root/test/stress/fsstress/fsstress.c
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000 Silicon Graphics, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
 * 
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * 
 * Further, this software is distributed without any warranty that it is
 * free of the rightful claim of any third person regarding infringement
 * or the like.  Any license provided herein, whether implied or
 * otherwise, applies only to this software file.  Patent licenses, if
 * any, provided herein do not apply to combinations of this program with
 * other software, or any other product whatsoever.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
 * Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston MA 02111-1307, USA.
 * 
 * Contact information: Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy,
 * Mountain View, CA  94043, or:
 * 
 * http://www.sgi.com 
 * 
 * For further information regarding this notice, see: 
 * 
 * http://oss.sgi.com/projects/GenInfo/SGIGPLNoticeExplan/
 */
/*
 * $DragonFly: src/test/stress/fsstress/fsstress.c,v 1.2 2008/06/05 18:06:33 swildner Exp $
 */

#include "global.h"

#define XFS_ERRTAG_MAX          17

typedef enum {
#ifndef NO_XFS
        OP_ALLOCSP,
        OP_ATTR_REMOVE,
        OP_ATTR_SET,
        OP_BULKSTAT,
        OP_BULKSTAT1,
#endif
        OP_CHOWN,
        OP_CREAT,
        OP_DREAD,
        OP_DWRITE,
        OP_FDATASYNC,
#ifndef NO_XFS  
        OP_FREESP,
#endif  
        OP_FSYNC,
        OP_GETDENTS,
        OP_LINK,
        OP_MKDIR,
        OP_MKNOD,
        OP_READ,
        OP_READLINK,
        OP_RENAME,
#ifndef NO_XFS  
        OP_RESVSP,
#endif  
        OP_RMDIR,
        OP_STAT,
        OP_SYMLINK,
        OP_SYNC,
        OP_TRUNCATE,
        OP_UNLINK,
#ifndef NO_XFS  
        OP_UNRESVSP,
#endif  
        OP_WRITE,
        OP_LAST
} opty_t;

typedef void (*opfnc_t)(int, long);

typedef struct opdesc {
        opty_t  op;
        char    *name;
        opfnc_t func;
        int     freq;
        int     iswrite;
        int     isxfs; 
} opdesc_t;

typedef struct fent {
        int     id;
        int     parent;
} fent_t;

typedef struct flist {
        int     nfiles;
        int     nslots;
        int     tag;
        fent_t  *fents;
} flist_t;

typedef struct pathname {
        int     len;
        char    *path;
} pathname_t;

#define FT_DIR  0
#define FT_DIRm (1 << FT_DIR)
#define FT_REG  1
#define FT_REGm (1 << FT_REG)
#define FT_SYM  2
#define FT_SYMm (1 << FT_SYM)
#define FT_DEV  3
#define FT_DEVm (1 << FT_DEV)
#define FT_RTF  4
#define FT_RTFm (1 << FT_RTF)
#define FT_nft  5
#define FT_ANYm ((1 << FT_nft) - 1)
#define FT_REGFILE      (FT_REGm | FT_RTFm)
#define FT_NOTDIR       (FT_ANYm & ~FT_DIRm)

#define FLIST_SLOT_INCR 16
#define NDCACHE 64

#define MAXFSIZE        ((1ULL << 63) - 1ULL)
#define MAXFSIZE32      ((1ULL << 40) - 1ULL)

void    allocsp_f(int, long);
void    attr_remove_f(int, long);
void    attr_set_f(int, long);
void    bulkstat_f(int, long);
void    bulkstat1_f(int, long);
void    chown_f(int, long);
void    creat_f(int, long);
void    dread_f(int, long);
void    dwrite_f(int, long);
void    fdatasync_f(int, long);
void    freesp_f(int, long);
void    fsync_f(int, long);
void    getdents_f(int, long);
void    link_f(int, long);
void    mkdir_f(int, long);
void    mknod_f(int, long);
void    read_f(int, long);
void    readlink_f(int, long);
void    rename_f(int, long);
void    resvsp_f(int, long);
void    rmdir_f(int, long);
void    stat_f(int, long);
void    symlink_f(int, long);
void    sync_f(int, long);
void    truncate_f(int, long);
void    unlink_f(int, long);
void    unresvsp_f(int, long);
void    write_f(int, long);

opdesc_t        ops[] = {
#ifndef NO_XFS
        { OP_ALLOCSP, "allocsp", allocsp_f, 1, 1, 1 },
        { OP_ATTR_REMOVE, "attr_remove", attr_remove_f, /* 1 */ 0, 1, 1 },
        { OP_ATTR_SET, "attr_set", attr_set_f, /* 2 */ 0, 1, 1 },
        { OP_BULKSTAT, "bulkstat", bulkstat_f, 1, 0, 1 },
        { OP_BULKSTAT1, "bulkstat1", bulkstat1_f, 1, 0, 1 },
#endif
        { OP_CHOWN, "chown", chown_f, 3, 1 },
        { OP_CREAT, "creat", creat_f, 4, 1 },
        { OP_DREAD, "dread", dread_f, 4, 0 },
        { OP_DWRITE, "dwrite", dwrite_f, 4, 1 },
        { OP_FDATASYNC, "fdatasync", fdatasync_f, 1, 1 },
#ifndef NO_XFS
        { OP_FREESP, "freesp", freesp_f, 1, 1, 1 },
#endif
        { OP_FSYNC, "fsync", fsync_f, 1, 1 },
        { OP_GETDENTS, "getdents", getdents_f, 1, 0 },
        { OP_LINK, "link", link_f, 1, 1 },
        { OP_MKDIR, "mkdir", mkdir_f, 2, 1 },
        { OP_MKNOD, "mknod", mknod_f, 2, 1 },
        { OP_READ, "read", read_f, 1, 0 },
        { OP_READLINK, "readlink", readlink_f, 1, 0 },
        { OP_RENAME, "rename", rename_f, 2, 1 },
#ifndef NO_XFS
        { OP_RESVSP, "resvsp", resvsp_f, 1, 1, 1 },
#endif
        { OP_RMDIR, "rmdir", rmdir_f, 1, 1 },
        { OP_STAT, "stat", stat_f, 1, 0 },
        { OP_SYMLINK, "symlink", symlink_f, 2, 1 },
        { OP_SYNC, "sync", sync_f, 1, 0 },
        { OP_TRUNCATE, "truncate", truncate_f, 2, 1 },
        { OP_UNLINK, "unlink", unlink_f, 1, 1 },
#ifndef NO_XFS
        { OP_UNRESVSP, "unresvsp", unresvsp_f, 1, 1, 1 },
#endif
        { OP_WRITE, "write", write_f, 4, 1 },
}, *ops_end;

flist_t flist[FT_nft] = {
        { 0, 0, 'd', NULL },
        { 0, 0, 'f', NULL },
        { 0, 0, 'l', NULL },
        { 0, 0, 'c', NULL },
        { 0, 0, 'r', NULL },
};

int             dcache[NDCACHE];
int             errrange;
int             errtag;
opty_t          *freq_table;
int             freq_table_size;
#ifndef NO_XFS
xfs_fsop_geom_t geom;
#endif
char            *homedir;
int             *ilist;
int             ilistlen;
off64_t         maxfsize;
char            *myprog;
int             namerand;
int             nameseq;
int             nops;
int             nproc = 1;
int             operations = 1;
int             procid;
int             rtpct;
unsigned long   seed = 0;
ino_t           top_ino;
int             verbose = 0;
#ifndef NO_XFS
int no_xfs = 0;
#else
int no_xfs = 1;
#endif

void    add_to_flist(int, int, int);
void    append_pathname(pathname_t *, char *);
#ifndef NO_XFS
int     attr_list_path(pathname_t *, char *, const int, int,
                       attrlist_cursor_t *);
int     attr_remove_path(pathname_t *, const char *, int);
int     attr_set_path(pathname_t *, const char *, const char *, const int, int);
#endif
void    check_cwd(void);
int     creat_path(pathname_t *, mode_t);
void    dcache_enter(int, int);
void    dcache_init(void);
fent_t  *dcache_lookup(int);
void    dcache_purge(int);
void    del_from_flist(int, int);
int     dirid_to_name(char *, int);
void    doproc(void);
void    fent_to_name(pathname_t *, flist_t *, fent_t *);
void    fix_parent(int, int);
void    free_pathname(pathname_t *);
int     generate_fname(fent_t *, int, pathname_t *, int *, int *);
int     get_fname(int, long, pathname_t *, flist_t **, fent_t **, int *);
void    init_pathname(pathname_t *);
int     lchown_path(pathname_t *, uid_t, gid_t);
int     link_path(pathname_t *, pathname_t *);
int     lstat64_path(pathname_t *, struct stat64 *);
void    make_freq_table(void);
int     mkdir_path(pathname_t *, mode_t);
int     mknod_path(pathname_t *, mode_t, dev_t);
void    namerandpad(int, char *, int);
int     open_path(pathname_t *, int);
DIR     *opendir_path(pathname_t *);
void    process_freq(char *);
int     readlink_path(pathname_t *, char *, size_t);
int     rename_path(pathname_t *, pathname_t *);
int     rmdir_path(pathname_t *);
void    separate_pathname(pathname_t *, char *, pathname_t *);
void    show_ops(int, char *);
int     stat64_path(pathname_t *, struct stat64 *);
int     symlink_path(const char *, pathname_t *);
int     truncate64_path(pathname_t *, off64_t);
int     unlink_path(pathname_t *);
void    usage(void);
void    write_freq(void);
void    zero_freq(void);

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        char            buf[10];
        int             c;
        char            *dirname = NULL;
        int             fd;
        int             i;
#ifndef NO_XFS  
        int             j;
        ptrdiff_t       srval;
#endif
        char            *p;
        int             stat;
        struct timeval  t;
        int             nousage=0;
#ifndef NO_XFS          
        xfs_error_injection_t   err_inj;
#endif  

        errrange = errtag = 0;
        umask(0);
        nops = sizeof(ops) / sizeof(ops[0]);
        ops_end = &ops[nops];
        myprog = argv[0];
        while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "d:e:f:i:n:p:rs:vwzHSX")) != -1) {
                switch (c) {
                case 'd':
                        dirname = optarg;
                        break;
                case 'e':
                        sscanf(optarg, "%d", &errtag);
                        if (errtag < 0) {
                                errtag = -errtag;
                                errrange = 1;
                        } else if (errtag == 0)
                                errtag = -1;
                        if (errtag >= XFS_ERRTAG_MAX) {
                                fprintf(stderr,
                                        "error tag %d too large (max %d)\n",
                                        errtag, XFS_ERRTAG_MAX - 1);
                                exit(1);
                        }
                        break;
                case 'f':
                        process_freq(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'i':
                        ilist = realloc(ilist, ++ilistlen * sizeof(*ilist));
                        ilist[ilistlen - 1] = strtol(optarg, &p, 16);
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        operations = atoi(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        nproc = atoi(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'r':
                        namerand = 1;
                        break;
                case 's':
                        seed = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
                        break;
                case 'v':
                        verbose = 1;
                        break;
                case 'w':
                        write_freq();
                        break;
                case 'z':
                        zero_freq();
                        break;
                case 'S':
                        show_ops(0, NULL);
                        printf("\n");
                        nousage=1;
                        break;
                case '?':
                        fprintf(stderr, "%s - invalid parameters\n",
                                myprog);
                        /* fall through */
                case 'H':
                        usage();
                        exit(1);
                case 'X':
                        no_xfs = 1;
                        break; 
                }
        }

        if (no_xfs && errtag) { 
                fprintf(stderr, "error injection only works on XFS\n");
                exit(1); 
        } 

        if (no_xfs) { 
                int i;
                for (i = 0; ops+i < ops_end; ++i) { 
                        if (ops[i].isxfs) 
                                ops[i].freq = 0; 
                }
        } 
        
        if (!dirname) {
            /* no directory specified */
            if (!nousage) usage();
            exit(1);
        }
        
        (void)mkdir(dirname, 0777);
        if (chdir(dirname) < 0) {
                perror(dirname);
                exit(1);
        }
        sprintf(buf, "fss%x", getpid());
        fd = creat(buf, 0666);
        if (lseek64(fd, (off64_t)(MAXFSIZE32 + 1ULL), SEEK_SET) < 0)
                maxfsize = (off64_t)MAXFSIZE32;
        else
                maxfsize = (off64_t)MAXFSIZE;
        make_freq_table();
        dcache_init();
        setlinebuf(stdout);
        if (!seed) {
                gettimeofday(&t, NULL);
                seed = (int)t.tv_sec ^ (int)t.tv_usec;
                printf("seed = %ld\n", seed);
        }
#ifndef NO_XFS  
        if (!no_xfs) { 
        i = ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_FSGEOMETRY, &geom);
        if (i >= 0 && geom.rtblocks)
                rtpct = MIN(MAX(geom.rtblocks * 100 /
                                (geom.rtblocks + geom.datablocks), 1), 99);
        else
                rtpct = 0;
        }
        if (errtag != 0) {
                if (errrange == 0) {
                        if (errtag <= 0) {
                                srandom(seed);
                                j = random() % 100;

                                for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
                                        (void) random();

                                errtag = (random() % (XFS_ERRTAG_MAX-1)) + 1;
                        }
                } else {
                        srandom(seed);
                        j = random() % 100;

                        for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
                                (void) random();

                        errtag += (random() % (XFS_ERRTAG_MAX - errtag));
                }
                printf("Injecting failure on tag #%d\n", errtag);
                err_inj.errtag = errtag;
                err_inj.fd = fd;
                srval = ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_ERROR_INJECTION, &err_inj);
                if (srval < -1) {
                        perror("fsstress - XFS_SYSSGI error injection call");
                        close(fd);
                        unlink(buf);
                        exit(1);
                }
        } else
#endif  
                close(fd);
        unlink(buf);
        if (nproc == 1) { 
                procid = 0; 
                doproc();
        } else { 
                for (i = 0; i < nproc; i++) {
                        if (fork() == 0) {
                                procid = i;
                                doproc();
                                return 0;
                        }
                }
                while (wait(&stat) > 0)
                        continue;
        }
#ifndef NO_XFS          
        if (errtag != 0) {
                err_inj.errtag = 0;
                err_inj.fd = fd;
                if((srval = ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_ERROR_CLEARALL, &err_inj)) != 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Bad ej clear on %d (%d).\n", fd, errno);
                        perror("fsstress - XFS_SYSSGI clear error injection call");
                        close(fd);
                        exit(1);
                }
                close(fd);
        }
#endif  

        return 0;
}

void
add_to_flist(int ft, int id, int parent)
{
        fent_t  *fep;
        flist_t *ftp;

        ftp = &flist[ft];
        if (ftp->nfiles == ftp->nslots) {
                ftp->nslots += FLIST_SLOT_INCR;
                ftp->fents = realloc(ftp->fents, ftp->nslots * sizeof(fent_t));
        }
        fep = &ftp->fents[ftp->nfiles++];
        fep->id = id;
        fep->parent = parent;
}

void
append_pathname(pathname_t *name, char *str)
{
        int     len;

        len = strlen(str);
#ifdef DEBUG
        if (len && *str == '/' && name->len == 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "fsstress: append_pathname failure\n");
                chdir(homedir);
                abort();
                /* NOTREACHED */
        }
#endif
        name->path = realloc(name->path, name->len + 1 + len);
        strcpy(&name->path[name->len], str);
        name->len += len;
}

#ifndef NO_XFS
int
attr_list_path(pathname_t *name, char *buffer, const int buffersize, int flags,
               attrlist_cursor_t *cursor)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = attr_list(name->path, buffer, buffersize, flags, cursor);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = attr_list_path(&newname, buffer, buffersize, flags,
                        cursor);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

int
attr_remove_path(pathname_t *name, const char *attrname, int flags)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = attr_remove(name->path, attrname, flags);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = attr_remove_path(&newname, attrname, flags);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

int
attr_set_path(pathname_t *name, const char *attrname, const char *attrvalue,
              const int valuelength, int flags)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = attr_set(name->path, attrname, attrvalue, valuelength, flags);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = attr_set_path(&newname, attrname, attrvalue, valuelength,
                        flags);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}
#endif

void
check_cwd(void)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
        struct stat64   statbuf;

        if (stat64(".", &statbuf) == 0 && statbuf.st_ino == top_ino)
                return;
        chdir(homedir);
        fprintf(stderr, "fsstress: check_cwd failure\n");
        abort();
        /* NOTREACHED */
#endif
}

int
creat_path(pathname_t *name, mode_t mode)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = creat(name->path, mode);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = creat_path(&newname, mode);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

void
dcache_enter(int dirid, int slot)
{
        dcache[dirid % NDCACHE] = slot;
}

void
dcache_init(void)
{
        int     i;

        for (i = 0; i < NDCACHE; i++)
                dcache[i] = -1;
}

fent_t *
dcache_lookup(int dirid)
{
        fent_t  *fep;
        int     i;

        i = dcache[dirid % NDCACHE];
        if (i >= 0 && (fep = &flist[FT_DIR].fents[i])->id == dirid)
                return fep;
        return NULL;
}

void
dcache_purge(int dirid)
{
        int     *dcp;

        dcp = &dcache[dirid % NDCACHE];
        if (*dcp >= 0 && flist[FT_DIR].fents[*dcp].id == dirid)
                *dcp = -1;
}

void
del_from_flist(int ft, int slot)
{
        flist_t *ftp;

        ftp = &flist[ft];
        if (ft == FT_DIR)
                dcache_purge(ftp->fents[slot].id);
        if (slot != ftp->nfiles - 1) {
                if (ft == FT_DIR)
                        dcache_purge(ftp->fents[ftp->nfiles - 1].id);
                ftp->fents[slot] = ftp->fents[--ftp->nfiles];
        } else
                ftp->nfiles--;
}

fent_t *
dirid_to_fent(int dirid)
{
        fent_t  *efep;
        fent_t  *fep;
        flist_t *flp;

        if ((fep = dcache_lookup(dirid)))
                return fep;
        flp = &flist[FT_DIR];
        for (fep = flp->fents, efep = &fep[flp->nfiles]; fep < efep; fep++) {
                if (fep->id == dirid) {
                        dcache_enter(dirid, fep - flp->fents);
                        return fep;
                }
        }
        return NULL;
}

void
doproc(void)
{
        struct stat64   statbuf;
        char            buf[10];
        int             opno;
        int             rval;
        opdesc_t        *p;

        sprintf(buf, "p%x", procid);
        (void)mkdir(buf, 0777);
        if (chdir(buf) < 0 || stat64(".", &statbuf) < 0) {
                perror(buf);
                _exit(1);
        }
        top_ino = statbuf.st_ino;
        homedir = getcwd(NULL, -1);
        seed += procid;
        srandom(seed);
        if (namerand)
                namerand = random();
        for (opno = 0; opno < operations; opno++) {
                p = &ops[freq_table[random() % freq_table_size]];
                if ((unsigned long)p->func < 4096) abort(); 

                
                p->func(opno, random());
                /*
                 * test for forced shutdown by stat'ing the test
                 * directory.  If this stat returns EIO, assume
                 * the forced shutdown happened.
                 */
                if (errtag != 0 && opno % 100 == 0)  {
                        rval = stat64(".", &statbuf);
                        if (rval == EIO)  {
                                fprintf(stderr, "Detected EIO\n");
                                return;
                        }
                }
        }
}

void
fent_to_name(pathname_t *name, flist_t *flp, fent_t *fep)
{
        char    buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        int     i;
        fent_t  *pfep;

        if (fep == NULL)
                return;
        if (fep->parent != -1) {
                pfep = dirid_to_fent(fep->parent);
                fent_to_name(name, &flist[FT_DIR], pfep);
                append_pathname(name, "/");
        }
        i = sprintf(buf, "%c%x", flp->tag, fep->id);
        namerandpad(fep->id, buf, i);
        append_pathname(name, buf);
}

void
fix_parent(int oldid, int newid)
{
        fent_t  *fep;
        flist_t *flp;
        int     i;
        int     j;

        for (i = 0, flp = flist; i < FT_nft; i++, flp++) {
                for (j = 0, fep = flp->fents; j < flp->nfiles; j++, fep++) {
                        if (fep->parent == oldid)
                                fep->parent = newid;
                }
        }
}

void
free_pathname(pathname_t *name)
{
        if (name->path) {
                free(name->path);
                name->path = NULL;
                name->len = 0;
        }
}

int
generate_fname(fent_t *fep, int ft, pathname_t *name, int *idp, int *v)
{
        char    buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        flist_t *flp;
        int     id;
        int     j;
        int     len;

        flp = &flist[ft];
        len = sprintf(buf, "%c%x", flp->tag, id = nameseq++);
        namerandpad(id, buf, len);
        if (fep) {
                fent_to_name(name, &flist[FT_DIR], fep);
                append_pathname(name, "/");
        }
        append_pathname(name, buf);
        *idp = id;
        *v = verbose;
        for (j = 0; !*v && j < ilistlen; j++) {
                if (ilist[j] == id) {
                        *v = 1;
                        break;
                }
        }
        return 1;
}

int
get_fname(int which, long r, pathname_t *name, flist_t **flpp, fent_t **fepp,
          int *v)
{
        int     c;
        fent_t  *fep;
        flist_t *flp;
        int     i;
        int     j;
        int     x;

        for (i = 0, c = 0, flp = flist; i < FT_nft; i++, flp++) {
                if (which & (1 << i))
                        c += flp->nfiles;
        }
        if (c == 0) {
                if (flpp)
                        *flpp = NULL;
                if (fepp)
                        *fepp = NULL;
                *v = verbose;
                return 0;
        }
        x = (int)(r % c);
        for (i = 0, c = 0, flp = flist; i < FT_nft; i++, flp++) {
                if (which & (1 << i)) {
                        if (x < c + flp->nfiles) {
                                fep = &flp->fents[x - c];
                                if (name)
                                        fent_to_name(name, flp, fep);
                                if (flpp)
                                        *flpp = flp;
                                if (fepp)
                                        *fepp = fep;
                                *v = verbose;
                                for (j = 0; !*v && j < ilistlen; j++) {
                                        if (ilist[j] == fep->id) {
                                                *v = 1;
                                                break;
                                        }
                                }
                                return 1;
                        }
                        c += flp->nfiles;
                }
        }
#ifdef DEBUG
        fprintf(stderr, "fsstress: get_fname failure\n");
        abort();
#endif
        return -1;
        /* NOTREACHED */
}

void
init_pathname(pathname_t *name)
{
        name->len = 0;
        name->path = NULL;
}

int
lchown_path(pathname_t *name, uid_t owner, gid_t group)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = lchown(name->path, owner, group);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = lchown_path(&newname, owner, group);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

int
link_path(pathname_t *name1, pathname_t *name2)
{
        char            buf1[MAXNAMELEN];
        char            buf2[MAXNAMELEN];
        int             down1;
        pathname_t      newname1;
        pathname_t      newname2;
        int             rval;

        rval = link(name1->path, name2->path);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name1, buf1, &newname1);
        separate_pathname(name2, buf2, &newname2);
        if (strcmp(buf1, buf2) == 0) {
                if (chdir(buf1) == 0) {
                        rval = link_path(&newname1, &newname2);
                        chdir("..");
                }
        } else {
                if (strcmp(buf1, "..") == 0)
                        down1 = 0;
                else if (strcmp(buf2, "..") == 0)
                        down1 = 1;
                else if (strlen(buf1) == 0)
                        down1 = 0;
                else if (strlen(buf2) == 0)
                        down1 = 1;
                else
                        down1 = MAX(newname1.len, 3 + name2->len) <=
                                MAX(3 + name1->len, newname2.len);
                if (down1) {
                        free_pathname(&newname2);
                        append_pathname(&newname2, "../");
                        append_pathname(&newname2, name2->path);
                        if (chdir(buf1) == 0) {
                                rval = link_path(&newname1, &newname2);
                                chdir("..");
                        }
                } else {
                        free_pathname(&newname1);
                        append_pathname(&newname1, "../");
                        append_pathname(&newname1, name1->path);
                        if (chdir(buf2) == 0) {
                                rval = link_path(&newname1, &newname2);
                                chdir("..");
                        }
                }
        }
        free_pathname(&newname1);
        free_pathname(&newname2);
        return rval;
}

int
lstat64_path(pathname_t *name, struct stat64 *sbuf)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = lstat64(name->path, sbuf);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = lstat64_path(&newname, sbuf);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

void
make_freq_table(void)
{
        int             f;
        int             i;
        opdesc_t        *p;

        for (p = ops, f = 0; p < ops_end; p++)
                f += p->freq;
        freq_table = malloc(f * sizeof(*freq_table));
        freq_table_size = f;
        for (p = ops, i = 0; p < ops_end; p++) {
                for (f = 0; f < p->freq; f++, i++)
                        freq_table[i] = p->op;
        }
}

int
mkdir_path(pathname_t *name, mode_t mode)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = mkdir(name->path, mode);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = mkdir_path(&newname, mode);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

int
mknod_path(pathname_t *name, mode_t mode, dev_t dev)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = mknod(name->path, mode, dev);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = mknod_path(&newname, mode, dev);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

void
namerandpad(int id, char *buf, int i)
{
        int             bucket;
        static int      buckets[] =
                                { 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, MAXNAMELEN - 1 };
        int             padlen;
        int             padmod;

        if (namerand == 0)
                return;
        bucket = (id ^ namerand) % (sizeof(buckets) / sizeof(buckets[0]));
        padmod = buckets[bucket] + 1 - i;
        if (padmod <= 0)
                return;
        padlen = (id ^ namerand) % padmod;
        if (padlen) {
                memset(&buf[i], 'X', padlen);
                buf[i + padlen] = '\0';
        }
}

int
open_path(pathname_t *name, int oflag)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = open(name->path, oflag);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = open_path(&newname, oflag);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

DIR *
opendir_path(pathname_t *name)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        DIR             *rval;

        rval = opendir(name->path);
        if (rval || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = opendir_path(&newname);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

void
process_freq(char *arg)
{
        opdesc_t        *p;
        char            *s;

        s = strchr(arg, '=');
        if (s == NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "bad argument '%s'\n", arg);
                exit(1);
        }
        *s++ = '\0';
        for (p = ops; p < ops_end; p++) {
                if (strcmp(arg, p->name) == 0) {
                        p->freq = atoi(s);
                        return;
                }
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "can't find op type %s for -f\n", arg);
        exit(1);
}

int
readlink_path(pathname_t *name, char *lbuf, size_t lbufsiz)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = readlink(name->path, lbuf, lbufsiz);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = readlink_path(&newname, lbuf, lbufsiz);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

int
rename_path(pathname_t *name1, pathname_t *name2)
{
        char            buf1[MAXNAMELEN];
        char            buf2[MAXNAMELEN];
        int             down1;
        pathname_t      newname1;
        pathname_t      newname2;
        int             rval;

        rval = rename(name1->path, name2->path);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name1, buf1, &newname1);
        separate_pathname(name2, buf2, &newname2);
        if (strcmp(buf1, buf2) == 0) {
                if (chdir(buf1) == 0) {
                        rval = rename_path(&newname1, &newname2);
                        chdir("..");
                }
        } else {
                if (strcmp(buf1, "..") == 0)
                        down1 = 0;
                else if (strcmp(buf2, "..") == 0)
                        down1 = 1;
                else if (strlen(buf1) == 0)
                        down1 = 0;
                else if (strlen(buf2) == 0)
                        down1 = 1;
                else
                        down1 = MAX(newname1.len, 3 + name2->len) <=
                                MAX(3 + name1->len, newname2.len);
                if (down1) {
                        free_pathname(&newname2);
                        append_pathname(&newname2, "../");
                        append_pathname(&newname2, name2->path);
                        if (chdir(buf1) == 0) {
                                rval = rename_path(&newname1, &newname2);
                                chdir("..");
                        }
                } else {
                        free_pathname(&newname1);
                        append_pathname(&newname1, "../");
                        append_pathname(&newname1, name1->path);
                        if (chdir(buf2) == 0) {
                                rval = rename_path(&newname1, &newname2);
                                chdir("..");
                        }
                }
        }
        free_pathname(&newname1);
        free_pathname(&newname2);
        return rval;
}

int
rmdir_path(pathname_t *name)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = rmdir(name->path);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = rmdir_path(&newname);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

void
separate_pathname(pathname_t *name, char *buf, pathname_t *newname)
{
        char    *slash;

        init_pathname(newname);
        slash = strchr(name->path, '/');
        if (slash == NULL) {
                buf[0] = '\0';
                return;
        }
        *slash = '\0';
        strcpy(buf, name->path);
        *slash = '/';
        append_pathname(newname, slash + 1);
}

#define WIDTH 80

void
show_ops(int flag, char *lead_str)
{
        opdesc_t        *p;

        if (flag<0) {
                /* print in list form */
                int             x = WIDTH;
                
                for (p = ops; p < ops_end; p++) {
                        if (lead_str != NULL && x+strlen(p->name)>=WIDTH-5)
                                x=printf("%s%s", (p==ops)?"":"\n", lead_str);
                        x+=printf("%s ", p->name);
                }
                printf("\n");
        } else {
                int             f;
                for (f = 0, p = ops; p < ops_end; p++)
                        f += p->freq;

                if (f == 0)
                        flag = 1;

                for (p = ops; p < ops_end; p++) {
                        if (flag != 0 || p->freq > 0) {
                                if (lead_str != NULL)
                                        printf("%s", lead_str);
                                printf("%20s %d/%d %s\n",
                                p->name, p->freq, f,
                                (p->iswrite == 0) ? " " : "write op");
                        }
                }
        }
}

int
stat64_path(pathname_t *name, struct stat64 *sbuf)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = stat64(name->path, sbuf);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = stat64_path(&newname, sbuf);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

int
symlink_path(const char *name1, pathname_t *name)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;
        
        if (!strcmp(name1, name->path)) {
            printf("yikes! %s %s\n", name1, name->path);
            return 0;
        }

        rval = symlink(name1, name->path);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = symlink_path(name1, &newname);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

int
truncate64_path(pathname_t *name, off64_t length)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = truncate64(name->path, length);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = truncate64_path(&newname, length);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

int
unlink_path(pathname_t *name)
{
        char            buf[MAXNAMELEN];
        pathname_t      newname;
        int             rval;

        rval = unlink(name->path);
        if (rval >= 0 || errno != ENAMETOOLONG)
                return rval;
        separate_pathname(name, buf, &newname);
        if (chdir(buf) == 0) {
                rval = unlink_path(&newname);
                chdir("..");
        }
        free_pathname(&newname);
        return rval;
}

void
usage(void)
{
        printf("Usage: %s -H   or\n", myprog);
        printf("       %s [-d dir][-e errtg][-f op_name=freq][-n nops]\n",
                myprog);
        printf("          [-p nproc][-r len][-s seed][-v][-w][-z][-S]\n");
        printf("where\n");
        printf("   -d dir           specifies the base directory for operations\n");
        printf("   -e errtg         specifies error injection stuff\n");
        printf("   -f op_name=freq  changes the frequency of option name to freq\n");
        printf("                    the valid operation names are:\n");
        show_ops(-1, "                        ");
        printf("   -n nops          specifies the no. of operations per process (default 1)\n");
        printf("   -p nproc         specifies the no. of processes (default 1)\n");
        printf("   -r               specifies random name padding\n");
        printf("   -s seed          specifies the seed for the random generator (default random)\n");
        printf("   -v               specifies verbose mode\n");
        printf("   -w               zeros frequencies of non-write operations\n");
        printf("   -z               zeros frequencies of all operations\n");
        printf("   -S               prints the table of operations (omitting zero frequency)\n");
        printf("   -H               prints usage and exits\n");
        printf("   -X               don't do anything XFS specific (default with -DNO_XFS)\n"); 
}

void
write_freq(void)
{
        opdesc_t        *p;

        for (p = ops; p < ops_end; p++) {
                if (!p->iswrite)
                        p->freq = 0;
        }
}

void
zero_freq(void)
{
        opdesc_t        *p;

        for (p = ops; p < ops_end; p++)
                p->freq = 0;
}

#ifndef NO_XFS

void
allocsp_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        struct flock64  fl;
        __int64_t       lr;
        off64_t         off;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: allocsp - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_RDWR);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: allocsp - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        if (fstat64(fd, &stb) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: allocsp - fstat64 %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        lr = ((__int64_t)random() << 32) + random();
        off = (off64_t)(lr % MIN(stb.st_size + (1024 * 1024), MAXFSIZE));
        off %= maxfsize;
        fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
        fl.l_start = off;
        fl.l_len = 0;
        e = ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_ALLOCSP64, &fl) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: ioctl(XFS_IOC_ALLOCSP64) %s %jd 0 %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, (intmax_t)off, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}

void
attr_remove_f(int opno, long r)
{
        attrlist_ent_t          *aep;
        attrlist_t              *alist;
        char                    *aname;
        char                    buf[4096];
        attrlist_cursor_t       cursor;
        int                     e;
        int                     ent;
        pathname_t              f;
        int                     total;
        int                     v;
        int                     which;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_ANYm, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v))
                append_pathname(&f, ".");
        total = 0;
        bzero(&cursor, sizeof(cursor));
        do {
                e = attr_list_path(&f, buf, sizeof(buf), ATTR_DONTFOLLOW,
                        &cursor);
                check_cwd();
                if (e)
                        break;
                alist = (attrlist_t *)buf;
                total += alist->al_count;
        } while (alist->al_more);
        if (total == 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: attr_remove - no attrs for %s\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        which = (int)(random() % total);
        bzero(&cursor, sizeof(cursor));
        ent = 0;
        aname = NULL;
        do {
                e = attr_list_path(&f, buf, sizeof(buf), ATTR_DONTFOLLOW,
                        &cursor);
                check_cwd();
                if (e)
                        break;
                alist = (attrlist_t *)buf;
                if (which < ent + alist->al_count) {
                        aep = (attrlist_ent_t *)
                                &buf[alist->al_offset[which - ent]];
                        aname = aep->a_name;
                        break;
                }
                ent += alist->al_count;
        } while (alist->al_more);
        if (aname == NULL) {
                if (v)
                        printf(
                        "%d/%d: attr_remove - name %d not found at %s\n",       
                                procid, opno, which, f.path);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = attr_remove_path(&f, aname, ATTR_DONTFOLLOW) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: attr_remove %s %s %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, aname, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
attr_set_f(int opno, long r)
{
        char            aname[10];
        char            *aval;
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             len;
        static int      lengths[] = { 10, 100, 1000, 10000 };
        int             li;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_ANYm, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v))
                append_pathname(&f, ".");
        sprintf(aname, "a%x", nameseq++);
        li = (int)(random() % (sizeof(lengths) / sizeof(lengths[0])));
        len = (int)(random() % lengths[li]);
        if (len == 0)
                len = 1;
        aval = malloc(len);
        memset(aval, nameseq & 0xff, len);
        e = attr_set_path(&f, aname, aval, len, ATTR_DONTFOLLOW) < 0 ?
                errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        free(aval);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: attr_set %s %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path,
                        aname, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
bulkstat_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             count;
        int             fd;
        __uint64_t      last;
        int             nent;
        xfs_bstat_t     *t;
        __int64_t       total;
        xfs_fsop_bulkreq_t bsr;

        last = 0;
        nent = (r % 999) + 2;
        t = malloc(nent * sizeof(*t));
        fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
        total = 0;
    
        bsr.lastip=&last;
        bsr.icount=nent;
        bsr.ubuffer=t;
        bsr.ocount=&count;
            
        while (ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_FSBULKSTAT, &bsr) == 0 && count > 0)
                total += count;
        free(t);
        if (verbose)
                printf("%d/%d: bulkstat nent %d total %jd\n",
                        procid, opno, nent, (intmax_t)total);
        close(fd);
}

void
bulkstat1_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        int             good;
        __uint64_t      ino;
        struct stat64   s;
        xfs_bstat_t     t;
        int             v;
        xfs_fsop_bulkreq_t bsr;
        

        good = random() & 1;
        if (good) {
               /* use an inode we know exists */
                init_pathname(&f);
                if (!get_fname(FT_ANYm, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v))
                        append_pathname(&f, ".");
                ino = stat64_path(&f, &s) < 0 ? (ino64_t)r : s.st_ino;
                check_cwd();
                free_pathname(&f);
        } else {
                /* 
                 * pick a random inode 
                 *
                 * note this can generate kernel warning messages
                 * since bulkstat_one will read the disk block that
                 * would contain a given inode even if that disk
                 * block doesn't contain inodes.
                 *
                 * this is detected later, but not until after the
                 * warning is displayed.
                 *
                 * "XFS: device 0x825- bad inode magic/vsn daddr 0x0 #0"
                 *
                 */
                ino = (ino64_t)r;
                v = verbose;
        }
        fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
        
        bsr.lastip=&ino;
        bsr.icount=1;
        bsr.ubuffer=&t;
        bsr.ocount=NULL;
        
        e = ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_FSBULKSTAT_SINGLE, &bsr) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: bulkstat1 %s ino %jd %d\n",
                    procid, opno, good?"real":"random", (intmax_t)ino, e);
        close(fd);
}

#endif

void
chown_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             nbits;
        uid_t           u;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_ANYm, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v))
                append_pathname(&f, ".");
        u = (uid_t)random();
        nbits = (int)(random() % 32);
        u &= (1 << nbits) - 1;
        e = lchown_path(&f, u, -1) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: chown %s %d %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, u, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
creat_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        int             e1;
        int             extsize __unused;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        fent_t          *fep;
        int             id;
        int             parid __unused;
        int             type;
        int             v;
        int             v1;
        int esz=0; 

        if (!get_fname(FT_DIRm, r, NULL, NULL, &fep, &v1))
                parid = -1;
        else
                parid = fep->id;
        init_pathname(&f);
        type = rtpct ? ((random() % 100) > rtpct ? FT_REG : FT_RTF) : FT_REG;
        if (type == FT_RTF)
                extsize = (random() % 10) + 1;
        else
                extsize = 0;
        e = generate_fname(fep, type, &f, &id, &v);
        v |= v1;
        if (!e) {
                if (v) {
                        fent_to_name(&f, &flist[FT_DIR], fep);
                        printf("%d/%d: creat - no filename from %s\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path);
                }
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = creat_path(&f, 0666);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        e1 = 0;
        check_cwd();
        esz = 0;
        if (fd >= 0) {
#ifndef NO_XFS  
                struct fsxattr  a;
                if (extsize && ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_FSGETXATTR, &a) >= 0) {
                        a.fsx_xflags |= XFS_XFLAG_REALTIME;
                        a.fsx_extsize =
                                geom.rtextsize * geom.blocksize * extsize;
                        if (ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_FSSETXATTR, &a) < 0)
                                e1 = errno;
                        esz = a.fsx_estsize;
                        
                }
                add_to_flist(type, id, parid);
#endif          
                close(fd);
        }
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: creat %s x:%d %d %d\n", procid, opno, f.path,
                        esz, e, e1);
        free_pathname(&f);
}



int 
setdirect(int fd)
{ 
        static int no_direct;
        int flags; 

        if (no_direct)
                return 0; 

        flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0); 
        if (flags < 0)  
                return 0; 

        if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags|O_DIRECT)  < 0) { 
                if (no_xfs) {
                        no_direct = 1;
                        return 0;
                }
                printf("cannot set O_DIRECT: %s\n", strerror(errno)); 
                return 0; 
        } 
                               
        return 1;
} 

void
dread_f(int opno, long r)
{
        __int64_t       align;
        char            *buf;
        struct dioattr  diob;
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        size_t          len;
        __int64_t       lr;
        off64_t         off;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;
       
        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: dread - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_RDONLY);

        if (!setdirect(fd)) { 
                return;
        } 

        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: dread - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        if (fstat64(fd, &stb) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: dread - fstat64 %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        if (stb.st_size == 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: dread - %s zero size\n", procid, opno,
                                f.path);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        
        if (no_xfs) { 
                diob.d_miniosz = stb.st_blksize; 
                diob.d_maxiosz = stb.st_blksize * 256;  /* good number ? */ 
                diob.d_mem = stb.st_blksize; 
        } 
#ifndef NO_XFS  
           else         if (ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_DIOINFO, &diob) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf(
                        "%d/%d: dread - ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_DIOINFO) %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
#endif  
        align = (__int64_t)diob.d_miniosz;
        lr = ((__int64_t)random() << 32) + random();
        off = (off64_t)(lr % stb.st_size);
        off -= (off % align);
        lseek64(fd, off, SEEK_SET);
        len = (random() % (getpagesize() * 32)) + 1;
        len -= (len % align);
        if (len <= 0)
                len = align;
        else if (len > diob.d_maxiosz) 
                len = diob.d_maxiosz;
        buf = memalign(diob.d_mem, len);
        e = read(fd, buf, len) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        free(buf);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: dread %s [%jd,%zd] %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, (intmax_t)off, len, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}

void
dwrite_f(int opno, long r)
{
        __int64_t       align;
        char            *buf;
        struct dioattr  diob;
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        size_t          len;
        __int64_t       lr;
        off64_t         off;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: dwrite - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_WRONLY);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: dwrite - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }

        if (!setdirect(fd)) 
                return; 
        if (fstat64(fd, &stb) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: dwrite - fstat64 %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        if (no_xfs) { 
                diob.d_miniosz = stb.st_blksize; 
                diob.d_maxiosz = stb.st_blksize * 256;  /* good number ? */ 
                diob.d_mem = stb.st_blksize; 
        } 
#ifndef NO_XFS  
        else if (ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_DIOINFO, &diob) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf(
                        "%d/%d: dwrite - ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_DIOINFO) %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
#endif  
        align = (__int64_t)diob.d_miniosz;
        lr = ((__int64_t)random() << 32) + random();
        off = (off64_t)(lr % MIN(stb.st_size + (1024 * 1024), MAXFSIZE));
        off -= (off % align);
        lseek64(fd, off, SEEK_SET);
        len = (random() % (getpagesize() * 32)) + 1;
        len -= (len % align);
        if (len <= 0)
                len = align;
        else if (len > diob.d_maxiosz) 
                len = diob.d_maxiosz;
        buf = memalign(diob.d_mem, len);
        off %= maxfsize;
        lseek64(fd, off, SEEK_SET);
        memset(buf, nameseq & 0xff, len);
        e = write(fd, buf, len) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        free(buf);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: dwrite %s [%jd,%zd] %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, (intmax_t)off, len, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}

void
fdatasync_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: fdatasync - no filename\n",
                                procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_WRONLY);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: fdatasync - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = fdatasync(fd) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: fdatasync %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}

#ifndef NO_XFS
void
freesp_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        struct flock64  fl;
        __int64_t       lr;
        off64_t         off;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: freesp - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_RDWR);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: freesp - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        if (fstat64(fd, &stb) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: freesp - fstat64 %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        lr = ((__int64_t)random() << 32) + random();
        off = (off64_t)(lr % MIN(stb.st_size + (1024 * 1024), MAXFSIZE));
        off %= maxfsize;
        fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
        fl.l_start = off;
        fl.l_len = 0;
        e = ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_FREESP64, &fl) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: ioctl(XFS_IOC_FREESP64) %s %jd 0 %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, (intmax_t)off, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}

#endif

void
fsync_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: fsync - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_WRONLY);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: fsync - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = fsync(fd) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: fsync %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}

void
getdents_f(int opno, long r)
{
        DIR             *dir;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_DIRm, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v))
                append_pathname(&f, ".");
        dir = opendir_path(&f);
        check_cwd();
        if (dir == NULL) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: getdents - can't open %s\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        while (readdir64(dir) != NULL)
                continue;
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: getdents %s 0\n", procid, opno, f.path);
        free_pathname(&f);
        closedir(dir);
}

void
link_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        fent_t          *fep;
        flist_t         *flp;
        int             id;
        pathname_t      l;
        int             parid;
        int             v;
        int             v1;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_NOTDIR, r, &f, &flp, NULL, &v1)) {
                if (v1)
                        printf("%d/%d: link - no file\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        if (!get_fname(FT_DIRm, random(), NULL, NULL, &fep, &v))
                parid = -1;
        else
                parid = fep->id;
        v |= v1;
        init_pathname(&l);
        e = generate_fname(fep, flp - flist, &l, &id, &v1);
        v |= v1;
        if (!e) {
                if (v) {
                        fent_to_name(&l, &flist[FT_DIR], fep);
                        printf("%d/%d: link - no filename from %s\n",
                                procid, opno, l.path);
                }
                free_pathname(&l);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = link_path(&f, &l) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (e == 0)
                add_to_flist(flp - flist, id, parid);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: link %s %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, l.path,
                        e);
        free_pathname(&l);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
mkdir_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        fent_t          *fep;
        int             id;
        int             parid;
        int             v;
        int             v1;

        if (!get_fname(FT_DIRm, r, NULL, NULL, &fep, &v))
                parid = -1;
        else
                parid = fep->id;
        init_pathname(&f);
        e = generate_fname(fep, FT_DIR, &f, &id, &v1);
        v |= v1;
        if (!e) {
                if (v) {
                        fent_to_name(&f, &flist[FT_DIR], fep);
                        printf("%d/%d: mkdir - no filename from %s\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path);
                }
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = mkdir_path(&f, 0777) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (e == 0)
                add_to_flist(FT_DIR, id, parid);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: mkdir %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
mknod_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        fent_t          *fep;
        int             id;
        int             parid;
        int             v;
        int             v1;

        if (!get_fname(FT_DIRm, r, NULL, NULL, &fep, &v))
                parid = -1;
        else
                parid = fep->id;
        init_pathname(&f);
        e = generate_fname(fep, FT_DEV, &f, &id, &v1);
        v |= v1;
        if (!e) {
                if (v) {
                        fent_to_name(&f, &flist[FT_DIR], fep);
                        printf("%d/%d: mknod - no filename from %s\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path);
                }
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = mknod_path(&f, S_IFCHR|0444, 0) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (e == 0)
                add_to_flist(FT_DEV, id, parid);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: mknod %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
read_f(int opno, long r)
{
        char            *buf;
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        size_t          len;
        __int64_t       lr;
        off64_t         off;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: read - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_RDONLY);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: read - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        if (fstat64(fd, &stb) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: read - fstat64 %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        if (stb.st_size == 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: read - %s zero size\n", procid, opno,
                                f.path);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        lr = ((__int64_t)random() << 32) + random();
        off = (off64_t)(lr % stb.st_size);
        lseek64(fd, off, SEEK_SET);
        len = (random() % (getpagesize() * 32)) + 1;
        buf = malloc(len);
        e = read(fd, buf, len) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        free(buf);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: read %s [%jd,%zd] %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, (intmax_t)off, len, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}

void
readlink_f(int opno, long r)
{
        char            buf[PATH_MAX];
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_SYMm, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: readlink - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = readlink_path(&f, buf, PATH_MAX) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: readlink %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
rename_f(int opno, long r)
{
        fent_t          *dfep;
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        fent_t          *fep;
        flist_t         *flp;
        int             id;
        pathname_t      newf;
        int             oldid;
        int             parid;
        int             v;
        int             v1;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_ANYm, r, &f, &flp, &fep, &v1)) {
                if (v1)
                        printf("%d/%d: rename - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        if (!get_fname(FT_DIRm, random(), NULL, NULL, &dfep, &v))
                parid = -1;
        else
                parid = dfep->id;
        v |= v1;
        init_pathname(&newf);
        e = generate_fname(dfep, flp - flist, &newf, &id, &v1);
        v |= v1;
        if (!e) {
                if (v) {
                        fent_to_name(&f, &flist[FT_DIR], dfep);
                        printf("%d/%d: rename - no filename from %s\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path);
                }
                free_pathname(&newf);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = rename_path(&f, &newf) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (e == 0) {
                if (flp - flist == FT_DIR) {
                        oldid = fep->id;
                        fix_parent(oldid, id);
                }
                del_from_flist(flp - flist, fep - flp->fents);
                add_to_flist(flp - flist, id, parid);
        }
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: rename %s to %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path,
                        newf.path, e);
        free_pathname(&newf);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

#ifndef NO_XFS
void
resvsp_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        struct flock64  fl;
        __int64_t       lr;
        off64_t         off;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: resvsp - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_RDWR);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: resvsp - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        if (fstat64(fd, &stb) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: resvsp - fstat64 %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        lr = ((__int64_t)random() << 32) + random();
        off = (off64_t)(lr % MIN(stb.st_size + (1024 * 1024), MAXFSIZE));
        off %= maxfsize;
        fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
        fl.l_start = off;
        fl.l_len = (off64_t)(random() % (1024 * 1024));
        e = ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_RESVSP64, &fl) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: ioctl(XFS_IOC_RESVSP64) %s %jd %jd %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, (intmax_t)off,
                        (intmax_t)fl.l_len, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}
#endif

void
rmdir_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        fent_t          *fep;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_DIRm, r, &f, NULL, &fep, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: rmdir - no directory\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = rmdir_path(&f) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (e == 0)
                del_from_flist(FT_DIR, fep - flist[FT_DIR].fents);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: rmdir %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
stat_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_ANYm, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: stat - no entries\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = lstat64_path(&f, &stb) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: stat %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
symlink_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        fent_t          *fep;
        int             i;
        int             id;
        int             len;
        int             parid;
        int             v;
        int             v1;
        char            *val;

        if (!get_fname(FT_DIRm, r, NULL, NULL, &fep, &v))
                parid = -1;
        else
                parid = fep->id;
        init_pathname(&f);
        e = generate_fname(fep, FT_SYM, &f, &id, &v1);
        v |= v1;
        if (!e) {
                if (v) {
                        fent_to_name(&f, &flist[FT_DIR], fep);
                        printf("%d/%d: symlink - no filename from %s\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path);
                }
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        len = (int)(random() % PATH_MAX);
        val = malloc(len + 1);
        if (len)
                memset(val, 'x', len);
        val[len] = '\0';
        for (i = 10; i < len - 1; i += 10)
                val[i] = '/';
        e = symlink_path(val, &f) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (e == 0)
                add_to_flist(FT_SYM, id, parid);
        free(val);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: symlink %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

/* ARGSUSED */
void
sync_f(int opno, long r)
{
        sync();
        if (verbose)
                printf("%d/%d: sync\n", procid, opno);
}

void
truncate_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        __int64_t       lr;
        off64_t         off;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: truncate - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = stat64_path(&f, &stb) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (e > 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: truncate - stat64 %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        lr = ((__int64_t)random() << 32) + random();
        off = (off64_t)(lr % MIN(stb.st_size + (1024 * 1024), MAXFSIZE));
        off %= maxfsize;
        e = truncate64_path(&f, off) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: truncate %s %jd %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, (intmax_t)off, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

void
unlink_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        fent_t          *fep;
        flist_t         *flp;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_NOTDIR, r, &f, &flp, &fep, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: unlink - no file\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        e = unlink_path(&f) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (e == 0)
                del_from_flist(flp - flist, fep - flp->fents);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: unlink %s %d\n", procid, opno, f.path, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
}

#ifndef NO_XFS
void
unresvsp_f(int opno, long r)
{
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        struct flock64  fl;
        __int64_t       lr;
        off64_t         off;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGFILE, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: unresvsp - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_RDWR);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: unresvsp - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        if (fstat64(fd, &stb) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: unresvsp - fstat64 %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        lr = ((__int64_t)random() << 32) + random();
        off = (off64_t)(lr % MIN(stb.st_size + (1024 * 1024), MAXFSIZE));
        off %= maxfsize;
        fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
        fl.l_start = off;
        fl.l_len = (off64_t)(random() % (1 << 20));
        e = ioctl(fd, XFS_IOC_UNRESVSP64, &fl) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: ioctl(XFS_IOC_UNRESVSP64) %s %jd %jd %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, (intmax_t)off,
                        (intmax_t)fl.l_len, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}
#endif

void
write_f(int opno, long r)
{
        char            *buf;
        int             e;
        pathname_t      f;
        int             fd;
        size_t          len;
        __int64_t       lr;
        off64_t         off;
        struct stat64   stb;
        int             v;

        init_pathname(&f);
        if (!get_fname(FT_REGm, r, &f, NULL, NULL, &v)) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: write - no filename\n", procid, opno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        fd = open_path(&f, O_WRONLY);
        e = fd < 0 ? errno : 0;
        check_cwd();
        if (fd < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: write - open %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, e);
                free_pathname(&f);
                return;
        }
        if (fstat64(fd, &stb) < 0) {
                if (v)
                        printf("%d/%d: write - fstat64 %s failed %d\n",
                                procid, opno, f.path, errno);
                free_pathname(&f);
                close(fd);
                return;
        }
        lr = ((__int64_t)random() << 32) + random();
        off = (off64_t)(lr % MIN(stb.st_size + (1024 * 1024), MAXFSIZE));
        off %= maxfsize;
        lseek64(fd, off, SEEK_SET);
        len = (random() % (getpagesize() * 32)) + 1;
        buf = malloc(len);
        memset(buf, nameseq & 0xff, len);
        e = write(fd, buf, len) < 0 ? errno : 0;
        free(buf);
        if (v)
                printf("%d/%d: write %s [%jd,%zd] %d\n",
                        procid, opno, f.path, (intmax_t)off, len, e);
        free_pathname(&f);
        close(fd);
}