/* Because this code is derived from the 4.3BSD compress source:
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1985, 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * James A. Woods, derived from original work by Spencer Thomas
 * and Joseph Orost.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed by the University of
 *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/*
 * $Id: bsd-comp.c,v 1.3 1999/04/16 11:35:59 paulus Exp $
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#ifdef PPP_DEFS_IN_NET
#include <net/ppp_defs.h>
#else
#include "ppp_defs.h"
#endif
#include "ppp-comp.h"

#if DO_BSD_COMPRESS

/*
 * PPP "BSD compress" compression
 *  The differences between this compression and the classic BSD LZW
 *  source are obvious from the requirement that the classic code worked
 *  with files while this handles arbitrarily long streams that
 *  are broken into packets.  They are:
 *
 *      When the code size expands, a block of junk is not emitted by
 *          the compressor and not expected by the decompressor.
 *
 *      New codes are not necessarily assigned every time an old
 *          code is output by the compressor.  This is because a packet
 *          end forces a code to be emitted, but does not imply that a
 *          new sequence has been seen.
 *
 *      The compression ratio is checked at the first end of a packet
 *          after the appropriate gap.  Besides simplifying and speeding
 *          things up, this makes it more likely that the transmitter
 *          and receiver will agree when the dictionary is cleared when
 *          compression is not going well.
 */

/*
 * A dictionary for doing BSD compress.
 */
struct bsd_db {
    int     totlen;                     /* length of this structure */
    u_int   hsize;                      /* size of the hash table */
    u_char  hshift;                     /* used in hash function */
    u_char  n_bits;                     /* current bits/code */
    u_char  maxbits;
    u_char  debug;
    u_char  unit;
    u_short seqno;                      /* sequence number of next packet */
    u_int   hdrlen;                     /* header length to preallocate */
    u_int   mru;
    u_int   maxmaxcode;                 /* largest valid code */
    u_int   max_ent;                    /* largest code in use */
    u_int   in_count;                   /* uncompressed bytes, aged */
    u_int   bytes_out;                  /* compressed bytes, aged */
    u_int   ratio;                      /* recent compression ratio */
    u_int   checkpoint;                 /* when to next check the ratio */
    u_int   clear_count;                /* times dictionary cleared */
    u_int   incomp_count;               /* incompressible packets */
    u_int   incomp_bytes;               /* incompressible bytes */
    u_int   uncomp_count;               /* uncompressed packets */
    u_int   uncomp_bytes;               /* uncompressed bytes */
    u_int   comp_count;                 /* compressed packets */
    u_int   comp_bytes;                 /* compressed bytes */
    u_short *lens;                      /* array of lengths of codes */
    struct bsd_dict {
        union {                         /* hash value */
            u_int32_t   fcode;
            struct {
#ifdef BSD_LITTLE_ENDIAN
                u_short prefix;         /* preceding code */
                u_char  suffix;         /* last character of new code */
                u_char  pad;
#else
                u_char  pad;
                u_char  suffix;         /* last character of new code */
                u_short prefix;         /* preceding code */
#endif
            } hs;
        } f;
        u_short codem1;                 /* output of hash table -1 */
        u_short cptr;                   /* map code to hash table entry */
    } dict[1];
};

#define BSD_OVHD        2               /* BSD compress overhead/packet */
#define BSD_INIT_BITS   BSD_MIN_BITS

static void     *bsd_decomp_alloc __P((u_char *options, int opt_len));
static void     bsd_free __P((void *state));
static int      bsd_decomp_init __P((void *state, u_char *options, int opt_len,
                                     int unit, int hdrlen, int mru, int debug));
static void     bsd_incomp __P((void *state, u_char *dmsg, int len));
static int      bsd_decompress __P((void *state, u_char *cmp, int inlen,
                                    u_char *dmp, int *outlen));
static void     bsd_reset __P((void *state));
static void     bsd_comp_stats __P((void *state, struct compstat *stats));

/*
 * Exported procedures.
 */
struct compressor ppp_bsd_compress = {
    CI_BSD_COMPRESS,            /* compress_proto */
    bsd_decomp_alloc,           /* decomp_alloc */
    bsd_free,                   /* decomp_free */
    bsd_decomp_init,            /* decomp_init */
    bsd_reset,                  /* decomp_reset */
    bsd_decompress,             /* decompress */
    bsd_incomp,                 /* incomp */
    bsd_comp_stats,             /* decomp_stat */
};

/*
 * the next two codes should not be changed lightly, as they must not
 * lie within the contiguous general code space.
 */
#define CLEAR   256                     /* table clear output code */
#define FIRST   257                     /* first free entry */
#define LAST    255

#define MAXCODE(b)      ((1 << (b)) - 1)
#define BADCODEM1       MAXCODE(BSD_MAX_BITS)

#define BSD_HASH(prefix,suffix,hshift)  ((((u_int32_t)(suffix)) << (hshift)) \
                                         ^ (u_int32_t)(prefix))
#define BSD_KEY(prefix,suffix)          ((((u_int32_t)(suffix)) << 16) \
                                         + (u_int32_t)(prefix))

#define CHECK_GAP       10000           /* Ratio check interval */

#define RATIO_SCALE_LOG 8
#define RATIO_SCALE     (1<<RATIO_SCALE_LOG)
#define RATIO_MAX       (0x7fffffff>>RATIO_SCALE_LOG)

/*
 * clear the dictionary
 */
static void
bsd_clear(db)
    struct bsd_db *db;
{
    db->clear_count++;
    db->max_ent = FIRST-1;
    db->n_bits = BSD_INIT_BITS;
    db->ratio = 0;
    db->bytes_out = 0;
    db->in_count = 0;
    db->checkpoint = CHECK_GAP;
}

/*
 * If the dictionary is full, then see if it is time to reset it.
 *
 * Compute the compression ratio using fixed-point arithmetic
 * with 8 fractional bits.
 *
 * Since we have an infinite stream instead of a single file,
 * watch only the local compression ratio.
 *
 * Since both peers must reset the dictionary at the same time even in
 * the absence of CLEAR codes (while packets are incompressible), they
 * must compute the same ratio.
 */
static int                              /* 1=output CLEAR */
bsd_check(db)
    struct bsd_db *db;
{
    u_int new_ratio;

    if (db->in_count >= db->checkpoint) {
        /* age the ratio by limiting the size of the counts */
        if (db->in_count >= RATIO_MAX
            || db->bytes_out >= RATIO_MAX) {
            db->in_count -= db->in_count/4;
            db->bytes_out -= db->bytes_out/4;
        }

        db->checkpoint = db->in_count + CHECK_GAP;

        if (db->max_ent >= db->maxmaxcode) {
            /* Reset the dictionary only if the ratio is worse,
             * or if it looks as if it has been poisoned
             * by incompressible data.
             *
             * This does not overflow, because
             *  db->in_count <= RATIO_MAX.
             */
            new_ratio = db->in_count << RATIO_SCALE_LOG;
            if (db->bytes_out != 0)
                new_ratio /= db->bytes_out;

            if (new_ratio < db->ratio || new_ratio < 1 * RATIO_SCALE) {
                bsd_clear(db);
                return 1;
            }
            db->ratio = new_ratio;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Return statistics.
 */
static void
bsd_comp_stats(state, stats)
    void *state;
    struct compstat *stats;
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;
    u_int out;

    stats->unc_bytes = db->uncomp_bytes;
    stats->unc_packets = db->uncomp_count;
    stats->comp_bytes = db->comp_bytes;
    stats->comp_packets = db->comp_count;
    stats->inc_bytes = db->incomp_bytes;
    stats->inc_packets = db->incomp_count;
    stats->ratio = db->in_count;
    out = db->bytes_out;
    if (stats->ratio <= 0x7fffff)
        stats->ratio <<= 8;
    else
        out >>= 8;
    if (out != 0)
        stats->ratio /= out;
}

/*
 * Reset state, as on a CCP ResetReq.
 */
static void
bsd_reset(state)
    void *state;
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;

    db->seqno = 0;
    bsd_clear(db);
    db->clear_count = 0;
}

/*
 * Allocate space for a (de) compressor.
 */
static void *
bsd_alloc(options, opt_len, decomp)
    u_char *options;
    int opt_len, decomp;
{
    int bits;
    u_int newlen, hsize, hshift, maxmaxcode;
    struct bsd_db *db;

    if (opt_len != 3 || options[0] != CI_BSD_COMPRESS || options[1] != 3
        || BSD_VERSION(options[2]) != BSD_CURRENT_VERSION)
        return NULL;

    bits = BSD_NBITS(options[2]);
    switch (bits) {
    case 9:                     /* needs 82152 for both directions */
    case 10:                    /* needs 84144 */
    case 11:                    /* needs 88240 */
    case 12:                    /* needs 96432 */
        hsize = 5003;
        hshift = 4;
        break;
    case 13:                    /* needs 176784 */
        hsize = 9001;
        hshift = 5;
        break;
    case 14:                    /* needs 353744 */
        hsize = 18013;
        hshift = 6;
        break;
    case 15:                    /* needs 691440 */
        hsize = 35023;
        hshift = 7;
        break;
    case 16:                    /* needs 1366160--far too much, */
        /* hsize = 69001; */    /* and 69001 is too big for cptr */
        /* hshift = 8; */       /* in struct bsd_db */
        /* break; */
    default:
        return NULL;
    }

    maxmaxcode = MAXCODE(bits);
    newlen = sizeof(*db) + (hsize-1) * (sizeof(db->dict[0]));
    db = (struct bsd_db *) malloc(newlen);
    if (!db)
        return NULL;
    memset(db, 0, sizeof(*db) - sizeof(db->dict));

    if (!decomp) {
        db->lens = NULL;
    } else {
        db->lens = (u_short *) malloc((maxmaxcode+1) * sizeof(db->lens[0]));
        if (!db->lens) {
            free(db);
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    db->totlen = newlen;
    db->hsize = hsize;
    db->hshift = hshift;
    db->maxmaxcode = maxmaxcode;
    db->maxbits = bits;

    return (void *) db;
}

static void
bsd_free(state)
    void *state;
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;

    if (db->lens)
        free(db->lens);
    free(db);
}

static void *
bsd_decomp_alloc(options, opt_len)
    u_char *options;
    int opt_len;
{
    return bsd_alloc(options, opt_len, 1);
}

/*
 * Initialize the database.
 */
static int
bsd_init(db, options, opt_len, unit, hdrlen, mru, debug, decomp)
    struct bsd_db *db;
    u_char *options;
    int opt_len, unit, hdrlen, mru, debug, decomp;
{
    int i;

    if (opt_len < CILEN_BSD_COMPRESS
        || options[0] != CI_BSD_COMPRESS || options[1] != CILEN_BSD_COMPRESS
        || BSD_VERSION(options[2]) != BSD_CURRENT_VERSION
        || BSD_NBITS(options[2]) != db->maxbits
        || decomp && db->lens == NULL)
        return 0;

    if (decomp) {
        i = LAST+1;
        while (i != 0)
            db->lens[--i] = 1;
    }
    i = db->hsize;
    while (i != 0) {
        db->dict[--i].codem1 = BADCODEM1;
        db->dict[i].cptr = 0;
    }

    db->unit = unit;
    db->hdrlen = hdrlen;
    db->mru = mru;
    if (debug)
        db->debug = 1;

    bsd_reset(db);

    return 1;
}

static int
bsd_decomp_init(state, options, opt_len, unit, hdrlen, mru, debug)
    void *state;
    u_char *options;
    int opt_len, unit, hdrlen, mru, debug;
{
    return bsd_init((struct bsd_db *) state, options, opt_len,
                    unit, hdrlen, mru, debug, 1);
}


/*
 * Update the "BSD Compress" dictionary on the receiver for
 * incompressible data by pretending to compress the incoming data.
 */
static void
bsd_incomp(state, dmsg, mlen)
    void *state;
    u_char *dmsg;
    int mlen;
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;
    u_int hshift = db->hshift;
    u_int max_ent = db->max_ent;
    u_int n_bits = db->n_bits;
    struct bsd_dict *dictp;
    u_int32_t fcode;
    u_char c;
    long hval, disp;
    int slen, ilen;
    u_int bitno = 7;
    u_char *rptr;
    u_int ent;

    rptr = dmsg;
    ent = rptr[0];              /* get the protocol */
    if (ent == 0) {
        ++rptr;
        --mlen;
        ent = rptr[0];
    }
    if ((ent & 1) == 0 || ent < 0x21 || ent > 0xf9)
        return;

    db->seqno++;
    ilen = 1;           /* count the protocol as 1 byte */
    ++rptr;
    slen = dmsg + mlen - rptr;
    ilen += slen;
    for (; slen > 0; --slen) {
        c = *rptr++;
        fcode = BSD_KEY(ent, c);
        hval = BSD_HASH(ent, c, hshift);
        dictp = &db->dict[hval];

        /* validate and then check the entry */
        if (dictp->codem1 >= max_ent)
            goto nomatch;
        if (dictp->f.fcode == fcode) {
            ent = dictp->codem1+1;
            continue;   /* found (prefix,suffix) */
        }

        /* continue probing until a match or invalid entry */
        disp = (hval == 0) ? 1 : hval;
        do {
            hval += disp;
            if (hval >= db->hsize)
                hval -= db->hsize;
            dictp = &db->dict[hval];
            if (dictp->codem1 >= max_ent)
                goto nomatch;
        } while (dictp->f.fcode != fcode);
        ent = dictp->codem1+1;
        continue;       /* finally found (prefix,suffix) */

    nomatch:            /* output (count) the prefix */
        bitno += n_bits;

        /* code -> hashtable */
        if (max_ent < db->maxmaxcode) {
            struct bsd_dict *dictp2;
            /* expand code size if needed */
            if (max_ent >= MAXCODE(n_bits))
                db->n_bits = ++n_bits;

            /* Invalidate previous hash table entry
             * assigned this code, and then take it over.
             */
            dictp2 = &db->dict[max_ent+1];
            if (db->dict[dictp2->cptr].codem1 == max_ent)
                db->dict[dictp2->cptr].codem1 = BADCODEM1;
            dictp2->cptr = hval;
            dictp->codem1 = max_ent;
            dictp->f.fcode = fcode;

            db->max_ent = ++max_ent;
            db->lens[max_ent] = db->lens[ent]+1;
        }
        ent = c;
    }
    bitno += n_bits;            /* output (count) the last code */
    db->bytes_out += bitno/8;
    db->in_count += ilen;
    (void)bsd_check(db);

    ++db->incomp_count;
    db->incomp_bytes += ilen;
    ++db->uncomp_count;
    db->uncomp_bytes += ilen;

    /* Increase code size if we would have without the packet
     * boundary and as the decompressor will.
     */
    if (max_ent >= MAXCODE(n_bits) && max_ent < db->maxmaxcode)
        db->n_bits++;
}


/*
 * Decompress "BSD Compress"
 *
 * Because of patent problems, we return DECOMP_ERROR for errors
 * found by inspecting the input data and for system problems, but
 * DECOMP_FATALERROR for any errors which could possibly be said to
 * be being detected "after" decompression.  For DECOMP_ERROR,
 * we can issue a CCP reset-request; for DECOMP_FATALERROR, we may be
 * infringing a patent of Motorola's if we do, so we take CCP down
 * instead.
 *
 * Given that the frame has the correct sequence number and a good FCS,
 * errors such as invalid codes in the input most likely indicate a
 * bug, so we return DECOMP_FATALERROR for them in order to turn off
 * compression, even though they are detected by inspecting the input.
 */
static int
bsd_decompress(state, cmsg, inlen, dmp, outlenp)
    void *state;
    u_char *cmsg, *dmp;
    int inlen, *outlenp;
{
    struct bsd_db *db = (struct bsd_db *) state;
    u_int max_ent = db->max_ent;
    u_int32_t accm = 0;
    u_int bitno = 32;           /* 1st valid bit in accm */
    u_int n_bits = db->n_bits;
    u_int tgtbitno = 32-n_bits; /* bitno when we have a code */
    struct bsd_dict *dictp;
    int explen, i, seq, len;
    u_int incode, oldcode, finchar;
    u_char *p, *rptr, *wptr;
    int ilen;
    int dlen, space, codelen, extra;

    rptr = cmsg;
    if (*rptr == 0)
        ++rptr;
    ++rptr;                     /* skip protocol (assumed 0xfd) */
    seq = (rptr[0] << 8) + rptr[1];
    rptr += BSD_OVHD;
    ilen = len = cmsg + inlen - rptr;

    /*
     * Check the sequence number and give up if it is not what we expect.
     */
    if (seq != db->seqno++) {
        if (db->debug)
            printf("bsd_decomp%d: bad sequence # %d, expected %d\n",
                   db->unit, seq, db->seqno - 1);
        return DECOMP_ERROR;
    }

    wptr = dmp + db->hdrlen;

    oldcode = CLEAR;
    explen = 0;
    while (len > 0) {
        /*
         * Accumulate bytes until we have a complete code.
         * Then get the next code, relying on the 32-bit,
         * unsigned accm to mask the result.
         */
        bitno -= 8;
        accm |= *rptr++ << bitno;
        --len;
        if (tgtbitno < bitno)
            continue;
        incode = accm >> tgtbitno;
        accm <<= n_bits;
        bitno += n_bits;

        if (incode == CLEAR) {
            /*
             * The dictionary must only be cleared at
             * the end of a packet.  But there could be an
             * empty message block at the end.
             */
            if (len > 0) {
                if (db->debug)
                    printf("bsd_decomp%d: bad CLEAR\n", db->unit);
                return DECOMP_FATALERROR;
            }
            bsd_clear(db);
            explen = ilen = 0;
            break;
        }

        if (incode > max_ent + 2 || incode > db->maxmaxcode
            || incode > max_ent && oldcode == CLEAR) {
            if (db->debug) {
                printf("bsd_decomp%d: bad code 0x%x oldcode=0x%x ",
                       db->unit, incode, oldcode);
                printf("max_ent=0x%x dlen=%d seqno=%d\n",
                       max_ent, dlen, db->seqno);
            }
            return DECOMP_FATALERROR;   /* probably a bug */
        }

        /* Special case for KwKwK string. */
        if (incode > max_ent) {
            finchar = oldcode;
            extra = 1;
        } else {
            finchar = incode;
            extra = 0;
        }

        codelen = db->lens[finchar];
        explen += codelen + extra;
        if (explen > db->mru + 1) {
            if (db->debug)
                printf("bsd_decomp%d: ran out of mru\n", db->unit);
            return DECOMP_FATALERROR;
        }

        /*
         * Decode this code and install it in the decompressed buffer.
         */
        p = (wptr += codelen);
        while (finchar > LAST) {
            dictp = &db->dict[db->dict[finchar].cptr];
#ifdef DEBUG
            --codelen;
            if (codelen <= 0) {
                printf("bsd_decomp%d: fell off end of chain ", db->unit);
                printf("0x%x at 0x%x by 0x%x, max_ent=0x%x\n",
                       incode, finchar, db->dict[finchar].cptr, max_ent);
                return DECOMP_FATALERROR;
            }
            if (dictp->codem1 != finchar-1) {
                printf("bsd_decomp%d: bad code chain 0x%x finchar=0x%x ",
                       db->unit, incode, finchar);
                printf("oldcode=0x%x cptr=0x%x codem1=0x%x\n", oldcode,
                       db->dict[finchar].cptr, dictp->codem1);
                return DECOMP_FATALERROR;
            }
#endif
            *--p = dictp->f.hs.suffix;
            finchar = dictp->f.hs.prefix;
        }
        *--p = finchar;

#ifdef DEBUG
        if (--codelen != 0)
            printf("bsd_decomp%d: short by %d after code 0x%x, max_ent=0x%x\n",
                   db->unit, codelen, incode, max_ent);
#endif

        if (extra)              /* the KwKwK case again */
            *wptr++ = finchar;

        /*
         * If not first code in a packet, and
         * if not out of code space, then allocate a new code.
         *
         * Keep the hash table correct so it can be used
         * with uncompressed packets.
         */
        if (oldcode != CLEAR && max_ent < db->maxmaxcode) {
            struct bsd_dict *dictp2;
            u_int32_t fcode;
            int hval, disp;

            fcode = BSD_KEY(oldcode,finchar);
            hval = BSD_HASH(oldcode,finchar,db->hshift);
            dictp = &db->dict[hval];

            /* look for a free hash table entry */
            if (dictp->codem1 < max_ent) {
                disp = (hval == 0) ? 1 : hval;
                do {
                    hval += disp;
                    if (hval >= db->hsize)
                        hval -= db->hsize;
                    dictp = &db->dict[hval];
                } while (dictp->codem1 < max_ent);
            }

            /*
             * Invalidate previous hash table entry
             * assigned this code, and then take it over
             */
            dictp2 = &db->dict[max_ent+1];
            if (db->dict[dictp2->cptr].codem1 == max_ent) {
                db->dict[dictp2->cptr].codem1 = BADCODEM1;
            }
            dictp2->cptr = hval;
            dictp->codem1 = max_ent;
            dictp->f.fcode = fcode;

            db->max_ent = ++max_ent;
            db->lens[max_ent] = db->lens[oldcode]+1;

            /* Expand code size if needed. */
            if (max_ent >= MAXCODE(n_bits) && max_ent < db->maxmaxcode) {
                db->n_bits = ++n_bits;
                tgtbitno = 32-n_bits;
            }
        }
        oldcode = incode;
    }
    *outlenp = wptr - (dmp + db->hdrlen);

    /*
     * Keep the checkpoint right so that incompressible packets
     * clear the dictionary at the right times.
     */
    db->bytes_out += ilen;
    db->in_count += explen;
    if (bsd_check(db) && db->debug) {
        printf("bsd_decomp%d: peer should have cleared dictionary\n",
               db->unit);
    }

    ++db->comp_count;
    db->comp_bytes += ilen + BSD_OVHD;
    ++db->uncomp_count;
    db->uncomp_bytes += explen;

    return DECOMP_OK;
}
#endif /* DO_BSD_COMPRESS */