/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993
 *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *      @(#)subr_prf.c  8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94
 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/kern/subr_prf.c,v 1.61.2.5 2002/08/31 18:22:08 dwmalone Exp $
 */

#include "opt_ddb.h"

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/msgbuf.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/caps.h>
#include <sys/tty.h>
#include <sys/tprintf.h>
#include <sys/stdint.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>
#include <sys/cons.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/ctype.h>
#include <sys/eventhandler.h>
#include <sys/kthread.h>
#include <sys/cpu_topology.h>

#include <sys/thread2.h>
#include <sys/spinlock2.h>

#ifdef DDB
#include <ddb/ddb.h>
#endif

/*
 * Note that stdarg.h and the ANSI style va_start macro is used for both
 * ANSI and traditional C compilers.  We use the __ machine version to stay
 * within the kernel header file set.
 */
#include <machine/stdarg.h>

#define TOCONS          0x01
#define TOTTY           0x02
#define TOLOG           0x04
#define TOWAKEUP        0x08
#define TONOSPIN        0x10    /* avoid serialization */

/* Max number conversion buffer length: a u_quad_t in base 2, plus NUL byte. */
#define MAXNBUF (sizeof(intmax_t) * NBBY + 1)

struct putchar_arg {
        int     flags;
        int     pri;
        struct  tty *tty;
};

struct snprintf_arg {
        char    *str;
        size_t  remain;
};

extern  int log_open;

struct  tty *constty;                   /* pointer to console "window" tty */

static void  msglogchar(int c, int pri);
static void  msgaddchar(int c, void *dummy);
static void  kputchar (int ch, void *arg);
static char *ksprintn (char *nbuf, uintmax_t num, int base, int *lenp,
                       int upper);
static void  snprintf_func (int ch, void *arg);

static int consintr = 1;                /* Ok to handle console interrupts? */
static int msgbufmapped;                /* Set when safe to use msgbuf */
static struct spinlock cons_spin = SPINLOCK_INITIALIZER(cons_spin, "cons_spin");
static thread_t constty_td = NULL;

int msgbuftrigger;

static int      log_console_output = 1;
TUNABLE_INT("kern.log_console_output", &log_console_output);
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, log_console_output, CTLFLAG_RW,
    &log_console_output, 0, "Duplicate console output to the syslog");
static int      kprintf_logging = TOLOG | TOCONS;
TUNABLE_INT("kern.kprintf_logging", &kprintf_logging);
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, kprintf_logging, CTLFLAG_RW,
    &kprintf_logging, 0, "kprintf() target bitmask: 0x1=console 0x4=dmesg");

static int ptr_restrict = 0;
TUNABLE_INT("security.ptr_restrict", &ptr_restrict);
SYSCTL_INT(_security, OID_AUTO, ptr_restrict, CTLFLAG_RW, &ptr_restrict, 0,
    "Prevent leaking the kernel pointers back to userland");

static int unprivileged_read_msgbuf = 1;
TUNABLE_INT("security.unprivileged_read_msgbuf", &unprivileged_read_msgbuf);
SYSCTL_INT(_security, OID_AUTO, unprivileged_read_msgbuf, CTLFLAG_RW,
    &unprivileged_read_msgbuf, 0,
    "Unprivileged processes may read the kernel message buffer");

/*
 * Warn that a system table is full.
 */
void
tablefull(const char *tab)
{

        log(LOG_ERR, "%s: table is full\n", tab);
}

/*
 * Uprintf prints to the controlling terminal for the current process.
 */
int
uprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        struct proc *p = curproc;
        __va_list ap;
        struct putchar_arg pca;
        int retval = 0;

        if (p && (p->p_flags & P_CONTROLT) && p->p_session->s_ttyvp) {
                __va_start(ap, fmt);
                pca.tty = p->p_session->s_ttyp;
                pca.flags = TOTTY;

                retval = kvcprintf(fmt, kputchar, &pca, ap);
                __va_end(ap);
        }
        return (retval);
}

tpr_t
tprintf_open(struct proc *p)
{
        if ((p->p_flags & P_CONTROLT) && p->p_session->s_ttyvp) {
                sess_hold(p->p_session);
                return ((tpr_t) p->p_session);
        }
        return (NULL);
}

void
tprintf_close(tpr_t sess)
{
        if (sess)
                sess_rele((struct session *) sess);
}

/*
 * tprintf prints on the controlling terminal associated
 * with the given session.
 */
int
tprintf(tpr_t tpr, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        struct session *sess = (struct session *)tpr;
        struct tty *tp = NULL;
        int flags = TOLOG;
        __va_list ap;
        struct putchar_arg pca;
        int retval;

        if (sess && sess->s_ttyvp && ttycheckoutq(sess->s_ttyp, 0)) {
                flags |= TOTTY;
                tp = sess->s_ttyp;
        }
        __va_start(ap, fmt);
        pca.tty = tp;
        pca.flags = flags;
        pca.pri = LOG_INFO;
        retval = kvcprintf(fmt, kputchar, &pca, ap);
        __va_end(ap);
        msgbuftrigger = 1;
        return (retval);
}

/*
 * Ttyprintf displays a message on a tty; it should be used only by
 * the tty driver, or anything that knows the underlying tty will not
 * be revoke(2)'d away.  Other callers should use tprintf.
 */
int
ttyprintf(struct tty *tp, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        __va_list ap;
        struct putchar_arg pca;
        int retval;

        __va_start(ap, fmt);
        pca.tty = tp;
        pca.flags = TOTTY;
        retval = kvcprintf(fmt, kputchar, &pca, ap);
        __va_end(ap);
        return (retval);
}

/*
 * Log writes to the log buffer, and guarantees not to sleep (so can be
 * called by interrupt routines).  If there is no process reading the
 * log yet, it writes to the console also.
 */
int
log(int level, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        __va_list ap;
        int retval;
        struct putchar_arg pca;

        pca.tty = NULL;
        pca.pri = level;
        if ((kprintf_logging & TOCONS) == 0 || log_open)
                pca.flags = TOLOG;
        else
                pca.flags = TOCONS;

        __va_start(ap, fmt);
        retval = kvcprintf(fmt, kputchar, &pca, ap);
        __va_end(ap);

        msgbuftrigger = 1;
        return (retval);
}

#define CONSCHUNK 128

void
log_console(struct uio *uio)
{
        int c, i, error, iovlen, nl;
        struct uio muio;
        struct iovec *miov = NULL;
        char *consbuffer;
        int pri;

        if (!log_console_output)
                return;

        pri = LOG_INFO | LOG_CONSOLE;
        muio = *uio;
        iovlen = uio->uio_iovcnt * sizeof (struct iovec);
        miov = kmalloc(iovlen, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        consbuffer = kmalloc(CONSCHUNK, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        bcopy((caddr_t)muio.uio_iov, (caddr_t)miov, iovlen);
        muio.uio_iov = miov;
        uio = &muio;

        nl = 0;
        while (uio->uio_resid > 0) {
                c = (int)szmin(uio->uio_resid, CONSCHUNK);
                error = uiomove(consbuffer, (size_t)c, uio);
                if (error != 0)
                        break;
                for (i = 0; i < c; i++) {
                        msglogchar(consbuffer[i], pri);
                        if (consbuffer[i] == '\n')
                                nl = 1;
                        else
                                nl = 0;
                }
        }
        if (!nl)
                msglogchar('\n', pri);
        msgbuftrigger = 1;
        kfree(miov, M_TEMP);
        kfree(consbuffer, M_TEMP);
        return;
}

/*
 * Output to the console.
 */
int
kprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
        __va_list ap;
        int savintr;
        struct putchar_arg pca;
        int retval;

        savintr = consintr;             /* disable interrupts */
        consintr = 0;
        __va_start(ap, fmt);
        pca.tty = NULL;
        pca.flags = kprintf_logging & ~TOTTY;
        pca.pri = -1;
        retval = kvcprintf(fmt, kputchar, &pca, ap);
        __va_end(ap);
        if (!panicstr)
                msgbuftrigger = 1;
        consintr = savintr;             /* reenable interrupts */
        return (retval);
}

int
kvprintf(const char *fmt, __va_list ap)
{
        int savintr;
        struct putchar_arg pca;
        int retval;

        savintr = consintr;             /* disable interrupts */
        consintr = 0;
        pca.tty = NULL;
        pca.flags = kprintf_logging & ~TOTTY;
        pca.pri = -1;
        retval = kvcprintf(fmt, kputchar, &pca, ap);
        if (!panicstr)
                msgbuftrigger = 1;
        consintr = savintr;             /* reenable interrupts */
        return (retval);
}

/*
 * Limited rate kprintf.  The passed rate structure must be initialized
 * with the desired reporting frequency.  A frequency of 0 will result in
 * no output.
 *
 * count may be initialized to a negative number to allow an initial
 * burst.
 *
 * Returns 0 if it did not issue the printf, non-zero if it did.
 */
int
krateprintf(struct krate *rate, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        __va_list ap;
        int res;

        if (rate->ticks != (int)time_uptime) {
                rate->ticks = (int)time_uptime;
                if (rate->count > 0)
                        rate->count = 0;
        }
        if (rate->count < rate->freq) {
                ++rate->count;
                __va_start(ap, fmt);
                kvprintf(fmt, ap);
                __va_end(ap);
                res = 1;
        } else {
                res = 0;
        }
        return res;
}

/*
 * Print a character to the dmesg log, the console, and/or the user's
 * terminal.
 *
 * NOTE: TOTTY does not require nonblocking operation, but TOCONS
 *       and TOLOG do.  When we have a constty we still output to
 *       the real console but we have a monitoring thread which
 *       we wakeup which tracks the log.
 */
static void
kputchar(int c, void *arg)
{
        struct putchar_arg *ap = (struct putchar_arg*) arg;
        int flags = ap->flags;
        struct tty *tp = ap->tty;

        if (panicstr)
                constty = NULL;
        if ((flags & TOCONS) && tp == NULL && constty)
                flags |= TOLOG | TOWAKEUP;
        if ((flags & TOTTY) && tputchar(c, tp) < 0)
                ap->flags &= ~TOTTY;
        if ((flags & TOLOG))
                msglogchar(c, ap->pri);
        if ((flags & TOCONS) && c)
                cnputc(c);
        if ((flags & TOWAKEUP) && mycpu->gd_intr_nesting_level == 0)
                wakeup(constty_td);
}

/*
 * Scaled down version of sprintf(3).
 */
int
ksprintf(char *buf, const char *cfmt, ...)
{
        int retval;
        __va_list ap;

        __va_start(ap, cfmt);
        retval = kvcprintf(cfmt, NULL, buf, ap);
        buf[retval] = '\0';
        __va_end(ap);
        return (retval);
}

/*
 * Scaled down version of vsprintf(3).
 */
int
kvsprintf(char *buf, const char *cfmt, __va_list ap)
{
        int retval;

        retval = kvcprintf(cfmt, NULL, buf, ap);
        buf[retval] = '\0';
        return (retval);
}

/*
 * Scaled down version of snprintf(3).
 */
int
ksnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
{
        int retval;
        __va_list ap;

        __va_start(ap, format);
        retval = kvsnprintf(str, size, format, ap);
        __va_end(ap);
        return(retval);
}

/*
 * Scaled down version of vsnprintf(3).
 */
int
kvsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, __va_list ap)
{
        struct snprintf_arg info;
        int retval;

        info.str = str;
        info.remain = size;
        retval = kvcprintf(format, snprintf_func, &info, ap);
        if (info.remain >= 1)
                *info.str++ = '\0';
        return (retval);
}

int
kvasnprintf(char **strp, size_t size, const char *format, __va_list ap)
{
        struct snprintf_arg info;
        int retval;

        *strp = kmalloc(size, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
        info.str = *strp;
        info.remain = size;
        retval = kvcprintf(format, snprintf_func, &info, ap);
        if (info.remain >= 1)
                *info.str++ = '\0';
        return (retval);
}

void
kvasfree(char **strp)
{
        if (*strp) {
                kfree(*strp, M_TEMP);
                *strp = NULL;
        }
}

static void
snprintf_func(int ch, void *arg)
{
        struct snprintf_arg *const info = arg;

        if (info->remain >= 2) {
                *info->str++ = ch;
                info->remain--;
        }
}

/*
 * Put a NUL-terminated ASCII number (base <= 36) in a buffer in reverse
 * order; return an optional length and a pointer to the last character
 * written in the buffer (i.e., the first character of the string).
 * The buffer pointed to by `nbuf' must have length >= MAXNBUF.
 */
static char *
ksprintn(char *nbuf, uintmax_t num, int base, int *lenp, int upper)
{
        char *p, c;

        p = nbuf;
        *p = '\0';
        do {
                c = hex2ascii(num % base);
                *++p = upper ? toupper(c) : c;
        } while (num /= base);
        if (lenp)
                *lenp = p - nbuf;
        return (p);
}

/*
 * Scaled down version of printf(3).
 *
 * Two additional formats:
 *
 * The format %pb%i is supported to decode error registers.
 * Its usage is:
 *
 *      kprintf("reg=%pb%i\n", "<base><arg>*", regval);
 *
 * where <base> is the output base expressed as a control character, e.g.
 * \10 gives octal; \20 gives hex.  Each arg is a sequence of characters,
 * the first of which gives the bit number to be inspected (origin 1), and
 * the next characters (up to a control character, i.e. a character <= 32),
 * give the name of the register.  Thus:
 *
 *      kvcprintf("reg=%pb%i\n", "\10\2BITTWO\1BITONE\n", 3);
 *
 * would produce output:
 *
 *      reg=3<BITTWO,BITONE>
 */

#define PCHAR(c) {int cc=(c); if(func) (*func)(cc,arg); else *d++=cc; retval++;}

int
kvcprintf(char const *fmt, void (*func)(int, void*), void *arg, __va_list ap)
{
        char nbuf[MAXNBUF];
        char *d;
        const char *p, *percent, *q;
        int ch, n;
        uintmax_t num;
        int base, tmp, width, ladjust, sharpflag, spaceflag, neg, sign, dot;
        int cflag, hflag, jflag, lflag, qflag, tflag, zflag;
        int dwidth, upper;
        char padc;
        int retval = 0, stop = 0;
        int usespin;
        int ddb_active;

#ifdef DDB
        ddb_active = db_active;
#else
        ddb_active = 0;
#endif

        num = 0;
        if (!func)
                d = (char *) arg;
        else
                d = NULL;

        if (fmt == NULL)
                fmt = "(fmt null)\n";

        /*
         * For kputchar just straight-out don't spin, even if it means losing
         * output from several cpu's posting at the same time.  This allows
         * us to call debugging / warning kprintf()s from the likes of
         * the Xinvltlb hard interrupt which ignore critical sections.
         *
         * This also avoids deadlocking on nested kprintf()s.
         */
        usespin = (func == kputchar &&
                   (kprintf_logging & TONOSPIN) == 0 &&
                   panic_cpu_gd != mycpu &&
                   (((struct putchar_arg *)arg)->flags & TOTTY) == 0);
        if (usespin) {
                crit_enter_hard();
                if (spin_trylock(&cons_spin) == 0) {
                        goto headoncrash;       /* failed */
                }
        }

        for (;;) {
                padc = ' ';
                width = 0;
                while ((ch = (u_char)*fmt++) != '%' || stop) {
                        if (ch == '\0')
                                goto done;
                        PCHAR(ch);
                }
                percent = fmt - 1;
                dot = dwidth = ladjust = neg = sharpflag = sign = upper = 0;
                spaceflag = 0;
                cflag = hflag = jflag = lflag = qflag = tflag = zflag = 0;

reswitch:
                switch (ch = (u_char)*fmt++) {
                case ' ':
                        spaceflag = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case '.':
                        dot = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case '#':
                        sharpflag = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case '+':
                        sign = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case '-':
                        ladjust = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case '%':
                        PCHAR(ch);
                        break;
                case '*':
                        if (!dot) {
                                width = __va_arg(ap, int);
                                if (width < 0) {
                                        ladjust = !ladjust;
                                        width = -width;
                                }
                        } else {
                                dwidth = __va_arg(ap, int);
                        }
                        goto reswitch;
                case '0':
                        if (!dot) {
                                padc = '0';
                                goto reswitch;
                        }
                case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
                case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
                                for (n = 0;; ++fmt) {
                                        n = n * 10 + ch - '0';
                                        ch = *fmt;
                                        if (ch < '0' || ch > '9')
                                                break;
                                }
                        if (dot)
                                dwidth = n;
                        else
                                width = n;
                        goto reswitch;
                case 'c':
                        PCHAR(__va_arg(ap, int));
                        break;
                case 'd':
                case 'i':
                        base = 10;
                        sign = 1;
                        goto handle_sign;
                case 'h':
                        if (hflag) {
                                hflag = 0;
                                cflag = 1;
                        } else
                                hflag = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case 'j':
                        jflag = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case 'l':
                        if (lflag) {
                                lflag = 0;
                                qflag = 1;
                        } else
                                lflag = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case 'n':
                        if (cflag)
                                *(__va_arg(ap, char *)) = retval;
                        else if (hflag)
                                *(__va_arg(ap, short *)) = retval;
                        else if (jflag)
                                *(__va_arg(ap, intmax_t *)) = retval;
                        else if (lflag)
                                *(__va_arg(ap, long *)) = retval;
                        else if (qflag)
                                *(__va_arg(ap, quad_t *)) = retval;
                        else
                                *(__va_arg(ap, int *)) = retval;
                        break;
                case 'o':
                        base = 8;
                        goto handle_nosign;
                case 'p':
                        /* peek if this is a /b/ hiding as /p/ or not */
                        if (fmt[0] == 'b' && fmt[1] == '%' && fmt[2] == 'i') {
                                fmt += 3; /* consume "b%i" */
                                p = __va_arg(ap, char *);
                                num = (u_int)__va_arg(ap, int);
                                for (q = ksprintn(nbuf, num, *p++, NULL, 0);*q;)
                                        PCHAR(*q--);

                                if (num == 0)
                                        break;

                                for (tmp = 0; *p;) {
                                        n = *p++;
                                        if (num & (1 << (n - 1))) {
                                                PCHAR(tmp ? ',' : '<');
                                                for (; (n = *p) > ' '; ++p)
                                                        PCHAR(n);
                                                tmp = 1;
                                        } else {
                                                for (; *p > ' '; ++p)
                                                        continue;
                                        }
                                }
                                if (tmp)
                                        PCHAR('>');
                                break;
                        }
                        base = 16;
                        sharpflag = (width == 0);
                        sign = 0;
                        num = (uintptr_t)__va_arg(ap, void *);
                        if (ptr_restrict && fmt[0] != 'x' &&
                            !(panicstr || dumping || ddb_active)) {
                                if (ptr_restrict == 1) {
                                        /* zero out upper bits */
                                        num &= 0xffffffUL;
                                } else {
                                        num = 0xc0ffee;
                                }
                        }
                        goto number;
                case 'q':
                        qflag = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case 's':
                        p = __va_arg(ap, char *);
                        if (p == NULL)
                                p = "(null)";
                        if (!dot)
                                n = strlen (p);
                        else
                                for (n = 0; n < dwidth && p[n]; n++)
                                        continue;

                        width -= n;

                        if (!ladjust && width > 0)
                                while (width--)
                                        PCHAR(padc);
                        while (n--)
                                PCHAR(*p++);
                        if (ladjust && width > 0)
                                while (width--)
                                        PCHAR(padc);
                        break;
                case 't':
                        tflag = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
                case 'u':
                        base = 10;
                        goto handle_nosign;
                case 'X':
                        upper = 1;
                        /* FALLTHROUGH */
                case 'x':
                        base = 16;
                        goto handle_nosign;
                case 'z':
                        zflag = 1;
                        goto reswitch;
handle_nosign:
                        sign = 0;
                        if (cflag)
                                num = (u_char)__va_arg(ap, int);
                        else if (hflag)
                                num = (u_short)__va_arg(ap, int);
                        else if (jflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, uintmax_t);
                        else if (lflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, u_long);
                        else if (qflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, u_quad_t);
                        else if (tflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t);
                        else if (zflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, size_t);
                        else
                                num = __va_arg(ap, u_int);
                        goto number;
handle_sign:
                        if (cflag)
                                num = (char)__va_arg(ap, int);
                        else if (hflag)
                                num = (short)__va_arg(ap, int);
                        else if (jflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, intmax_t);
                        else if (lflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, long);
                        else if (qflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, quad_t);
                        else if (tflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, ptrdiff_t);
                        else if (zflag)
                                num = __va_arg(ap, ssize_t);
                        else
                                num = __va_arg(ap, int);
number:
                        if (sign && (intmax_t)num < 0) {
                                neg = 1;
                                num = -(intmax_t)num;
                        }
                        p = ksprintn(nbuf, num, base, &n, upper);
                        tmp = 0;
                        if (sharpflag && num != 0) {
                                if (base == 8)
                                        tmp++;
                                else if (base == 16)
                                        tmp += 2;
                        }
                        if (neg || (sign && spaceflag))
                                tmp++;

                        if (!ladjust && padc == '0')
                                dwidth = width - tmp;
                        width -= tmp + imax(dwidth, n);
                        dwidth -= n;
                        if (!ladjust)
                                while (width-- > 0)
                                        PCHAR(' ');
                        if (neg) {
                                PCHAR('-');
                        } else if (sign && spaceflag) {
                                PCHAR(' ');
                        }
                        if (sharpflag && num != 0) {
                                if (base == 8) {
                                        PCHAR('0');
                                } else if (base == 16) {
                                        PCHAR('0');
                                        PCHAR('x');
                                }
                        }
                        while (dwidth-- > 0)
                                PCHAR('0');

                        while (*p)
                                PCHAR(*p--);

                        if (ladjust)
                                while (width-- > 0)
                                        PCHAR(' ');

                        break;
                default:
                        while (percent < fmt)
                                PCHAR(*percent++);
                        /*
                         * Since we ignore an formatting argument it is no 
                         * longer safe to obey the remaining formatting
                         * arguments as the arguments will no longer match
                         * the format specs.
                         */
                        stop = 1;
                        break;
                }
        }
done:
        /*
         * Cleanup reentrancy issues.
         */
        if (usespin) {
                spin_unlock(&cons_spin);
headoncrash:
                crit_exit_hard();
        }
        return (retval);
}

#undef PCHAR

/*
 * Called from the panic code to try to get the console working
 * again in case we paniced inside a kprintf().
 */
void
kvcreinitspin(void)
{
        spin_init(&cons_spin, "kvcre");
}

/*
 * Console support thread for constty intercepts.  This is needed because
 * console tty intercepts can block.  Instead of having kputchar() attempt
 * to directly write to the console intercept we just force it to log
 * and wakeup this baby to track and dump the log to constty.
 */
static void
constty_daemon(void)
{
        u_int rindex;
        u_int xindex;
        u_int n;
        struct msgbuf *mbp;
        struct tty *tp;

        EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(shutdown_pre_sync, shutdown_kproc,
                              constty_td, SHUTDOWN_PRI_FIRST);
        constty_td->td_flags |= TDF_SYSTHREAD;

        mbp = msgbufp;
        rindex = mbp->msg_bufr;         /* persistent loop variable */
        xindex = mbp->msg_bufx - 1;     /* anything different than bufx */
        cpu_ccfence();

        for (;;) {
                kproc_suspend_loop();

                crit_enter();
                if (mbp != msgbufp)
                        mbp = msgbufp;
                if (xindex == mbp->msg_bufx ||
                    mbp == NULL ||
                    msgbufmapped == 0) {
                        tsleep(constty_td, 0, "waiting", hz);
                        crit_exit();
                        continue;
                }
                crit_exit();

                /*
                 * Get message buf FIFO indices.  rindex is tracking.
                 */
                xindex = mbp->msg_bufx;
                cpu_ccfence();
                if ((tp = constty) == NULL) {
                        rindex = xindex;
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * Check if the calculated bytes has rolled the whole
                 * message buffer.
                 */
                n = xindex - rindex;
                if (n > mbp->msg_size - 1024) {
                        rindex = xindex - mbp->msg_size + 2048;
                        n = xindex - rindex;
                }

                /*
                 * And dump it.  If constty gets stuck will give up.
                 */
                while (rindex != xindex) {
                        u_int ri = rindex % mbp->msg_size;
                        if (tputchar((uint8_t)mbp->msg_ptr[ri], tp) < 0) {
                                constty = NULL;
                                rindex = xindex;
                                break;
                        }
                        if (tp->t_outq.c_cc >= tp->t_ohiwat) {
                                tsleep(constty_daemon, 0, "blocked", hz / 10);
                                if (tp->t_outq.c_cc >= tp->t_ohiwat) {
                                        rindex = xindex;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                        ++rindex;
                }
        }
}

static struct kproc_desc constty_kp = {
        "consttyd",
        constty_daemon,
        &constty_td
};
SYSINIT(bufdaemon, SI_SUB_KTHREAD_UPDATE, SI_ORDER_ANY,
        kproc_start, &constty_kp);

/*
 * Put character in log buffer with a particular priority.
 *
 * MPSAFE, HARD INTERRUPT SAFE, NESTING SAFE
 * CRITICAL SECTIONS MIGHT BE IGNORED!  MUST NOT USE NORMAL
 * SPIN_LOCK MECHANISMS.
 */
static void
msglogchar(int c, int pri)
{
        static int lastpri = -1;
        static int dangling;
        char nbuf[MAXNBUF];
        char *p;

        if (!msgbufmapped)
                return;
        if (c == '\0' || c == '\r')
                return;
        if (pri != -1 && pri != lastpri) {
                if (dangling) {
                        msgaddchar('\n', NULL);
                        dangling = 0;
                }
                msgaddchar('<', NULL);
                for (p = ksprintn(nbuf, (uintmax_t)pri, 10, NULL, 0); *p;)
                        msgaddchar(*p--, NULL);
                msgaddchar('>', NULL);
                lastpri = pri;
        }
        msgaddchar(c, NULL);
        if (c == '\n') {
                dangling = 0;
                lastpri = -1;
        } else {
                dangling = 1;
        }
}

/*
 * Put char in log buffer.   Make sure nothing blows up beyond repair if
 * we have an MP race.
 *
 * MPSAFE, HARD INTERRUPT SAFE, NESTING SAFE
 * CRITICAL SECTIONS MIGHT BE IGNORED!  MUST NOT USE NORMAL
 * SPIN_LOCK MECHANISMS.
 */
static void
msgaddchar(int c, void *dummy)
{
        struct msgbuf *mbp;
        u_int lindex;
        u_int rindex;
        u_int xindex;
        u_int n;

        if (!msgbufmapped)
                return;
        mbp = msgbufp;
        lindex = mbp->msg_bufl;
        rindex = mbp->msg_bufr;
        xindex = mbp->msg_bufx++;       /* Allow SMP race */
        cpu_ccfence();

        mbp->msg_ptr[xindex % mbp->msg_size] = c;
        n = xindex - lindex;
        if (n > mbp->msg_size - 1024) {
                lindex = xindex - mbp->msg_size + 2048;
                cpu_ccfence();
                mbp->msg_bufl = lindex;
        }
        n = xindex - rindex;
        if (n > mbp->msg_size - 1024) {
                rindex = xindex - mbp->msg_size + 2048;
                cpu_ccfence();
                mbp->msg_bufr = rindex;
        }
}

static void
msgbufcopy(struct msgbuf *oldp)
{
        u_int rindex;
        u_int xindex;
        u_int n;

        rindex = oldp->msg_bufr;
        xindex = oldp->msg_bufx;
        cpu_ccfence();

        n = xindex - rindex;
        if (n > oldp->msg_size - 1024)
                rindex = xindex - oldp->msg_size + 2048;
        while (rindex != xindex) {
                msglogchar(oldp->msg_ptr[rindex % oldp->msg_size], -1);
                ++rindex;
        }
}

void
msgbufinit(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
        char *cp;
        static struct msgbuf *oldp = NULL;

        size -= sizeof(*msgbufp);
        cp = (char *)ptr;
        msgbufp = (struct msgbuf *) (cp + size);
        if (msgbufp->msg_magic != MSG_MAGIC || msgbufp->msg_size != size) {
                bzero(cp, size);
                bzero(msgbufp, sizeof(*msgbufp));
                msgbufp->msg_magic = MSG_MAGIC;
                msgbufp->msg_size = (char *)msgbufp - cp;
        }
        msgbufp->msg_ptr = cp;
        if (msgbufmapped && oldp != msgbufp)
                msgbufcopy(oldp);
        cpu_mfence();
        msgbufmapped = 1;
        oldp = msgbufp;
}

/* Sysctls for accessing/clearing the msgbuf */

static int
sysctl_kern_msgbuf(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
        struct msgbuf *mbp;
        struct ucred *cred;
        int error;
        u_int rindex_modulo;
        u_int xindex_modulo;
        u_int rindex;
        u_int xindex;
        u_int n;

        /*
         * Only wheel or root can access the message log.
         */
        if (unprivileged_read_msgbuf == 0) {
                KKASSERT(req->td->td_proc);
                cred = req->td->td_proc->p_ucred;

                if ((cred->cr_prison || groupmember(0, cred) == 0) &&
                    caps_priv_check_td(req->td, SYSCAP_RESTRICTEDROOT) != 0)
                {
                        return (EPERM);
                }
        }

        /*
         * Unwind the buffer, so that it's linear (possibly starting with
         * some initial nulls).
         *
         * We don't push the entire buffer like we did before because
         * bufr (and bufl) now advance in chunks when the fifo is full,
         * rather than one character.
         */
        mbp = msgbufp;
        rindex = mbp->msg_bufr;
        xindex = mbp->msg_bufx;
        n = xindex - rindex;
        if (n > mbp->msg_size - 1024) {
                rindex = xindex - mbp->msg_size + 2048;
                n = xindex - rindex;
        }
        rindex_modulo = rindex % mbp->msg_size;
        xindex_modulo = xindex % mbp->msg_size;

        if (rindex_modulo < xindex_modulo) {
                /*
                 * Can handle in one linear section.
                 */
                error = sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp,
                                             mbp->msg_ptr + rindex_modulo,
                                             xindex_modulo - rindex_modulo,
                                             req);
        } else if (rindex_modulo == xindex_modulo) {
                /*
                 * Empty buffer, just return a single newline
                 */
                error = sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp, "\n", 1, req);
        } else if (n <= mbp->msg_size - rindex_modulo) {
                /*
                 * Can handle in one linear section.
                 */
                error = sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp,
                                             mbp->msg_ptr + rindex_modulo,
                                             n - rindex_modulo,
                                             req);
        } else {
                /*
                 * Glue together two linear sections into one contiguous
                 * output.
                 */
                error = sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp,
                                             mbp->msg_ptr + rindex_modulo,
                                             mbp->msg_size - rindex_modulo,
                                             req);
                n -= mbp->msg_size - rindex_modulo;
                if (error == 0)
                        error = sysctl_handle_opaque(oidp, mbp->msg_ptr,
                                                     n, req);
        }
        return (error);
}

SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, msgbuf, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD,
    0, 0, sysctl_kern_msgbuf, "A", "Contents of kernel message buffer");

static int msgbuf_clear;

static int
sysctl_kern_msgbuf_clear(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
        int error;
        error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, oidp->oid_arg1, oidp->oid_arg2, req);
        if (!error && req->newptr) {
                /* Clear the buffer and reset write pointer */
                msgbufp->msg_bufr = msgbufp->msg_bufx;
                msgbufp->msg_bufl = msgbufp->msg_bufx;
                bzero(msgbufp->msg_ptr, msgbufp->msg_size);
                msgbuf_clear = 0;
        }
        return (error);
}

SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, msgbuf_clear,
    CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_SECURE, &msgbuf_clear, 0,
    sysctl_kern_msgbuf_clear, "I", "Clear kernel message buffer");

#ifdef DDB

DB_SHOW_COMMAND(msgbuf, db_show_msgbuf)
{
        u_int rindex;
        u_int i;
        u_int j;

        if (!msgbufmapped) {
                db_printf("msgbuf not mapped yet\n");
                return;
        }
        db_printf("msgbufp = %p\n", msgbufp);
        db_printf("magic = %x, size = %d, r= %d, w = %d, ptr = %p\n",
                  msgbufp->msg_magic, msgbufp->msg_size,
                  msgbufp->msg_bufr % msgbufp->msg_size,
                  msgbufp->msg_bufx % msgbufp->msg_size,
                  msgbufp->msg_ptr);

        rindex = msgbufp->msg_bufr;
        for (i = 0; i < msgbufp->msg_size; i++) {
                j = (i + rindex) % msgbufp->msg_size;
                db_printf("%c", msgbufp->msg_ptr[j]);
        }
        db_printf("\n");
}

#endif /* DDB */


void
hexdump(const void *ptr, int length, const char *hdr, int flags)
{
        int i, j, k;
        int cols;
        const unsigned char *cp;
        char delim;

        if ((flags & HD_DELIM_MASK) != 0)
                delim = (flags & HD_DELIM_MASK) >> 8;
        else
                delim = ' ';

        if ((flags & HD_COLUMN_MASK) != 0)
                cols = flags & HD_COLUMN_MASK;
        else
                cols = 16;

        cp = ptr;
        for (i = 0; i < length; i+= cols) {
                if (hdr != NULL)
                        kprintf("%s", hdr);

                if ((flags & HD_OMIT_COUNT) == 0)
                        kprintf("%04x  ", i);

                if ((flags & HD_OMIT_HEX) == 0) {
                        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                                k = i + j;
                                if (k < length)
                                        kprintf("%c%02x", delim, cp[k]);
                                else
                                        kprintf("   ");
                        }
                }

                if ((flags & HD_OMIT_CHARS) == 0) {
                        kprintf("  |");
                        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
                                k = i + j;
                                if (k >= length)
                                        kprintf(" ");
                                else if (cp[k] >= ' ' && cp[k] <= '~')
                                        kprintf("%c", cp[k]);
                                else
                                        kprintf(".");
                        }
                        kprintf("|");
                }
                kprintf("\n");
        }
}

void
kprint_cpuset(cpumask_t *mask)
{
        int i;
        int b = -1;
        int e = -1;
        int more = 0;

        kprintf("cpus(");
        CPUSET_FOREACH(i, *mask) {
                if (b < 0) {
                        b = i;
                        e = b + 1;
                        continue;
                }
                if (e == i) {
                        ++e;
                        continue;
                }
                if (more)
                        kprintf(", ");
                if (b == e - 1) {
                        kprintf("%d", b);
                } else {
                        kprintf("%d-%d", b, e - 1);
                }
                more = 1;
                b = i;
                e = b + 1;
        }
        if (more)
                kprintf(", ");
        if (b >= 0) {
                if (b == e - 1) {
                        kprintf("%d", b);
                } else {
                        kprintf("%d-%d", b, e - 1);
                }
        }
        kprintf(") ");
}