = lblktodoff(fs, nextlbn);
                size = blksize(fs, ip, lbn);
                blkoffset = blkoff(fs, uio->uio_offset);

                xfersize = fs->e2fs_fsize - blkoffset;
                if (uio->uio_resid < xfersize)
                        xfersize = uio->uio_resid;
                if (bytesinfile < xfersize)
                        xfersize = bytesinfile;

                if (nextloffset >= ip->i_size)
                        error = bread(vp, lblktodoff(fs, lbn), size, &bp);
                else if ((vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOCLUSTERR) == 0) {
                        error = cluster_read(vp, (off_t)ip->i_size,
                            lblktodoff(fs, lbn), size, uio->uio_resid,
                            (ap->a_ioflag >> IO_SEQSHIFT) * MAXBSIZE, &bp);
                } else if (seqcount > 1) {
                        u_int nextsize = blksize(fs, ip, nextlbn);

                        error = breadn(vp, lblktodoff(fs, lbn), size,
                            &nextloffset, &nextsize, 1, &bp);
                } else
                        error = bread(vp, lblktodoff(fs, lbn), size, &bp);
                if (error) {
                        brelse(bp);
                        bp = NULL;
                        break;
                }

                /*
                 * We should only get non-zero b_resid when an I/O error
                 * has occurred, which should cause us to break above.
                 * However, if the short read did not cause an error,
                 * then we want to ensure that we do not uiomove bad
                 * or uninitialized data.
                 */
                size -= bp->b_resid;
                if (size < xfersize) {
                        if (size == 0)
                                break;
                        xfersize = size;
                }
                error = uiomove((char *)bp->b_data + blkoffset,
                    (int)xfersize, uio);
                if (error)
                        break;
                bqrelse(bp);
        }

        /*
         * This can only happen in the case of an error because the loop
         * above resets bp to NULL on each iteration and on normal
         * completion has not set a new value into it. so it must have come
         * from a 'break' statement
         */
        if (bp != NULL)
                bqrelse(bp);

        if ((error == 0 || uio->uio_resid != orig_resid) &&
            (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & (MNT_NOATIME | MNT_RDONLY)) == 0)
                ip->i_flag |= IN_ACCESS;
        return (error);
}

static int
ext2_ioctl(struct vop_ioctl_args *ap)
{

        switch (ap->a_command) {
        case FIOSEEKDATA:
        case FIOSEEKHOLE:
                return (vn_bmap_seekhole(ap->a_vp, ap->a_command,
                    (off_t *)ap->a_data, ap->a_cred));
        default:
                return (ENOTTY);
        }
}

/*
 * Vnode op for writing.
 */
static int
ext2_write(struct vop_write_args *ap)
{
        struct vnode *vp;
        struct uio *uio;
        struct inode *ip;
        struct m_ext2fs *fs;
        struct buf *bp;
        struct thread *td;
        daddr_t lbn;
        off_t osize;
        int blkoffset, error, flags, ioflag, resid, size, seqcount, xfersize;

        ioflag = ap->a_ioflag;
        uio = ap->a_uio;
        vp = ap->a_vp;

        seqcount = ioflag >> IO_SEQSHIFT;
        ip = VTOI(vp);

#ifdef INVARIANTS
        if (uio->uio_rw != UIO_WRITE)
                panic("%s: mode", "ext2_write");
#endif

        switch (vp->v_type) {
        case VREG:
                if (ioflag & IO_APPEND)
                        uio->uio_offset = ip->i_size;
                if ((ip->i_flags & APPEND) && uio->uio_offset != ip->i_size)
                        return (EPERM);
                /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case VLNK:
                break;
        case VDIR:
                /* XXX differs from ffs -- this is called from ext2_mkdir(). */
                if ((ioflag & IO_SYNC) == 0)
                        panic("ext2_write: nonsync dir write");
                break;
        default:
                panic("ext2_write: type %p %d (%jd,%jd)", (void *)vp,
                    vp->v_type, (intmax_t)uio->uio_offset,
                    (intmax_t)uio->uio_resid);
        }

        KASSERT(uio->uio_resid >= 0, ("ext2_write: uio->uio_resid < 0"));
        KASSERT(uio->uio_offset >= 0, ("ext2_write: uio->uio_offset < 0"));
        fs = ip->i_e2fs;
        if ((uoff_t)uio->uio_offset + uio->uio_resid > fs->e2fs_maxfilesize)
                return (EFBIG);
        /*
         * Maybe this should be above the vnode op call, but so long as
         * file servers have no limits, I don't think it matters.
         */
        td = uio->uio_td;
        if (vp->v_type == VREG && td && td->td_proc &&
            uio->uio_offset + uio->uio_resid >
            td->td_proc->p_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE].rlim_cur) {
                lwpsignal(td->td_proc, td->td_lwp, SIGXFSZ);
                return (EFBIG);
        }

        resid = uio->uio_resid;
        osize = ip->i_size;
        if (seqcount > BA_SEQMAX)
                flags = BA_SEQMAX << BA_SEQSHIFT;
        else
                flags = seqcount << BA_SEQSHIFT;
        if ((ioflag & IO_SYNC) && !DOINGASYNC(vp))
                flags |= IO_SYNC;

        for (error = 0; uio->uio_resid > 0;) {
                lbn = lblkno(fs, uio->uio_offset);
                blkoffset = blkoff(fs, uio->uio_offset);
                xfersize = fs->e2fs_fsize - blkoffset;
                if (uio->uio_resid < xfersize)
                        xfersize = uio->uio_resid;
                if (uio->uio_offset + xfersize > ip->i_size)
                        vnode_pager_setsize(vp, uio->uio_offset + xfersize);

                /*
                 * We must perform a read-before-write if the transfer size
                 * does not cover the entire buffer.
                 */
                if (fs->e2fs_bsize > xfersize)
                        flags |= BA_CLRBUF;
                else
                        flags &= ~BA_CLRBUF;
                error = ext2_balloc(ip, lbn, blkoffset + xfersize,
                    ap->a_cred, &bp, flags);
                if (error != 0)
                        break;

                if ((ioflag & (IO_SYNC | IO_INVAL)) == (IO_SYNC | IO_INVAL))
                        bp->b_flags |= B_NOCACHE;
                if (uio->uio_offset + xfersize > ip->i_size)
                        ip->i_size = uio->uio_offset + xfersize;
                size = blksize(fs, ip, lbn) - bp->b_resid;
                if (size < xfersize)
                        xfersize = size;

                error =
                    uiomove((char *)bp->b_data + blkoffset, (int)xfersize, uio);
                if ((ioflag & IO_VMIO) &&
                    LIST_FIRST(&bp->b_dep) == NULL) /* in ext2fs? */
                        bp->b_flags |= B_RELBUF;
                /*
                 * If the buffer is not already filled and we encounter an
                 * error while trying to fill it, we have to clear out any
                 * garbage data from the pages instantiated for the buffer.
                 * If we do not, a failed uiomove() during a write can leave
                 * the prior contents of the pages exposed to a userland mmap.
                 *
                 * Note that we need only clear buffers with a transfer size
                 * equal to the block size because buffers with a shorter
                 * transfer size were cleared above by the call to ext2_balloc()
                 * with the BA_CLRBUF flag set.
                 *
                 * If the source region for uiomove identically mmaps the
                 * buffer, uiomove() performed the NOP copy, and the buffer
                 * content remains valid because the page fault handler
                 * validated the pages.
                 */
                if (error != 0 && (bp->b_flags & B_CACHE) == 0 &&
                    fs->e2fs_bsize == xfersize)
                        vfs_bio_clrbuf(bp);

                /*
                 * If IO_SYNC each buffer is written synchronously.  Otherwise
                 * if we have a severe page deficiency write the buffer
                 * asynchronously.  Otherwise try to cluster, and if that
                 * doesn't do it then either do an async write (if O_DIRECT),
                 * or a delayed write (if not).
                 */
                if (ioflag & IO_SYNC) {
                        (void)bwrite(bp);
                } else if (vm_paging_severe() ||
                           buf_dirty_count_severe() ||
                           (ioflag & IO_ASYNC))
                {
                        bp->b_flags |= B_CLUSTEROK;
                        bawrite(bp);
                } else if (xfersize + blkoffset == fs->e2fs_fsize) {
                        if ((vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOCLUSTERW) == 0) {
                                bp->b_flags |= B_CLUSTEROK;
                                cluster_write(bp, (off_t)ip->i_size,
                                    vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize, seqcount);
                        } else {
                                bawrite(bp);
                        }
                } else if (ioflag & IO_DIRECT) {
                        bp->b_flags |= B_CLUSTEROK;
                        bawrite(bp);
                } else {
                        bp->b_flags |= B_CLUSTEROK;
                        bdwrite(bp);
                }
                if (error || xfersize == 0)
                        break;
        }
        /*
         * If we successfully wrote any data, and we are not the superuser
         * we clear the setuid and setgid bits as a precaution against
         * tampering.
         */
        if ((ip->i_mode & (ISUID | ISGID)) && resid > uio->uio_resid &&
            ap->a_cred) {
                if (caps_priv_check(ap->a_cred, SYSCAP_NOVFS_RETAINSUGID))
                        ip->i_mode &= ~(ISUID | ISGID);
        }
        if (error) {
                if (ioflag & IO_UNIT) {
                        (void)ext2_truncate(vp, osize, ioflag & IO_SYNC,
                            ap->a_cred);
                        uio->uio_offset -= resid - uio->uio_resid;
                        uio->uio_resid = resid;
                }
        }
        if (uio->uio_resid != resid) {
                ip->i_flag |= IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE;
                if (ioflag & IO_SYNC)
                        error = ext2_update(vp, 1);
        }
        return (error);
}

/* Global vfs data structures for ext2. */
struct vop_ops ext2_vnodeops = {
        .vop_default =          vop_defaultop,
        .vop_access =           ext2_access,
        .vop_bmap =             ext2_bmap,
        .vop_old_lookup =       ext2_lookup,
        .vop_close =            ext2_close,
        .vop_old_create =       ext2_create,
        .vop_fsync =            ext2_fsync,
        .vop_getpages =         vop_stdgetpages,
        .vop_putpages =         vop_stdputpages,
        .vop_getattr =          ext2_getattr,
        .vop_inactive =         ext2_inactive,
        .vop_ioctl =            ext2_ioctl,
        .vop_old_link =         ext2_link,
        .vop_old_lookup =       ext2_lookup,
        .vop_old_mkdir =        ext2_mkdir,
        .vop_old_mknod =        ext2_mknod,
        .vop_open =             ext2_open,
        .vop_pathconf =         ext2_pathconf,
        .vop_print =            ext2_print,
        .vop_read =             ext2_read,
        .vop_readdir =          ext2_readdir,
        .vop_readlink =         ext2_readlink,
        .vop_reallocblks =      ext2_reallocblks,
        .vop_reclaim =          ext2_reclaim,
        .vop_old_remove =       ext2_remove,
        .vop_old_rename =       ext2_rename,
        .vop_old_rmdir =        ext2_rmdir,
        .vop_setattr =          ext2_setattr,
        .vop_strategy =         ext2_strategy,
        .vop_old_symlink =      ext2_symlink,
        .vop_write =            ext2_write,
};

struct vop_ops ext2_specops = {
        .vop_default =          vop_defaultop,
        .vop_access =           ext2_access,
        .vop_close =            ext2_close,
        .vop_fsync =            ext2_fsync,
        .vop_getattr =          ext2_getattr,
        .vop_inactive =         ext2_inactive,
        .vop_pathconf =         ext2_pathconf,
        .vop_print =            ext2_print,
        .vop_read =             vop_stdnoread,
        .vop_reclaim =          ext2_reclaim,
        .vop_setattr =          ext2_setattr,
        .vop_write =            vop_stdnowrite
};

struct vop_ops ext2_fifoops = {
        .vop_default =          fifo_vnoperate,
        .vop_access =           ext2_access,
        .vop_close =            ext2fifo_close,
        .vop_fsync =            ext2_fsync,
        .vop_getattr =          ext2_getattr,
        .vop_inactive =         ext2_inactive,
        .vop_kqfilter =         ext2fifo_kqfilter,
        .vop_pathconf =         ext2_pathconf,
        .vop_print =            ext2_print,
        .vop_read =             ext2fifo_read,
        .vop_reclaim =          ext2_reclaim,
        .vop_setattr =          ext2_setattr,
        .vop_write =            ext2fifo_write
};

VNODEOP_SET(ext2_vnodeops);
VNODEOP_SET(ext2_specops);
VNODEOP_SET(ext2_fifoops);