root/sys/arch/alpha/alpha/locore.s
/* $NetBSD: locore.s,v 1.145 2025/09/06 02:53:22 riastradh Exp $ */

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 1999, 2000, 2019 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
 * by Jason R. Thorpe of the Numerical Aerospace Simulation Facility,
 * NASA Ames Research Center.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1994, 1995, 1996 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author: Chris G. Demetriou
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 */

.stabs  __FILE__,100,0,0,kernel_text

#include "opt_ddb.h"
#include "opt_kgdb.h"
#include "opt_multiprocessor.h"
#include "opt_lockdebug.h"
#include "opt_compat_netbsd.h"

#include <machine/asm.h>

__KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: locore.s,v 1.145 2025/09/06 02:53:22 riastradh Exp $");

#include "assym.h"

.stabs  __FILE__,132,0,0,kernel_text

        /* don't reorder instructions; paranoia. */
        .set noreorder
        .text

        .macro  bfalse  reg, dst
        beq     \reg, \dst
        .endm

        .macro  btrue   reg, dst
        bne     \reg, \dst
        .endm

/*
 * This is for kvm_mkdb, and should be the address of the beginning
 * of the kernel text segment (not necessarily the same as kernbase).
 */
        EXPORT(kernel_text)
.loc    1 __LINE__
kernel_text:

/*
 * bootstack: a temporary stack, for booting.
 *
 * Extends from 'start' down.
 */
bootstack:

/*
 * locorestart: Kernel start. This is no longer the actual entry
 * point, although jumping to here (the first kernel address) will
 * in fact work just fine.
 *
 * Arguments:
 *      a0 is the first free page frame number (PFN)
 *      a1 is the page table base register (PTBR)
 *      a2 is the bootinfo magic number
 *      a3 is the pointer to the bootinfo structure
 *
 * All arguments are passed to alpha_init().
 */
IMPORT(prom_mapped, 4)
NESTED_NOPROFILE(locorestart,1,0,ra,0,0)
        br      pv,1f
1:      LDGP(pv)

        /* Switch to the boot stack. */
        lda     sp,bootstack

        /* Load KGP with current GP. */
        mov     a0, s0                  /* save pfn */
        mov     gp, a0
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_wrkgp         /* clobbers a0, t0, t8-t11 */
        mov     s0, a0                  /* restore pfn */

        /*
         * Call alpha_init() to do pre-main initialization.
         * alpha_init() gets the arguments we were called with,
         * which are already in a0, a1, a2, a3, and a4.
         */
        CALL(alpha_init)

        /* Set up the virtual page table pointer. */
        ldiq    a0, VPTBASE
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_wrvptptr      /* clobbers a0, t0, t8-t11 */

        /*
         * Switch to lwp0's PCB.
         */
        lda     a0, lwp0
        ldq     a0, L_MD_PCBPADDR(a0)           /* phys addr of PCB */
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_swpctx        /* clobbers a0, t0, t8-t11, a0 */

        /* PROM is no longer mapped. */
        lda     t0, prom_mapped
        stl     zero, 0(t0)

        /*
         * We've switched to a new page table base, so invalidate the TLB
         * and I-stream.  This happens automatically everywhere but here.
         */
        ldiq    a0, -2                          /* TBIA */
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_tbi
        call_pal PAL_imb

        /*
         * All ready to go!  Call main()!
         *
         * We're going to play a little trick there, though.  We are
         * going to fake our return address as the kthread backstop.
         * Hitting the backstop will trigger a panic, and we want lwp0
         * to work like other kthreads in that regard.  We will still
         * keep the "main returned" backstop here in case something
         * goes horribly wrong.
         */
        lda     ra, alpha_kthread_backstop
        jsr     s0, main
        ldgp    gp, 0(s0)

        /* This should never happen. */
        PANIC("main() returned",Lmain_returned_pmsg)
        END(locorestart)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * Pull in the PROM interface routines; these are needed for
 * prom printf (while bootstrapping), and for determining the
 * boot device, etc.
 */
#include <alpha/alpha/prom_disp.s>

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * Pull in the PALcode function stubs.
 */
#include <alpha/alpha/pal.s>

/**************************************************************************/

/**************************************************************************/

#if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
/*
 * Pull in the multiprocssor glue.
 */
#include <alpha/alpha/multiproc.s>
#endif /* MULTIPROCESSOR */

/**************************************************************************/

/**************************************************************************/

#if defined(DDB) || defined(KGDB)
/*
 * Pull in debugger glue.
 */
#include <alpha/alpha/debug.s>
#endif /* DDB || KGDB */

/**************************************************************************/

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * Pull in optimized pmap subroutines.
 */
#include <alpha/alpha/pmap_subr.s>

/**************************************************************************/

/**************************************************************************/

        .text
.stabs  __FILE__,132,0,0,backtolocore1  /* done with includes */
.loc    1 __LINE__
backtolocore1:
/**************************************************************************/

#ifdef COMPAT_16
/*
 * Signal "trampoline" code.
 *
 * The kernel arranges for the handler to be invoked directly.  This
 * trampoline is used only to return from the signal.
 *
 * The stack pointer points to the saved sigcontext.
 */

NESTED_NOPROFILE(sigcode,0,0,ra,0,0)
        mov     sp, a0                  /* get pointer to sigcontext */
        CALLSYS_NOERROR(compat_16___sigreturn14)        /* and call sigreturn() with it. */
        mov     v0, a0                  /* if that failed, get error code */
        CALLSYS_NOERROR(exit)           /* and call exit() with it. */
XNESTED(esigcode,0)
        END(sigcode)
#endif /* COMPAT_16 */

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * exception_return: return from trap, exception, or syscall
 */

LEAF(exception_return, 1)                       /* XXX should be NESTED */
        br      pv, 1f
1:      LDGP(pv)

        ldq     s1, (FRAME_PS * 8)(sp)          /* s1 = new PSL */
        and     s1, ALPHA_PSL_IPL_MASK, s3      /* s3 = new ipl */

        /* --- BEGIN inline spllower() --- */

        cmpult  s3, ALPHA_PSL_IPL_SOFT_HI, t1   /* new IPL < SOFT_HI? */
        beq     t1, 5f                          /* no, can't do AST or SI */
        /* yes */

        /* GET_CURLWP clobbers v0, t0, t8...t11. */
        GET_CURLWP
        mov     v0, s0                          /* s0 = curlwp */

2:      /*
         * Check to see if a soft interrupt is pending.  We need to only
         * check for soft ints eligible to run at the new IPL.  We generate
         * the mask of eligible soft ints to run by masking the ssir with:
         *
         *      (ALPHA_ALL_SOFTINTS << ((ipl) << 1))
         *
         * See alpha_softint_dispatch().
         */
        ldq     t1, L_CPU(s0)                   /* t1 = curlwp->l_cpu */
        ldiq    t2, ALPHA_ALL_SOFTINTS          /* t2 = ALPHA_ALL_SOFTINTS */
        ldq     t1, CPU_INFO_SSIR(t1)           /* t1 = t1->ci_ssir */
        sll     s3, 1, t3                       /* t3 = ipl << 1 */
        sll     t2, t3, t2                      /* t2 <<= t3 */
        and     t1, t2, t1                      /* t1 &= t2 */
        bne     t1, 6f                          /* yes */
        /* no */

        /* --- END inline spllower() --- */

        and     s1, ALPHA_PSL_USERMODE, t0      /* are we returning to user? */
        beq     t0, 5f                          /* no: just return */
        /* yes */

        /* check for AST */
3:      ldl     t3, L_MD_ASTPENDING(s0)         /* AST pending? */
        bne     t3, 7f                          /* yes */
        /* no: headed back to user space */

        /* Enable the FPU based on whether MDLWP_FPACTIVE is set. */
4:      ldq     t2, L_MD_FLAGS(s0)
        cmplt   t2, zero, a0
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_wrfen

        /* restore the registers, and return */
5:      bsr     ra, exception_restore_regs      /* jmp/CALL trashes pv/t12 */
        ldq     ra,(FRAME_RA*8)(sp)
        .set noat
        ldq     at_reg,(FRAME_AT*8)(sp)

        lda     sp,(FRAME_SW_SIZE*8)(sp)
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_rti
        .set at
        /* NOTREACHED */

        /* We've got a softint */
6:      ldiq    a0, ALPHA_PSL_IPL_HIGH
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_swpipl
        mov     v0, s2                          /* remember old IPL */
        mov     s3, a0                          /* pass new ipl */
        CALL(alpha_softint_dispatch)

        /* SI handled; restore IPL and check again */
        mov     s2, a0
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_swpipl
        br      2b

        /* We've got an AST */
7:      stl     zero, L_MD_ASTPENDING(s0)       /* no AST pending */

        ldiq    a0, ALPHA_PSL_IPL_0             /* drop IPL to zero */
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_swpipl
        mov     v0, s2                          /* remember old IPL */

        mov     sp, a0                          /* only arg is frame */
        CALL(ast)

        /* AST handled; restore IPL and check again */
        mov     s2, a0
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_swpipl
        br      3b

        END(exception_return)

LEAF(exception_save_regs, 0)
        stq     v0,(FRAME_V0*8)(sp)
        stq     a3,(FRAME_A3*8)(sp)
        stq     a4,(FRAME_A4*8)(sp)
        stq     a5,(FRAME_A5*8)(sp)
        stq     s0,(FRAME_S0*8)(sp)
        stq     s1,(FRAME_S1*8)(sp)
        stq     s2,(FRAME_S2*8)(sp)
        stq     s3,(FRAME_S3*8)(sp)
        stq     s4,(FRAME_S4*8)(sp)
        stq     s5,(FRAME_S5*8)(sp)
        stq     s6,(FRAME_S6*8)(sp)
        stq     t0,(FRAME_T0*8)(sp)
        stq     t1,(FRAME_T1*8)(sp)
        stq     t2,(FRAME_T2*8)(sp)
        stq     t3,(FRAME_T3*8)(sp)
        stq     t4,(FRAME_T4*8)(sp)
        stq     t5,(FRAME_T5*8)(sp)
        stq     t6,(FRAME_T6*8)(sp)
        stq     t7,(FRAME_T7*8)(sp)
        stq     t8,(FRAME_T8*8)(sp)
        stq     t9,(FRAME_T9*8)(sp)
        stq     t10,(FRAME_T10*8)(sp)
        stq     t11,(FRAME_T11*8)(sp)
        stq     t12,(FRAME_T12*8)(sp)
        RET
        END(exception_save_regs)

LEAF(exception_restore_regs, 0)
        ldq     v0,(FRAME_V0*8)(sp)
        ldq     a3,(FRAME_A3*8)(sp)
        ldq     a4,(FRAME_A4*8)(sp)
        ldq     a5,(FRAME_A5*8)(sp)
        ldq     s0,(FRAME_S0*8)(sp)
        ldq     s1,(FRAME_S1*8)(sp)
        ldq     s2,(FRAME_S2*8)(sp)
        ldq     s3,(FRAME_S3*8)(sp)
        ldq     s4,(FRAME_S4*8)(sp)
        ldq     s5,(FRAME_S5*8)(sp)
        ldq     s6,(FRAME_S6*8)(sp)
        ldq     t0,(FRAME_T0*8)(sp)
        ldq     t1,(FRAME_T1*8)(sp)
        ldq     t2,(FRAME_T2*8)(sp)
        ldq     t3,(FRAME_T3*8)(sp)
        ldq     t4,(FRAME_T4*8)(sp)
        ldq     t5,(FRAME_T5*8)(sp)
        ldq     t6,(FRAME_T6*8)(sp)
        ldq     t7,(FRAME_T7*8)(sp)
        ldq     t8,(FRAME_T8*8)(sp)
        ldq     t9,(FRAME_T9*8)(sp)
        ldq     t10,(FRAME_T10*8)(sp)
        ldq     t11,(FRAME_T11*8)(sp)
        ldq     t12,(FRAME_T12*8)(sp)
        RET
        END(exception_restore_regs)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * XentArith:
 * System arithmetic trap entry point.
 */

        PALVECT(XentArith)              /* setup frame, save registers */

        /* a0, a1, & a2 already set up */
        ldiq    a3, ALPHA_KENTRY_ARITH
        mov     sp, a4                  ; .loc 1 __LINE__
        CALL(trap)

        jmp     zero, exception_return
        END(XentArith)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * XentIF:
 * System instruction fault trap entry point.
 */

        PALVECT(XentIF)                 /* setup frame, save registers */

        /* a0, a1, & a2 already set up */
        ldiq    a3, ALPHA_KENTRY_IF
        mov     sp, a4                  ; .loc 1 __LINE__
        CALL(trap)
        jmp     zero, exception_return  
        END(XentIF)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * XentInt:
 * System interrupt entry point.
 */

        PALVECT(XentInt)                /* setup frame, save registers */

        /* a0, a1, & a2 already set up */
        mov     sp, a3                  ; .loc 1 __LINE__
        CALL(interrupt)
        jmp     zero, exception_return
        END(XentInt)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * XentMM:
 * System memory management fault entry point.
 */

        PALVECT(XentMM)                 /* setup frame, save registers */

        /* a0, a1, & a2 already set up */
        ldiq    a3, ALPHA_KENTRY_MM
        mov     sp, a4                  ; .loc 1 __LINE__
        CALL(trap)

        jmp     zero, exception_return
        END(XentMM)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * XentSys:
 * System call entry point.
 */

        ESETUP(XentSys)                 ; .loc 1 __LINE__

        stq     v0,(FRAME_V0*8)(sp)             /* in case we need to restart */
        stq     s0,(FRAME_S0*8)(sp)
        stq     s1,(FRAME_S1*8)(sp)
        stq     s2,(FRAME_S2*8)(sp)
        stq     s3,(FRAME_S3*8)(sp)
        stq     s4,(FRAME_S4*8)(sp)
        stq     s5,(FRAME_S5*8)(sp)
        stq     s6,(FRAME_S6*8)(sp)
        stq     a0,(FRAME_A0*8)(sp)
        stq     a1,(FRAME_A1*8)(sp)
        stq     a2,(FRAME_A2*8)(sp)
        stq     a3,(FRAME_A3*8)(sp)
        stq     a4,(FRAME_A4*8)(sp)
        stq     a5,(FRAME_A5*8)(sp)
        stq     ra,(FRAME_RA*8)(sp)

        /* syscall number, passed in v0, is first arg, frame pointer second */
        mov     v0,a1
        GET_CURLWP
        mov     v0,a0
        mov     sp,a2                   ; .loc 1 __LINE__
        ldq     t11,L_PROC(a0)
        ldq     t12,P_MD_SYSCALL(t11)
        CALL((t12))

        jmp     zero, exception_return
        END(XentSys)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * XentUna:
 * System unaligned access entry point.
 */

LEAF(XentUna, 3)                                /* XXX should be NESTED */
        .set noat
        lda     sp,-(FRAME_SW_SIZE*8)(sp)
        stq     at_reg,(FRAME_AT*8)(sp)
        .set at
        stq     ra,(FRAME_RA*8)(sp)
        bsr     ra, exception_save_regs         /* jmp/CALL trashes pv/t12 */

        /* a0, a1, & a2 already set up */
        ldiq    a3, ALPHA_KENTRY_UNA
        mov     sp, a4                  ; .loc 1 __LINE__
        CALL(trap)

        jmp     zero, exception_return
        END(XentUna)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * savefpstate: Save a process's floating point state.
 *
 * Arguments:
 *      a0      'struct fpstate *' to save into
 */

LEAF(savefpstate, 1)
        LDGP(pv)
        /* save all of the FP registers */
        lda     t1, FPREG_FPR_REGS(a0)  /* get address of FP reg. save area */
        stt     $f0,   (0 * 8)(t1)      /* save first register, using hw name */
        stt     $f1,   (1 * 8)(t1)      /* etc. */
        stt     $f2,   (2 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f3,   (3 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f4,   (4 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f5,   (5 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f6,   (6 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f7,   (7 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f8,   (8 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f9,   (9 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f10, (10 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f11, (11 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f12, (12 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f13, (13 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f14, (14 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f15, (15 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f16, (16 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f17, (17 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f18, (18 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f19, (19 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f20, (20 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f21, (21 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f22, (22 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f23, (23 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f24, (24 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f25, (25 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f26, (26 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f27, (27 * 8)(t1)
        .set noat
        stt     $f28, (28 * 8)(t1)
        .set at
        stt     $f29, (29 * 8)(t1)
        stt     $f30, (30 * 8)(t1)

        /*
         * Then save the FPCR; note that the necessary 'trapb's are taken
         * care of on kernel entry and exit.
         */
        mf_fpcr ft0
        stt     ft0, FPREG_FPR_CR(a0)   /* store to FPCR save area */

        RET
        END(savefpstate)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * restorefpstate: Restore a process's floating point state.
 *
 * Arguments:
 *      a0      'struct fpstate *' to restore from
 */

LEAF(restorefpstate, 1)
        LDGP(pv)
        /*
         * Restore the FPCR; note that the necessary 'trapb's are taken care of
         * on kernel entry and exit.
         */
        ldt     ft0, FPREG_FPR_CR(a0)   /* load from FPCR save area */
        mt_fpcr ft0

        /* Restore all of the FP registers. */
        lda     t1, FPREG_FPR_REGS(a0)  /* get address of FP reg. save area */
        ldt     $f0,   (0 * 8)(t1)      /* restore first reg., using hw name */
        ldt     $f1,   (1 * 8)(t1)      /* etc. */
        ldt     $f2,   (2 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f3,   (3 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f4,   (4 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f5,   (5 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f6,   (6 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f7,   (7 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f8,   (8 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f9,   (9 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f10, (10 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f11, (11 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f12, (12 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f13, (13 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f14, (14 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f15, (15 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f16, (16 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f17, (17 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f18, (18 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f19, (19 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f20, (20 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f21, (21 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f22, (22 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f23, (23 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f24, (24 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f25, (25 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f26, (26 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f27, (27 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f28, (28 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f29, (29 * 8)(t1)
        ldt     $f30, (30 * 8)(t1)

        RET
        END(restorefpstate)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * savectx: save process context, i.e. callee-saved registers
 *
 * Note that savectx() only works for processes other than curlwp,
 * since cpu_switchto will copy over the info saved here.  (It _can_
 * sanely be used for curlwp iff cpu_switchto won't be called again, e.g.
 * if called from boot().)
 *
 * N.B. this is actually only used by dumpsys().
 *
 * Arguments:
 *      a0      'struct pcb *' of the process that needs its context saved
 */

LEAF(savectx, 1)
        br      pv, 1f
1:      LDGP(pv)
        stq     sp, PCB_HWPCB_KSP(a0)           /* store sp */
        stq     s0, PCB_CONTEXT+(0 * 8)(a0)     /* store s0 - s6 */
        stq     s1, PCB_CONTEXT+(1 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s2, PCB_CONTEXT+(2 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s3, PCB_CONTEXT+(3 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s4, PCB_CONTEXT+(4 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s5, PCB_CONTEXT+(5 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s6, PCB_CONTEXT+(6 * 8)(a0)
        stq     ra, PCB_CONTEXT+(7 * 8)(a0)     /* store ra */
        RET
        END(savectx)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * void alpha_softint_switchto(struct lwp *current, int ipl, struct lwp *next)
 * Switch away from the current LWP to the specified softint LWP, and
 * dispatch to softint processing.
 * Arguments:
 *      a0      'struct lwp *' of the LWP to switch from
 *      a1      IPL that the softint will run at
 *      a2      'struct lwp *' of the LWP to switch to
 *
 * N.B. We have arranged that a0 and a1 are already set up correctly
 * for the call to softint_dispatch().
 */
NESTED_NOPROFILE(alpha_softint_switchto, 3, 16, ra, IM_RA, 0)
        LDGP(pv)

        ldq     a3, L_PCB(a0)                   /* a3 = from->l_pcb */

        lda     sp, -16(sp)                     /* set up stack frame */
        stq     ra, 0(sp)                       /* save ra */

        /*
         * Step 1: Save the current LWP's context.  We don't
         * save the return address directly; instead, we arrange
         * for it to bounce through a trampoline that fixes up
         * the state in case the softint LWP blocks.
         */
        stq     sp, PCB_HWPCB_KSP(a3)           /* store sp */
        stq     s0, PCB_CONTEXT+(0 * 8)(a3)     /* store s0 - s6 */
        stq     s1, PCB_CONTEXT+(1 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s2, PCB_CONTEXT+(2 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s3, PCB_CONTEXT+(3 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s4, PCB_CONTEXT+(4 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s5, PCB_CONTEXT+(5 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s6, PCB_CONTEXT+(6 * 8)(a3)

        /* Set the trampoline address in saved context. */
        lda     v0, alpha_softint_return
        stq     v0, PCB_CONTEXT+(7 * 8)(a3)     /* store ra */

        /*
         * Step 2: Switch to the softint LWP's stack.
         * We always start at the top of the stack (i.e.
         * just below the trapframe).
         *
         * N.B. There is no need to restore any other registers
         * from the softint LWP's context; we are starting from
         * the root of the call graph.
         */
        ldq     sp, L_MD_TF(a2)

        /*
         * Step 3: Update curlwp.
         *
         * N.B. We save off the from-LWP argument that will be passed
         * to softint_dispatch() in s0, which we'll need to restore
         * before returning.  If we bounce through the trampoline, the
         * context switch will restore it for us.
         */
        mov     a0, s0                  /* s0 = from LWP */
        SET_CURLWP(a2)                  /* clobbers a0, v0, t0, t8..t11 */

        /*
         * Step 4: Call softint_dispatch().
         *
         * N.B. a1 already has the IPL argument.
         */
        mov     s0, a0                  /* a0 = from LWP */
        CALL(softint_dispatch)

        /*
         * Step 5: Restore everything and return.
         */
        ldq     a3, L_PCB(s0)                   /* a3 = from->l_pcb */
        SET_CURLWP(s0)                  /* clobbers a0, v0, t0, t8..t11 */
        ldq     sp, PCB_HWPCB_KSP(a3)           /* restore sp */
        ldq     s0, PCB_CONTEXT+(0 * 8)(a3)     /* restore s0 */
        ldq     ra, 0(sp)                       /* restore ra */
        lda     sp, 16(sp)                      /* pop stack frame */
        RET
        END(alpha_softint_switchto)

LEAF_NOPROFILE(alpha_softint_return, 0)
        /*
         * Step 1: Go to IPL_HIGH, which is what the alpha_softint_dispatch()
         * expects.  We will have arrived here at IPL_SCHED.
         */
        ldiq    a0, ALPHA_PSL_IPL_HIGH
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_swpipl

        /*
         * Step 2: Re-adjust the mutex count after mi_switch().
         */
        GET_CURLWP
        ldq     v0, L_CPU(v0)
        ldl     t0, CPU_INFO_MTX_COUNT(v0)
        addl    t0, 1, t0
        stl     t0, CPU_INFO_MTX_COUNT(v0)

        /*
         * Step 3: Pop alpha_softint_switchto()'s stack frame
         * and return.
         */
        ldq     ra, 0(sp)                       /* restore ra */
        lda     sp, 16(sp)                      /* pop stack frame */
        RET
        END(alpha_softint_return)

/*
 * struct lwp *cpu_switchto(struct lwp *current, struct lwp *next,
 *                          bool returning)
 * Switch to the specified next LWP
 * Arguments:
 *      a0      'struct lwp *' of the LWP to switch from
 *      a1      'struct lwp *' of the LWP to switch to
 *      a2      non-zero if we're returning to an interrupted LWP
 *              from a soft interrupt
 */
LEAF(cpu_switchto, 0)
        LDGP(pv)

        /*
         * do an inline savectx(), to save old context
         */
        ldq     a3, L_PCB(a0)
        /* NOTE: ksp is stored by the swpctx */
        stq     s0, PCB_CONTEXT+(0 * 8)(a3)     /* store s0 - s6 */
        stq     s1, PCB_CONTEXT+(1 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s2, PCB_CONTEXT+(2 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s3, PCB_CONTEXT+(3 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s4, PCB_CONTEXT+(4 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s5, PCB_CONTEXT+(5 * 8)(a3)
        stq     s6, PCB_CONTEXT+(6 * 8)(a3)
        stq     ra, PCB_CONTEXT+(7 * 8)(a3)     /* store ra */

        mov     a0, s4                          /* save old curlwp */
        mov     a1, s2                          /* save new lwp */

        /*
         * Check to see if we're doing a light-weight switch back to
         * an interrupted LWP (referred to as the "pinned" LWP) from
         * a softint LWP.  In this case we have been running on the
         * pinned LWP's context -- swpctx was not used to get here --
         * so we won't be using swpctx to go back, either.
         */
        bne     a2, 3f                  /* yes, go handle it */
        /* no, normal context switch */

        /* Switch to the new PCB. */
        ldq     a0, L_MD_PCBPADDR(s2)
        call_pal PAL_OSF1_swpctx        /* clobbers a0, t0, t8-t11, v0 */

1:      SET_CURLWP(s2)                  /* curlwp = l */

        /*
         * Now running on the new PCB.
         */
        ldq     s0, L_PCB(s2)

        /*
         * Check for restartable atomic sequences (RAS).
         */
        ldq     a0, L_PROC(s2)                  /* first ras_lookup() arg */
        ldq     t0, P_RASLIST(a0)               /* any RAS entries? */
        bne     t0, 4f                          /* yes, go deal with it */
2:
        mov     s4, v0                          /* return the old lwp */
        /*
         * Restore registers and return.
         * NOTE: ksp is restored by the swpctx.
         */
        ldq     s1, PCB_CONTEXT+(1 * 8)(s0)             /* restore s1-s6 */
        ldq     s2, PCB_CONTEXT+(2 * 8)(s0)
        ldq     s3, PCB_CONTEXT+(3 * 8)(s0)
        ldq     s4, PCB_CONTEXT+(4 * 8)(s0)
        ldq     s5, PCB_CONTEXT+(5 * 8)(s0)
        ldq     s6, PCB_CONTEXT+(6 * 8)(s0)
        ldq     ra, PCB_CONTEXT+(7 * 8)(s0)             /* restore ra */
        ldq     s0, PCB_CONTEXT+(0 * 8)(s0)             /* restore s0 */

        RET

3:      /*
         * Registers right now:
         *
         *      a0      old LWP
         *      a1      new LWP
         *      a3      old PCB
         *
         * What we need to do here is swap the stack, since we won't
         * be getting that from swpctx.
         */
        ldq     a2, L_PCB(a1)                   /* a2 = new PCB */
        stq     sp, PCB_HWPCB_KSP(a3)           /* save old SP */
        ldq     sp, PCB_HWPCB_KSP(a2)           /* restore new SP */
        br      1b                              /* finish up */

4:
        ldq     s1, L_MD_TF(s2)                 /* s1 = l->l_md.md_tf */
        ldq     a1, (FRAME_PC*8)(s1)            /* second ras_lookup() arg */
        CALL(ras_lookup)                        /* ras_lookup(p, PC) */
        addq    v0, 1, t0                       /* -1 means "not in ras" */
        beq     t0, 2b                          /* not in ras? return */
        stq     v0, (FRAME_PC*8)(s1)            /* in ras? fix up PC */
        br      2b                              /* finish up */

        END(cpu_switchto)

/*
 * lwp_trampoline()
 *
 * Arrange for a function to be invoked neatly, after a cpu_lwp_fork(),
 * which has set up our pcb_context for us.  But we actually *get here*
 * via cpu_switchto(), which returns the LWP we switched away from in v0.
 *
 * Invokes the function specified by the s0 register with the return
 * address specified by the s1 register and with one argument specified
 * by the s2 register.
 */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(lwp_trampoline, 0)
        mov     v0, a0          /* a0 = prev_lwp (from cpu_switchto()) */
        mov     s3, a1          /* a1 = new_lwp (that's us!) */
        CALL(lwp_startup)       /* lwp_startup(prev_lwp, new_lwp); */
        mov     s0, pv          /* pv = func */
        mov     s1, ra          /* ra = (probably exception_return()) */
        mov     s2, a0          /* a0 = arg */
        jmp     zero, (pv)      /* func(arg) */
        END(lwp_trampoline)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * alpha_copystr(const void *from, void *to, size_t len, size_t *donep)
 */
        .arch   ev56
LEAF(alpha_copystr_bwx, 4)
        LDGP(pv)

        mov     a2, t0                  /* t0 = i = len */
        beq     a2, 5f                  /* if (len == 0), bail */

1:      ldbu    t1, 0(a0)               /* t1 = *from */
        subl    a2, 1, a2               /* len-- */
        addq    a0, 1, a0               /* from++ */
        stb     t1, 0(a1)               /* *to = t1 */
        beq     t1, 2f                  /* if (t1 == '\0'), bail out */
        addq    a1, 1, a1               /* to++ */
        bne     a2, 1b                  /* if (len != 0), copy more */

2:      beq     a3, 3f                  /* if (lenp != NULL) */
        subl    t0, a2, t0              /* *lenp = (i - len) */
        stq     t0, 0(a3)
3:      bne     t1, 4f                  /* *from != '\0'; leave in a huff */

        mov     zero, v0                /* return 0. */
        RET

4:      ldiq    v0, ENAMETOOLONG
        RET

5:      ldiq    t1, 1                   /* fool the test above... */
        br      zero, 2b

        nop                             /* pad to same length as... */
        nop                             /* non-BWX version. */
        nop
        nop
        nop
        EXPORT(alpha_copystr_bwx_end)
        END(alpha_copystr_bwx)
        .arch   ev4

LEAF(alpha_copystr, 4)
        LDGP(pv)

        mov     a2, t0                  /* t0 = i = len */
        beq     a2, 5f                  /* if (len == 0), bail */

1:      ldq_u   t1, 0(a0)               /* t1 = *from */
        extbl   t1, a0, t1
        ldq_u   t3, 0(a1)               /* set up t2 with quad around *to */
        insbl   t1, a1, t2
        mskbl   t3, a1, t3
        or      t3, t2, t3              /* add *from to quad around *to */
        stq_u   t3, 0(a1)               /* write out that quad */

        subl    a2, 1, a2               /* len-- */
        beq     t1, 2f                  /* if (*from == 0), bail out */
        addq    a1, 1, a1               /* to++ */
        addq    a0, 1, a0               /* from++ */
        bne     a2, 1b                  /* if (len != 0) copy more */

2:      beq     a3, 3f                  /* if (lenp != NULL) */
        subl    t0, a2, t0              /* *lenp = (i - len) */
        stq     t0, 0(a3)
3:      bne     t1, 4f                  /* *from != '\0'; leave in a huff */

        mov     zero, v0                /* return 0. */
        RET

4:      ldiq    v0, ENAMETOOLONG
        RET

5:      ldiq    t1, 1                   /* fool the test above... */
        br      zero, 2b
        EXPORT(alpha_copystr_end)
        END(alpha_copystr)

NESTED(copyinstr, 4, 16, ra, IM_RA|IM_S0, 0)
        LDGP(pv)
        lda     sp, -16(sp)                     /* set up stack frame        */
        stq     ra, (16-8)(sp)                  /* save ra                   */
        stq     s0, (16-16)(sp)                 /* save s0                   */
        ldiq    t0, VM_MAX_ADDRESS              /* make sure that src addr   */
        cmpult  a0, t0, t1                      /* is in user space.         */
        beq     t1, copyerr_efault              /* if it's not, error out.   */
        /* Note: GET_CURLWP clobbers v0, t0, t8...t11. */
        GET_CURLWP
        ldq     s0, L_PCB(v0)                   /* s0 = pcb                  */
        lda     v0, copyerr                     /* set up fault handler.     */
        stq     v0, PCB_ONFAULT(s0)
        CALL(alpha_copystr)                     /* do the copy.              */
        stq     zero, PCB_ONFAULT(s0)           /* kill the fault handler.   */
        ldq     ra, (16-8)(sp)                  /* restore ra.               */
        ldq     s0, (16-16)(sp)                 /* restore s0.               */
        lda     sp, 16(sp)                      /* kill stack frame.         */
        RET                                     /* v0 left over from copystr */
        END(copyinstr)

NESTED(copyoutstr, 4, 16, ra, IM_RA|IM_S0, 0)
        LDGP(pv)
        lda     sp, -16(sp)                     /* set up stack frame        */
        stq     ra, (16-8)(sp)                  /* save ra                   */
        stq     s0, (16-16)(sp)                 /* save s0                   */
        ldiq    t0, VM_MAX_ADDRESS              /* make sure that dest addr  */
        cmpult  a1, t0, t1                      /* is in user space.         */
        beq     t1, copyerr_efault              /* if it's not, error out.   */
        /* Note: GET_CURLWP clobbers v0, t0, t8...t11. */
        GET_CURLWP
        ldq     s0, L_PCB(v0)                   /* s0 = pcb                  */
        lda     v0, copyerr                     /* set up fault handler.     */
        stq     v0, PCB_ONFAULT(s0)
        CALL(alpha_copystr)                     /* do the copy.              */
        stq     zero, PCB_ONFAULT(s0)           /* kill the fault handler.   */
        ldq     ra, (16-8)(sp)                  /* restore ra.               */
        ldq     s0, (16-16)(sp)                 /* restore s0.               */
        lda     sp, 16(sp)                      /* kill stack frame.         */
        RET                                     /* v0 left over from copystr */
        END(copyoutstr)

/*
 * kcopy(const void *src, void *dst, size_t len);
 *
 * Copy len bytes from src to dst, aborting if we encounter a fatal
 * page fault.
 *
 * kcopy() _must_ save and restore the old fault handler since it is
 * called by uiomove(), which may be in the path of servicing a non-fatal
 * page fault.
 *
 * N.B. This implementation is a wrapper around memcpy(), which is
 * implemented in src/common/lib/libc/arch/alpha/string/bcopy.S.
 * This is safe ONLY because we know that, as implemented, it is
 * a LEAF function (and thus does not use any callee-saved registers).
 */
NESTED(kcopy, 3, 32, ra, IM_RA|IM_S0|IM_S1, 0)
        LDGP(pv)
        lda     sp, -32(sp)                     /* set up stack frame        */
        stq     ra, (32-8)(sp)                  /* save ra                   */
        stq     s0, (32-16)(sp)                 /* save s0                   */
        stq     s1, (32-24)(sp)                 /* save s1                   */
        /* Swap a0, a1, for call to memcpy(). */
        mov     a1, v0
        mov     a0, a1
        mov     v0, a0
        /* Note: GET_CURLWP clobbers v0, t0, t8...t11. */
        GET_CURLWP
        ldq     s1, L_PCB(v0)                   /* s1 = pcb                  */
        lda     v0, kcopyerr                    /* set up fault handler.     */
        ldq     s0, PCB_ONFAULT(s1)             /* save old handler.         */
        stq     v0, PCB_ONFAULT(s1)
        CALL(memcpy)                            /* do the copy.              */
        stq     s0, PCB_ONFAULT(s1)             /* restore the old handler.  */
        ldq     ra, (32-8)(sp)                  /* restore ra.               */
        ldq     s0, (32-16)(sp)                 /* restore s0.               */
        ldq     s1, (32-24)(sp)                 /* restore s1.               */
        lda     sp, 32(sp)                      /* kill stack frame.         */
        mov     zero, v0                        /* return 0. */
        RET
        END(kcopy)

LEAF(kcopyerr, 0)
        LDGP(pv)
        stq     s0, PCB_ONFAULT(s1)             /* s1 == pcb (from above)    */
        ldq     ra, (32-8)(sp)                  /* restore ra.               */
        ldq     s0, (32-16)(sp)                 /* restore s0.               */
        ldq     s1, (32-24)(sp)                 /* restore s1.               */
        lda     sp, 32(sp)                      /* kill stack frame.         */
        RET
END(kcopyerr)

NESTED(copyin, 3, 16, ra, IM_RA|IM_S0, 0)
        LDGP(pv)
        lda     sp, -16(sp)                     /* set up stack frame        */
        stq     ra, (16-8)(sp)                  /* save ra                   */
        stq     s0, (16-16)(sp)                 /* save s0                   */
        ldiq    t0, VM_MAX_ADDRESS              /* make sure that src addr   */
        cmpult  a0, t0, t1                      /* is in user space.         */
        beq     t1, copyerr_efault              /* if it's not, error out.   */
        /* Swap a0, a1, for call to memcpy(). */
        mov     a1, v0
        mov     a0, a1
        mov     v0, a0
        /* Note: GET_CURLWP clobbers v0, t0, t8...t11. */
        GET_CURLWP
        ldq     s0, L_PCB(v0)                   /* s = pcb                   */
        lda     v0, copyerr                     /* set up fault handler.     */
        stq     v0, PCB_ONFAULT(s0)
        CALL(memcpy)                            /* do the copy.              */
        stq     zero, PCB_ONFAULT(s0)           /* kill the fault handler.   */
        ldq     ra, (16-8)(sp)                  /* restore ra.               */
        ldq     s0, (16-16)(sp)                 /* restore s0.               */
        lda     sp, 16(sp)                      /* kill stack frame.         */
        mov     zero, v0                        /* return 0. */
        RET
        END(copyin)

NESTED(copyout, 3, 16, ra, IM_RA|IM_S0, 0)
        LDGP(pv)
        lda     sp, -16(sp)                     /* set up stack frame        */
        stq     ra, (16-8)(sp)                  /* save ra                   */
        stq     s0, (16-16)(sp)                 /* save s0                   */
        ldiq    t0, VM_MAX_ADDRESS              /* make sure that dest addr  */
        cmpult  a1, t0, t1                      /* is in user space.         */
        beq     t1, copyerr_efault              /* if it's not, error out.   */
        /* Swap a0, a1, for call to memcpy(). */
        mov     a1, v0
        mov     a0, a1
        mov     v0, a0
        /* Note: GET_CURLWP clobbers v0, t0, t8...t11. */
        GET_CURLWP
        ldq     s0, L_PCB(v0)                   /* s0 = pcb                  */
        lda     v0, copyerr                     /* set up fault handler.     */
        stq     v0, PCB_ONFAULT(s0)
        CALL(memcpy)                            /* do the copy.              */
        stq     zero, PCB_ONFAULT(s0)           /* kill the fault handler.   */
        ldq     ra, (16-8)(sp)                  /* restore ra.               */
        ldq     s0, (16-16)(sp)                 /* restore s0.               */
        lda     sp, 16(sp)                      /* kill stack frame.         */
        mov     zero, v0                        /* return 0. */
        RET
        END(copyout)

LEAF(copyerr_efault, 0)
        ldiq    v0, EFAULT                      /* return EFAULT.            */
XLEAF(copyerr, 0)
        LDGP(pv)
        ldq     ra, (16-8)(sp)                  /* restore ra.               */
        ldq     s0, (16-16)(sp)                 /* restore s0.               */
        lda     sp, 16(sp)                      /* kill stack frame.         */
        RET
END(copyerr)

/**************************************************************************/

#define UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE                                             \
        br      pv, 1f                                                  ;\
1:      LDGP(pv)                                                        ;\
        ldiq    t0, VM_MAX_ADDRESS      /* make sure that addr */       ;\
        cmpult  a0, t0, t1              /* is in user space. */         ;\
        beq     t1, ufetchstoreerr_efault /* if it's not, error out. */

/* LINTSTUB: int _ufetch_8(const uint8_t *uaddr, uint8_t *valp); */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ufetch_8, 2)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
.L_ufetch_8_start:
        ldq_u   t0, 0(a0)       /* load quad containing byte */
.L_ufetch_8_end:
        extbl   t0, a0, a0      /* a0 = extracted byte */
        ldq_u   t0, 0(a1)       /* load dest quad */
        insbl   a0, a1, a0      /* a0 = byte in target position */
        mskbl   t0, a1, t0      /* clear target byte in destination */
        or      a0, t0, a0      /* or in byte to destination */
        stq_u   a0, 0(a1)       /* *a1 = fetched byte! */
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
        END(_ufetch_8)

/* LINTSTUB: int _ufetch_16(const uint16_t *uaddr, uint16_t *valp); */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ufetch_16, 2)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
.L_ufetch_16_start:
        ldq_u   t0, 0(a0)       /* load quad containing short */
.L_ufetch_16_end:
        extwl   t0, a0, a0      /* a0 = extracted short */
        ldq_u   t0, 0(a1)       /* load dest quad */
        inswl   a0, a1, a0      /* a0 = short in target position */
        mskwl   t0, a1, t0      /* clear target short in destination */
        or      a0, t0, a0      /* or in short to destination */
        stq_u   a0, 0(a1)       /* *a1 = fetched short! */
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
        END(_ufetch_16)

/* LINTSTUB: int _ufetch_32(const uint32_t *uaddr, uint32_t *valp); */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ufetch_32, 2)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
.L_ufetch_32_start:
        ldl     v0, 0(a0)
.L_ufetch_32_end:
        stl     v0, 0(a1)
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
        END(_ufetch_32)

/* LINTSTUB: int _ufetch_64(const uint64_t *uaddr, uint64_t *valp); */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ufetch_64, 2)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
.L_ufetch_64_start:
        ldq     v0, 0(a0)
.L_ufetch_64_end:
        stq     v0, 0(a1)
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
        END(_ufetch_64)

/* LINTSTUB: int _ustore_8(uint8_t *uaddr, uint8_t val); */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ustore_8, 2)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
        zap     a1, 0xfe, a1    /* kill arg's high bytes */
        insbl   a1, a0, a1      /* move it to the right spot */
.L_ustore_8_start:
        ldq_u   t0, 0(a0)       /* load quad around byte */
        mskbl   t0, a0, t0      /* kill the target byte */
        or      t0, a1, a1      /* put the result together */
        stq_u   a1, 0(a0)       /* and store it. */
.L_ustore_8_end:
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
        END(_ustore_8)

/* LINTSTUB: int _ustore_16(uint16_t *uaddr, uint16_t val); */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ustore_16, 2)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
        zap     a1, 0xfc, a1    /* kill arg's high bytes */
        inswl   a1, a0, a1      /* move it to the right spot */
.L_ustore_16_start:
        ldq_u   t0, 0(a0)       /* load quad around short */
        mskwl   t0, a0, t0      /* kill the target short */
        or      t0, a1, a1      /* put the result together */
        stq_u   a1, 0(a0)       /* and store it. */
.L_ustore_16_end:
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
        END(_ustore_16)

/* LINTSTUB: int _ustore_32(uint32_t *uaddr, uint32_t val); */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ustore_32, 2)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
.L_ustore_32_start:
        stl     a1, 0(a0)
.L_ustore_32_end:
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
        END(_ustore_32)

/* LINTSTUB: int _ustore_64(uint64_t *uaddr, uint64_t val); */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ustore_64, 2)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
.L_ustore_64_start:
        stq     a1, 0(a0)
.L_ustore_64_end:
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
        END(_ustore_64)

LEAF_NOPROFILE(ufetchstoreerr_efault, 0)
        ldiq    v0, EFAULT      /* return EFAULT. */
XLEAF(ufetchstoreerr, 0)
        LDGP(pv)
        RET
        END(ufetchstoreerr_efault)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * int _ucas_32(volatile uint32_t *uptr, uint32_t old, uint32_t new,
 *              uint32_t *ret);
 */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ucas_32, 4)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
3:
.Lucas_32_start:
        mov     a2, t2
        ldl_l   t0, 0(a0)                       /* t0 = *uptr */
        cmpeq   t0, a1, t1                      /* does t0 = old? */
        beq     t1, 1f                          /* if not, skip */
        stl_c   t2, 0(a0)                       /* *uptr ~= new */
.Lucas_32_end:
        beq     t1, 2f                          /* did it work? */
1:
        stl     t0, 0(a3)                       /* *ret = t0 */
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
2:
        br      3b
END(_ucas_32)

/*
 * int _ucas_64(volatile uint64_t *uptr, uint64_t old, uint64_t new,
 *              uint64_t *ret);
 */
LEAF_NOPROFILE(_ucas_64, 4)
        UFETCHSTORE_PROLOGUE
3:
.Lucas_64_start:
        mov     a2, t2
        ldq_l   t0, 0(a0)                       /* t0 = *uptr */
        cmpeq   t0, a1, t1                      /* does t0 = old? */
        beq     t1, 1f                          /* if not, skip */
        stq_c   t2, 0(a0)                       /* *uptr ~= new */
.Lucas_64_end:
        beq     t1, 2f                          /* did it work? */
1:
        stq     t0, 0(a3)                       /* *ret = t0 */
        mov     zero, v0
        RET
2:
        br      3b
END(_ucas_64)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * Fault table of user access functions for trap().
 */
        .section ".rodata"
        .globl  onfault_table
onfault_table:
        .quad   .L_ufetch_8_start
        .quad   .L_ufetch_8_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   .L_ufetch_16_start
        .quad   .L_ufetch_16_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   .L_ufetch_32_start
        .quad   .L_ufetch_32_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   .L_ufetch_64_start
        .quad   .L_ufetch_64_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   .L_ustore_8_start
        .quad   .L_ustore_8_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   .L_ustore_16_start
        .quad   .L_ustore_16_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   .L_ustore_32_start
        .quad   .L_ustore_32_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   .L_ustore_64_start
        .quad   .L_ustore_64_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   .Lucas_32_start
        .quad   .Lucas_32_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   .Lucas_64_start
        .quad   .Lucas_64_end
        .quad   ufetchstoreerr

        .quad   0

        .text

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * console 'restart' routine to be placed in HWRPB.
 */
LEAF(XentRestart, 1)                    /* XXX should be NESTED */
        .set noat
        lda     sp,-(FRAME_SIZE*8)(sp)
        stq     at_reg,(FRAME_AT*8)(sp)
        .set at
        stq     v0,(FRAME_V0*8)(sp)
        stq     a0,(FRAME_A0*8)(sp)
        stq     a1,(FRAME_A1*8)(sp)
        stq     a2,(FRAME_A2*8)(sp)
        stq     a3,(FRAME_A3*8)(sp)
        stq     a4,(FRAME_A4*8)(sp)
        stq     a5,(FRAME_A5*8)(sp)
        stq     s0,(FRAME_S0*8)(sp)
        stq     s1,(FRAME_S1*8)(sp)
        stq     s2,(FRAME_S2*8)(sp)
        stq     s3,(FRAME_S3*8)(sp)
        stq     s4,(FRAME_S4*8)(sp)
        stq     s5,(FRAME_S5*8)(sp)
        stq     s6,(FRAME_S6*8)(sp)
        stq     t0,(FRAME_T0*8)(sp)
        stq     t1,(FRAME_T1*8)(sp)
        stq     t2,(FRAME_T2*8)(sp)
        stq     t3,(FRAME_T3*8)(sp)
        stq     t4,(FRAME_T4*8)(sp)
        stq     t5,(FRAME_T5*8)(sp)
        stq     t6,(FRAME_T6*8)(sp)
        stq     t7,(FRAME_T7*8)(sp)
        stq     t8,(FRAME_T8*8)(sp)
        stq     t9,(FRAME_T9*8)(sp)
        stq     t10,(FRAME_T10*8)(sp)
        stq     t11,(FRAME_T11*8)(sp)
        stq     t12,(FRAME_T12*8)(sp)
        stq     ra,(FRAME_RA*8)(sp)

        br      pv,1f
1:      LDGP(pv)

        mov     sp,a0
        CALL(console_restart)

        call_pal PAL_halt
        END(XentRestart)

/**************************************************************************/

/*
 * Kernel setjmp and longjmp.  Rather minimalist.
 *
 *      longjmp(label_t *a)
 * will generate a "return (1)" from the last call to
 *      setjmp(label_t *a)
 * by restoring registers from the stack,
 */

        .set    noreorder

LEAF(setjmp, 1)
        LDGP(pv)

        stq     ra, (0 * 8)(a0)                 /* return address */
        stq     s0, (1 * 8)(a0)                 /* callee-saved registers */
        stq     s1, (2 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s2, (3 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s3, (4 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s4, (5 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s5, (6 * 8)(a0)
        stq     s6, (7 * 8)(a0)
        stq     sp, (8 * 8)(a0)

        ldiq    t0, 0xbeeffedadeadbabe          /* set magic number */
        stq     t0, (9 * 8)(a0)

        mov     zero, v0                        /* return zero */
        RET
END(setjmp)

LEAF(longjmp, 1)
        LDGP(pv)

        ldiq    t0, 0xbeeffedadeadbabe          /* check magic number */
        ldq     t1, (9 * 8)(a0)
        cmpeq   t0, t1, t0
        beq     t0, longjmp_botch               /* if bad, punt */

        ldq     ra, (0 * 8)(a0)                 /* return address */
        ldq     s0, (1 * 8)(a0)                 /* callee-saved registers */
        ldq     s1, (2 * 8)(a0)
        ldq     s2, (3 * 8)(a0)
        ldq     s3, (4 * 8)(a0)
        ldq     s4, (5 * 8)(a0)
        ldq     s5, (6 * 8)(a0)
        ldq     s6, (7 * 8)(a0)
        ldq     sp, (8 * 8)(a0)

        ldiq    v0, 1
        RET

longjmp_botch:
        lda     a0, longjmp_botchmsg
        mov     ra, a1
        CALL(panic)
        call_pal PAL_bugchk

        .data
longjmp_botchmsg:
        .asciz  "longjmp botch from %p"
        .text
END(longjmp)

/*
 * void sts(int rn, u_int32_t *rval);
 * void stt(int rn, u_int64_t *rval);
 * void lds(int rn, u_int32_t *rval);
 * void ldt(int rn, u_int64_t *rval);
 */

.macro  make_freg_util name, op
        LEAF(alpha_\name, 2)
        and     a0, 0x1f, a0
        s8addq  a0, pv, pv
        addq    pv, 1f - alpha_\name, pv
        jmp     (pv)
1:
        rn = 0
        .rept   32
        \op     $f0 + rn, 0(a1)
        RET
        rn = rn + 1
        .endr
        END(alpha_\name)
.endm
/*
LEAF(alpha_sts, 2)
LEAF(alpha_stt, 2)
LEAF(alpha_lds, 2)
LEAF(alpha_ldt, 2)
 */
        make_freg_util sts, sts
        make_freg_util stt, stt
        make_freg_util lds, lds
        make_freg_util ldt, ldt

LEAF(alpha_read_fpcr, 0); f30save = 0; rettmp = 8; framesz = 16
        lda     sp, -framesz(sp)
        stt     $f30, f30save(sp)
        mf_fpcr $f30
        stt     $f30, rettmp(sp)
        ldt     $f30, f30save(sp)
        ldq     v0, rettmp(sp)
        lda     sp, framesz(sp)
        RET
END(alpha_read_fpcr)

LEAF(alpha_write_fpcr, 1); f30save = 0; fpcrtmp = 8; framesz = 16
        lda     sp, -framesz(sp)
        stq     a0, fpcrtmp(sp)
        stt     $f30, f30save(sp)
        ldt     $f30, fpcrtmp(sp)
        mt_fpcr $f30
        ldt     $f30, f30save(sp)
        lda     sp, framesz(sp)
        RET
END(alpha_write_fpcr)

LEAF(paravirt_membar_sync, 0)
        /*
         * Store-before-load ordering with respect to matching logic
         * on the hypervisor side.
         *
         * This is the same as membar_sync, but without hotpatching
         * away the MB instruction on uniprocessor boots -- because
         * under virtualization, we still have to coordinate with a
         * `device' backed by a hypervisor that is potentially on
         * another physical CPU even if we observe only one virtual CPU
         * as the guest.
         */
        mb
        RET
END(paravirt_membar_sync)